1
|
Neves AB, Martins R, Matela N, Atalaia T. PosturAll: A Posture Assessment Software for Children. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1171. [PMID: 37892901 PMCID: PMC10603916 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
From an early age, people are exposed to risk factors that can lead to musculoskeletal disorders like low back pain, neck pain and scoliosis. Medical screenings at an early age might minimize their incidence. The study intends to improve a software that processes images of patients, using specific anatomical sites to obtain risk indicators for possible musculoskeletal problems. This project was divided into four phases. First, markers and body metrics were selected for the postural assessment. Second, the software's capacity to detect the markers and run optimization tests was evaluated. Third, data were acquired from a population to validate the results using clinical software. Fourth, the classifiers' performance with the acquired data was analyzed. Green markers with diameters of 20 mm were used to optimize the software. The postural assessment using different types of cameras was conducted via the blob detection method. In the optimization tests, the angle parameters were the most influenced parameters. The data acquired showed that the postural analysis results were statistically equivalent. For the classifiers, the study population had 16 subjects with no evidence of postural problems, 25 with mild evidence and 16 with moderate-to-severe evidence. In general, using a binary classification with the train/test split validation method provided better results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rodrigo Martins
- Escola Superior De Saúde Da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300-125 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.M.); (T.A.)
| | - Nuno Matela
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Tiago Atalaia
- Escola Superior De Saúde Da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300-125 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.M.); (T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karimiyarandi H, Khalilizad M. Prevalence of Orthopedic Pains in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anesth Pain Med 2023; 13:e136616. [PMID: 38024003 PMCID: PMC10676658 DOI: 10.5812/aapm-136616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Musculoskeletal disorders are among the main causes of death and disability and can impose high costs on individuals and countries. Considering the importance of pain, the present meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of orthopedic pains in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods The present study was reported in line with PRISMA. The searching process was carried out using keywords, including adolescents, pain, youth, school-age children, shoulder pain, neck pain, shoulder, and neck, AND/OR operators for the articles published during 2000 and 2022 in Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Magiran, International Statistical Institute, and Islamic World Science Citation Center databases. This study reviewed the articles that reported the prevalence of orthopedic pains (i.e., wrists/hands, shoulders, elbows, and knees) among the 5-18-year age group in Iran and extracted their results. Two researchers conducted the search quite independently and extracted the necessary data using a researcher-made checklist. The collected data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA3). Results Initially, 418 articles were identified, and 14 articles were entered into the systematic review stage. The prevalence rates of pains related to wrists/hands, shoulders, elbows, and knees were 6.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2 - 13.0), 26.9 (95% CI: 17.0 - 39.7), 2.9 (95% CI: 1.3 - 6.3), and 6.6 (95% CI: 3.0 - 14.2), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of shoulder and knee pains in individuals under 18 years in Iran was high. Therefore, it is necessary to make necessary interventions and take preventive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Karimiyarandi
- School of Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Majid Khalilizad
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Analysing the effect of gender on the human-machine interaction in level 3 automated vehicles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11645. [PMID: 35804087 PMCID: PMC9270323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the level 3 automated vehicles (L3 AVs) can enable drivers to be completely disengaged from driving and safely perform other non-driving related tasks, but sometimes their takeover of control of the vehicle is required. The takeover of control is an important human–machine interaction in L3 AVs. However, little research has focused on investigating the effect of gender on takeover performance. In order to fill this research gap, a driving simulator study with 76 drivers (33 females and 43 males) was conducted. The participants took over control from L3 AVs, and the timing and quality of takeover were measured. The results show that although there was no significant difference in most of the measurements adopted to quantify takeover performance between female and male. Gender did affect takeover performance slightly, with women exhibited slightly better performance than men. Compared to men, women exhibited a smaller percentage of hasty takeovers and slightly faster reaction times as well as slightly more stable operation of the steering wheel. The findings highlight that it is important for both genders to recognise they can use and interact with L3 AVs well, and more hands-on experience and teaching sessions could be provided to deepen their understanding of L3 AVs. The design of the car interiors of L3 AVs should also take into account gender differences in the preferences of users for different non-driving related tasks.
Collapse
|
4
|
School Bag-Related Factors and Their Implications for Walking and Cycling to School among New Zealand Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413125. [PMID: 34948735 PMCID: PMC8701100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Excessive school bag weight may be a modifiable barrier to active transport to school. This study examined correlates of school bag weight and adolescents’ perceptions of excessive school bag weight for walking and cycling to school among New Zealand adolescents living in diverse settlement types. Adolescents (n = 1512; 15.0 ± 1.3 years) completed a questionnaire and had their bag weight (n = 1190) and body weight (n = 1038) measured. Adolescents using active transport and rural adolescents had lighter school bags compared to their counterparts. One-third of adolescents reported excessive school bag weight for walking (31.2%) and cycling (37.2%) to school. Positive correlates of relative school bag weight were female gender (regression coefficient (95% CI): 0.53 (0.13, 0.93)), and underweight (2.21 (1.39, 3.02)), whereas negative correlates were Māori ethnicity (−0.87 (−1.41, −0.32)), overweight (−1.84 (−2.35, −1.34)) and obesity (−3.57 (−4.26, −2.87)), and school location in small urban areas (−2.10 (−4.19, −0.01)), and rural settlements (−3.58 (−5.66, −1.49)). Older adolescents, females, those with greater relative school bag weight, and those experiencing school bag-related pain symptoms and/or fatigue were more likely to report excessive school bag weight for both walking and cycling to school. Future initiatives should target reducing excessive school bag weight, particularly in female and urban adolescents.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kemta Lekpa F, Enyama D, Noukeu Njinkui D, Ngongang Chiedjio A, Simeni Njonnou SR, Ngongang Ouankou C, Namme Luma H, Choukem SP. Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain in schoolchildren in Cameroon, sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:1186-1191. [PMID: 34235853 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the prevalence and factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in schoolchildren are scarce in Africa, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and factors associated with LBP in schoolchildren in Cameroon. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study in 10 randomly selected schools (public and private) in Douala, Cameroon. Using a self-administrated questionnaire, sociodemographic, usual physical activity, and clinical data were collected and all the schoolbags were weighted. Informed consent was obtained from the parents. Statistical significance was established at P < .05. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with LBP. RESULTS We included 1075 schoolchildren (543 boys, 50.5%). The prevalence of LBP was 12.3% (132 children: 81 girls and 51 boys). The mean age was 11 ± 1 years (range, 8-14 years). Body mass index was normal in 110 schoolchildren (83.4%). Sixteen schoolchildren had already met a physician for LBP. Among the factors evaluated, those associated with LBP were female gender, doing competitive sport, sitting position, and LBP in at least 1 parent. The mean weight of the schoolbags was 4.9 ± 1.9 kg. We had 99 children with LBP and a schoolbag weight ≥10% of their body weight. No association was found between the weight of schoolbag and LBP. CONCLUSION LBP is common in Cameroonian schoolchildren, where 12.3% suffer from it. The weight of schoolbags was not associated with LBP. However, female gender, competitive sport, sitting position, and parental history of LBP were significantly associated with its occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Kemta Lekpa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Internal Medicine Department, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.,Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Dominique Enyama
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon.,Douala Gynaeco-obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Diomede Noukeu Njinkui
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon.,Douala Gynaeco-obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Sylvain Raoul Simeni Njonnou
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Christian Ngongang Ouankou
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon.,Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Henry Namme Luma
- Internal Medicine Department, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Simeon Pierre Choukem
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Internal Medicine Department, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.,Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network, Douala, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kędra A, Plandowska M, Kędra P, Czaprowski D. Non-specific low back pain: cross-sectional study of 11,423 children and youth and the association with the perception of heaviness in carrying of schoolbags. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11220. [PMID: 33986989 PMCID: PMC8103923 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carrying a schoolbag is a daily activity for most children and adolescents.The perception of a schoolbag’s weight depends upon the individual and is a relevant theme in schoolchildren. Describing the association between the perception of heaviness in carrying a schoolbag and NLBP can facilitate the planning of preventive programs, quite different from those based on specific weight limits for schoolbags in children and youth. Objective To determine the prevalence of non-specific low back pain (NLBP) and to analyse the association between the perception of heaviness in carrying of schoolbags and NLBP in Polish children and youth aged 10–19. Methods This study included 11,423 children and youth (6,252 girls and 5,171 boys) from Poland. An original questionnaire was used to assess NLBP prevalence. Results Among 11,423 of the respondents, 41.5% of the respondents admitted that they had experienced NLBP in the period of the last 12 months. The percentage of individuals reporting NLBP increased with age of participants, p < 0.001. Girls reported NLBP more often than boys (p < 0.001). Students with NLBP declared that their school backpack was heavy more often than students without LBP. Students who thought that their backpacks weighed too much manifested a 1.44 (95% Cl [1.33–1.55]) times higher probability to experience NLBP. Conclusion In the examined group of schoolchildren a frequent occurrence of NLBP (41.5%) was noted. Its occurrence was related to female sex and age. Students who thought that their backpacks weighed too much manifested higher probability to develop NLBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kędra
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Magdalena Plandowska
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kędra
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biala Podlaska, Poland
| | - Dariusz Czaprowski
- Physiotherapy Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Health Sciences, Olsztyn University, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Onan D, Ulger O. Investigating the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Pain in the Spine in Children or Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Child Obes 2021; 17:86-99. [PMID: 33570458 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neck pain (NP), back pain (BP), and low back pain (LBP) are generally defined as "pain in the spine." With the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, secondary problems such as pain in the spine have arisen. The purpose of this review was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and pain in the spine in children or adolescents. Methods: Publications were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to December 12, 2020. The search strategy in the database consisted of free text words and MeSH terms. Results: Twelve studies were reviewed. It was determined that different methods were used in all 12 studies to evaluate pain. In the evaluation of overweight/obesity, these studies performed BMI assessment by dividing body weight in kilograms by height squared. Five studies showed a relationship between LBP and BMI, two studies showed a relationship between BP and BMI, and two studies showed a relationship between NP and BMI. Conclusions: The review shows that there is a relationship between BMI and pain in the spine, especially LBP. There may be factors affecting this condition such as mechanical loading and hormonal metabolic activity in childhood and adolescence. Different methods are used in the studies in literature for the assessment pain in the spine and BMI, overweight, and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Onan
- Back and Neck Health Unit, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ulger
- Back and Neck Health Unit, Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alami A, Tehrani H, Lael-Monfared E, Moghaddam FS, Boghsani GT, Jafari A. Ergonomic factors of school bags and their adaptation to the weight of students. Work 2020; 65:809-820. [PMID: 32310211 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students use a school bag to carry their school supplies which may not have the required standards and ergonomic factors. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to examine the ergonomic factors of schoolbags and their adaptation to the weight of elementary school students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 721 primary schoolchildren. To collecting data a checklist, which its final version was approved by the experts, was designed by researchers. Data were analyzed by using SPSS ver. 22 and Chi-square test, One-Way ANOVA, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS In this study, about 90.1% of students used a backpack to carry their items and most students carried backpacks with a weight up to 10% of their body weight. In 43.5% of the students, waist width was appropriate with backpack width at the bottom, and in 96.6% shoulder width was appropriate with backpack width at the top. Multivariate logistic regression showed that girls in compared to boys were more likely tolerated ratio of backpack weight to body weight, and also had more likely proportion of waist width and the backpack width at the bottom. The grades of the first, second, and fourth used more heavy backpacks. Students who their mothers were employee compared to housewives, carried heavier backpacks and had more likely proportion of waist width and the backpack width at the bottom. As the mother's age increased, the proportion of waist width and the backpack width at the bottom is diminished. CONCLUSION The schoolbags weight of many students was more than the standard weight, and their schoolbags did not have the required standards. Educational interventions can increase the knowledge of students and parents about the ideal weight of a schoolbag and the criteria for choosing a proper school bag.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Lael-Monfared
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farokh Sharifi Moghaddam
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Gholamheidar Teimori Boghsani
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Heidarimoghadam R, Mortezapour A, Ghasemi F, Ghaffari ME, Babamiri M, Razie M, Bandehelahi K. Musculoskeletal Consequences in Cyber-Addicted Students - Is It Really A Matter of Health? A ROC Curve Analysis for Prioritizing Risk Factors. J Res Health Sci 2020; 20:e00475. [PMID: 32814697 PMCID: PMC7585751 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence and also multiple consequences of addiction to various online content, including online games and social networks, have become a major challenge. The ability to predict musculoskeletal disorders from this addiction can help reveal in students' health status in the near future. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this addiction and the ability to predict neck pain from this matter in students. STUDY DESIGN A cross sectional study. METHODS This study was carried out among 665 students. Data collection was performed through three questionnaires on problematic use of online games, social networking addiction, and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders. Data were compared with Chi-square and independent T-test, and the logistic regression model was then presented at a significant level of 0.05. Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Discriminant analysis were conducted to clarify associations. RESULTS The prevalence of Internet-related content addiction was 32.8%. The results showed that addiction to social networks and online games can increase the risk of neck disorder. Also 0.58 area under ROC curve depicted the ability to predict neck pain from this addiction. CONCLUSION In students with internet - related content addiction, neck disorder can be predicted. Given the high prevalence of internet addiction in students, it is essential to take immediate and appropriate interventions to avoid the associated adverse effects such as neck problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Heidarimoghadam
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mortezapour
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fakhradin Ghasemi
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari
- Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Babamiri
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Razie
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Bandehelahi
- Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Relationship between School Backpacks and Musculoskeletal Pain in Children 8 to 10 Years of Age: An Observational, Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072487. [PMID: 32260533 PMCID: PMC7177975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Back pain in children is a reality and various factors are involved in its etiology. The study’s aim was to analyze the relationship between the use and type of backpack and pain in children. An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 schoolchildren between 8–10 years. Data on the participants’ weight and height and their backpacks were collected, as well as the way of travel to school and their physical activity during the week. The results indicated that all backpacks were large because the backpack’s height is longer than torso length. Participants who studied in a traditional educational system (62.60%) carried backpacks that exceeded 10% of their body weight. Additionally, 31.7% of the students presented pain. There is no significant correlation between the weight or type of backpack and the pressure pain threshold collected from shoulders muscles. Participants who carried backpacks heavier than 10% of their body weight did not have more musculoskeletal pain or a lower pressure pain threshold than the others, although they did report greater fatigue. All these topics should be debated considering the student’s social environment and the backpack’s discomfort to the children, even though no relationship was found between musculoskeletal pain and backpack weight.
Collapse
|
11
|
Angarita-Fonseca A, Boneth-Collante M, Ariza-Garcia CL, Parra-Patiño J, Corredor-Vargas JD, Villamizar-Niño AP. Factors associated with non-specific low back pain in children aged 10-12 from Bucaramanga, Colombia: A cross-sectional study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2020; 32:739-747. [PMID: 30814343 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-160561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no Colombian studies published that assess non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) risk factors in children. OBJECTIVE To determine the factors associated with NSLBP in 73 children (19.2% girls) aged 10-12 years in one military school in Bucaramanga, Colombia. METHODS A questionnaire was used to obtain information of risk factors. Subsequently, children's weight and height were measured. The backpack was weighed at the beginning of each day from Monday to Friday. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated, with their respective 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The one-month prevalence of NSLBP was 39.7% (95% CI 28.4-51.9). In the multivariate analysis, carrying backpacks wearing between 12% and 20% of body weight, having a perception that the backpack is very heavy, and being a passive smoker increase the likelihood of NSLBP, while being 11-year-old compared to 10-year-old decreases the likelihood of having NSLBP, adjusted for gender, body mass index, and history of LBP in parents. CONCLUSIONS High prevalence of low back pain was found in children between 10 and 12 years old. The study of the decisive factors of low back pain is important to identify children at risk, as well as to develop efficient primary prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Angarita-Fonseca
- Grupo de investigación Fisioterapia Integral, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Manejo Clínico - CliniUDES, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Canadian Centre for Security and Health in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Milena Boneth-Collante
- Grupo de Investigación en Manejo Clínico - CliniUDES, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Claudia Lucia Ariza-Garcia
- Grupo de Investigación en Manejo Clínico - CliniUDES, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Javier Parra-Patiño
- Escuela de Fisioterapia, Universidad Industrial de Santander UIS, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Back Pain and Schoolbags among Adolescents in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010005. [PMID: 31861301 PMCID: PMC6981712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The incorrect carriage of schoolbags and heavy bags may result in back pain (BP) in adolescents. Our objective was to assess the problem of BP and associated factors among adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study targeting intermediate and secondary school adolescents in Abha City, Saudi Arabia. An anonymous questionnaire for BP was used. Student body weight and the weight of their full schoolbag were measured. The study included 876 adolescents. An overall prevalence of BP of 39.4% (95% CI: 35.3-43.7) was found. Upper BP (UBP), middle BP (MBP), and lower BP (LBP) amounted to 14.5%, 13.4%, and 11.5%, respectively. Associated significant factors with MBP were carrying the bag on one side compared to on the back (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.20-3.73) and being at intermediate level compared to secondary (aOR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04-2.40). On the other hand, gender and schoolbag weight/body weight percent were not found to be significantly associated with MBP. None of the studied factors were significantly associated with overall BP, UBP, or LBP. BP is a prevalent among adolescents in southwest Saudi Arabia. One-sided schoolbag carriage is a significant associated factor for middle back pain. Parents and teachers should encourage students to consider the correct way to carry schoolbag.
Collapse
|
13
|
Beynon AM, Hebert JJ, Lebouef-Yde C, Walker BF. Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part II: unclear or mixed types of back pain. Chiropr Man Therap 2019; 27:61. [PMID: 31827768 PMCID: PMC6862810 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-019-0281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Back pain is a global problem in terms of disability and financially, with a large burden both to the individual and to society. Back pain was previously believed to be uncommon in children. However, there is a growing body of evidence that this is not the case. Objective Part I of this scoping review studied risk factors of incident and episodic back pain. In this part II we aimed to identify all risk factors and triggers with unclear or mixed type back pain in young people and to identify any gaps in the literature. Methods A scoping review design was selected to summarise the evidence, as there are many studies on “risk factors” for back pain. The scoping review followed the PRISMSA-ScR guidelines. We considered all studies that tested potential risk factors and triggers for thoracic and/or lumbar spine pain, in children, adolescents, and young adults (≤ 24 years). PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to September 2018, to identify relevant English language articles. The results regarding potential risk factors were separated into temporal precursors and bidirectional risk factors and the studies were classified by study design. Results Our comprehensive search strategy identified 7356 articles, of which 83 articles were considered eligible for this review (part II). There were 53 cross-sectional studies and 30 cohort studies. Potential risk factors for back pain were: female sex, older age, later pubertal status, positive family history of back pain, increased growth, and a history of back pain, most of which are temporal precursor variables. There was limited research for the illness factors, spinal posture, and muscle endurance in the development of back pain. Conclusion Many of the included studies approached risk factors in similar ways and found factors that were associated with back pain but were not obvious risk factors as causality was uncertain. Future research should be more rigorous and innovative in the way that risk factors are considered. This could be through statistical approaches including cumulative exposures, or longitudinal approaches including multi-trajectory methods. Additionally, data on proposed risk factors should be collected before the onset of back pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Beynon
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Hebert
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia.,2Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 3 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Charlotte Lebouef-Yde
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia.,3Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bruce F Walker
- 1College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Back Pain and Knowledge of Back Care Related to Physical Activity in 12 to 17 Year Old Adolescents from the Region of Murcia (Spain). SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11195249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on back care is important to prevent back problems. The purpose of this study was to a) describe back pain and knowledge on back care related to physical activity in adolescents and b) determine the association between these two factors. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 276 students (aged from 12 to 17 years old), from three Spanish public secondary schools, had to complete a survey about back pain and another one about their knowledge on back care related to physical activity. The results showed a mean score of 2.54 ± 1.85 (out of 10), and 90.58% of students failed the knowledge test. Those who suffered from back pain in the week before scored higher (2.91 ± 1.66) than non-sufferers (2.42 ± 1.90), with statistically significant differences (Z = −2.109; p = 0.035; r = 0.127), although with no academically relevant differences. Finally, despite the relationship between a higher mean score in the knowledge test and back pain within the previous week, it has been found that there was not a significant association because most of the students got very low scores in the knowledge test. It also shows an important lack of knowledge about physical activity for back care in adolescents.
Collapse
|
15
|
The association between the weight of schoolbags and low back pain among schoolchildren: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and individual patient data meta‐analysis. Eur J Pain 2019; 24:91-109. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
16
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted (Prospero CRD42016038186). Observational studies analyzing LBP risk factors among participants aged between 9 and 16 were searched for in 13 electronic databases and 8 specialized journals until March 31, 2016, with no language restrictions. In addition, references in the identified studies were manually tracked. All identified studies that included ≥50 participants aged 9 to 16, were reviewed. Their methodological quality was assessed by 2 reviewers separately, using validated tools, which scored, from worst to best, 0 to 100 for cross-sectional and 0 to 12 for cohort studies. A sensitivity analysis only included studies that had adjusted for confounders, had ≥500 participants, and had a methodological score of ≥50%. RESULTS A total of 5142 citations were screened and 61 studies, including 137,877 participants from 5 continents, were reviewed. Their mean (range) methodological scores were 74.56 (50 to 100) for cross-sectional studies and 7.36 (5 to 9) for cohort studies. The studies had assessed 35 demographic, clinical, biological, family, psychological, ergonomic, and lifestyle risk factors. The mean (range) prevalence of LBP ranged between 15.25% (3.20 to 57.00) for point prevalence and 38.98% (11.60 to 85.56) for lifetime prevalence. Results on the association between LBP and risk factors were inconsistent. In the sensitivity analysis, "older age" and "participation in competitive sports" showed a consistent association with LBP. DISCUSSION Future studies should focus on muscle characteristics, the relationship between body and backpack weights, duration of carrying the backpack, characteristics of sport practice, and which are the factors associated with specifically chronic pain.
Collapse
|
17
|
Alsiddiky A, Alatassi R, Alsaadouni FN, Bakerman K, Awwad W, Alenazi A, Alsiddiqi S, Alyaseen H. Assessment of perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes of parents regarding children's schoolbags and related musculoskeletal health. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:113. [PMID: 31029176 PMCID: PMC6487022 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heavy schoolbags and their adverse musculoskeletal effects are a cause of great concern. Parents’ awareness and knowledge about this are crucial to prevent such health problems. Thus, this study aimed to assess parents’ perceptions, knowledge, and attitudes regarding children’s schoolbags and related musculoskeletal health. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting parents with children of school age. In January 2015, a self-administered, validated questionnaire was distributed to all participants, consisting of questions about their awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding the negative effects of carrying inappropriate schoolbags on children’s musculoskeletal health. Result A total of 616 parents (284 fathers and 332 mothers) completed the questionnaire (response rate of 100%). A total of 247 (87.3%) fathers and 301 (90.9%) mothers knew that carrying heavy schoolbags produces back problems. However, only 105 (36.9%) fathers and 107 (37.6%) mothers knew that incorrect schoolbag weight and inadequate way to carry it may impede the normal alignment and growth of the spine. Only 107 (37.6%) fathers and 96 (28.9%) mothers knew the ideal weight of the schoolbag, while 49.6% of fathers and 42.8% of mothers did not check their children’s schoolbags for unnecessary contents. Conclusion Awareness of parents about the consequences of heavy schoolbags and correct use is still limited and suboptimal. Educational sessions for parents and awareness campaigns may help to reduce the prevalence of musculoskeletal health problems among children. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13018-019-1142-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmonem Alsiddiky
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raheef Alatassi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Security Forces Hospital, P.O. Box: 3643, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fayez N Alsaadouni
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Bakerman
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Awwad
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alenazi
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alsiddiqi
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husain Alyaseen
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Amaral G, Martins H, Silva AG. Postural control in subclinical neck pain: a comparative study on the effect of pain and measurement procedures. Scand J Pain 2019; 18:295-302. [PMID: 29794294 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2017-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study investigated whether young university students with neck pain (NP) have postural control deficits when compared to sex and age-matched asymptomatic subjects. METHODS Centre of pressure (COP) sway area, velocity, anterior-posterior and mediolateral distances were measured in participants with (n=27) and without (n=27) neck pain for different combinations of static standing (narrow stance, tandem stance and single leg stance) and measurement time (90, 60, 30 and 15 s) with eyes closed using a force plate. Additionally, static and dynamic clinical tests of postural control were used. RESULTS No significant between group differences were found for the COP measurements (p>0.05). However, individuals with subclinical NP were more likely to fail the 90 s tandem test (p<0.05) in the force plate and univariate comparisons revealed significant between group differences in the tandem and single leg stance clinical test measurements. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the inconsistent results might suggest an emerging postural control deficit in university students with low disability and low intensity chronic idiopathic NP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Amaral
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Martins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela G Silva
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS.UA), Aveiro, Portugal, Phone: +234401558, extension: 23899, Fax: +234401597
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with low back pain (LBP) in female adolescents of high school age. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The prevalence of LBP in Tehran is high, and the majority of previous studies on LBP in adolescent and its risk factors have been performed in the developed countries. Therefore, identification of risk factors and planning appropriate protocols for prevention of LBP in adolescents may substantially decrease the prevalence of LBP and its burden in developing countries in future. METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study, demographic characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), weight and mode of using backpack, family history of LBP in first degree relatives, and passive smoking status of the participants along with a history of LBP were recorded. Joint hypermobility was assessed using Beighton scale. Also, anthropometric measurements, spinal flexion, and hip joint range of motion were measured for each participant. RESULTS In total, 372 students participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 15.8 (0.9) years. The lifetime, more than 3 months, and last month history of LBP was 46.2%, 11.6%, and 31.2%, respectively. Positive history of LBP in the first-degree relatives was significantly associated with LBP in the participants (P < 0.01). The prevalence of passive smoking was significantly higher in the participants with last month history of LBP (P = 0.03). The prevalence of joint hypermobility was 15.9% and was significantly higher in those with the lifetime and last month history of LBP (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION LBP is a common complaint among adolescent and high school girl students. The results of this study identified the prevalence and associated factors with LBP in high school students and will help develop strategies for prevention and treatment of LBP in the adolescent population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Collapse
|
20
|
School Bag Weight as a Barrier to Active Transport to School among New Zealand Adolescents. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5100129. [PMID: 30241347 PMCID: PMC6210522 DOI: 10.3390/children5100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Excessive school bag weight is a barrier to active transport to school (ATS). This study examined parents’ and adolescents’ perceptions of school bag weights and actual school bag weights for adolescents in New Zealand. Methods: Parents (n = 331; 76.7% women) completed a survey. Adolescents (n = 682; age 15.1 ± 1.4 years; 57.3% boys) completed a survey, underwent anthropometry, and had their school bags weighed. Results: Overall, 68.3% of parents perceived that adolescents’ school bags were too heavy to carry to school. This parental perception differed by adolescents’ mode of transport to school (active/motorized/combined: 35.1%/78.4%/68.8%, p < 0.001). Adolescents perceived that their school bags were too heavy to carry to walk (57.8%) or cycle (65.8%) to school. Adolescent perceptions differed by mode of transport to school (for walking (active/motorized/combined): 30.9%/69.2%/55.9% agree, p < 0.001; for cycling: 47.9%/72.8%/67.7%; p < 0.001). Actual school bag weight was, on average, 5.6 ± 2.1 kg. Relative school bag weight (% of body weight) was higher for boys and underweight adolescents compared to their counterparts. Neither absolute nor relative school bag weight differed by mode of transport to school. Conclusions: School bag weight was perceived a barrier to ATS and was a greater perceived barrier among users of motorized versus active transport. Perceptions of school bag weights should be considered in future ATS interventions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen YL, Mu YC. Effects of backpack load and position on body strains in male schoolchildren while walking. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193648. [PMID: 29561850 PMCID: PMC5862447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Data regarding the effects of backpack carriage on children’s body strains while walking are limited. This study measured the body posture, muscle activation, and subjective discomfort scores of 12 male schoolchildren (age: 12.3 (range 12.1–13.0) y, height: 151.3 (range 144.2–154.6) cm, weight: 46.6 (range 43.6–49.7) kg) carrying backpacks weighing 5%, 10%, and 15% of their respective body weights (BWs) and walking for 10 min on a treadmill. For each load, three positions along the spinal column (T7, T12, and L3) were examined. Participants carrying a backpack weighing 15% of BW exhibited higher head flexion, trunk flexion, and corresponding muscle activation, and a lower lumbosacral angle compared with those carrying loads of 5% and 10% of BW. The waist received the highest discomfort scores when the backpacks were carried at the L3 position. Conversely, the discomfort rating for the neck and shoulders where the highest when the backpack was at the T7 position; this high backpack position also caused more head flexion than the other two positions. For the musculoskeletal health of children, the findings suggest that carrying a school backpack weighing 15% of BW should be avoided, and carrying at the T12 position may be recommended for schoolboys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Touyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ying-Cen Mu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dianat I, Alipour A, Asgari Jafarabadi M. Risk factors for neck and shoulder pain among schoolchildren and adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:20-27. [PMID: 28782292 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the potential risk factors for neck and shoulder pain among schoolchildren. METHODS Demographic, physical/leisure activity, school-related and psychosocial factors for neck/shoulder pain were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 1611 schoolchildren aged 11-14 years. RESULTS Neck and shoulder complaints were reported in 27.9 and 19.0% of the sample, respectively. According to multivariate logistic regression models, high desk height (odds ratio (OR) = 2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-4.07), forward-inclined seat pan (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.40-4.05), time spent (30-60 min/day) carrying school bag (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.16-2.23) and psychosocial factors (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.03-3.72) independently increased the risk of neck pain, while low body mass index (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.95) decreased it. Time spent on watching TV (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.02-2.06), backward-inclined seat backrest (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.58), curved seat backrest (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.05-3.08), too much homework (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03-2.03) and psychosocial factors (conduct problems) (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07-2.46) independently increased the risk of shoulder pain, while prosocial behaviour (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35-0.90) decreased it. CONCLUSION Both physical and psychosocial factors influenced the risk for neck/shoulder pain in school-aged children, suggesting that they should be considered in assessment and treatment of such symptoms in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Alipour
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dianat I, Alipour A, Asghari Jafarabadi M. Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among school age children in Iran. Health Promot Perspect 2017; 7:223-229. [PMID: 29085800 PMCID: PMC5647358 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2017.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most available data on the prevalence and characteristics of back pain in schoolchildren is related to industrialised and developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and potential risk factors among schoolchildren and adolescents in a developing country, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1611 Iranian schoolchildren aged 11–14 years. A self-complete questionnaire was used to assess LBP prevalence, physical leisure activities, school-related and psychosocial factors. Results: The prevalence of LBP was 34.3%. Female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, 95% CI:1.28–1.94), family member with back pain (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.40–2.36), difficulty in viewing the (black)board (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–1.99), too much homework (OR = 1.47, 95% CI:1.09–1.99), time spend carrying a schoolbag (min/d) (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01–1.85), and psychosocial factors (emotional symptoms) (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.54–3.39) were independently associated with LBP. Physical activity, having a job, watching television, using a computer, playing games and schoolbag weight had no effect. Conclusion: It can be concluded that both physical and psychosocial factors influenced the risk for LBP, but emotional symptoms had a stronger association with LBP than physical factors. Knowledge about LBP in school children and adolescents could be important in assessment and treatment of such symptoms in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Alipour
- Department of Occupational Health and Ergonomics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dockrell S, Jacobs K, Byrne J, Gleeson E, Kelly S, Moore C, O'Meara E, Barclay D, Rodriguez S, Kang D, Simms C, Blake C. Parental awareness of schoolbag carriage: A comparative study of Irish and United States parents. Work 2017; 58:85-93. [PMID: 28922183 DOI: 10.3233/wor-172605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the global nature of schoolbag carriage, there has been extensive research on schoolbag weight and use with resultant guidance on many aspects of carrying a schoolbag. However, there is limited evidence of knowledge translation or parents' awareness of schoolbag carriage. OBJECTIVE This study investigated parental awareness of factors related to schoolbag carriage. METHOD A cross-sectional survey using an anonymous 30-item questionnaire and purposive sampling was used. Questionnaires were distributed to parents of primary school children through the schools. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were used and associations were tested using Chi-square analysis in SPSS v23. RESULTS A total of 700 parents in Ireland (Ire) and the United States (US) participated in the study (n = 444 [Ire] and n = 256 [US]). Generally, parents had satisfactory awareness of appropriate schoolbag type and carriage. The majority of children owned a backpack (89.9% [Ire] vs. 93.7% [US]), although fewer parents considered this to be the most suitable bag for their child (69.6% [Ire] vs. 88.2% [US]). More Irish parents (29.2%) favoured a wheeled schoolbag compared to US parents (6.2%) (p < 0.001). The majority (70.8% [Ire] vs. 55.7% [US]) wanted more information. The preferred platforms for receiving information were a handout (78.1% [Ire] vs. 71.6% [US]) and on-line (44.6% [Ire] vs. 53.9% [US]). CONCLUSIONS Despite gaps identified, parents had good awareness of factors relating to schoolbag carriage, but this study shows that they would like more information. The preferred platform for knowledge translation was a handout. Parents are the best advocates for safety promotion and represent the group most likely to improve schoolbag carriage among children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dockrell
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Jacobs
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Byrne
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Gleeson
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitriona Moore
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear O'Meara
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dagny Barclay
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Rodriguez
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Kang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ciaran Simms
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Scarabottolo CC, Pinto RZ, Oliveira CB, Zanuto EF, Cardoso JR, Christofaro DGD. Back and neck pain prevalence and their association with physical inactivity domains in adolescents. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2017; 26:2274-2280. [PMID: 28536945 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Back pain affects people of all ages. This may be associated with physical inactivity, and in the case of physical activity in different domains, the relationship with back pain is not clear in the literature. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of low back and neck pain and investigate their association in different domains of physical inactivity. METHODS 1011 randomly selected students participated in this study. Neck and back pain were assessed using the Nordic questionnaire, whereas the Baecke Physical Activity questionnaire was used to measure physical activity domains. Separate Binary Logistic Regression models were performed to investigate the association of physical activity domains with neck or back pain. RESULTS 17.4% of the students reported cervical pain, while 18.0% reported low back pain. Older adolescents had a higher prevalence of cervical pain (24.4%) than younger adolescents (11.9%) (p value <0.001), as well as lumbar pain, being 25.1% in older adolescents and 12.4% in younger (p value <0.001). Adolescents physically inactive in the school environment were less likely to have pain in the cervical region [OR 0.67 (0.44-0.99)] or back pain [OR 0.60 (0.40-0.91)]. Being inactive in occupational activities was associated with cervical pain [OR 1.49 (1.06-2.10)]. Being inactive in the sports environment presented a marginal relationship with pain in the cervical region [OR 1.41 (0.99-2.02)]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of neck and low back pain was higher in older adolescents and physical inactivity in the sporting context and occupational activities could be a risk factor to increase the chances of back pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Covolo Scarabottolo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil.
| | - R Z Pinto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - C B Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - E F Zanuto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Cardoso
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - D G D Christofaro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19060-900, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dockrell S, Blake C, Simms C. Guidelines for schoolbag carriage: An appraisal of safe load limits for schoolbag weight and duration of carriage. Work 2017; 53:679-88. [PMID: 26890600 DOI: 10.3233/wor-162260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no global agreement on a schoolbag weight limit and little assessment of its utility. The duration of carriage is another factor yet there is no previous systematic assessment of the utility of cut-off values for it in identifying schoolbag-related discomfort. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to establish if there was a threshold for musculoskeletal discomfort based on (i) percentage bodyweight (% BW) of the schoolbag; (ii) duration of carriage; or (iii) combined % BW and duration. METHODS Using data from 462 primary school children, a novel experimental approach was used to explore the utility of conventional schoolbag weight limit guidelines and duration of carriage. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to examine the predictive performance of schoolbag weight and duration of carriage. RESULTS The mean schoolbag weight (4.8±1.43 kg) represented a mean 12.4±4.18% BW. Only 30.7% of the sample carried schoolbags that were ≤10% BW. The majority (76%) carried schoolbags to school for ≤10 minutes. No % BW, duration of carriage or mechanical burden criterion provided a threshold cut-off point for accurately predicting schoolbag-related discomfort. CONCLUSIONS Guidelines for safe schoolbag carriage that are based on mechanical factors alone could not be upheld. The association between duration of carriage and back discomfort warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dockrell
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciaran Simms
- Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
de Oliveira Saes M, Flores Soares MC. [Factors associated with back pain in adolescents from public schools in one city from South Brazil]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2017; 19:105-111. [PMID: 30137163 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v19n1.48143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of back pain and associated factors in children attending public schools from South Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study, conducted between May-July 2014, where a random sample of 619 adolescents, aged 10-17 years of age, was evaluated. The prevalence of back pain was assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and the independent variables (demographic and biological information, the way of transporting school supplies, and pain during and after the walk) were obtained through a standardized questionnaire. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence of back pain in association with the factors investigated. RESULTS The prevalence of back pain was 45.2 %, out of which 64.6 % reported pain in one region, 27.1 % in two and 8.3 % in the three regions investigated. After an individual assessment of regions, it was found that the highest prevalence of pain relates to the dorsal region (26.2 %). The most relevant associated factors include female gender (OR=1.43, 95 %CI 1.19-1.74; p<0.01), age between 14 and 17 (OR=1.22; 95 %CI = 1.03-1.45; p=0.02), and dark skin (OR=1.20, 95 %CI 1.01-1.43; p=0.04). CONCLUSION The results highlight the need for greater attention to adolescents complaining of back pain, in order to prevent the presence of this chronical disorder in adolescence and later in adulthood. Therefore, it is necessary to educate adolescents and their guardians for the stimulation and consequent adoption of healthy practices for musculoskeletal integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cristina Flores Soares
- FT. Doutora em Fisiologia da Reprodução. Universite de Paris. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande/RS/Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adeyemi AJ, Rohani JM, Rani MRA. Interaction of body mass index and age in muscular activities among backpack carrying male schoolchildren. Work 2016; 52:677-86. [PMID: 26409348 DOI: 10.3233/wor-152102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex and limited understanding of the interactions among multiple factors associated with back pain occurrence among schoolchildren might explain the current inconclusive and contradictory findings on the issue. The global increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, which reportedly affects children's physical abilities, calls for concern among school/children ergonomists and other stakeholders. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the interaction of body mass index (BMI) and age on the muscular activities, backpack height and perceived level of pain arising from carrying different weight of backpacks. METHODS Surface electromyography analysis of erector spinae and trapezius muscular activities was conducted on 47 primary schoolchildren aged between 8 and 11 years. Repeated measure ANOVA were carried out on the data. RESULTS There was significant difference in all the measures of muscular activities, backpack height and pain rating at different levels of backpack weight. However, the children were only significantly fatigable in the erector spinae muscles of the lower back and not in the trapezius of the upper back. The interactive effect of BMI was more pronounced than the children's age. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that it is not appropriate for all schoolchildren to have the same backpack weight limit and obese schoolchildren should carry a lower bag-to-body ratio of backpack weight. The younger children also need an appropriate bag surface-to-trunk ratio size of backpack as they were more affected by the position of the backpack.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ademola James Adeyemi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, W.U. Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Jafri Mohd Rohani
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mat Rebi Abdul Rani
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abaraogu UO, Ugwa WO, Nnodim O, Ezenwankwo EF. Effect of Backpack Strap Patterns on Gait Parameters in Young Adults at Self-Selected Normal and Fast Walking Speeds. PM R 2016; 9:676-682. [PMID: 27780769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of backpack load on young adults' gait parameters have received little attention. We previously reported that with a backpack load within 15% body weight (BW), young adults maintain their gait parameters at the expense of increased exertion during a 6-minute walk at self-selected normal walking speed. However, the effect of backpack strap pattern on gait parameters during faster walking or longer stride length has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of different backpack strap patterns on gait parameters during a 12-minute walk test in young adults at self-selected normal and fast walking speeds. DESIGN A crossover, self-controlled experimental study with repeated measures. SETTING Department of Medical Rehabilitation, University of Nigeria. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 24 healthy young adults (21.29 ± 1.20 years) who voluntarily signed an informed consent form, were able to wear a backpack on 1 and on both shoulders, were able to walk independently, and passed the physical activity readiness screening participated in this study. METHODS Using a validated method of an observational gait analysis, each participant carried out a 12-minute walk test at self-determined normal and fast walking speeds, respectively. The effect of the following test conditions on the selected gait parameters was evaluated: normal and fast walking without load, and normal and fast walking with 10% and 20% BW backpack carried each on 1 and both shoulders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Stride length, stride time, velocity, cadence, and base of support were assessed by the equation definitions method of the velocity field diagram. RESULTS At self-selected fast walking speed with 10% BW backpack load, stride time (P = .004) and cadence (P = .006) were significantly decreased when participants wore a double-strap backpack. At self-selected normal walking speed with 20% BW backpack load, cadence was significantly decreased with double-strap backpack carriage (P = .008). Cadence (P < .001), velocity (P < .001), and stride time (P < .001)were also significantly decreased at both conditions of single and double-strap backpack carriage of 20% BW respectively at fast walking speed. CONCLUSION Backpack strap patterns do not affect the gait parameters of young adults in a 12-minute bout of normal walking speed, provided that the load is less than 20% BW. However, a load up to 10% BW carried on a double strap causes a decrease in stride time and cadence when these individuals walk fast. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ukachukwu Okoroafor Abaraogu
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, 400006 Enugu, Nigeria(∗).
| | - Wisdom Onyedikachi Ugwa
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria(†)
| | - Osita Nnodim
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology College of Medicine University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria(‡)
| | - Elochukwu Fortune Ezenwankwo
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dianat I, Karimi MA. Musculoskeletal symptoms among handicraft workers engaged in hand sewing tasks. J Occup Health 2016; 58:644-652. [PMID: 27725482 PMCID: PMC5373915 DOI: 10.1539/joh.15-0196-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and associated risk factors among Iranian handicraft workers engaged in different hand sewing tasks. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires (including the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire) as well as direct observations of posture (using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment [RULA] method) from 632 workers including carpet handicraft workers (n=222), textiles handicraft workers (n=209), and leather handicraft workers (n=201) in Tabriz, Iran. Results: The response rate was 88.8%. The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, particularly in the neck (57.9%), lower back (51.6%), and shoulders (40.5%) was relatively high. The prevalence of neck and shoulder pain was higher among females and with increasing age. Working posture and fast working were associated with neck, shoulder, and lower back pain. Years worked as a sewing worker was associated with neck and lower back pain. Long duration of continuous sitting work (>2 h) without a break was associated with neck pain. Body mass index, marital status, sport/physical activity, smoking, daily working hours, job satisfaction, and perceived pressure due to work had no effect. Conclusions: The findings indicate a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among the studied handicraft workers and emphasize the importance of individual, physical, and psychosocial aspects of hand sewing tasks in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lourenço AS, Lameiras C, Silva AG. Neck Flexor and Extensor Muscle Endurance in Subclinical Neck Pain: Intrarater Reliability, Standard Error of Measurement, Minimal Detectable Change, and Comparison With Asymptomatic Participants in a University Student Population. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2016; 39:427-433. [PMID: 27368756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to assess intrarater reliability and to calculate the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) for deep neck flexor and neck extensor muscle endurance tests, and compare the results between individuals with and without subclinical neck pain. METHODS Participants were students of the University of Aveiro reporting subclinical neck pain and asymptomatic participants matched for sex and age to the neck pain group. Data on endurance capacity of the deep neck flexors and neck extensors were collected by a blinded assessor using the deep neck flexor endurance test and the extensor endurance test, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), SEM, and MDC were calculated for measurements taken within a session by the same assessor. Differences between groups for endurance capacity were investigated using a Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The deep neck flexor endurance test (ICC = 0.71; SEM = 6.91 seconds; MDC = 19.15 seconds) and neck extensor endurance test (ICC = 0.73; SEM = 9.84 minutes; MDC = 2.34 minutes) are reliable. No significant differences were found between participants with and without neck pain for both tests of muscle endurance (P > .05). CONCLUSION The endurance capacity of the deep neck flexors and neck extensors can be reliably measured in participants with subclinical neck pain. However, the wide SEM and MDC might limit the sensitivity of these tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Lourenço
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carina Lameiras
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela G Silva
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dockrell S, Simms C, Blake C. Schoolbag carriage and schoolbag-related musculoskeletal discomfort among primary school children. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2015; 51:281-290. [PMID: 26154227 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Schoolbag carriage is a common occurrence and has been associated with musculoskeletal discomfort in children. The current study investigated the relationship between schoolbag-related musculoskeletal discomfort and individual, physical and psychosocial risk factors in primary school children in Ireland. A cross-sectional survey and pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. The site and intensity of musculoskeletal discomfort was assessed before and after schoolbag carriage to provide a dose-response assessment of schoolbag-related discomfort for the first time. Objective measurements of the children, schoolbags and other additional items were made, and a researcher assisted questionnaire was completed on arrival at school. A total of 529 children (male 55.8%: female 44.2%) with a mean age of 10.6 years ± 7.14 months were included. The majority had backpacks (93.8%) and 89.7% (n = 445) carried the backpack over 2 shoulders. The mean schoolbag weight (4.8 ± 1.47 kgs) represented a mean % body weight (%BW) of 12.6 ± 4.29%. Only 29.9% carried schoolbags that were ≤10%BW. A significantly greater proportion of normal weight children carried schoolbags that were >10%BW compared to overweight/obese children (p < 0.001). The mean %BW carried was 18.3 ± 5.03 for those who had an additional item. The majority (77.5%) carried schoolbags to school for ≤10 min. The prevalence of baseline musculoskeletal discomfort was high (63.4%). Schoolbag-related discomfort was reported more frequently in the shoulders (27.3%) than in the back (15%). The dose-response assessment indicated that both statistically and meaningfully significant increases in discomfort were observed following schoolbag carriage. Multiple logistic regression models indicated that psychosocial factors and a history of discomfort were predictors of schoolbag-related back discomfort, while gender (being female) and a history of discomfort were predictors of schoolbag-related shoulder discomfort. None of the physical factors (absolute/relative schoolbag weight, carrying an additional item, duration of carriage, method of travel to school) were associated with schoolbag-related discomfort. This study highlights the need to consider the multi-factorial nature of schoolbag-related discomfort in children, and also the need to identify background pain as its presence can inadvertently influence the reporting of 'schoolbag-related' discomfort if it is not accounted for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dockrell
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital, James's St., Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Ciaran Simms
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Parsons Building, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Bellfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dianat I, Kord M, Yahyazade P, Karimi MA, Stedmon AW. Association of individual and work-related risk factors with musculoskeletal symptoms among Iranian sewing machine operators. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2015; 51:180-188. [PMID: 26154216 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated working conditions and the occurrence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among 251 Iranian sewing machine operators. A questionnaire and direct observations of working postures using the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method were used. A high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms, particularly in the neck/shoulders, back and hands/wrists were found. The mean RULA grand score of 5.7 highlighted a poor sewing workstation design and indicated that most operators (with posture assessed at action level 3) needed an investigation and changes in their working habits soon. Work-related factors (including number of years worked as an operator, prolonged working hours per shift, long duration of sitting work without a break, feeling pressure due to work and working postures) and individual factors (including age, gender, BMI and regular sport/physical activities) were associated with musculoskeletal symptoms in multiple logistic regression models. The findings add to the understanding of working conditions of those jobs involving sewing activities and emphasise the need for ergonomic interventions to reduce musculoskeletal symptoms in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dianat
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Madeh Kord
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Parvin Yahyazade
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Alex W Stedmon
- Human Systems Integration Group, Faculty of Engineering & Computing, Coventry University, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu KE, Kim JS. Factors Associated with Relative Schoolbag Weight and Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Elementary School Children. CHILD HEALTH NURSING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2015.21.4.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|