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Tsutsumi H, Ohata T, Nakashima R, Ikeda H. Inclusion complexation and self-association of cucurbit[ n]uril ( n = 6, 7) and diquat under pseudo-physiological conditions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation and steric structure of the inclusion complex of cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]; n = 6, 7) and diquat (DQ) were investigated through NMR measurements under the pH conditions of human pseudo-gastric or body fluids, in physiological saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsutsumi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ohata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Rie Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ikeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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Perales-Vela HV, Salcedo-Álvarez MO, Parra-Marcelo R, Gaviria-González LC, de Jesús Martínez-Roldán A. Growth and metabolic responses to methyl viologen (1,1'-dimethyl - 4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) on Chlorella vulgaris. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130750. [PMID: 34029965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are especially susceptible to being contaminated by pesticides used in agricultural fields. Methyl viologen (MV) is an herbicide with high effectiveness for the control of unwanted land plants; however, it also has a high toxicity towards the algae in the aquatic environment. The objective of this work was to describe the effect of MV on photosynthetic metabolism and its relationship with respiration, growth and the content of photosynthetic pigments of Chlorella vulgaris. The cultures of C. vulgaris were exposed for 72 h at different concentrations of methyl viologen. The results show that growth, pigment content and metabolic activity decrease as the concentration of MV increases. Analysis of the photochemical activity indicates that MV produces an inhibition of electron transport between quinone A and quinone B of photosystem II. The inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport is directly related to the reduction of metabolic activity and cell growth. The results found in this research show that methyl viologen can be a toxic pollutant for primary producers in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Virgilio Perales-Vela
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica.Unidad de Morfología y Función. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Los Reyes Iztacala, Ave. de Los Barrios #1. Estado de México, C.P. 54090, Mexico.
| | - Martha Ofelia Salcedo-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica.Unidad de Morfología y Función. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Los Reyes Iztacala, Ave. de Los Barrios #1. Estado de México, C.P. 54090, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Parra-Marcelo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica.Unidad de Morfología y Función. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Los Reyes Iztacala, Ave. de Los Barrios #1. Estado de México, C.P. 54090, Mexico.
| | - Llaraí Carolina Gaviria-González
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica.Unidad de Morfología y Función. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Los Reyes Iztacala, Ave. de Los Barrios #1. Estado de México, C.P. 54090, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo de Jesús Martínez-Roldán
- Cátedra Conacyt, Comisionado a La Maestría en Sistemas Ambientales. TecNM/ Instituto Tecnológico de Durango. Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Bioquímica. Blvd, Felipe Pescador 1830, Nueva Vizcaya, 34080, Durango, Dgo, Mexico.
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Kang W, Li X, Sun A, Yu F, Hu X. Study of the Persistence of the Phytotoxicity Induced by Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots and of the Specific Molecular Mechanisms by Integrating Omics and Regular Analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3791-3801. [PMID: 30870590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although increasing attention has been paid to the nanotoxicity of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) due to their broad range of applications, the persistence and recoverability associated with GOQDs had been widely ignored. Interestingly, stress-response hormesis for algal growth was observed for Chlorella vulgaris as a single-celled model organism. Few physiological parameters, such as algal density, plasmolysis, and levels of reactive oxygen species, exhibited facile recovery. In contrast, the effects on chlorophyll a levels, permeability, and starch grain accumulation exhibited persistent toxicity. In the exposure stage, the downregulation of genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and binding contributed to toxic effects on photosynthesis. In the recovery stage, downregulation of genes related to the cis-Golgi network, photosystem I, photosynthetic membrane, and thylakoid was linked to the persistence of toxic effects on photosynthesis. The upregulated galactose metabolism and downregulated aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis also indicated toxicity persistence in the recovery stage. The downregulation and upregulation of phenylalanine metabolism in the exposure and recovery stages, respectively, reflected the tolerance of the algae to GOQDs. The present study highlights the importance of studying nanotoxicity by elucidation of stress and recovery patterns with metabolomics and transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilu Kang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Anqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Fubo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , P. R. China
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Magalhães N, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Human and experimental toxicology of diquat poisoning: Toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, and treatment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1131-1160. [PMID: 29569487 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118765330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diquat (1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridinium ion; DQ) is a nonselective quick-acting herbicide, which is used as contact and preharvest desiccant to control terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. Several cases of human poisoning were reported worldwide mainly due to intentional ingestion of the liquid formulations. Its toxic potential results from its ability to produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through redox cycling processes that can lead to oxidative stress and potentially cell death. Kidney is the main target organ due to DQ toxicokinetics and redox cycling. There is no antidote against DQ intoxications, and the efficacy of treatments currently applied is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this work was to review the most relevant human and experimental findings related to DQ, characterizing its chemistry, activity as herbicide, mechanisms of toxicity, consequences of poisoning, and potential therapeutic approaches taking into account previous experience in developing antidotes for paraquat, a more toxic bipyridinium herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Magalhães
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Carvalho
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R J Dinis-Oliveira
- 1 UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,2 IINFACTS-Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.,3 Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Choi H, Jung SK, Kim JS, Kim KW, Oh KB, Lee PY, Byun SJ. Effects of dietary recombinant chlorella supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, blood characteristics, excreta microflora, and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Poult Sci 2017; 96:710-716. [PMID: 27697932 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chlorella as an immune stimulant to enhance nonspecific host defense mechanisms or as an antimicrobial to inhibit bacterial growth has been reported. Thus, the aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of recombinant chlorella supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, and the blood profile, excreta microflora, and nutrient digestibility in broilers. A total of 375 one-day-old ROSS 308 broilers (male and female) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments using 5 cages with 15 chicks per cage. Treatments were: 1) NC, basal diet supplemented with 1.0% E. coli fermented liquor (EFL); 2) PC1, 0.2% EFL with chlorella; 3) PC2, 1.0% EFL with chlorella; 4) T1, 0.2% EFL with chlorella (anti-viral); and 5) T2, 1.0% EFL with chlorella (anti-viral). The broilers in the T2 treatment groups showed higher body weight gain (BGW) by 2.55% (P < 0.01) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 2.75% (P < 0.05) compared with those fed the control NC treatment group. Moreover, the blood contents of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and IgA in the broilers of the T2 treatment group were significantly increased by 28.12, 23.07, and 29.72%, respectively -more than those found in the broilers of the NC treatment group (P < 0.01). In contrast, the LDL/C in the blood from the animals in the T2 treatment group was significantly decreased by 23.23% - more than that in the blood from the NC broilers (P < 0.05). Based on these results, we suggest that the dietary supplementation of broilers with recombinant chlorella could improve their growth performance, increase the concentration of IgA and apparently metabolizable nitrogen in the blood, and decrease ammonia emissions. Therefore, our findings have important implications for the effect of recombinant chlorella supplementation through increasing the concentration of IgA and the level of metabolizable nitrogen.
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Rudyk CA, McNeill J, Prowse N, Dwyer Z, Farmer K, Litteljohn D, Caldwell W, Hayley S. Age and Chronicity of Administration Dramatically Influenced the Impact of Low Dose Paraquat Exposure on Behavior and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:222. [PMID: 28769783 PMCID: PMC5509760 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the age-dependent and long-term consequences of low exposure levels of the herbicide and dopaminergic toxicant, paraquat. Thus, we assessed the dose-dependent effects of paraquat using a typical short-term (3 week) exposure procedure, followed by an assessment of the effects of chronic (16 weeks) exposure to a very low dose (1/10th of what previously induced dopaminergic neuronal damage). Short term paraquat treatment dose-dependently induced deficits in locomotion, sucrose preference and Y-maze performance. Chronic low dose paraquat treatment had a very different pattern of effects that were also dependent upon the age of the animal: in direct contrast to the short-term effects, chronic low dose paraquat increased sucrose consumption and reduced forced swim test (FST) immobility. Yet these effects were age-dependent, only emerging in mice older than 13 months. Likewise, Y-maze spontaneous alternations and home cage activity were dramatically altered as a function of age and paraquat chronicity. In both the short and long-term exposure studies, increased corticosterone and altered hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were induced by paraquat, but surprisingly these effects were blunted in the older mice. Thus, paraquat clearly acts as a systemic stressor in terms of corticoid signaling and behavioral outcomes, but that paradoxical effects may occur with: (a) repeated exposure at; (b) very low doses; and (c) older age. Collectively, these data raise the possibility that repeated “hits” with low doses of paraquat in combination with aging processes might have promoted compensatory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Rudyk
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica McNeill
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Natalie Prowse
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zach Dwyer
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle Farmer
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Darcy Litteljohn
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Warren Caldwell
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Hayley
- Hayley Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Carleton UniversityOttawa, ON, Canada
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Gales L, Amorim R, Afonso CMM, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Decreasing the toxicity of paraquat through the complexation with sodium salicylate: Stoichiometric analysis. Toxicology 2015; 336:96-8. [PMID: 26298007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Esperanza M, Cid Á, Herrero C, Rioboo C. Acute effects of a prooxidant herbicide on the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Screening cytotoxicity and genotoxicity endpoints. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 165:210-221. [PMID: 26117094 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since recent evidence has demonstrated that many types of chemicals exhibit oxidative and/or genotoxic potential on living organisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and DNA damage are currently the best accepted paradigms to assess the potential hazardous biological effects of a wide range of contaminants. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of different cytotoxicity and genotoxicity responses on the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to the prooxidant herbicide paraquat. In addition to the growth endpoint, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed as potential markers of cytotoxicity using flow cytometry (FCM). To study the effects of paraquat on C. reinhardtii DNA, several genotoxicity approaches were implemented for the first time in an ecotoxicological study on microalgae. Oxidative DNA base damage was analysed by measuring the oxidative DNA lesion 8-OHdG by FCM. DNA fragmentation was analysed by different methods: comet assay, and cell cycle analysis by FCM, with a particular focus on the presence of subG1-nuclei. Finally, effects on morphology of nuclei were monitored through DAPI staining. The evaluation of these endpoints showed that several physiological and biochemical parameters reacted to oxidative stress disturbances with greater sensitivity than integrative parameters such as growth rates or cell viability. The experiments revealed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (ROS formation, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane), genotoxicity (oxidative DNA damage, DNA strand breakage, alterations in nuclear morphology), and cell cycle disturbances (subG1-nuclei, decrease of 4N population) in paraquat-treated cells. Overall, the genotoxicity results indicate that the production of ROS caused by exposure to paraquat induces oxidative DNA damage followed by DNA single- and double-strand breaks and cell cycle alterations, possibly leading to apoptosis in C. reinhardtii cells. This is supported by the observation of typical hallmarks of apoptosis, such as mitochondrial membrane depolarization, alterations in nuclear morphology and subG1 nuclei in cells exposed to the highest assayed concentrations. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides a comprehensive analysis of oxidative DNA base damage in unicellular algal cells exposed to a prooxidant pollutant, as well as of its possible relation with other physiological effects. These results reinforce the need for additional studies on the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants on ecologically relevant organisms such as microalgae that can provide a promising basis for the characterization of potential pollutant hazards in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Esperanza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ángeles Cid
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Concepción Herrero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carmen Rioboo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus de A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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Yin Y, Zhang J, Song D. Effects of lysine aspirin on lung AQP5 expression and lymphocyte apoptosis in paraquat-poisoned rats. TOXIN REV 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2015.1015036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Baltazar MT, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Bastos MDL, Duarte JA, Carvalho F. Lysine acetylsalicylate improves the safety of paraquat formulation in rats by increasing its elimination and preventing lung and kidney injury. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014; 3:266. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50102g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
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