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Hansen BH, Tarrant AM, Lenz PH, Roncalli V, Almeda R, Broch OJ, Altin D, Tollefsen KE. Effects of petrogenic pollutants on North Atlantic and Arctic Calanus copepods: From molecular mechanisms to population impacts. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106825. [PMID: 38176169 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Oil and gas industries in the Northern Atlantic Ocean have gradually moved closer to the Arctic areas, a process expected to be further facilitated by sea ice withdrawal caused by global warming. Copepods of the genus Calanus hold a key position in these cold-water food webs, providing an important energetic link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Due to their ecological importance, there is a concern about how accidental oil spills and produced water discharges may impact cold-water copepods. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the toxicity of petroleum on North Atlantic and Arctic Calanus copepods. We also review how recent development of high-quality transcriptomes from RNA-sequencing of copepods have identified genes regulating key biological processes, like molting, diapause and reproduction in Calanus copepods, to suggest linkages between exposure, molecular mechanisms and effects on higher levels of biological organization. We found that the available ecotoxicity threshold data for these copepods provide valuable information about their sensitivity to acute petrogenic exposures; however, there is still insufficient knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms of toxicity and the potential for long-term implications of relevance for copepod ecology and phenology. Copepod transcriptomics has expanded our understanding of how key biological processes are regulated in cold-water copepods. These advances can improve our understanding of how pollutants affect biological processes, and thus provide the basis for new knowledge frameworks spanning the effect continuum from molecular initiating events to adverse effects of regulatory relevance. Such efforts, guided by concepts such as adverse outcome pathways (AOPs), enable standardized and transparent characterization and evaluation of knowledge and identifies research gaps and priorities. This review suggests enhancing mechanistic understanding of exposure-effect relationships to better understand and link biomarker responses to adverse effects to improve risk assessments assessing ecological effects of pollutant mixtures, like crude oil, in Arctic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann M Tarrant
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States
| | - Petra H Lenz
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo Almeda
- EOMAR-ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ole Jacob Broch
- SINTEF Ocean, Fisheries and New Biomarine Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dag Altin
- BioTrix, 7020 Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Research Infrastructure SeaLab, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), 0579 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-1433 Ås, Norway
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2
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Li Z, Cao Y, Qin H, Ma Y, Pan L, Sun J. Integration of chemical and biological methods: A case study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution monitoring in Shandong Peninsula, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 111:24-37. [PMID: 34949353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as persistent toxic substances (PTS), have been widely monitored in coastal environment, including seawater and sediment. However, scientific monitoring methods, like ecological risk assessment and integrated biomarker response, still need massive researches to verify their availabilities. This study was performed in March, May, August and October of 2018 at eight sites, Yellow River estuary (S1), Guangli Port (S2), Xiaying (S3), Laizhou (S4), Inner Bay (S5), Outer Bay (S6), Hongdao (S7) and Hongshiya (S8) of Shandong Peninsula, China. The contents of 16 priority PAHs in local seawater and sediment were determined, by which ecological risk assessment risk quotient (RQ) for seawater and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were calculated to characterize the PAHs pollution. Meanwhile, multiple biomarkers in the digestive gland of clam Ruditapes philippinarum were measured to represent different biological endpoints, including ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), sulfotransferase (SULT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), by which integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated to provide a comprehensive assessment of environmental quality. Taken together, these results revealed the heaviest pollution at S2 as both PAHs concentrations and biomarkers responses reflected, and supported the integrated biomarker response as a useful tool for marine environmental monitoring, through its integration with SQGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunhao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huawei Qin
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- Shandong Marine Resources and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Keitel-Gröner F, Bamber S, Bechmann RK, Lyng E, Gomiero A, Tronci V, Gharbi N, Engen F, Taban IC, Baussant T. Effects of chronic exposure to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil and in situ burn residue of oil on egg-bearing Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113013. [PMID: 34839140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill clean-up measures using in situ burning can potentially result in seafloor contamination affecting benthic organisms. To mimic realistic exposure and measure effects, ovigerous Northern shrimp were continuously exposed for two weeks to the water-soluble fraction of oil coated on gravel followed by two weeks in clean seawater. North Sea crude oil (NSC) and field generated in situ burn residue (ISBR) of NSC were used (Low: 3 g/kg gravel, Medium: 6 g/kg gravel and High: 12 g/kg gravel). The concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water resulting from NSC were higher compared to ISBR. No mortality was observed in any treatment and overall moderate sublethal effects were found, mostly after exposure to NSC. Feeding was temporarily reduced at higher concentrations of NSC. PAH levels in hepatopancreas tissue were significantly elevated following exposure and still significantly higher at the end of the experiment in NSCHigh and ISBRHigh compared to control. Mild inflammatory response reactions and tissue ultrastructural alterations in gill tissue were observed in both treatments. Signs of necrosis occurred in ISBRHigh. No change in shrimp locomotory activity was noted from NSC exposure. However, ISBR exposure increased activity temporarily. Larvae exposed as pleopod-attached embryos showed significant delay in development from stage I to stage II after exposure to NSCHigh. Based on this study, oil-contaminated seafloor resulting from in situ burning clean-up actions does not appear to cause serious effects on bottom-living shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaw Bamber
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Renée K Bechmann
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Emily Lyng
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Alessio Gomiero
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Valentina Tronci
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsgaten 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Naouel Gharbi
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsgaten 112, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Engen
- NOFO Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies, Vassbotnen 1, 4313 Sandnes, Norway
| | - Ingrid C Taban
- NOFO Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies, Vassbotnen 1, 4313 Sandnes, Norway
| | - Thierry Baussant
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway.
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Lofthus S, Bakke I, Greer CW, Brakstad OG. Biodegradation of weathered crude oil by microbial communities in solid and melted sea ice. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112823. [PMID: 34454387 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oil spilled in the Arctic may drift into ice-covered areas and become trapped until the ice melts. To determine if exposure to oil during freezing may have a priming effect on degradation of the oil, weathered dispersed oil (2-3 mg/L) was frozen into solid ice for 200 days at -10 °C, then melted and incubated for 64 days at 4 °C. No degradation was measured in oil frozen into ice prior to melting. Both total amount of oil and target compounds were biotransformed by the microbial community from the melted ice. However, oil released from melted ice was degraded at a slower rate than oil incubated in fresh seawater at the same temperature (4 °C), and by a different microbial community. These data suggest negligible biodegradation of oil frozen in sea ice, while oil-degrading bacteria surviving in the ice may contribute to biodegradation when the ice melts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synnøve Lofthus
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Trondheim, Norway; SINTEF Ocean AS, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ingrid Bakke
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Keitel-Gröner F, Bechmann RK, Engen F, Lyng E, Taban IC, Baussant T. Effects of crude oil and field-generated burned oil residue on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 168:105314. [PMID: 33839401 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ burning (ISB) is an oil spill clean-up option used by oil spill responders to mitigate impacts on the marine environment. Despite advantages such as high efficiency and potential applicability for challenging areas such as the Arctic, the actual environmental side effects are still uncertain. Acute and sublethal effects of the water accommodated fractions (WAFs from 25 g oil/L seawater) of a pre-weathered North Sea crude (Oseberg Blend 200 °C+) and field generated ISB residue were evaluated on Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae. The larvae were first exposed for 96 h to a serial dilution of seven concentrations, and then maintained for two weeks in clean seawater post-exposure. No acute (mortality) or sublethal effects (feeding, development, or growth) were detected in any of the ISB residue concentrations. Significant larvae mortality was found in the three highest concentrations of crude oil (96-h LC50:469 μg/L total petroleum hydrocarbon) but no sublethal effects were found in the surviving larvae post-exposure. This study indicates that applying ISB could mitigate acute impacts of spilled oil on shrimp larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renée K Bechmann
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072, Randaberg, Norway
| | - Frode Engen
- NOFO Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies, Vassbotnen 1, 4313, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Emily Lyng
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072, Randaberg, Norway
| | - Ingrid C Taban
- NOFO Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies, Vassbotnen 1, 4313, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Thierry Baussant
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072, Randaberg, Norway
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Keitel-Gröner F, Arnberg M, Bechmann RK, Lyng E, Baussant T. Dispersant application increases adverse long-term effects of oil on shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) after a six hour exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110892. [PMID: 32056658 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of chemical dispersants is one option of oil spill response (OSR). Here, Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) larvae were experimentally exposed for short periods (6 h and 1 h) to a realistic concentration of chemically dispersed oil (CDO) (~10 mg L-1 THC), mechanically dispersed oil (MDO) (~7 mg L-1 THC), and dispersant only (D). A control (C) with seawater served as reference. Short-term effects on survival and feeding were examined right after exposure and longer-term consequences on survival, feeding, growth and development following 30 days of recovery. Both exposure durations provoked long lasting effects on larval fitness, with 1 h exposure leading to minor effects on most of the selected endpoints. The 6 h exposure affected all endpoints with more adverse impacts after exposure to CDO. This study provides important data for assessing the best OSR option relevant to NEBA (Net Environmental Benefit Analysis).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maj Arnberg
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Renée K Bechmann
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Emily Lyng
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Thierry Baussant
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
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Pančić M, Köhler E, Paulsen ML, Toxværd K, Lacroix C, Le Floch S, Hjorth M, Nielsen TG. Effects of oil spill response technologies on marine microorganisms in the high Arctic. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 151:104785. [PMID: 31519452 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied how exposure to oil spill response technologies affect marine microorganisms during Arctic winter and spring. Microorganisms were exposed to chemically dispersed oil (DISP), in situ burnt oil (ISB), and natural attenuated oil (NATT) in mesocosms from February to May. We subsampled the mesocosms and studied the effects of oil in laboratory incubations as changes in biomass of the major functional groups: bacteria, heterotrophic-nanoflagellates, dinoflagellates, ciliates, pico- and nanophytoplankton, and diatoms over two 14-day periods. In winter, the majority of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remained encapsulated in the ice, and the low concentrations of PAHs in water led to minute changes in biomass of the investigated groups. In spring, however, when the PAHs were partially released from the melting ice, the biomass of many functional groups in DISP and NATT decreased significantly, while the changes in ISB were less pronounced. The overall biomass reduction, as observed in this study, could lead to a disrupted transfer of energy from the primary producers to the higher trophic levels in oil affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pančić
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Eva Köhler
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Neustadswall 30, 28199, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Maria Lund Paulsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53 A/B, 5020, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kirstine Toxværd
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Cowi Denmark, Department of Water & Nature, Parallelvej 2, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Camille Lacroix
- CEDRE, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, 29218, Brest Cedex 2, France.
| | | | - Morten Hjorth
- Cowi Denmark, Department of Water & Nature, Parallelvej 2, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Torkel Gissel Nielsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 202, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Bullock RJ, Perkins RA, Aggarwal S. In-situ burning with chemical herders for Arctic oil spill response: Meta-analysis and review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 675:705-716. [PMID: 31042623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With increased oil exploration and marine activity in the warming Arctic, there is an increased risk of future oil spills in the Arctic region. In-situ burning (ISB), along with the use of chemical herders (to thicken the slick of spilled oil) has emerged as a potentially viable oil-spill response technique for various Arctic scenarios. The purpose of this research review is to document the field use, research, and analysis regarding the use of ISB to address an offshore oil spill response in the Arctic, with a specific focus on the use of chemical herders to aid ISB in Arctic waters. The compilation of this work involved a systematic review of available experimental data, studies on actual spill-response events, and resulting recommendations on this topic. Both peer-reviewed and available gray literature from the early 1970s through 2018 were evaluated. Selection criteria centered on herders for use with ISBs, Arctic conditions as they relate to ISB, and operational windows of opportunity and environmental risk for this type of oil spill response. From the available literature, more than a hundred articles are referenced herein, and annotated summaries provided. There is general agreement that ISB should be classified as a viable response option for the Arctic offshore to be implemented as part of a multi-layered approach (ASTM 2014; Fritt-Rasmussen et al. 2017; NRC 2014; Rolandsen 2018). In addition, there continue to be gaps noted concerning the availability of monitoring/surveillance personnel and equipment, and logistical/safety considerations for working in the Arctic, as well as specific information on the fate and potential impact of herders and burn residue on Arctic receptors (NRC 2014; Nuka 2016; US-DOI and USGS 2011). This review provides background information for researchers, responders, decision-makers, communities, and is a resource when developing and approving an oil spill response plan or planning future research which includes the use of ISB and herders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Bullock
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States; EDS Division, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States.
| | - Robert A Perkins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States
| | - Srijan Aggarwal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States.
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Uttieri M, Nihongi A, Hinow P, Motschman J, Jiang H, Alcaraz M, Strickler JR. Copepod manipulation of oil droplet size distribution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:547. [PMID: 30679674 PMCID: PMC6346107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oil spills are one of the most dangerous sources of pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Owing to their pivotal position in the food web, pelagic copepods can provide crucial intermediary transferring oil between trophic levels. In this study we show that the calanoid Paracartia grani can actively modify the size-spectrum of oil droplets. Direct manipulation through the movement of the feeding appendages and egestion work in concert, splitting larger droplets (Ø = 16 µm) into smaller ones (Ø = 4–8 µm). The copepod-driven change in droplet size distribution can increase the availability of oil droplets to organisms feeding on smaller particles, sustaining the transfer of petrochemical compounds among different compartments. These results raise the curtain on complex small-scale interactions which can promote the understanding of oil spills fate in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Uttieri
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy. .,CoNISMa (National Interuniversity Consortium for Marine Sciences), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ai Nihongi
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Peter Hinow
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Jeffrey Motschman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Houshuo Jiang
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Miquel Alcaraz
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08015, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rudi Strickler
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
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Lemcke S, Holding J, Møller EF, Thyrring J, Gustavson K, Juul-Pedersen T, Sejr MK. Acute oil exposure reduces physiological process rates in Arctic phyto- and zooplankton. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:26-36. [PMID: 30460435 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arctic shipping and oil exploration are expected to increase, as sea ice extent is reduced. This enhances the risk for accidental oil spills throughout the Arctic, which emphasises the need to quantify potential consequences to the marine ecosystem and to evaluate risk and choose appropriate remediation methods. This study investigated the sensitivity of Arctic marine plankton to the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of heavy fuel oil. Arctic marine phytoplankton and copepods (Calanus finmarchicus) were exposed to three WAF concentrations corresponding to total hydrocarbon contents of 0.07 mg l-1, 0.28 mg l-1 and 0.55 mg l-1. Additionally, the potential phototoxic effects of exposing the WAF to sunlight, including the UV spectrum, were tested. The study determined sub-lethal effects of WAF exposure on rates of key ecosystem processes: primary production of phytoplankton and grazing (faecal pellet production) of copepods. Both phytoplankton and copepods responded negatively to WAF exposure. Biomass specific primary production was reduced by 6, 52 and 73% and faecal pellet production by 18, 51 and 86% with increasing WAF concentrations compared to controls. The phototoxic effect reduced primary production in the two highest WAF concentration treatments by 71 and 91%, respectively. This experiment contributes to the limited knowledge of acute sub-lethal effects of potential oil spills to the Arctic pelagic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Lemcke
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Johnna Holding
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Eva Friis Møller
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Marine Diversity and Experimental Ecology, Aarhus University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jakob Thyrring
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CV3 0ET, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Gustavson
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Environment, Aarhus University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Juul-Pedersen
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Greenland Climate Research Centre, PO Box 570, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Mikael K Sejr
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Marine Ecology, Aarhus University, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
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11
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Wang Q, Wu H, Lv F, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Gan N. A headspace sorptive extraction method with magnetic mesoporous titanium dioxide@covalent organic frameworks composite coating for selective determination of trace polychlorinated biphenyls in soils. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Toxværd K, Van Dinh K, Henriksen O, Hjorth M, Nielsen TG. Impact of Pyrene Exposure during Overwintering of the Arctic Copepod Calanus glacialis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10328-10336. [PMID: 30130096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While ongoing warming and sea ice decline threaten unique Arctic ecosystems, they improve the prospect of exploiting fossil fuels in the seafloor. Arctic Calanus copepods can accumulate oil compounds in the large lipid reserves that enable them to cope with highly seasonal food availability characteristic of the Arctic. While spending a significant part of their lives overwintering at depth, their vulnerability to oil contamination during winter remains unknown. We investigated effects of the hazardous crude oil component pyrene on overwintering Calanus glacialis, a key species in Arctic shelf areas. Females were exposed from December to March and then transferred to clean water and fed until April. We showed that long-term exposure during overwintering reduced survival and lipid mobilization in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations previously considered sublethal. After exposure, strong delayed effects were observed in lipid recovery, fecal pellet, and egg production. We showed that 50% lethal threshold concentrations were at least 300 times lower than expected, and that 50% effect thresholds for pellet and egg production were at least 10 times lower than previously documented. Our study provides novel insights to the effects of oil contamination during winter, which is essential to evaluate ecological impacts of Arctic oil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Toxværd
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet Building 201 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
- COWI Denmark , Department of Water & Nature , Parallelvej 2 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Khuong Van Dinh
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet Building 201 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Ole Henriksen
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet Building 201 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Morten Hjorth
- COWI Denmark , Department of Water & Nature , Parallelvej 2 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Torkel Gissel Nielsen
- Section for Oceans and Arctic, National Institute of Aquatic Resources , Technical University of Denmark , Kemitorvet Building 201 , 2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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