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Alencar MF, Pereira MT, De-Moraes MDR, Santiago SL, Passos VF. The effects of intrinsic and extrinsic acids on nanofilled and bulk fill resin composites: Roughness, surface hardness, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:202-207. [PMID: 31729109 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of extrinsic or intrinsic acids on nanofilled and bulk fill resin materials in vitro. A total of 90 disks were prepared using dental restorative material (Filtek Z350XT, GrandioSO, Filtek Bulk Fill, X-tra fil). Thirty disks of each material were sub-divided into three groups (n = 10) that were immersed for 7 days in deionized water (DW), 5% citric acid (CA-pH 2.1), or 0.1% hydrochloric acid (HCl-pH = 1.2). Surface hardness and roughness (stylus profilometer by Ra parameter) analysis were performed before and after immersion. Morphological changes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). All tested materials did not show significant differences in the effects of the DW, CA, or HCl solutions on surface roughness (p = .368). Likewise, the hardness loss was not affected by the solutions tested (p = .646), but there was a difference in the resin type (p = .002). Filtek Bulk Fill resin hardness was less affected, while Filtek Z350XT and GrandioSO presented the most hardness loss after 7 days of solution immersion. In terms of this experimental study, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanical properties (roughness and hardness surface) of nanofilled and bulk fill resin materials to resist erosion from extrinsic and intrinsic acids, therefore being potential candidates for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena F Alencar
- Doctor of Dental Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mirella T Pereira
- Doctor of Dental Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio L Santiago
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Ceara, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vanara F Passos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Ceara, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Menon LU, Varma RB, Kumaran P, Xavier AM, Govinda BS, Kumar JS. Efficacy of a Calcium Sucrose Phosphate Based Toothpaste in Elevating the Level of Calcium, Phosphate Ions in Saliva and Reducing Plaque: A Clinical Trial. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:151-157. [PMID: 29875552 PMCID: PMC5968674 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_562_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of “calcium sucrose phosphate” (CaSP) toothpaste (Enafix 5%) with ordinarily used calcium, phosphate-containing toothpaste in elevating the level of calcium, phosphate ions in saliva. Secondary aims were to evaluate substantivity and plaque-reducing ability of CaSP toothpaste. Materials and Methods: Thirty study participants of age group 6–13 years were divided into two groups: Group X (Control group) was made to continue brushing with their regularly used calcium, phosphate-containing toothpaste and Group Y (Test group) was allotted CaSP toothpaste. 1 ml of unstimulated saliva was periodically collected from both groups to determine any alteration in the salivary calcium, phosphate level. Parameters such as substantivity and plaque-reducing ability of CaSP toothpaste were also evaluated. Salivary mineral's intergroup comparison was evaluated by Student's t-test while its intragroup comparison along with the plaque amount variation in Group Y was evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Group Y showed an increase in the salivary calcium level though not statistically significant. The increase was pronounced in samples collected on day 1. Group Y showed a consistent level of calcium, phosphate in samples collected immediately and 6 h postbrushing, indicating its substantivity. In addition, Group Y had an impact in reducing the plaque level when the 1st-month plaque score was compared with the 12th-month score. Conclusion: CaSP leads to an increase in the salivary calcium level though it was not statistically significant. Supervised brushing and dietary habits showed a positive effect on both the groups. CaSP toothpaste also showed substantivity and plaque-reducing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Unnikrishnan Menon
- Department of Pedodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - R Balagopal Varma
- Department of Pedodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Parvathy Kumaran
- Department of Pedodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Arun Mamachan Xavier
- Department of Pedodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Bhat Sangeetha Govinda
- Department of Pedodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - J Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Passos VF, Rodrigues LKA, Santiago SL. The effect of magnesium hydroxide-containing dentifrice using an extrinsic and intrinsic erosion cycling model. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 86:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Ablal MA, Milosevic A, Preston AJ, Higham SM. A novel approach to study in situ enamel erosion and abrasion lesions. J Dent 2017; 59:78-85. [PMID: 28232081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated previous hypotheses that the tongue can abrade acid softened/eroded enamel surfaces. METHODS Twelve upper removable appliances each retaining 2 anterior and 2 posterior human enamel specimens were constructed. Each specimen was exposed to acid on both surfaces, but only one surface was allowed contact with the tongue. Therefore, 96 surfaces were assessed. Appliances were worn from 9.30 to 17.00 Monday to Friday for 22days. Acid eroded lesions were created by immersing the specimens for 5min in 50ml orange juice three times daily. Enamel loss was measured using Quantitative light- induced fluorescence (QLF) and Non- contact profilometry (NCLP) and the differences (D) between tongue (Dt) and palate facing (DP) surfaces determined. RESULTS %ΔFD(t-p) from the two anterior specimens were greater than from those placed posteriorly with mean values of 15.9% (±9.1) and 14.4% (±8.4), 5.6% (±8.7) and 4.5% (±6.6) respectively. Similarly, NCLP data showed anterior specimens had greater differences for mean step height (MSH) between tongue- facing and the palate- facing (control) surfaces than posterior specimens. MSHD(t-p) values were 59.4μm (±30.3) for anterior tongue facing surfaces and 55.5μm (±29.4) for posterior palate facing surfaces. For the posterior specimens MSH was 48.1μm (±26.1) and 51.7μm (±30.4) respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The greater enamel surface loss of the anterior specimens demonstrates that abrasion by the tongue on acid softened/eroded enamel in situ is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Ablal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK.
| | - A Milosevic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - A J Preston
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - S M Higham
- Department of Health Services Research/School of Dentistry, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, UK
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Zhang F, Allen AJ, Levine LE, Vaudin MD, Skrtic D, Antonucci JM, Hoffman KM, Giuseppetti AA, Ilavsky J. Structural and dynamical studies of acid-mediated conversion in amorphous-calcium-phosphate based dental composites. Dent Mater 2014; 30:1113-25. [PMID: 25082155 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the complex structural and dynamical conversion process of the amorphous-calcium-phosphate (ACP)-to-apatite transition in ACP based dental composite materials. METHODS Composite disks were prepared using zirconia hybridized ACP fillers (0.4 mass fraction) and photo-activated Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin (0.6 mass fraction). We performed an investigation of the solution-mediated ACP-to-apatite conversion mechanism in controlled acidic aqueous environment with in situ ultra-small angle X-ray scattering based coherent X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and ex situ X-ray diffraction, as well as other complementary techniques. RESULTS We established that the ACP-to-apatite conversion in ACP composites is a two-step process, owing to the sensitivity to local structural changes provided by coherent X-rays. Initially, ACP undergoes a local microstructural rearrangement without losing its amorphous character. We established the catalytic role of the acid and found the time scale of this rearrangement strongly depends on the pH of the solution, which agrees with previous findings about ACP without the polymer matrix being present. In the second step, ACP is converted to an apatitic form with the crystallinity of the formed crystallites being poor. Separately, we also confirmed that in the regular Zr-modified ACP the rate of ACP conversion to hydroxyapatite is slowed significantly compared to unmodified ACP, which is beneficial for targeted slow release of functional calcium and phosphate ions from dental composite materials. SIGNIFICANCE For the first time, we were able to follow the complete solution-mediated transition process from ACP to apatite in this class of dental composites in a controlled aqueous environment. A two-step process, suggested previously, was conclusively identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Andrew J Allen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lyle E Levine
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mark D Vaudin
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Drago Skrtic
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Joseph M Antonucci
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hoffman
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Anthony A Giuseppetti
- Volpe Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Hellwig E, Lussi A, Goetz F. Influence of Human Saliva on the Development of Artificial Erosions. Caries Res 2013; 47:553-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000351634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Blacker SM, Creanor SL, Creanor S. Anin vitroinvestigation of the initial ph and titratable acidity of a selection of fruit smoothies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 38:604-6, 608-9. [DOI: 10.12968/denu.2011.38.9.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Blacker
- Clinical Lecturer/Honorary Specialist Registrar in Restorative Dentistry, Level 9, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, Park Place, Dundee DD1 4SY
| | - Stephen L Creanor
- Professor of Oral Sciences and Director of Undergraduate Dental Studies, Peninsula Dental School, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Plymouth, Room C407, Portland Square, Plymouth PL4 8AA
| | - Siobhan Creanor
- Lecturer in Health Statistics, Centre for Health and Environmental Statistics, Room 301, ITTC Building, Tamar Science Park, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8BX
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