1
|
Wilke SK, Al-Rubkhi A, Koyama C, Ishikawa T, Oda H, Topper B, Tsekrekas EM, Möncke D, Alderman OLG, Menon V, Rafferty J, Clark E, Kastengren AL, Benmore CJ, Ilavsky J, Neuefeind J, Kohara S, SanSoucie M, Phillips B, Weber R. Microgravity effects on nonequilibrium melt processing of neodymium titanate: thermophysical properties, atomic structure, glass formation and crystallization. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:26. [PMID: 38448495 PMCID: PMC10918169 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationships between materials processing and structure can vary between terrestrial and reduced gravity environments. As one case study, we compare the nonequilibrium melt processing of a rare-earth titanate, nominally 83TiO2-17Nd2O3, and the structure of its glassy and crystalline products. Density and thermal expansion for the liquid, supercooled liquid, and glass are measured over 300-1850 °C using the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) in microgravity, and two replicate density measurements were reproducible to within 0.4%. Cooling rates in ELF are 40-110 °C s-1 lower than those in a terrestrial aerodynamic levitator due to the absence of forced convection. X-ray/neutron total scattering and Raman spectroscopy indicate that glasses processed on Earth and in microgravity exhibit similar atomic structures, with only subtle differences that are consistent with compositional variations of ~2 mol. % Nd2O3. The glass atomic network contains a mixture of corner- and edge-sharing Ti-O polyhedra, and the fraction of edge-sharing arrangements decreases with increasing Nd2O3 content. X-ray tomography and electron microscopy of crystalline products reveal substantial differences in microstructure, grain size, and crystalline phases, which arise from differences in the melt processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Wilke
- Materials Development, Inc., Evanston, IL, 60202, USA.
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Hirohisa Oda
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Brian Topper
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Tsekrekas
- Inamori School of Engineering at the New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, 14802, USA
| | - Doris Möncke
- Inamori School of Engineering at the New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, NY, 14802, USA
| | - Oliver L G Alderman
- ISIS Neutron & Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | | | - Emma Clark
- Materials Development, Inc., Evanston, IL, 60202, USA
| | - Alan L Kastengren
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Chris J Benmore
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jörg Neuefeind
- Neutron Science Division, Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Shinji Kohara
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | - Richard Weber
- Materials Development, Inc., Evanston, IL, 60202, USA
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vargo E, Ma L, Li H, Zhang Q, Kwon J, Evans KM, Tang X, Tovmasyan VL, Jan J, Arias AC, Destaillats H, Kuzmenko I, Ilavsky J, Chen WR, Heller W, Ritchie RO, Liu Y, Xu T. Functional composites by programming entropy-driven nanosheet growth. Nature 2023; 623:724-731. [PMID: 37938779 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials must be systematically designed to be technologically viable1-5. Driven by optimizing intermolecular interactions, current designs are too rigid to plug in new chemical functionalities and cannot mitigate condition differences during integration6,7. Despite extensive optimization of building blocks and treatments, accessing nanostructures with the required feature sizes and chemistries is difficult. Programming their growth across the nano-to-macro hierarchy also remains challenging, if not impossible8-13. To address these limitations, we should shift to entropy-driven assemblies to gain design flexibility, as seen in high-entropy alloys, and program nanomaterial growth to kinetically match target feature sizes to the mobility of the system during processing14-17. Here, following a micro-then-nano growth sequence in ternary composite blends composed of block-copolymer-based supramolecules, small molecules and nanoparticles, we successfully fabricate high-performance barrier materials composed of more than 200 stacked nanosheets (125 nm sheet thickness) with a defect density less than 0.056 µm-2 and about 98% efficiency in controlling the defect type. Contrary to common perception, polymer-chain entanglements are advantageous to realize long-range order, accelerate the fabrication process (<30 min) and satisfy specific requirements to advance multilayered film technology3,4,18. This study showcases the feasibility, necessity and unlimited opportunities to transform laboratory nanoscience into nanotechnology through systems engineering of self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Vargo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Le Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - He Li
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Junpyo Kwon
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Katherine M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Victoria L Tovmasyan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Jan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ana C Arias
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Wei-Ren Chen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - William Heller
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong H, Patino DU, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Peña-Alcántara AE, Zhu C, Coffey AH, Michalek L, Elabd A, Gao X, Chen S, Xu C, Yan H, Jiang Y, Wang W, Peng Y, Zeng Y, Lyu H, Moon H, Bao Z. Tunable 1D and 2D Polyacrylonitrile Nanosheet Superstructures. ACS Nano 2023; 17:18392-18401. [PMID: 37668312 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon superstructures are widely applied in energy and environment-related areas. Among them, the flower-like polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-derived carbon materials have shown great promise due to their high surface area, large pore volume, and improved mass transport. In this work, we report a versatile and straightforward method for synthesizing one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured fibers and two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured thin films based on flower-like PAN chemistry by taking advantage of the nucleation and growth behavior of PAN. The resulting nanofibers and thin films exhibited distinct morphologies with intersecting PAN nanosheets, which formed through rapid nucleation on existing PAN. We further constructed a variety of hierarchical PAN superstructures based on different templates, solvents, and concentrations. These PAN nanosheet superstructures can be readily converted to carbon superstructures. As a demonstration, the nanostructured thin film exhibited a contact angle of ∼180° after surface modification with fluoroalkyl monolayers, which is attributed to high surface roughness enabled by the nanosheet assemblies. This study offers a strategy for the synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Diego Uruchurtu Patino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aidan H Coffey
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ahmed Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shucheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chengyi Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yucan Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hao Lyu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hanul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abitaev K, Atanasova P, Bill J, Preisig N, Kuzmenko I, Ilavsky J, Liu Y, Sottmann T. In Situ Ultra-Small- and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of ZnO Nanoparticle Formation and Growth through Chemical Bath Deposition in the Presence of Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2180. [PMID: 37570497 PMCID: PMC10421471 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ZnO inverse opals combine the outstanding properties of the semiconductor ZnO with the high surface area of the open-porous framework, making them valuable photonic and catalysis support materials. One route to produce inverse opals is to mineralize the voids of close-packed polymer nanoparticle templates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) using a ZnO precursor solution, followed by template removal. To ensure synthesis control, the formation and growth of ZnO nanoparticles in a precursor solution containing the organic additive polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was investigated by in situ ultra-small- and small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS/SAXS). Before that, we studied the precursor solution by in-house SAXS at T = 25 °C, revealing the presence of a PVP network with semiflexible chain behavior. Heating the precursor solution to 58 °C or 63 °C initiates the formation of small ZnO nanoparticles that cluster together, as shown by complementary transmission electron microscopy images (TEM) taken after synthesis. The underlying kinetics of this process could be deciphered by quantitatively analyzing the USAXS/SAXS data considering the scattering contributions of particles, clusters, and the PVP network. A nearly quantitative description of both the nucleation and growth period could be achieved using the two-step Finke-Watzky model with slow, continuous nucleation followed by autocatalytic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Abitaev
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (K.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Petia Atanasova
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (P.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (P.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Natalie Preisig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (K.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; (I.K.); (J.I.)
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; (I.K.); (J.I.)
| | - Yun Liu
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Thomas Sottmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; (K.A.); (N.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Q, Hu Q, Zhao C, Wang Y, Zhang T, Ilavsky J, Sun M, Zhang L, Shu Y. Sample Size Effects on Petrophysical Characterization and Fluid-to-Pore Accessibility of Natural Rocks. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13101651. [PMID: 37242067 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory-scale analysis of natural rocks provides petrophysical properties such as density, porosity, pore diameter/pore-throat diameter distribution, and fluid accessibility, in addition to the size and shape of framework grains and their contact relationship with the rock matrix. Different types of laboratory approaches for petrophysical characterization involve the use of a range of sample sizes. While the sample sizes selected should aim to be representative of the rock body, there are inherent limitations imposed by the analytical principles and holding capacities of the different experimental apparatuses, with many instruments only able to accept samples at the μm-mm scale. Therefore, a total of nine (three limestones, three shales, two sandstones, and one dolomite) samples were collected from Texas to fill the knowledge gap of the sample size effect on the resultant petrophysical characteristics. The sample sizes ranged from 3 cm cubes to <75 μm particles. Using a combination of petrographic microscopy, helium expansion pycnometry, water immersion porosimetry, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and (ultra-) small-angle X-ray scattering, the impact of sample size on the petrophysical properties of these samples was systematically investigated here. The results suggest that the sample size effect is influenced by both pore structure changes during crushing and sample size-dependent fluid-to-pore connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Qinhong Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Mengdi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development, Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Linhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Petroleum Exploration and Development, Jianghan Oilfield Branch Company, Sinopec, Wuhan 430223, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weber J, Starchenko V, Ilavsky J, Allard LF, Mata J, Debeer-Schmitt L, Cooke CG, Littrell K, He L, Zhang R, Stack AG, Anovitz LM. Grain boundary widening controls siderite (FeCO 3) replacement of limestone (CaCO 3). Sci Rep 2023; 13:4581. [PMID: 36941285 PMCID: PMC10027894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of minerals and rocks can significantly alter reaction rates. This study focuses on identifying transport paths in low porosity rocks based on the hypothesis that grain boundary widening accelerates reactions in which one mineral is replaced by another (replacement reaction). We conducted a time series of replacement experiments of three limestones (CaCO3) of different microstructures and solid impurity contents using FeCl2. Reacted solids were analyzed using chemical imaging, small angle X-ray and neutron scattering and Raman spectroscopy. In high porosity limestones replacement is reaction controlled and complete replacement was observed within 2 days. In low porosity limestones that contain 1-2% dolomite impurities and are dominated by grain boundaries, a reaction rim was observed whose width did not change with reaction time. Siderite (FeCO3) nucleation was observed in all parts of the rock cores indicating the percolation of the solution throughout the complete core. Dolomite impurities were identified to act as nucleation sites leading to growth of crystals that exert force on the CaCO3 grains. Widening of grain boundaries beyond what is expected based on dissolution and thermal grain expansion was observed in the low porosity marble containing dolomite impurities. This leads to a self-perpetuating cycle of grain boundary widening and reaction acceleration instead of reaction front propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MS 6110, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Bldg. 4100, Rm. C348, MS-6110, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6110, USA.
| | - Vitalii Starchenko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MS 6110, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | | | - Lawrence F Allard
- Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37820, USA
| | - Jitendra Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | | | | | - Ken Littrell
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Lilin He
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MS 6110, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Andrew G Stack
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MS 6110, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Lawrence M Anovitz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MS 6110, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sicher A, Whitfield R, Ilavsky J, Saranathan V, Anastasaki A, Dufresne ER. ATRP Enhances Structural Correlations In Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217683. [PMID: 36802062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic methods to control the structure of materials at sub-micron scales are typically based on the self-assembly of structural building blocks with precise size and morphology. On the other hand, many living systems can generate structure across a broad range of length scales in one step directly from macromolecules, using phase separation. Here, we introduce and control structure at the nano- and microscales through polymerization in the solid state, which has the unusual capability of both triggering and arresting phase separation. In particular, we show that atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) enables control of nucleation, growth, and stabilization of phase-separated poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) domains in a solid polystyrene (PS) matrix. ATRP yields durable nanostructures with low size dispersity and high degrees of structural correlations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the length scale of these materials is controlled by the synthesis parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sicher
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - Vinodkumar Saranathan
- Division of Sciences, School of Interwoven Arts and Sciences, Krea University, 5655, Central Expressway, Sri City, Andhra Pradesh, 517646, India
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric R Dufresne
- Laboratory for Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5/10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sicher A, Whitfield R, Ilavsky J, Saranathan V, Anastasaki A, Dufresne ER. ATRP enhances structural correlations in polymerization‐induced phase separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202217683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sicher
- ETH Zurich Department of Materials: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement fur Materialwissenschaft Department of Materials SWITZERLAND
| | - Richard Whitfield
- ETH Zurich Department of Materials: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement fur Materialwissenschaft Department of Materials SWITZERLAND
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Argonne National Laboratory X-ray Science Division UNITED STATES
| | | | - Athina Anastasaki
- ETH Zurich Department of Materials: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement fur Materialwissenschaft Department of Materials SWITZERLAND
| | - Eric R. Dufresne
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zürich SWITZERLAND
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smith KR, Ilavsky J, Hixon AE. Crystallization of a Neptunyl Oxalate Hydrate from Solutions Containing Np V and the Uranyl Peroxide Nanocluster U 60 Ox 30. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203814. [PMID: 36598408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Uranyl peroxide nanoclusters are an evolving family of materials with potential applications throughout the nuclear fuel cycle. While several studies have investigated their interactions with alkali and alkaline earth metals, no studies have probed their interactions with the actinide elements. This work describes a system containing U60 Ox30 , [((UO2 )(O2 ))60 (C2 O4 )30 ]60- , and neptunium(V) as a function of neptunium concentration. Ultra-small and small angle X-ray scattering were used to observe these interactions in the aqueous phase, and X-ray diffraction was used to observe solid products. The results show that neptunium induces aggregation of U60 Ox30 when the neptunium concentration is≤10 mM, whereas (NpO2 )2 C2 O4 ⋅ 6H2 O(cr) and studtite ultimately form at 15-25 mM neptunium. The latter result suggests that neptunium coordinates with the bridging oxalate ligands in U60 Ox30 , leaving metastable uranyl peroxide species in solution. This is an important finding given the potential application of uranyl peroxide nanoclusters in the recycling of used nuclear fuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyson R Smith
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Amy E Hixon
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Veigel D, Rishi K, Okoli U, Beaucage G, Galloway JA, Campanelli H, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Fickenscher M. Comparison of nanocomposite dispersion and distribution for several melt mixers. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
11
|
Wilke SK, Benmore CJ, Ilavsky J, Youngman RE, Rezikyan A, Carson MP, Menon V, Weber R. Phase separation in mullite-composition glass. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17687. [PMID: 36271024 PMCID: PMC9587060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminosilicates (AS) are ubiquitous in ceramics, geology, and planetary science, and their glassy forms underpin vital technologies used in displays, waveguides, and lasers. In spite of this, the nonequilibrium behavior of the prototypical AS compound, mullite (40SiO2-60Al2O3, or AS60), is not well understood. By deeply supercooling mullite-composition liquid via aerodynamic levitation, we observe metastable liquid–liquid unmixing that yields a transparent two-phase glass, comprising a nanoscale mixture of AS7 and AS62. Extrapolations from X-ray scattering measurements show the AS7 phase is similar to vitreous SiO2 with a few Al species substituted for Si. The AS62 phase is built from a highly polymerized network of 4-, 5-, and 6-coordinated AlOx polyhedra. Polymerization of the AS62 network and the composite morphology provide essential mechanisms for toughening the glass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen K Wilke
- Materials Development, Inc., Evanston, IL, 60202, USA. .,X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Chris J Benmore
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Randall E Youngman
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | - Aram Rezikyan
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | - Michael P Carson
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, USA
| | | | - Richard Weber
- Materials Development, Inc., Evanston, IL, 60202, USA.,X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gong H, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Chen S, Yan H, Cooper CB, Chen G, Chen Y, Chiong JA, Jiang Y, Lai JC, Zheng Y, Stone KH, Huelsenbeck L, Giri G, Tok JBH, Bao Z. Formation Mechanism of Flower-like Polyacrylonitrile Particles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17576-17587. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shucheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Christopher B. Cooper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuelang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jerika A. Chiong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kevin H. Stone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Luke Huelsenbeck
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Gaurav Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Jeffrey B.-H. Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I. Beyond microns – next-generation USAXS instrument at upgraded APS. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322099855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
14
|
Drdova S, Giannakou M, Jiang F, Lin L, Sivaraman D, Toth R, Graule T, Braun A, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Wang J. Aerosol-Assisted Deposition for TiO2 Immobilization on Photocatalytic Fibrous Filters for VOC Degradation. Front Chem 2022; 10:887431. [PMID: 35646823 PMCID: PMC9130724 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.887431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomization and spraying are well-established methods for the production of submicrometer- and micrometer- sized powders. In addition, they could be of interest to the immobilization of photocatalytic nanoparticles onto supports because they enable the formation of microporous films with photocatalytic activity. Here, we provide a comparison of aerosol-assisted immobilization methods, such as spray-drying (SD), spray atomization (SA), and spray gun (SG), which were used for the deposition of TiO2 dispersions onto fibrous filter media. The morphology, microstructure, and electronic properties of the structures with deposited TiO2 were characterized by SEM and TEM, BET and USAXS, and UV-Vis spectrometry, respectively. The photocatalytic performances of the functionalized filters were evaluated and compared to the benchmark dip-coating method. Our results showed that the SG and SA immobilization methods led to the best photocatalytic and operational performance for the degradation of toluene, whereas the SD method showed the lowest degradation efficiency and poor stability of coating. We demonstrated that TiO2 sprays using the SG and SA methods with direct deposition onto filter media involving dispersed colloidal droplets revealed to be promising alternatives to the dip-coating method owing to the ability to uniformly cover the filter fibers. In addition, the SA method allowed for fast and simple control of the coating thickness as the dispersed particles were continuously directed onto the filter media without the need for repetitive coatings, which is common for the SG and dip-coating methods. Our study highlighted the importance of the proper immobilization method for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Drdova
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Giannakou
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Fuze Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Luchan Lin
- Laboratory for Joining Technologies and Corrosion, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Deeptanshu Sivaraman
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rita Toth
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Graule
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Artur Braun
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jing Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen D, Kuzmenko I, Ilavsky J, Pinho L, Campanella O. Structural evolution during gelation of pea and whey proteins envisaged by time-resolved ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS). Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
16
|
Chen D, Pinho LS, Federici E, Zuo X, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Yang Z, Jones OG, Campanella O. Heat accelerates degradation of β-lactoglobulin fibrils at neutral pH. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
Effectively recovering phosphate from wastewater streams and reutilizing it as a nutrient will critically support sustainability. Here, to capture aqueous phosphate, we developed novel mineral-hydrogel composites composed of calcium alginate, calcium phosphate (CaP), and calcium silicate (CSH) (CaP + CSH/Ca-Alg). The CaP + CSH/Ca-Alg composites were synthesized by dripping a sodium alginate (Na-Alg) solution with ionic precursors into a calcium chloride bath. To change the mineral seed's properties, we varied the calcium bath concentrations and the ionic precursor (sodium dibasic phosphate (NaH2PO4) and/or sodium silicate (Na2SiO3)) amounts and their ratios. The added CSH in the mineral-hydrogel composites resulted in the release of calcium and silicate ions in phosphate-rich solutions, increasing the saturation ratio with respect to calcium phosphate within the mineral-hydrogel composites. The CSH addition to the mineral-hydrogel composites doubled the phosphate removal rate while requiring lesser initial amounts of Ca and P materials for synthesis. By incorporating both CSH and CaP mineral seeds in composites, we achieved a final concentration of 0.25 mg-P/L from an initial 6.20 mg-P/L. Moreover, the mineral-hydrogel composites can remove phosphate even under CaP undersaturated conditions. This suggests their potential to be a widely applicable and environmentally-sustainable treatment and recovery method for nutrient-rich wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albern X. Tan
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth Michalski
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Labs, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma L, Huang H, Vargo E, Huang J, Anderson CL, Chen T, Kuzmenko I, Ilavsky J, Wang C, Liu Y, Ercius P, Alexander-Katz A, Xu T. Diversifying Composition Leads to Hierarchical Composites with Design Flexibility and Structural Fidelity. ACS Nano 2021; 15:14095-14104. [PMID: 34324313 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in the self-assembly of nanostructures, present successes heavily rely on precision in building block design, composition, and pair interactions. These requirements fundamentally limit our ability to synthesize macroscopic materials where the likelihood of impurity inclusion escalates and, more importantly, to access molecular-to-nanoscopic-to-microscopic-to-macroscopic hierarchies, since the types and compositions of building blocks vary at each stage. Inspired by biological blends and high-entropy alloys, we hypothesize that diversifying the blend's composition can overcome these limitations. Increasing the number of components increases mixing entropy, leading to the dispersion of different components and, as a result, enhances interphase miscibility, weakens the dependence on specific pair interactions, and enables long-range cooperativity. This hypothesis is validated in complex blends containing small molecules, block copolymer-based supramolecules, and nanoparticles/colloidal particles. Hierarchically structured composites can be obtained with formulation flexibility in the filler selection and blend composition. It is worth noting that, by adding small molecules, we can solve the size constraint that plagues traditional block copolymer/nanoparticle blends. Detailed characterization and simulation further confirm that each component is distributed to locally mediate unfavorable interactions, cooperatively mitigate composition fluctuations, and retain structural fidelity. Furthermore, the blends have sufficient mobility to access tunable microstructures without compromising the order of the nanostructure. Besides establishing a kinetically viable pathway to release current constraints in the composite design and to navigate uncertainties during structure formation over multiple length scales, the present study demonstrates that entropy-driven behaviors can be realized in systems beyond high-entropy alloys despite inherent differences between metal alloys and organic/inorganic hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hejin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emma Vargo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tiffany Chen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hammons JA, Besford QA, Ilavsky J, Christofferson AJ. Manipulating meso-scale solvent structure from Pd nanoparticle deposits in deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:074505. [PMID: 34418930 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are complex solutions that present unique challenges compared to traditional solvents. Unlike most aqueous electrolytes and ionic liquids, DESs have delicate hydrogen bond networks that are responsible for their highly sensitive compositional dependence on the melting point. Prior work has demonstrated a unique nanoscale structure both experimentally and theoretically that brings both challenges and opportunities to their adoption in traditional electrochemical processes. In this study, we use in situ sample-rotated ultra-small angle x-ray scattering to resolve the near-interface solvent structure after electrodepositing Pd nanoparticles onto a glassy carbon electrode in choline chloride:urea and choline chloride:ethylene glycol DESs. Our results indicate that a hierarchical solvent structure can be observed on the meso-scale in the choline chloride:urea and choline chloride:ethylene glycol systems. Importantly, this extended solvent structure increases between -0.3 V and -0.5 V (vs Ag/AgCl) and remains high until -0.9 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Experimentally, the nature of this structure is more pronounced in the ethylene glycol system, as evidenced by both the x-ray scattering and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations and dipolar orientation analysis reveal that chloride delocalization near the Pd interface and long-range interactions between the choline and each hydrogen bond donor (HBD) are very different and qualitatively consistent with the experimental data. These results show how the long-range solvent-deposit interactions can be tuned by changing the HBD in the DES and the applied potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hammons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Quinn A Besford
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gong Q, Li C, Liu Y, Ilavsky J, Guo F, Cheng X, Xie J. Effects of Ink Formulation on Construction of Catalyst Layers for High-Performance Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:37004-37013. [PMID: 34323080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of catalyst layers in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is crucial for achieving high-performance polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Establishing a clear understanding of the property (catalyst ink)-structure (catalyst layer)-performance (MEA) relationship lays the foundation for this rational design. In this work, a synergistic approach was taken to correlate the ink formulation, the microstructure of catalyst layers, and the resulting MEA performance to establish such a property-structure-performance relationship. The solvent composition (n-PA/H2O mixtures) demonstrated a strong influence on the performance of the MEA fabricated with an 830-EW (Aquivion) ionomer, especially polarization losses of cell activation and mass transport. The performance differences were studied in terms of how the solvent composition affects the catalyst/ionomer interface, ionomer network, and pore structure of the resulting catalyst layers. The ionomer aggregates mainly covered the surface of catalyst aggregates acting as oxygen reduction reaction active sites, and the aggregate sizes of the ionomer and catalyst (revealed by ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy) were dictated by tuning the solvent composition, which in turn determined the catalyst/ionomer interface (available active sites). In n-PA/H2O mixtures with 50∼90 wt % H2O, the catalyst agglomerates could be effectively broken up into small aggregates, leading to enhanced kinetic activities. The boiling point of the mixed solvents determined the pore structure of ultimate catalyst layers, as evidenced by mercury porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy. For mixed solvents with a higher boiling point, the catalyst-ionomer aggregates in the ink tend to agglomerate during the solvent evaporation process and finally form larger catalyst-ionomer aggregates in the ultimate catalyst layer, resulting in more secondary pores and thus lower mass transport resistance. Both the enlarged catalyst/ionomer interface and appropriate pore structure were achieved with the catalyst layer fabricated from an n-PA/H2O mixture with 90 wt % H2O, leading to the best MEA performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chenzhao Li
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-8665, United States
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Unni M, Savliwala S, Partain BD, Maldonado-Camargo L, Zhang Q, Narayanan S, Dufresne EM, Ilavsky J, Grybos P, Koziol A, Maj P, Szczygiel R, Allen KD, Rinaldi-Ramos CM. Fast nanoparticle rotational and translational diffusion in synovial fluid and hyaluronic acid solutions. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabf8467. [PMID: 34193423 PMCID: PMC8245030 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are under investigation as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis. However, there is incomplete understanding of nanoparticle diffusion in synovial fluid, the fluid inside the joint, which consists of a mixture of the polyelectrolyte hyaluronic acid, proteins, and other components. Here, we show that rotational and translational diffusion of polymer-coated nanoparticles in quiescent synovial fluid and in hyaluronic acid solutions is well described by the Stokes-Einstein relationship, albeit with an effective medium viscosity that is much smaller than the macroscopic low shear viscosity of the fluid. This effective medium viscosity is well described by an equation for the viscosity of dilute polymer chains, where the additional viscous dissipation arises because of the presence of the polymer segments. These results shed light on the diffusive behavior of polymer-coated inorganic nanoparticles in complex and crowded biological environments, such as in the joint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mythreyi Unni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shehaab Savliwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brittany D Partain
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Pawel Grybos
- AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - Anna Koziol
- AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - Piotr Maj
- AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - Robert Szczygiel
- AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Carlos M Rinaldi-Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pauw BR, Smith AJ, Snow T, Shebanova O, Sutter JP, Ilavsky J, Hermida-Merino D, Smales GJ, Terrill NJ, Thünemann AF, Bras W. Extending synchrotron SAXS instrument ranges through addition of a portable, inexpensive USAXS module with vertical rotation axes. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:824-833. [PMID: 33949990 PMCID: PMC8127376 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521003313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-SAXS can enhance the capabilities of existing synchrotron SAXS/WAXS beamlines. A compact ultra-SAXS module has been developed, which extends the measurable q-range with 0.0015 ≤ q (nm-1) ≤ 0.2, allowing structural dimensions in the range 30 ≤ D (nm) ≤ 4000 to be probed in addition to the range covered by a high-end SAXS/WAXS instrument. By shifting the module components in and out on their respective motor stages, SAXS/WAXS measurements can be easily and rapidly interleaved with USAXS measurements. The use of vertical crystal rotation axes (horizontal diffraction) greatly simplifies the construction, at minimal cost to efficiency. In this paper, the design considerations, realization and synchrotron findings are presented. Measurements of silica spheres, an alumina membrane, and a porous carbon catalyst are provided as application examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Snow
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Sutter
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Dutch–Belgian Beamlines at the ESRF, Grenoble, France
| | - Glen J. Smales
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Wim Bras
- Chemical Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen D, Zhu X, Ilavsky J, Whitmer T, Hatzakis E, Jones OG, Campanella OH. Polyphenols Weaken Pea Protein Gel by Formation of Large Aggregates with Diminished Noncovalent Interactions. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1001-1014. [PMID: 33494594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are well-known native cross-linkers and gel strengthening agents for many animal proteins. However, their role in modifying plant protein gels remains unclear. In this study, multiple techniques were applied to unravel the influence of green tea polyphenols (GTP) on pea protein gels and the underlying mechanisms. We found that the elasticity and viscosity of pea protein gels decreased with increased GTP. The protein backbone became less rigid when GTP was present based on shortened T1ρH in relaxation solid-state NMR measurements. Electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering showed that gels weakened by GTP possessed disrupted networks with the presence of large protein aggregates. Solvent extraction and molecular dynamic simulation revealed a reduction in hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds among proteins in gels containing GTP. The current findings may be applicable to other plant proteins for greater control of gel structures in the presence of polyphenols, expanding their utilization in food and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Research Computing, Information Technology at Purdue (ITaP), Purdue University, 155 South Grant Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tanya Whitmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Owen G Jones
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Dr, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Osvaldo H Campanella
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang F, Ilavsky J, Lindwall G, Stoudt MR, Levine LE, Allen AJ. Solid-State Transformation of an Additive Manufactured Inconel 625 Alloy at 700 °C. Appl Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:10.3390/app11188643. [PMID: 37583437 PMCID: PMC10426615 DOI: 10.3390/app11188643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inconel 625, a nickel-based superalloy, has drawn much attention in the emerging field of additive manufacturing (AM) because of its excellent weldability and resistance to hot cracking. The extreme processing condition of AM often introduces enormous residual stress (hundreds of MPa to GPa) in the as-fabricated parts, which requires stress-relief heat treatment to remove or reduce the internal stresses. Typical residual stress heat treatment for AM Inconel 625, conducted at 800 °C or 870 °C, introduces a substantial precipitation of the δ phase, a deleterious intermetallic phase. In this work, we used synchrotron-based in situ scattering and diffraction methods and ex situ electron microscopy to investigate the solid-state transformation of an AM Inconel 625 at 700 °C. Our results show that while the δ phase still precipitates from the matrix at this temperature, its precipitation rate and size at a given time are both smaller when compared with their counterparts during typical heat treatment temperatures of 800 °C and 870 °C. A comparison with thermodynamic modeling predictions elucidates these experimental findings. Our work provides the rigorous microstructural kinetics data required to explore the feasibility of a promising lower-temperature stress-relief heat treatment for AM Inconel 625. The combined methodology is readily extendable to investigate the solid-state transformation of other AM alloys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60559, USA
| | - Greta Lindwall
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark R. Stoudt
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lyle E. Levine
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J. Allen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Song J, Rizvi MH, Lynch BB, Ilavsky J, Mankus D, Tracy JB, McKinley GH, Holten-Andersen N. Programmable Anisotropy and Percolation in Supramolecular Patchy Particle Gels. ACS Nano 2020; 14:17018-17027. [PMID: 33289544 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Patchy particle interactions are predicted to facilitate the controlled self-assembly and arrest of particles into phase-stable and morphologically tunable "equilibrium" gels, which avoids the arrested phase separation and subsequent aging that is typically observed in traditional particle gels with isotropic interactions. Despite these promising traits of patchy particle interactions, such tunable equilibrium gels have yet to be realized in the laboratory due to experimental limitations associated with synthesizing patchy particles in high yield. Here, we introduce a supramolecular metal-coordination platform consisting of metallic nanoparticles linked by telechelic polymer chains, which validates the predictions associated with patchy particle interactions and facilitates the design of equilibrium particle hydrogels through limited valency interactions. We demonstrate that the interaction valency and self-assembly of the particles can be effectively controlled by adjusting the relative concentration of polymeric linkers to nanoparticles, which enables the gelation of patchy particle hydrogels with programmable local anisotropy, morphology, and low mechanical percolation thresholds. Moreover, by crowding the local environment around the patchy particles with competing interactions, we introduce an independent method to control the self-assembly of the nanoparticles, thereby enabling the design of highly anisotropic particle hydrogels with substantially reduced percolation thresholds. We thus establish a canonical platform that facilitates multifaceted control of the self-assembly of the patchy nanoparticles en route to the design of patchy particle gels with tunable valencies, morphologies, and percolation thresholds. These advances lay important foundations for further fundamental studies of patchy particle systems and for designing tunable gel materials that address a wide range of engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehedi H Rizvi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Brian B Lynch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Joseph B Tracy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coakley J, Higginbotham A, McGonegle D, Ilavsky J, Swinburne TD, Wark JS, Rahman KM, Vorontsov VA, Dye D, Lane TJ, Boutet S, Koglin J, Robinson J, Milathianaki D. Femtosecond quantification of void evolution during rapid material failure. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/51/eabb4434. [PMID: 33328222 PMCID: PMC7744076 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding high-velocity impact, and the subsequent high strain rate material deformation and potential catastrophic failure, is of critical importance across a range of scientific and engineering disciplines that include astrophysics, materials science, and aerospace engineering. The deformation and failure mechanisms are not thoroughly understood, given the challenges of experimentally quantifying material evolution at extremely short time scales. Here, copper foils are rapidly strained via picosecond laser ablation and probed in situ with femtosecond x-ray free electron (XFEL) pulses. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) monitors the void distribution evolution, while wide-angle scattering (WAXS) simultaneously determines the strain evolution. The ability to quantifiably characterize the nanoscale during high strain rate failure with ultrafast SAXS, complementing WAXS, represents a broadening in the range of science that can be performed with XFEL. It is shown that ultimate failure occurs via void nucleation, growth, and coalescence, and the data agree well with molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Coakley
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Andrew Higginbotham
- York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - David McGonegle
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Thomas D Swinburne
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Justin S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Khandaker M Rahman
- Department of Materials, Imperial College, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - David Dye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas J Lane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Jason Koglin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Joseph Robinson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Oleogels are interesting as a result of their ability to hold large amounts of oil in a semi-solid gel structure. In the food industry, oleogels are most often investigated as substitutes for saturated and trans fats. In this work, the lyotropic formation of ethanol/zein/oleic acid gels was observed qualitatively and ternary phase diagrams were constructed to map the observations. The viscoelastic parameters G' and G'' were measured to confirm gel formation as observed in phase diagrams. Ultrasmall X-ray scattering was used to study the microstructural organization of ethanol/zein/oleic acid gels. Data suggested that the primary unit or building block for gel network structures was the rod-shaped zein molecule. Ultrasmall X-ray data suggested that zein/oleic acid gels have a highly organized microstructure, possibly the result of zein self-assembly. Zein was considered an effective oleogelator in ethanol/zein/oleic acid systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Lan Tsung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Agricultural Engineering Science Building (AESB), Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Graciela W Padua
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Agricultural Engineering Science Building (AESB), Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Noble KF, Troya D, Talley SJ, Ilavsky J, Moore RB. High-Resolution Comonomer Sequencing of Blocky Brominated Syndiotactic Polystyrene Copolymers Using 13C NMR Spectroscopy and Computer Simulations. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen F. Noble
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Samantha J. Talley
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Presto D, Meyerhofer J, Kippenbrock G, Narayanan S, Ilavsky J, Moctezuma S, Sutton M, Foster MD. Influence of Silane Coupling Agents on Filler Network Structure and Stress-Induced Particle Rearrangement in Elastomer Nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:47891-47901. [PMID: 32933248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Filled rubber materials are key in many technologies having a broad impact on the economy and sustainability, the most obvious being tire technology. Adding filler dramatically improves the strength of rubber by reinforcement and tailoring the type of filler, and the chemistry of the interface between the filler and rubber matrix is important for optimizing performance metrics such as fuel efficiency. In a highly loaded, silica-filled, cross-linked model rubber closely mimicking commercial materials, both the filler network structure and the dynamics of the silica filler particles change when the silica surface is modified with silane coupling agents. Reduction in size scales characteristic of the structure is quantified using ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) measurements and the particle dynamics probed with X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). While the structure averaged over the scattering volume changes little with aging after step strain, the dynamics slow appreciably in a manner that varies with the treatment of the silica filler. The evolution of filler particle dynamics depends on the chemical functionality at the silica surface, and observing these differences suggests a way of thinking about the origins of hysteresis in nanoparticle-reinforced rubbers. These microscopic filler dynamics are correlated with the macroscopic stress relaxation of the filled materials. The combination of static and dynamic X-ray scattering techniques with rheological measurements is a powerful approach for elucidating the microscopic mechanisms of rubber reinforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Presto
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - John Meyerhofer
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Grant Kippenbrock
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sergio Moctezuma
- Dynasol Elastómeros, S.A. de C.V. - Dynasol Group, Altamira, Tamaulipas, C.P. 89602, Mexico
| | - Mark Sutton
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Mark D Foster
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Krzysko AJ, Nakouzi E, Zhang X, Graham TR, Rosso KM, Schenter GK, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Frith MG, Ivory CF, Clark SB, Weston JS, Weigandt KM, De Yoreo JJ, Chun J, Anovitz LM. Correlating inter-particle forces and particle shape to shear-induced aggregation/fragmentation and rheology for dilute anisotropic particle suspensions: A complementary study via capillary rheometry and in-situ small and ultra-small angle X-ray scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:47-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Fears TM, Hammons JA, Shin SJ, Kuzmenko I, Ilavsky J, Kucheyev SO. Anomalous Anisotropic Nanoparticle Aggregation in Cu 2(OH) 3Br Gels. Langmuir 2020; 36:8311-8321. [PMID: 32513006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels are of interest for their ability to uniformly incorporate nanoscale features into macroscopic assemblies, which enabled applications that require low density, high surface area, and/or bicontinuous networks. The structure of the nanoporous network is intrinsically linked to the macroscopic properties of aerogels. Hence, control of this structure is of paramount importance. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used here to monitor nanoparticle aggregation in situ in Cu2(OH)3Br aerogels formed via epoxide-assisted gelation. Anomalous anisotropic aggregation is observed in the absence of templating agents and is attributed to the molecular structure of the inorganic nanoparticles themselves. This is a fundamental departure from the models currently used to describe traditional inorganic sol-gel chemistry where nanoparticles are believed to undergo isotropic diffusion- and/or kinetically limited aggregation. Time-resolved SAXS indicates that Cu2(OH)3Br nanoparticles nucleate rapidly from solution to form unbranched chain-like aggregates rather than branched mass-fractal aggregates. Sizes of primary particles (∼1.5 nm) and the chain-like structure of their aggregates are independent of particle concentration (gel density), while rates of particle aggregation, gelation time, and aggregate size are strongly dependent upon particle concentration, which implies that the chemistry of particle formation and the physics of particle aggregation are independent processes. Because the conditions necessary for creating anisotropic structures are not unique to Cu2(OH)3Br, these results could provide insight into the structure and gelation mechanisms of other inorganic aerogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Fears
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Joshua A Hammons
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Swanee J Shin
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sergei O Kucheyev
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Welch PM, Dreier TA, Magurudeniya HD, Frith MG, Ilavsky J, Seifert S, Rahman AK, Rahman A, Singh AJ, Ringstrand BS, Hanson CJ, Hollingsworth JA, Firestone MA. 3D Volumetric Structural Hierarchy Induced by Colloidal Polymerization of a Quantum-Dot Ionic Liquid Monomer Conjugate. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Welch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Timothy A. Dreier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Matthew G. Frith
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Sönke Seifert
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Aunik K. Rahman
- Applied Research & Photonics, Inc., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17111, United States
| | - Anis Rahman
- Applied Research & Photonics, Inc., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17111, United States
| | - Amita Joshi Singh
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dresselhaus-Cooper LE, Martynowych DJ, Zhang F, Tsay C, Ilavsky J, Wang SG, Chen YS, Nelson KA. Pressure-Thresholded Response in Cylindrically Shocked Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine (RDX). J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3301-3313. [PMID: 32009390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a strongly thresholded response in cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) when it is cylindrically shocked using a novel waveguide geometry. Using ultrafast single-shot multi-frame imaging, we demonstrate that <100 μm diameter single crystals of RDX embedded in a polymer host deform along preferential planes for >100 ns after the shock first arrives in the crystal. We use in situ imaging and time-resolved photoemission to demonstrate that short-lived chemistry occurs with complex deformation pathways. Using scanning electron microscopy and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering, we demonstrate that the shock-induced dynamics leave behind porous crystals, with pore shapes and sizes that change significantly with shock pressure. A threshold pressure of ∼12 GPa at the center of convergence separated the single-mode planar crystal deformations from the chemistry-coupled multi-plane dynamics at higher pressures. Our observations indicate preferential directions for deformation in our cylindrically shocked system, despite the applied stress along many different crystallographic planes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leora E Dresselhaus-Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dmitro J Martynowych
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Charlene Tsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, 501 Big Springs Rd., Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - SuYin Grass Wang
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
McGlasson A, Rishi K, Beaucage G, Chauby M, Kuppa V, Ilavsky J, Rackaitis M. Quantification of Dispersion for Weakly and Strongly Correlated Nanofillers in Polymer Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex McGlasson
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Kabir Rishi
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Gregory Beaucage
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Michael Chauby
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Vikram Kuppa
- Nonstructural Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mindaugas Rackaitis
- Bridgestone Americas Center for Research and Technology, Akron, Ohio 44301, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Paul T, Singh A, Littrell KC, Ilavsky J, Harimkar SP. Crystallization Mechanism in Spark Plasma Sintered Bulk Metallic Glass Analyzed using Small Angle Neutron Scattering. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2033. [PMID: 32029831 PMCID: PMC7005171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the thermal stability of metallic glasses is critical to determining their safe temperatures of service. In this paper, the crystallization mechanism in spark plasma sintered Fe48Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6 metallic glass is established by analyzing the crystal size distribution using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and in-situ small angle neutron scattering. Isothermal annealing at 700 °C and 725 °C for 100 min resulted in the formation of (Fe,Cr)23C6 crystals, measured from transmission electron micrographs, to be from 10 to 30 nm. The small angle neutron scattering intensity measured in-situ, over a Q-range of 0.02 to 0.3 Å-1, during isothermal annealing of the sintered samples, confirmed the presence of (Fe,Cr)23C6 crystals. The measured scattering intensity, fitted by the maximum entropy model, over the Q-range of 0.02 to 0.06 Å-1, revealed that the crystals had radii ranging from 3 to 18 nm. The total volume fraction of crystals were estimated to be 0.13 and 0.22 upon isothermal annealing at 700 °C and 725 °C for 100 min respectively. The mechanism of crystallization in this spark plasma sintered iron based metallic glass was established to be from pre-existing nuclei as confirmed by Avrami exponents of 0.25 ± 0.01 and 0.39 ± 0.01 at the aforesaid temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji Paul
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Ashish Singh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
- Welspun Pipes Inc., 9301 Frazier Pike, Little Rock, AR, 72206, United States
| | - Kenneth C Littrell
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Sandip P Harimkar
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
McGlasson A, Rishi K, Beaucage G, Narayanan V, Chauby M, Mulderig A, Kuppa VK, Ilavsky J, Rackaitis M. The effects of staged mixing on the dispersion of reinforcing fillers in elastomer compounds. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
37
|
Rishi K, Narayanan V, Beaucage G, McGlasson A, Kuppa V, Ilavsky J, Rackaitis M. A thermal model to describe kinetic dispersion in rubber nanocomposites: The effect of mixing time on dispersion. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
38
|
Kamysbayev V, Srivastava V, Ludwig NB, Borkiewicz OJ, Zhang H, Ilavsky J, Lee B, Chapman KW, Vaikuntanathan S, Talapin DV. Nanocrystals in Molten Salts and Ionic Liquids: Experimental Observation of Ionic Correlations Extending beyond the Debye Length. ACS Nano 2019; 13:5760-5770. [PMID: 30964280 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the interface between the solute and the solvent in a colloidal solution has attracted attention for a long time. For example, the surface of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) is specially designed to impart colloidal stability in a variety of polar and nonpolar solvents. This work focuses on a special type of colloids where the solvent is a molten inorganic salt or organic ionic liquid. The stability of such colloids is hard to rationalize because solvents with high density of mobile charges efficiently screen the electrostatic double-layer repulsion, and purely ionic molten salts represent an extreme case where the Debye length is only ∼1 Å. We present a detailed investigation of NC dispersions in molten salts and ionic liquids using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our SAXS analysis confirms that a wide variety of NCs (Pt, CdSe/CdS, InP, InAs, ZrO2) can be uniformly dispersed in molten salts like AlCl3/NaCl/KCl (AlCl3/AlCl4-) and NaSCN/KSCN and in ionic liquids like 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halides (BMIM+X-, where X = Cl, Br, I). By using a combination of PDF analysis and molecular modeling, we demonstrate that the NC surface induces a solvent restructuring with electrostatic correlations extending an order of magnitude beyond the Debye screening length. These strong oscillatory ion-ion correlations, which are not accounted by the traditional mechanisms of steric and electrostatic stabilization of colloids, offer additional insight into solvent-solute interactions and enable apparently "impossible" colloidal stabilization in highly ionized media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Kamysbayev
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Vishwas Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Nicholas B Ludwig
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Olaf J Borkiewicz
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Karena W Chapman
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | | | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Paul T, Zhang L, Biswas S, Loganathan A, Frith MG, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Puckette J, Kalkan AK, Agarwal A, Harimkar SP. Quantification of Thermal Oxidation in Metallic Glass Powder using Ultra-small Angle X-ray Scattering. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6836. [PMID: 31048720 PMCID: PMC6497630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the composition, structure, morphology and kinetics of evolution during isothermal oxidation of Fe48Cr15Mo14Y2C15B6 metallic glass powder in the supercooled region are investigated by an integrated ex-situ and in-situ characterization and modelling approach. Raman and X-ray diffraction spectra established that oxidation yielded a hierarchical structure across decreasing length scales. At larger scale, Fe2O3 grows as a uniform shell over the powder core. This shell, at smaller scale, consists of multiple grains. Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering intensity acquired during isothermal oxidation of the powder over a wide Q-range delineated direct quantification of oxidation behavior. The hierarchical structure was employed to construct a scattering model that was fitted to the measured intensity distributions to estimate the thickness of the oxide shell. The relative gain in mass during oxidation, computed theoretically from this model, relatively underestimated that measured in practice by a thermogravimetric analyzer due to the distribution in sizes of the particles. Overall, this paper presents the first direct quantification of oxidation in metallic glass powder by ultra-small angle X-ray scattering. It establishes novel experimental environments that can potentially unfold new paradigms of research into a wide spectrum of interfacial reactions in powder materials at elevated temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanaji Paul
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Linqi Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Sourabh Biswas
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Archana Loganathan
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, United States
| | - Matthew G Frith
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, United States
| | - Jim Puckette
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - A Kaan Kalkan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Plasma Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, United States
| | - Sandip P Harimkar
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rohde BJ, Culp TE, Gomez ED, Ilavsky J, Krishnamoorti R, Robertson ML. Nanostructured Thermoset/Thermoset Blends Compatibilized with an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Rohde
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Tyler E. Culp
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Enrique D. Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ramanan Krishnamoorti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Megan L. Robertson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Halder A, Kioseoglou J, Yang B, Kolipaka KL, Seifert S, Ilavsky J, Pellin M, Sowwan M, Grammatikopoulos P, Vajda S. Nanoassemblies of ultrasmall clusters with remarkable activity in carbon dioxide conversion into C1 fuels. Nanoscale 2019; 11:4683-4687. [PMID: 30783643 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06664g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cu nanoassemblies formed transiently during reaction from size-selected subnanometer Cu4 clusters supported on amorphous OH-terminated alumina convert CO2 into methanol and hydrocarbons under near-atmospheric pressure at rates considerably higher than those of individually standing Cu4 clusters. An in situ characterization reveals that the clusters self-assemble into 2D nanoassemblies at higher temperatures which then disintegrate upon cooling down to room temperature. DFT calculations postulate a formation mechanism of these nanoassemblies by hydrogen-bond bridges between the clusters and H2O molecules, which keep the building blocks together while preventing their coalescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Halder
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee YT, Li DS, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I, Jeng GS, O'Donnell M, Pozzo LD. Ultrasound-based formation of nano-Pickering emulsions investigated via in-situ SAXS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 536:281-290. [PMID: 30380428 PMCID: PMC6287929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sonication is one of the most commonly used methods to synthesize Pickering emulsions. Yet, the process of emulsion sonication is rarely characterized in detail and acoustic conditions are largely determined by experimenter's personal experience. In this study, the role of sonication in the formation of Pickering emulsions from amphiphilic gold nanoparticles was investigated using a new sample environment combining ultrasound delivery with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) measurements. The detection of acoustic cavitation and the simultaneous analysis of structural data via USAXS demonstrated direct correlation between Pickering emulsion formation and cavitation events. There was no evidence of spontaneous adsorption of particles onto the oil-water interface without ultrasound, which suggests the presence of a stabilizing force. Acoustically detected cavitation events could originate in the bulk solvent and/or inside the emulsion droplets. These events helped overcome energy barriers to induce particle adsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David S Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Geng-Shi Jeng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang F, Levine LE, Allen AJ, Young SW, Williams ME, Stoudt MR, Moon KW, Heigel JC, Ilavsky J. Phase Fraction and Evolution of Additively Manufactured (AM) 15-5 Stainless Steel and Inconel 625 AM-Bench Artifacts. Integr Mater Manuf Innov 2019; 8:10.1007/s40192-019-00148-1. [PMID: 32166056 PMCID: PMC7067001 DOI: 10.1007/s40192-019-00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A proper understanding of the structure and microstructure of additively manufactured (AM) alloys is essential not only to the prediction and assessment of their material properties, but also to the validation and verification of computer models needed to advance AM technologies. To accelerate AM development, as part of the AM-Bench effort, we conducted rigorous synchrotron-based X-ray scattering and diffraction experiments on two types of AM alloys (AM 15-5 stainless steel and AM Inconel 625). Taking advantage of the high penetration of synchrotron hard X-rays, we determined the phases present in these alloys under different build conditions and their statistically meaningful phase fractions using high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Using in situ multi-scale X-ray scattering and diffraction, we quantitatively analyzed the phase evolution and development of major precipitates in these alloys as a function of time during stress relief heat treatments. These results serve to validate AM microstructure models and provide input to higher-level AM processing and property models to predict the material properties and performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lyle E. Levine
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J. Allen
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Sandra W. Young
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Maureen E. Williams
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Mark R. Stoudt
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Kil-Won Moon
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jarred C. Heigel
- Intelligent Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Anovitz LM, Zhang X, Soltis J, Nakouzi E, Krzysko AJ, Chun J, Schenter GK, Graham TR, Rosso KM, De Yoreo JJ, Stack AG, Bleuel M, Gagnon C, Mildner DFR, Ilavsky J, Kuzmenko I. Effects of Ionic Strength, Salt, and pH on Aggregation of Boehmite Nanocrystals: Tumbler Small-Angle Neutron and X-ray Scattering and Imaging Analysis. Langmuir 2018; 34:15839-15853. [PMID: 30350702 PMCID: PMC11024987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The US government currently spends significant resources managing the legacies of the Cold War, including 300 million liters of highly radioactive wastes stored in hundreds of tanks at the Hanford (WA) and Savannah River (SC) sites. The materials in these tanks consist of highly radioactive slurries and sludges at very high pH and salt concentrations. The solid particles primarily consist of aluminum hydroxides and oxyhydroxides (gibbsite and boehmite), although many other materials are present. These form complex aggregates that dramatically affect the rheology of the solutions and, therefore, efforts to recover and treat these wastes. In this paper, we have used a combination of transmission and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray and neutron small and ultrasmall-angle scattering to study the aggregation of synthetic nanoboehmite particles at pH 9 (approximately the point of zero charge) and 12, and sodium nitrate and calcium nitrate concentrations up to 1 m. Although the initial particles form individual rhombohedral platelets, once placed in solution they quickly form well-bonded stacks, primary aggregates, up to ∼1500 Å long. These are more prevalent at pH = 12. Addition of calcium nitrate or sodium nitrate has a similar effect as lowering pH, but approximately 100 times less calcium than sodium is needed to observe this effect. These aggregates have fractal dimension between 2.5 and 2.6 that are relatively unaffected by salt concentration for calcium nitrate at high pH. Larger aggregates (>∼4000 Å) are also formed, but their size distributions are discrete rather than continuous. The fractal dimensions of these aggregates are strongly pH-dependent, but only become dependent on solute at high concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Anovitz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MS 6110, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, United States
| | - X. Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - J. Soltis
- Physical Sciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - E. Nakouzi
- Physical Sciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - A. J. Krzysko
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - J. Chun
- Physical Sciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - G. K. Schenter
- Physical Sciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - T. R. Graham
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - K. M. Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - J. J. De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - A. G. Stack
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, MS 6110, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, United States
| | - M. Bleuel
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889-6102, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Eng. J. Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - C. Gagnon
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889-6102, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Eng. J. Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - D. F. R. Mildner
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20889-6102, United States
| | - J. Ilavsky
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Bldg. 433A, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - I. Kuzmenko
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Bldg. 433A, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rishi K, Beaucage G, Kuppa V, Mulderig A, Narayanan V, McGlasson A, Rackaitis M, Ilavsky J. Impact of an Emergent Hierarchical Filler Network on Nanocomposite Dynamics. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Rishi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242-0012, United States
| | - Gregory Beaucage
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242-0012, United States
| | - Vikram Kuppa
- Nonstructural Materials Division, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Andrew Mulderig
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242-0012, United States
| | - Vishak Narayanan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242-0012, United States
| | - Alex McGlasson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242-0012, United States
| | - Mindaugas Rackaitis
- Bridgestone Americas
Center for Research and Technology, Akron, Ohio 44301, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang F, Allen AJ, Levine LE, Long GG, Kuzmenko I, Ilavsky J. High-efficiency coherence-preserving harmonic rejection with crystal optics. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:1354-1361. [PMID: 30179173 PMCID: PMC6242334 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518009645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a harmonic-rejection scheme based on the combination of Si(111) monochromator and Si(220) harmonic-rejection crystal optics. This approach is of importance to a wide range of X-ray applications in all three major branches of modern X-ray science (scattering, spectroscopy, imaging) based at major facilities, and especially relevant to the capabilities offered by the new diffraction-limited storage rings. It was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that, when used with a synchrotron undulator source over a broad range of X-ray energies of interest, the harmonic-rejection crystals transmit the incident harmonic X-rays on the order of 10-6. Considering the flux ratio of fundamental and harmonic X-rays in the incident beam, this scheme achieves a total flux ratio of harmonic radiation to fundamental radiation on the order of 10-10. The spatial coherence of the undulator beam is preserved in the transmitted fundamental radiation while the harmonic radiation is suppressed, making this scheme suitable not only for current third-generation synchrotron sources but also for the new diffraction-limited storage rings where coherence preservation is an even higher priority. Compared with conventional harmonic-rejection mirrors, where coherence is poorly preserved and harmonic rejection is less effective, this scheme has the added advantage of lower cost and footprint. This approach has been successfully utilized at the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering instrument at the Advanced Photon Source for scattering, imaging and coherent X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments. With minor modification, the harmonic rejection can be improved by a further five orders of magnitude, enabling even more performance capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J. Allen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Lyle E. Levine
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Gabrielle G. Long
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Allen AJ, Zhang F, Levine LE, Ilavsky J. Operando in situ microstructure and structure studies of transformations in advanced materials. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767318098744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
48
|
Hammons JA, Zhang F, Ilavsky J. Extended hierarchical solvent perturbations from curved surfaces of mesoporous silica particles in a deep eutectic solvent. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [PMID: 29529464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Many applications of deep eutectic solvents (DES) rely on exploitation of their unique yet complex liquid structures. Due to the ionic nature of the DES components, their diffuse structures are perturbed in the presence of a charged surface. We hypothesize that it is possible to perturb the bulk DES structure far (>100 nm) from a curved, charged surface with mesoscopic dimensions. EXPERIMENTS We performed in situ, synchrotron-based ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) experiments to study the solvent distribution near the surface of charged mesoporous silica particles (MPS) (≈0.5 µm in diameter) suspended in both water and a common type of DES (1:2 choline Cl-:ethylene glycol). FINDINGS A careful USAXS analysis reveals that the perturbation of electron density distribution within the DES extends ≈1 μm beyond the particle surface, and that this perturbation can be manipulated by the addition of salt ions (AgCl). The concentration of the pore-filling fluid is greatly reduced in the DES. Notably, we extracted the real-space structures of these fluctuations from the USAXS data using a simulated annealing approach that does not require a priori knowledge about the scattering form factor, and can be generalized to a wide range of complex small-angle scattering problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hammons
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute for Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ilavsky J, Zhang F, Andrews RN, Kuzmenko I, Jemian PR, Levine LE, Allen AJ. Development of combined microstructure and structure characterization facility for in situ and operando studies at the Advanced Photon Source. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51 Pt 3. [PMID: 30996401 DOI: 10.1107/s160057671800643x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following many years of evolutionary development, first at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and then at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory, the APS ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) facility has been transformed by several new developments. These comprise a conversion to higher-order crystal optics and higher X-ray energies as the standard operating mode, rapid fly scan measurements also as a standard operational mode, automated contiguous pinhole small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at intermediate scattering vectors, and associated rapid wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements for X-ray diffraction without disturbing the sample geometry. With each mode using the USAXS incident beam optics upstream of the sample, USAXS/SAXS/WAXS measurements can now be made within 5 min, allowing in situ and operando measurement capabilities with great flexibility under a wide range of sample conditions. These developments are described, together with examples of their application to investigate materials phenomena of technological importance. Developments of two novel USAXS applications, USAXSbased X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and USAXS imaging, are also briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ross N Andrews
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA.,Materials Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Pete R Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Lyle E Levine
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrew J Allen
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Andrews RN, Narayanan S, Zhang F, Kuzmenko I, Ilavsky J. Inverse Transformation: Unleashing Spatially Heterogeneous Dynamics with an Alternative Approach to XPCS Data Analysis. J Appl Crystallogr 2018; 51:35-46. [PMID: 29875506 PMCID: PMC5986160 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576717015795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), an extension of dynamic light scattering (DLS) in the X-ray regime, detects temporal intensity fluctuations of coherent speckles and provides scattering vector-dependent sample dynamics at length scales smaller than DLS. The penetrating power of X-rays enables probing dynamics in a broad array of materials with XPCS, including polymers, glasses and metal alloys, where attempts to describe the dynamics with a simple exponential fit usually fails. In these cases, the prevailing XPCS data analysis approach employs stretched or compressed exponential decay functions (Kohlrausch functions), which implicitly assume homogeneous dynamics. In this paper, we propose an alternative analysis scheme based upon inverse Laplace or Gaussian transformation for elucidating heterogeneous distributions of dynamic time scales in XPCS, an approach analogous to the CONTIN algorithm widely accepted in the analysis of DLS from polydisperse and multimodal systems. Using XPCS data measured from colloidal gels, we demonstrate the inverse transform approach reveals hidden multimodal dynamics in materials, unleashing the full potential of XPCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross N. Andrews
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60559, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60559, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60559, USA
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60559, USA
| |
Collapse
|