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Posadas-Sánchez R, López-Uribe ÁR, Reyes-Barrera J, Ramírez-Bello J, del Rocio Martínez-Alvarado M, Vargas-Alarcón G. Increased carotid intima-media thickness and cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with IL-6 gene polymorphisms in Mexican individuals: The Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease Mexican study. Biomol Biomed 2024; 24:315-322. [PMID: 37838929 PMCID: PMC10950335 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the association of three IL-6 gene polymorphisms with increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and cardiometabolic risk factors. Three IL-6 polymorphisms (rs1800795, rs2069827, and rs1800796) were analyzed in 178 individuals with increased CIMT (CIMT ≥ 75th percentile) and 906 individuals without increased CIMT (CIMT < 75th percentile). Logistic regression, adjusted for confounding variables, was employed to assess the associations. The rs1800796 polymorphism was significantly associated with an elevated risk of increased CIMT (OR = 1.354, Padditive = 0.016; OR = 1.803, Precessive = 0.014; OR = 1.989, Pcodominant2 = 0.008). One haplotype (GCG) correlated with a higher risk of increased CIMT (OR = 1.288; P = 0.008), while another (GGG) demonstrated a reduced risk (OR = 0.773; P = 0.006). In individuals without increased CIMT, the rs2069827 polymorphism was associated with low risks of central obesity, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, and a low risk of presenting with high levels of total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) /HDL-C index, apolipoprotein B, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The rs1800796 polymorphism was associated with a low risk of adipose tissue insulin resistance, and the rs1800795 was associated with a minimal risk of central obesity and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Among those with increased CIMT, the rs2069827 was associated with low risks of central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic syndrome, and a high triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C index, while rs1800796 was associated with a low risk of fatty liver. Similar IL-6 concentrations were observed in both individuals with and without increased CIMT. In conclusion, the rs1800796 polymorphism is associated with increased CIMT, while the rs2069827 and rs1800795 are linked to cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángel Rene López-Uribe
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Reyes-Barrera
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julian Ramírez-Bello
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Li J, Zhang P, Yi X, Luo H, Yu M, Chen H, Wang C. Sex-specific association between inflammation and endothelial function relevant gene and vulnerable carotid plaque. Front Physiol 2022; 13:977578. [PMID: 36060677 PMCID: PMC9437448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.977578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to explore sex-specific association between genes involved in inflammation and endothelial function and vulnerable carotid plaque, a subclinical precursor of ischemic stroke.Methods: Carotid plaque and plaque phenotype were assessed by carotid ultrasound in high-risk participants for stroke drawn from a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in southwestern China. We examined 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 genes related to inflammation and endothelial function. Sex differences in the genotype of the candidate SNPs and risk of vulnerable carotid plaques were assessed. Interaction tests were performed to identify the SNPs that might modify the association between the sex and vulnerable plaques. For SNPs with suggestive evidence for interaction with sex (p for interaction<0.05), stratification analysis by sex was performed to evaluate the sex-specific association between the SNP and vulnerable plaques.Results: 2,644 high-risk individuals were enrolled, comprising 1,202 (45.5%) men and 1,442 (54.5%) women. Vulnerable carotid plaques were detected in 425 (16.1%) participants. Among candidate SNPs, the genotype frequencies of 5 SNPs (TNFSF4 rs11811788, TNFSF4 rs1234313, IL6R rs4845625, VCAM1 rs2392221, and ITGA2 rs1991013) were significantly different between sex (all p < 0.05). Univariable and multivariable analyses suggested that male individuals had a significantly higher prevalence of vulnerable carotid plaques (20.0% vs. 12.8%, adjusted OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.12–2.66, p = 0.014), while none of the candidate SNPs was significantly associated with vulnerable plaques (all p > 0.05). Interaction tests found the association between sex and vulnerable plaques is affected by the genotype of IL6R rs4845625 (p for interaction = 0.031). Stratification analysis revealed a strong association between IL6R rs4845625 and vulnerable carotid plaque in man (dominant model TT vs. CT + CC: adjusted OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.12–2.07, p = 0.007; codominant model TT vs. CC: adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.00–2.25, p = 0.048) but not in women (p > 0.05 in all genetic models).Conclusion: The rs4845625 polymorphism in IL6R has sex-specific effects on vulnerable carotid plaque in Chinese Han high-risk individuals for stroke. Our findings provide a plausible genetic basis underlying the sex difference in carotid plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li,
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
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Forgo B, Medda E, Hernyes A, Szalontai L, Tarnoki DL, Tarnoki AD. Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: A Review on Heritability and Genetics. Twin Res Hum Genet 2018; 21:333-46. [PMID: 29976271 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2018.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and therefore, assessing the genetic versus environmental background of CAS traits is of key importance. Carotid intima-media-thickness and plaque characteristics seem to be moderately heritable, with remarkable differences in both heritability and presence or severity of these traits among ethnicities. Although the considerable role of additive genetic effects is obvious, based on the results so far, there is an important emphasis on non-shared environmental factors as well. We aimed to collect and summarize the papers that investigate twin and family studies assessing the phenotypic variance attributable to genetic associations with CAS. Genes in relation to CAS markers were overviewed with a focus on genetic association studies and genome-wide association studies. Although the role of certain genes is confirmed by studies conducted on large populations and meta-analyses, many of them show conflicting results. A great focus should be on future studies elucidating the exact pathomechanism of these genes in CAS in order to imply them as novel therapeutic targets.
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Haslacher H, Perkmann T, Ratzinger F, Grimm G, Exner M, Keller A, Schmetterer K, Priemer C, Endler G, Wagner O, Schillinger M. 9p21.3 risk locus is associated with first-ever myocardial infarction in an Austrian cohort. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 17:595-600. [PMID: 25032714 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis often presents as a complex systemic disease that is strongly influenced by lifestyle factors, but also by the genetic background. The sequence variant rs1333049 affects the expression of ANRIL, a noncoding RNA transcript playing a key role in the regulation of inflammatory processes. We thus aimed to replicate the predictive value of genetic information on this variant regarding the development of cardiovascular events in an Austrian high-risk cohort. METHODS Nine hundred and eighty-eight patients from an angiologic outpatient ward at a large University hospital were genotyped by means of the 5'-nuclease assay. Relative risk ratios were assessed for carriers of different alleles. Statistical independence of genetic information was evaluated in multivariable analysis including known risk markers. RESULTS In patients carrying the [G]-allele, metabolic parameters (serum low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol) significantly decreased during the initial 6 months of the observation period (P < 0.01). Likewise, homozygous [C]-allele carriers were at a higher risk of suffering myocardial infarction (relative risk = 2.681, 95% confidence interval 1.418-5.070). In contrast, we found no interaction between rs1333049 genotype and progression of carotid atherosclerosis or stroke. CONCLUSIONS These results are in line with the previous findings, suggesting that genetic information on the rs1333049 variant might be a useful predictor of adverse cardiac events. Thus, we could successfully replicate the predictive value of the 9p21 risk allele in an Austrian cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmuth Haslacher
- aDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20 bGruppenpraxis Labors.at, Praterstrasse 22 cInnere Medizin Doebling, Billrothstrasse 49a, Vienna, Austria
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Zivotić I, Djurić T, Stanković A, Djordjević A, Končar I, Davidović L, Alavantić D, Zivković M. 9p21 locus rs10757278 is associated with advanced carotid atherosclerosis in a gender-specific manner. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1210-6. [PMID: 26941057 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216636718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms from the chromosome locus 9p21 are reported to carry a risk for various cardiovascular diseases. One of the lead single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs10757278, was mostly investigated in association with coronary artery disease but rarely with carotid atherosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to analyze the association of rs10757278 A/G polymorphism with carotid plaque presence in advanced carotid atherosclerosis. The study included 803 participants, 486 patients with high-grade stenosis (>70%) who were undergoing carotid endarterectomy and 317 controls from Serbian population. Genotypes were determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. According to the recessive model of inheritance, GG genotype was significantly and independently associated with carotid plaque in females only (odds ratio 2.42, CI = 1.20-4.90, P = 0.013). Odds ratio was adjusted for age, body mass index, hypertension, TC, LDLC, HDLC and TG, and P value was corrected for multiple comparisons. Our preliminary findings suggest a gender-specific association of rs10757278 polymorphism with carotid plaque. Further studies on larger sample and in genetically and environmentally similar populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zivotić
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Djurić
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stanković
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjević
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Končar
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Clinic for the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Davidović
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Clinic for the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Alavantić
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Zivković
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhong H, Cai Y, Cheng J, Cai D, Chen L, Su C, Li K, Chen P, Xu J, Cui L. Apolipoprotein E Epsilon 4 Enhances the Association between the rs2910164 Polymorphism of miR-146a and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cerebral Infarction. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:819-29. [PMID: 26875519 DOI: 10.5551/jat.32904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyse the relationship between two potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the miR-146a gene (rs2910164 and rs57095329) and the risk of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI). METHODS A total of 297 patients with ACI and 300 matched healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. The miR-146a polymorphism was detected using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS A significant difference in the C allele frequency at rs2910164 (p=0.028) was noted between patients with ACI and control subjects. In contrast, the genotype and allele frequencies of rs57095329 were not statistically associated with ACI. In addition, the decreased expression of miR-146a was significantly more frequent in ACI patients who were ApoEε4 (+) carriers (p=0.0233), and rs2910164 G>C was intimately associated with the ApoEε4-containing genotype in patients compared with the ApoEε4 (-) carriers (p=0.0323). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the C allele of rs2910164 miR-146a is an important risk factor for ACI, and ApoEε4 may function through attenuating miR-146a expression to enhance ACI susceptibility. This study provides new information about the possible relationship between miR-146a and ApoEε4 in the development of ACI, with potentially important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated second Hospital, Guangdong Medical University
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Hubacek J, Vrablik M, Dlouha D, Stanek V, Gebauerova M, Adamkova V, Ceska R, Dostálová G, Linhart A, Vitek L, Pitha J. Gene variants at FTO, 9p21, and 2q36.3 are age-independently associated with myocardial infarction in Czech men. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis causes significant morbidity and mortality. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) predicts future cardiovascular and ischaemic stroke incidence. CIMT, a measure of atherosclerotic disease, can be reliably determined in vivo by carotid ultrasound. In this review, we determined that CIMT is associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, race, smoking, alcohol consumption, habitual endurance exercise, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, dietary patterns, risk-lowering drug therapy, glycemia, hyperuricemia, obesity-related anthropometric parameters, obesity and obesity-related diseases. We also found that CIMT is associated with novel risk factors, including heredity, certain genotypic indices, anthropometric cardiovascular parameters, rheumatoid arthritis, immunological diseases, inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, anthropometric hemocyte parameters, infectious diseases, vitamin D, matrix metalloproteinases, and other novel factors and diseases. However, the conclusions are inconsonant; the underlying causes of these associations remain to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoge Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taishan Hospital, Taian, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Qu
- Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519041, P. R. China
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9
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Hubacek JA, Staněk V, Gebauerová M, Poledne R, Aschermann M, Skalická H, Matoušková J, Kruger A, Pěnička M, Hrabáková H, Veselka J, Hájek P, Lánská V, Adámková V, Pitˇha J. Rs6922269 marker at the MTHFD1L gene predict cardiovascular mortality in males after acute coronary syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:1289-93. [PMID: 25809277 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. All the traditional risk factors for MI are responsible for approximately 50% of cases of MI cases. Attention therefore has recently focused on genetic variants that are not associated with conventional risk factors. One of them is the marker rs6922269, which has been suggested as a risk factor for development of MI in Western populations. We analyzed the relationship between rs6922269 variant on MTHFD1L gene and (i) risk of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the Czech population and (ii) mortality in 7 years follow up. Rs6922269 (G>A) variant was analyzed (CR 99.3% for patients and 98.0% for controls) by PCR-RFLP in consecutively examined 1614 men and 503 women with ACS (age below 65 years) and in population-based controls--1191 men and 1368 women (aged up to 65 years). ANOVA and Chi square were used for statistical analysis. The genotype frequencies were almost identical (P=0.87) in the ACS patients and in controls and no differences were observed, if males (P=0.73) and females (P=0.93) were analysed separately. In addition, rs6922269 polymorphism was not associated with the classical risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, smoking, diabetes) in control population. Cardiovascular mortality was significantly higher in males, carriers of the AA genotype (P<0.001, OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.40-4.55, for AA vs. +G). We conclude, that rs6922269 variant at MTHFD1L gene could be an important prognostic factor for cardiovascular mortality in patients after ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hubacek
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic,
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Forrester MA, Robertson L, Bayoumi N, Keavney BD, Barker RN, Vickers MA. Human interleukin-27: wide individual variation in plasma levels and complex inter-relationships with interleukin-17A. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:373-83. [PMID: 24975574 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely believed that interleukin (IL)-27 is anti-inflammatory, its role in controlling human immune responses is not fully established. In particular, its interactions with T helper type 17 (Th)17 cytokines are unclear. Our aims were to establish the relationships between IL-27 and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A, in human sera and cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Plasma IL-27 levels in 879 healthy humans from 163 families varied widely, but with relatively low heritability (19%). Despite IL-27 including a subunit encoded by Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3), there was no correlation of levels with serological evidence of infection with the virus. Although IL-27 has been reported to inhibit IL-17A production, we demonstrated a strong positive correlation in sera, but lower correlations of IL-27 with other proinflammatory cytokines. We verified that IL-27 inhibited IL-17A production by human peripheral blood T cells in vitro, but not that it stimulated IL-10 secretion. Importantly, addition of IL-17A decreased IL-27 production by stimulated T cells but had the opposite effect on resting T cells. Together, these data suggest a model whereby IL-27 and IL-17A exerts complex reciprocal effects to boost inflammatory responses, but restrain resting cells to prevent inappropriate activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Forrester
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Abstract
Background The power of the genome wide association studies starts to go down when the minor allele frequency (MAF) is below 0.05. Here, we proposed the use of Cohen’s h in detecting disease associated rare variants. The variance stabilizing effect based on the arcsine square root transformation of MAFs to generate Cohen’s h contributed to the statistical power for rare variants analysis. We re-analyzed published datasets, one microarray and one sequencing based, and used simulation to compare the performance of Cohen’s h with the risk difference (RD) and odds ratio (OR). Results The analysis showed that the type 1 error rate of Cohen’s h was as expected and Cohen’s h and RD were both less biased and had higher power than OR. The advantage of Cohen’s h was more obvious when MAF was less than 0.01. Conclusions Cohen’s h can increase the power to find genetic association of rare variants and diseases, especially when MAF is less than 0.01. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-875) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jih-I Yeh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, 701, Sec 3, Chung-Yang Rd, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
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Vakalis K, Bechlioulis A, Naka KK, Chatzikyriakidou A, Gartzonika K, Vezyraki P, Kolios G, Pappas K, Katsouras CS, Georgiou I, Michalis LK. Role of 9p21 and 2q36 variants and arterial stiffness in the prediction of coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:784-94. [PMID: 24942486 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms and arterial stiffness indices have been associated with cardiovascular prognosis and the presence and extent of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to investigate whether arterial stiffness indices and 9p21 and 2q36 variants may improve prediction of CAD presence and extent when added to classical cardiovascular risk factors in patients at high risk for CAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 183 consecutive patients with suspected stable CAD (age 61 ± 9 years, 134 males) referred for diagnostic coronary angiography. Framingham risk score (FRS) was calculated. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central augmentation index (AIx) using applanation tonometry. Genetic polymorphisms of 9p21 (rs1333049) and 2q36 (rs2943634) loci were also analysed. RESULTS Higher FRS and PWV and the presence of rs2943634 risk allele were independent predictors of CAD (Nagelkerke R(2) 0·252, P < 0·001), while higher FRS and the presence of rs1333049 risk allele were independent predictors of multivessel CAD (Nagelkerke R(2) 0·190, P < 0·001). Genetic polymorphisms and vascular indices did not improve the predictive accuracy of FRS-based models (P > 0·1 for all) for CAD presence or extent. CONCLUSIONS In these high-risk patients, 9p21 and 2q36 variants and PWV were independently associated with CAD presence and extent, but the addition of both genetic data and arterial stiffness indices to FRS did not improve the prediction of CAD compared with FRS alone. Further studies are needed to clarify the prognostic role of genetic and vascular indices in the prediction of angiographic CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Vakalis
- Michaelidion Cardiac Center and Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Zhang L, Buzkova P, Wassel CL, Roman MJ, North KE, Crawford DC, Boston J, Brown-Gentry KD, Cole SA, Deelman E, Goodloe R, Wilson S, Heiss G, Jenny NS, Jorgensen NW, Matise TC, McClellan BE, Nato AQ, Ritchie MD, Franceschini N, Kao WHL. Lack of associations of ten candidate coronary heart disease risk genetic variants and subclinical atherosclerosis in four US populations: the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:390-9. [PMID: 23587283 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of genetic variants have been discovered by recent genome-wide association studies for their associations with clinical coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear whether these variants are also associated with the development of CHD as measured by subclinical atherosclerosis phenotypes, ankle brachial index (ABI), carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and carotid plaque. METHODS Ten CHD risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in individuals of European American (EA), African American (AA), American Indian (AI), and Mexican American (MA) ancestry in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. In each individual study, we performed linear or logistic regression to examine population-specific associations between SNPs and ABI, common and internal cIMT, and plaque. The results from individual studies were meta-analyzed using a fixed effect inverse variance weighted model. RESULTS None of the ten SNPs was significantly associated with ABI and common or internal cIMT, after Bonferroni correction. In the sample of 13,337 EA, 3809 AA, and 5353 AI individuals with carotid plaque measurement, the GCKR SNP rs780094 was significantly associated with the presence of plaque in AI only (OR = 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.49, P = 1.08 × 10(-5)), but not in the other populations (P = 0.90 in EA and P = 0.99 in AA). A 9p21 region SNP, rs1333049, was nominally associated with plaque in EA (OR = 1.07, P = 0.02) and in AI (OR = 1.10, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We identified a significant association between rs780094 and plaque in AI populations, which needs to be replicated in future studies. There was little evidence that the index CHD risk variants identified through genome-wide association studies in EA influence the development of CHD through subclinical atherosclerosis as assessed by cIMT and ABI across ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Plichart M, Empana J, Lambert J, Amouyel P, Tiret L, Letenneur L, Berr C, Tzourio C, Ducimetière P. Single polymorphism nucleotide rs1333049 on chromosome 9p21 is associated with carotid plaques but not with common carotid intima-media thickness in older adults. A combined analysis of the Three-City and the EVA studies. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:187-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhan Q, Yuan M, Wang XH, Duan XM, Yang QD, Xia J. Association of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein gene polymorphisms with cerebral infarction in a Chinese population. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 34:260-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hamrefors V, Hedblad B, Engström G, Almgren P, Sjögren M, Melander O. A myocardial infarction genetic risk score is associated with markers of carotid atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 2012; 271:271-81. [PMID: 22017383 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether or not a genetic risk score that was previously shown to be associated with myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is also associated with markers of carotid atherosclerosis. DESIGN A total of 4022 middle-aged subjects from the general Swedish population were genotyped and individually assigned a genetic risk score based on 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously associated with MI and CAD. The genetic score (Score-MI) was then related to carotid bulb intima-media thickness (IMT), common carotid artery (CCA) IMT and to the occurrence of carotid plaques in the study population. RESULTS Score-MI was associated with IMT of the bulb (P < 0.001) and the CCA (P < 0.001) in unadjusted analyses, and with IMT of the bulb after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.003). The effect size of Score-MI on IMT of the bulb was similar to that of LDL cholesterol. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, Score-MI was also associated with the occurrence of carotid plaques (odds ratio per quintile of Score-MI = 1.11; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.18; P = 0.001). In addition to SNPs with known effects on LDL levels, Score-MI showed nominal associations with increasing systolic blood pressure and decreasing C-reactive protein levels. CONCLUSIONS This genetic risk score was independently associated with carotid bulb IMT and carotid plaques, providing evidence of an association with early markers of atherosclerosis. This might imply that the genetic MI risk conferred by the score is related to early atherosclerosis and that the risk score may identify at an early stage candidates at risk of developing intermediate phenotypes of atherosclerosis. Further studies should test whether or not assessing the genetic score could be valuable for early treatment decisions in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hamrefors
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Murabito JM, White CC, Kavousi M, Sun YV, Feitosa MF, Nambi V, Lamina C, Schillert A, Coassin S, Bis JC, Broer L, Crawford DC, Franceschini N, Frikke-Schmidt R, Haun M, Holewijn S, Huffman JE, Hwang SJ, Kiechl S, Kollerits B, Montasser ME, Nolte IM, Rudock ME, Senft A, Teumer A, van der Harst P, Vitart V, Waite LL, Wood AR, Wassel CL, Absher DM, Allison MA, Amin N, Arnold A, Asselbergs FW, Aulchenko Y, Bandinelli S, Barbalic M, Boban M, Brown-Gentry K, Couper DJ, Criqui MH, Dehghan A, den Heijer M, Dieplinger B, Ding J, Dörr M, Espinola-Klein C, Felix SB, Ferrucci L, Folsom AR, Fraedrich G, Gibson Q, Goodloe R, Gunjaca G, Haltmayer M, Heiss G, Hofman A, Kieback A, Kiemeney LA, Kolcic I, Kullo IJ, Kritchevsky SB, Lackner KJ, Li X, Lieb W, Lohman K, Meisinger C, Melzer D, Mohler ER, Mudnic I, Mueller T, Navis G, Oberhollenzer F, Olin JW, O'Connell J, O'Donnell CJ, Palmas W, Penninx BW, Petersmann A, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Rantner B, Rice K, Rivadeneira F, Rotter JI, Seldenrijk A, Stadler M, Summerer M, Tanaka T, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Uitterlinden AG, van Gilst WH, Vermeulen SH, Wild SH, Wild PS, Willeit J, Zeller T, Zemunik T, Zgaga L, Assimes TL, Blankenberg S, Boerwinkle E, Campbell H, Cooke JP, de Graaf J, Herrington D, Kardia SLR, Mitchell BD, Murray A, Münzel T, Newman AB, Oostra BA, Rudan I, Shuldiner AR, Snieder H, van Duijn CM, Völker U, Wright AF, Wichmann HE, Wilson JF, Witteman JCM, Liu Y, Hayward C, Borecki IB, Ziegler A, North KE, Cupples LA, Kronenberg F. Association between chromosome 9p21 variants and the ankle-brachial index identified by a meta-analysis of 21 genome-wide association studies. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2012; 5:100-12. [PMID: 22199011 PMCID: PMC3303225 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.961292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic determinants of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remain largely unknown. To identify genetic variants associated with the ankle-brachial index (ABI), a noninvasive measure of PAD, we conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 21 population-based cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS Continuous ABI and PAD (ABI ≤0.9) phenotypes adjusted for age and sex were examined. Each study conducted genotyping and imputed data to the ≈2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HapMap. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test each SNP for association with ABI and PAD using additive genetic models. Study-specific data were combined using fixed effects inverse variance weighted meta-analyses. There were a total of 41 692 participants of European ancestry (≈60% women, mean ABI 1.02 to 1.19), including 3409 participants with PAD and with genome-wide association study data available. In the discovery meta-analysis, rs10757269 on chromosome 9 near CDKN2B had the strongest association with ABI (β=-0.006, P=2.46×10(-8)). We sought replication of the 6 strongest SNP associations in 5 population-based studies and 3 clinical samples (n=16 717). The association for rs10757269 strengthened in the combined discovery and replication analysis (P=2.65×10(-9)). No other SNP associations for ABI or PAD achieved genome-wide significance. However, 2 previously reported candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP associated with coronary artery disease were associated with ABI: DAB21P (rs13290547, P=3.6×10(-5)), CYBA (rs3794624, P=6.3×10(-5)), and rs1122608 (LDLR, P=0.0026). CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide association studies in more than 40 000 individuals identified 1 genome wide significant association on chromosome 9p21 with ABI. Two candidate genes for PAD and 1 SNP for coronary artery disease are associated with ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA 01701, USA.
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Hernesniemi JA, Seppälä I, Lyytikäinen LP, Mononen N, Oksala N, Hutri-Kähönen N, Juonala M, Taittonen L, Smith EN, Schork NJ, Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS, Murray SS, Laitinen T, Jula A, Kettunen J, Ripatti S, Laaksonen R, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T. Genetic profiling using genome-wide significant coronary artery disease risk variants does not improve the prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, the Bogalusa Heart Study and the Health 2000 Survey--a meta-analysis of three independent studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28931. [PMID: 22295058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified a large number of variants (SNPs) associating with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Recently, the CARDIoGRAM consortium published a GWAS based on the largest study population so far. They successfully replicated twelve already known associations and discovered thirteen new SNPs associating with CAD. We examined whether the genetic profiling of these variants improves prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis – i.e., carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid artery elasticity (CAE) – beyond classical risk factors. Subjects and Methods We genotyped 24 variants found in a population of European ancestry and measured CIMT and CAE in 2001 and 2007 from 2,081, and 2,015 subjects (aged 30–45 years in 2007) respectively, participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS). The Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS; n = 1179) was used as a replication cohort (mean age of 37.5). For additional replication, a sub-sample of 5 SNPs was genotyped for 1,291 individuals aged 46–76 years participating in the Health 2000 population survey. We tested the impact of genetic risk score (GRS24SNP/CAD) calculated as a weighted (by allelic odds ratios for CAD) sum of CAD risk alleles from the studied 24 variants on CIMT, CAE, the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis and the progression of CIMT and CAE during a 6-year follow-up. Results CIMT or CAE did not significantly associate with GRS24SNP/CAD before or after adjusting for classical CAD risk factors (p>0.05 for all) in YFS or in the BHS. CIMT and CAE associated with only one SNP each in the YFS. The findings were not replicated in the replication cohorts. In the meta-analysis CIMT or CAE did not associate with any of the SNPs. Conclusion Genetic profiling, by using known CAD risk variants, should not improve risk stratification for subclinical atherosclerosis beyond conventional risk factors among healthy young adults.
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Arregui M, Fisher E, Knüppel S, Buijsse B, di Giuseppe R, Fritsche A, Corella D, Willich SN, Boeing H, Weikert C. Significant associations of the rs2943634 (2q36.3) genetic polymorphism with adiponectin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and ischemic stroke. Gene 2011; 494:190-5. [PMID: 22207032 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND rs2943634 C/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), located in a non coding region of chromosome 2q36.3, has been associated with coronary artery disease in two genome wide association studies. Our goal was to investigate its relation with myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke (IS), as well as with 12 intermediate risk phenotypes, in a population-based prospective cohort study. METHODS rs2943634 was genotyped in a case-cohort study including a random sample of 1891 individuals (subcohort) and all incident MI (n=211) and IS (n=144) cases during a mean follow-up of 8.2±2.2years, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort comprising 27,548 middle-aged men and women. RESULTS rs2943634 minor allele (A) was associated in an additive fashion with lower risk of IS but not with MI [hazard ratio (HR)=0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50-0.87; P=0.003; HR=1.02; 95% CI: 0.82-1.28; P=0.83 respectively, for the age and sex adjusted model]. Furthermore, it was related to slightly higher levels of plasma adiponectin [CC 6.94, CA 7.27, AA 7.86μg/ml, P=0.0002] and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (CC 52.08, CA 53.05 and AA 55.27mg/dl, P=0.002), based on additive models. Adjustment for adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol did not attenuate the association between the SNP and IS risk. In contrast, adjustment for adiponectin abolished the association between the SNP and HDL-cholesterol and adjustment for HDL-cholesterol attenuated the association between the SNP and adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that rs2943634 is associated with IS risk and with plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in this German population. Further investigations are needed to confirm these results and to clarify the mechanisms underlying the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arregui
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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O'Donnell CJ, Kavousi M, Smith AV, Kardia SLR, Feitosa MF, Hwang SJ, Sun YV, Province MA, Aspelund T, Dehghan A, Hoffmann U, Bielak LF, Zhang Q, Eiriksdottir G, van Duijn CM, Fox CS, de Andrade M, Kraja AT, Sigurdsson S, Elias-Smale SE, Murabito JM, Launer LJ, van der Lugt A, Kathiresan S, Krestin GP, Herrington DM, Howard TD, Liu Y, Post W, Mitchell BD, O'Connell JR, Shen H, Shuldiner AR, Altshuler D, Elosua R, Salomaa V, Schwartz SM, Siscovick DS, Voight BF, Bis JC, Glazer NL, Psaty BM, Boerwinkle E, Heiss G, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Wild PS, Schnabel RB, Schillert A, Ziegler A, Münzel TF, White CC, Rotter JI, Nalls M, Oudkerk M, Johnson AD, Newman AB, Uitterlinden AG, Massaro JM, Cunningham J, Harris TB, Hofman A, Peyser PA, Borecki IB, Cupples LA, Gudnason V, Witteman JCM. Genome-wide association study for coronary artery calcification with follow-up in myocardial infarction. Circulation 2011; 124:2855-64. [PMID: 22144573 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.974899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery calcification (CAC) detected by computed tomography is a noninvasive measure of coronary atherosclerosis, which underlies most cases of myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to identify common genetic variants associated with CAC and further investigate their associations with MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Computed tomography was used to assess quantity of CAC. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for CAC was performed in 9961 men and women from 5 independent community-based cohorts, with replication in 3 additional independent cohorts (n=6032). We examined the top single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CAC quantity for association with MI in multiple large genome-wide association studies of MI. Genome-wide significant associations with CAC for SNPs on chromosome 9p21 near CDKN2A and CDKN2B (top SNP: rs1333049; P=7.58×10(-19)) and 6p24 (top SNP: rs9349379, within the PHACTR1 gene; P=2.65×10(-11)) replicated for CAC and for MI. Additionally, there is evidence for concordance of SNP associations with both CAC and MI at a number of other loci, including 3q22 (MRAS gene), 13q34 (COL4A1/COL4A2 genes), and 1p13 (SORT1 gene). CONCLUSIONS SNPs in the 9p21 and PHACTR1 gene loci were strongly associated with CAC and MI, and there are suggestive associations with both CAC and MI of SNPs in additional loci. Multiple genetic loci are associated with development of both underlying coronary atherosclerosis and clinical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Donnell
- MPH, NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Ave, Suite 2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
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Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have demonstrated that common genetic variants in a region of chromosome 9p21 confer risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and other atherosclerotic conditions. Although the absolute increase in risk is small (some 20-30% increase in risk of CAD per copy of the deleterious alleles), the common occurrence of the variants means that their effect on the population risk of disease is estimated to be substantial. Studies investigating the relationship between risk variants and both "classical" and "emerging" atherosclerotic risk factors have found no evidence of association. This suggests that the effect of the 9p21 locus on atherosclerotic risk is mediated via a hitherto unknown pathway potentially amenable to therapeutic modulation. Investigation of potential disease mechanisms at this locus is therefore a focus of intense interest. In this review, we discuss the progress that has been made in the study of mechanisms and highlight the outstanding research questions.
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Wang B, Meng D, Wang J, Liu S, Zhou S, Miao Z, Han L, Chu N, Zhang K, Ma X, Li C. Genetic association of polymorphism rs1333049 with gout. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1559-1561. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Conde L, Bevan S, Sitzer M, Klopp N, Illig T, Thiery J, Seissler J, Baumert J, Raitakari O, Kähönen M, Lyytikäinen LP, Laaksonen R, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T, Koernig W, Halperin E, Markus HS. Novel associations for coronary artery disease derived from genome wide association studies are not associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness, suggesting they do not act via early atherosclerosis or vessel remodeling. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:684-9. [PMID: 21924425 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified associations with myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease (CAD), but the mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely unclear. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a measure of early arterial remodeling and arteriosclerosis. Therefore, if CAD associated SNPs are also associated with carotid IMT; it suggests that they are acting via the early stages of the atherosclerotic process. METHODS In three large community based independent populations (CAPS, KORA and Young Finns) of European ancestry in which common carotid IMT had been measured (total 4961 individuals), we determined whether SNPs that have been associated with CAD in GWAS studies are also associated with carotid IMT. Associations with plaque were not examined. RESULTS We identified 11 SNPs and one haplotype previously associated with CAD. None of these were associated with common carotid IMT. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that SNPs associated with CAD on GWAS are also associated with carotid IMT. This suggests these genetic associations are not acting via early vessel remodeling or early arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Conde
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Harrison SC, Cooper JA, Li K, Talmud PJ, Sofat R, Stephens JW, Hamsten A, Sanders J, Montgomery H, Neil A, Humphries SE. Association of a sequence variant in DAB2IP with coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J 2011; 33:881-8. [PMID: 21444365 PMCID: PMC3345557 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims A sequence variant, rs7025486[A], in DAB2IP on chromosome 9q33 has recently been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). We sought to replicate this finding and to investigate associations with a panel of inflammatory and haemostatic biomarkers. We also sought to examine whether this variant, in combination with a chromosome 9p21 CHD variant (rs10757278) and the Framingham risk score (FRS), could improve the prediction of events compared with the FRS alone. Methods and results rs7025486 was genotyped in 1386 CHD cases and 3532 controls and was associated with CHD [odds ratio (OR) of 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.29, P= 0.003]. Meta-analysis, using data from the original report and from genome-wide association studies in both the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium and the Cardiovascular Health Study, comprising 9968 cases and 20 048 controls, confirmed the association (OR of 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.14, P= 3.2 × 10−6). There was no association with a panel of CHD biomarkers, including any lipid, inflammation, or coagulation trait, nor with telomere length. Addition to the FRS of this variant plus rs10757278 on chromosome 9p21 improved the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AROC) from 0.61 to 0.64 (P= 0.03) as well as improving the reclassification (net reclassification index = 11.1%, P= 0.007). Conclusion This study replicates a previous association of a variant in DAB2IP with CHD. Addition of multiple variants improves the performance of predictive models based upon classical cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus C Harrison
- BHF Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London (UCL), The Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Paynter NP. Does the 9p21 Genetic Variant Have a Role in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction? Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep 2011; 5:159-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-010-0150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lin HF, Tsai PC, Lin RT, Khor GT, Sheu SH, Juo SH. Sex differential genetic effect of chromosome 9p21 on subclinical atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15124. [PMID: 21152093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 9p21 has recently been shown to be a risk region for a broad range of vascular diseases. Since carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque are independent predictors for vascular diseases, the association between 9p21 and these two phenotypes was investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Carotid segment-specific IMT and plaques were obtained in 1083 stroke- and myocardial infarction-free volunteers. We tested the genotypes and haplotypes of key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 9p21 for the associations with carotid IMT and plaque. Multivariate permutation analyses demonstrated that carriers of the T allele of SNP rs1333040 were significantly associated with thicker common carotid artery (CCA) IMT (p=0.021) and internal carotid artery (ICA) IMT (p=0.033). The risk G allele of SNP rs2383207 was associated with ICA IMT (p=0.007). Carriers of the C allele of SNP rs1333049 were found to be significantly associated with thicker ICA IMT (p=0.010) and the greater risk for the presence of carotid plaque (OR=1.57 for heterozygous carriers; OR=1.75 for homozygous carriers). Haplotype analysis showed a global p value of 0.031 for ICA IMT and 0.115 for the presence of carotid plaque. Comparing with the other haplotypes, the risk TGC haplotype yielded an adjusted p value of 0.011 and 0.017 for thicker ICA IMT and the presence of carotid plaque respectively. Further analyzing the data separated by sex, the results were significant only in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Chromosome 9p21 had a significant association with carotid atherosclerosis, especially ICA IMT. Furthermore, such genetic effect was in a gender-specific manner in the Han Chinese population.
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Abstract
Human genetic variation can modulate pathophysiologic processes that alter susceptibility to complex disease. Recent genomic analyses have sought to identify how common genetic variation alters susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD). From genome-wide association studies (GWAS), common genetic variants in several novel chromosomal loci have been associated with CAD. GWAS identified the 9p21 locus as the strongest independent genetic CAD risk factor, along with 11 additional loci that harbor common genetic variants associated with increased CAD risk. A thorough understanding of human genetic variation and genomic analyses will be crucial to understand how GWAS-identified loci increase susceptibility to CAD. This article outlines the relevance of genetic variation in the elucidation of novel CAD risk factors and the clinical utility of genetic variants in the management and treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Johansen
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada
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Musunuru K, Post WS, Herzog W, Shen H, O'Connell JR, McArdle PF, Ryan KA, Gibson Q, Cheng YC, Clearfield E, Johnson AD, Tofler G, Yang Q, O'Donnell CJ, Becker DM, Yanek LR, Becker LC, Faraday N, Bielak LF, Peyser PA, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 9p21.3 with platelet reactivity: a potential mechanism for increased vascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 3:445-53. [PMID: 20858905 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.109.923508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified a locus on chromosome 9p21.3 to be strongly associated with myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. To gain insights into the mechanisms underlying these associations, we hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this region would be associated with platelet reactivity across multiple populations. METHODS AND RESULTS Subjects in the initial population included 1402 asymptomatic Amish adults in whom we measured platelet reactivity (n=788) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) (n=939). Platelet reactivity on agonist stimulation was measured by impedance aggregometry, and CAC was measured by electron beam CT. Twenty-nine SNPs at the 9p21.3 locus were genotyped using the Affymetrix 500K array. Twelve correlated SNPs in the locus were significantly associated with platelet reactivity (all P≤0.001). The SNP most strongly associated with platelet reactivity, rs10965219 (P=0.0002), also was associated with CAC (P=0.002) along with 9 other SNPs (all P<0.004). Association of rs10965219 with platelet reactivity persisted after adjustment for CAC, a measure of underlying atherosclerotic burden known to affect platelet reactivity. We then tested rs10965219 for association with platelet function in 2364 subjects from the Framingham Heart Study and 1169 subjects from the Genetic Study of Aspirin Responsiveness. The rs10965219 G allele (frequency ≈51% across all 3 populations) was significantly associated with higher platelet reactivity in the Framingham Heart Study (P=0.001) and trended toward higher reactivity in the Genetic Study of Aspirin Responsiveness (P=0.087); the combined P value for metaanalysis was 0.0002. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that risk alleles at 9p21.3 locus may have pleiotropic effects on myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease and stroke risk, possibly through their influence on platelet reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Musunuru
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kiechl S, Laxton RC, Xiao Q, Hernesniemi JA, Raitakari OT, Kähönen M, Mayosi BM, Jula A, Moilanen L, Willeit J, Watkins H, Samani NJ, Lehtimäki TJ, Keavney B, Xu Q, Ye S. Coronary artery disease-related genetic variant on chromosome 10q11 is associated with carotid intima-media thickness and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 30:2678-83. [PMID: 20847302 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.213785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether chromosome 10q11.21 influences common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerosis and whether it is associated with stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) plasma levels. METHODS AND RESULTS Variation on chromosome 10q11.21 has been consistently associated with coronary artery disease. The genetic variant lies upstream of the gene encoding SDF-1α. We genotyped 3 population cohorts (Bruneck [age range, 45 to 94 years; 50.0% men; n=738], Health2000 [age range, 46 to 76 years; 55.4% men; n=1237], and essential hypertension in families collected in the region of Oxford [HTO] [age range, 19 to 88 years; 47.9% men; n=770]) for single-nucleotide polymorphism rs501120 at the 10q11.21 locus and conducted a meta-analysis in these cohorts to ascertain a relationship between the polymorphism and carotid IMT. The analysis showed that individuals with the T/T genotype had a significantly higher carotid IMT than individuals with the C/T or C/C genotype (pooled weighted mean difference, 23 μm [95% CI, 9 to 37 μm], P=0.0014 under a fixed-effects model; and 23 μm [95% CI, 6 to 41 μm], P=0.009 under a random-effects model). In the Bruneck cohort, in which data for carotid atherosclerosis and plasma SDF-1α levels were available, we observed an association of the T/T genotype with a higher burden of atherosclerosis and increased susceptibility to the development of atherosclerosis during a 5-year follow-up (multivariable odds ratio, 1.73 [95% CI, 1.18 to 2.52]; P=0.005 for the recessive model) and an association between the T/T genotype and lower SDF-1α levels (2.62 ng/mL for T/T versus 2.74 ng/mL for C/C or C/T; P=0.023). CONCLUSIONS The coronary heart disease-related variant at the 10q11.21 locus is associated with carotid IMT and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an inflammatory-metabolic disease in which atherosclerotic plaques cause stenosis of the coronary arteries, leading to acute clinical complications such as myocardial infarction. Since CAD is a multifactorial, polygenic disease with a substantial environmental component, individual risk prediction and stratification is often difficult. Recent technological advances have resulted in substantial progress elucidating the impact of common genetic variation on CAD progression. The discovery of common genetic variants, including the chromosome 9p21.3 locus as the strongest and most highly replicated independent genetic CAD risk factor, has stimulated interest in genetic testing for CAD-associated risk variants. The ultimate goal of genotype-based CAD risk prediction is to improve upon the discrimination and stratification offered by conventional risk factors alone. Genotype-based CAD risk prediction may eventually have clinical utility, but not without intrinsic complexities. Are genotype variables superior predictors of risk compared to a family history of CAD? Is a 10-year risk prediction window ambitious enough for the predictive power of genotype data? This review will outline the current state of genotype-based CAD risk prediction and highlight challenging issues integral to the successful implementation of genetic testing for CAD.
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Cunnington MS, Kay C, Avery PJ, Mayosi BM, Koref MS, Keavney B. STK39 polymorphisms and blood pressure: an association study in British Caucasians and assessment of cis-acting influences on gene expression. BMC Med Genet 2009; 10:135. [PMID: 20003416 PMCID: PMC2803166 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Blood pressure (BP) has significant heritability, but the genes responsible remain largely unknown. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the STK39 locus were recently associated with hypertension by genome-wide association in an Amish population; in vitro data from transient transfection experiments using reporter constructs suggested that altered STK39 expression might mediate the effect. However, other large studies have not implicated STK39 in hypertension. We determined whether reported SNPs influenced STK39 expression in vivo, or were associated with BP in a large British Caucasian cohort. Methods 1372 members of 247 Caucasian families ascertained through a hypertensive proband were genotyped for reported risk variants in STK39 (rs6749447, rs3754777, rs35929607) using Sequenom technology. MERLIN software was used for family-based association testing. Cis-acting influences on expression were assessed in vivo using allelic expression ratios in cDNA from peripheral blood cells in 35 South African individuals heterozygous for a transcribed SNP in STK39 (rs1061471) and quantified by mass spectrometry (Sequenom). Results No significant association was seen between the SNPs tested and systolic or diastolic BP in clinic or ambulatory measurements (all p > 0.05). The tested SNPs were all associated with allelic expression differences in peripheral blood cells (p < 0.05), with the most significant association for the intronic SNP rs6749447 (P = 9.9 × 10-4). In individuals who were heterozygous for this SNP, on average the G allele showed 13% overexpression compared to the T allele. Conclusions STK39 expression is modified by polymorphisms acting in cis and the typed SNPs are associated with allelic expression of this gene, but there is no evidence for an association with BP in a British Caucasian cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Cunnington
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Sharma K, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, Musunuru K. Clinical and research applications of carotid intima-media thickness. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103:1316-20. [PMID: 19406278 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging modalities such as coronary computed tomography, carotid ultrasonography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging are increasingly being used to measure cardiovascular disease progression. Imaging measures, most notably carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), are being applied as surrogate markers for clinical end points such as myocardial infarction and death in clinical trials. Clinicians and their patients are faced with the challenge of evaluating these imaging measures for their efficacy and practicality in clinical practice, as well as in clinical trials. The investigators determined from a review of clinical trials and guidelines that CIMT measurement may be useful in evaluating cardiovascular disease risk in select patient populations but may not always be an appropriate surrogate for clinical end points. In conclusion, although CIMT has clear advantages over alternative cardiovascular imaging modalities, ultimately, prospective trials comparing the effectiveness of CIMT as a predictive tool of cardiovascular risk with that of other novel markers would best direct clinical recommendations for this imaging measure.
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