1
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Chen Y, Wei Y, Tang W. The role of hydrogen in the prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176586. [PMID: 38615891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a primary cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS), which is characterized by chronic inflammation and lipid oxidative deposition. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and has potential to ameliorate glycolipid metabolism disorders, which is believed to exert beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of CHD. It is suggested that H2 reduces inflammation in CHD by regulating multiple pathways, including NF-κB inflammatory pathway, pyroptosis, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Additionally, H2 may improve glycolipid metabolism by mediation of PI3K and AMPK signalling pathways, contributing to inhibition of the occurrence and development of CHD. This review elaborates pathogenesis of CHD and evaluates the role of H2 in CHD. Moreover, possible molecular mechanisms have been discussed and speculated, aiming to provide more strategies and directions for subsequent studies of H2 in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Chen
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Hydrogen Medicine Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 271100, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, PR China.
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2
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Lian N, Mao X, Su Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhu R, Yu Y, Xie K. Hydrogen-rich medium ameliorates lipopolysaccharides-induced mitochondrial fission and dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via up-regulating HO-1 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108936. [PMID: 35738091 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It has been showed that the change of mitochondrial dynamics has been proved to be one of the main causes of death in patients with severe sepsis. And hydrogen has been proved to exert its protective effects against sepsis via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This study was designed to demonstrate that whether the benefit effects of hydrogen can maintain the dynamic process of mitochondrial fusion/fission to mitigate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury exposed to endotoxin through HO-1. METHODS HUVECs cells cultured with medium which contained Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Saline, hydrogen, Mdivi-1 (a dynamin-related protein 1 [Drp1] inhibitor) or zinc protoporphyrin IX (Znpp) (a HO-1 inhibitor) were also used in the research. Cell death and apoptosis were assessed using FITC annexin V and PI. Mitochondria were stained with Mitotracker orange and observed by confocal microscope. Oxygen consumption rate was assessed by seahorse xf24 extracellular analyzer. Mitochondrial membrane potential monitored by JC-1 dye. The expressions of Drp1 and HO-1 were tested by Western blot. The co-localization of Drp1 and mitochondria was determined by immunofluorescence. RESULTS LPS caused a decrease in ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and maximal respiration rate. At the same time, increased expression of Drp1 were observed in LPS-stimulated HUVECs, concomitantly with excessive mitochondrial fission. We found that hydrogen-rich medium can increase ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential and maximal respiration rate, and decrease the expression of Drp1 in LPS-treated HUVECs. Meanwhile, hydrogen can ameliorate excessive mitochondrial fission caused by LPS. Furthermore, hydrogen-rich medium had a similar effect to Mdivi-1, a mitochondrial fission blocker. Both of them rescued the up-regulation of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission induced by LPS, then normalized mitochondrial shape after LPS stimulation. But after Znpp pretreatment, HO-1 expression was inhibited and the protective effects of hydrogen were abrogated. CONCLUSIONS Hydrogen-rich medium can alleviate the LPS-induced mitochondrial fusion/fission and dysfunction in HUVECs via HO-1 up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naqi Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xing Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanchao Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuzun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ruqing Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatology Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
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3
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Kong X, Lu T, Lu YY, Yin Z, Xu K. Effect of Hydrogen Inhalation Therapy on Hearing Loss of Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma After Radiotherapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:828370. [PMID: 35433731 PMCID: PMC9008775 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.828370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of hydrogen inhalation in improving hearing loss in patients with long-term survival of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. Methods The eustachian tube dysfunction score, pure tone air conduction threshold, bone conduction threshold, the score of tympanogram and otoscope were prospectively observed in patients with deafness after radiotherapy only or combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Paired t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data before and after treatment. Results A total of 17 patients were observed. The median time from radiotherapy to now was 228 months, and the median time from the diagnose of deafness to now was 92 months. After 4 weeks of hydrogen inhalation, the score of eustachian tube dysfunction, air conduction and bone conduction hearing thresholds were significantly reduced, P values were 0.0293, 0.0027, 0.0404, respectively. The mean air-bone gap, the score of otoendoscopy and tympanogram were also decreased, but the differences were not significant (P = 0.2079, P = 0.0536, P = 0.1056). Patients with radiotherapy alone and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy had significantly lower air conduction hearing threshold after hydrogen absorption (P = 0.0142, P = 0.0495). The results of air and bone hearing thresholds before, 4 and 12 weeks after hydrogen inhalation showed a descending trend. The air and bone hearing thresholds before hydrogen inhalation were 74.69 ± 27.03 dB and 45.70 ± 21.58 dB, respectively. At the 12th week, the mean values of air and bone hearing thresholds were the lowest, which were 66.88 ± 20.88 dB and 40.94 ± 18.93 dB, respectively, but there was no significant difference in air and bone hearing thresholds among all groups (P = 0.6755, P = 0.7712). After hydrogen inhalation treatment, no adverse reactions such as nosebleed, chest pain, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, earache and allergic reaction were observed. Conclusion This is the first prospective study on the effect of hydrogen inhalation on hearing improvement in patients with deafness after radiotherapy/chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, suggesting that continuous hydrogen inhalation may be an alternative rehabilitation therapy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Kong
- Hydrogen Medicine Institute, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Lu
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You-Yong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Faculty of Medical Science, The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kecheng Xu
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4
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Yuan B, Liu H, Dong X, Pan X, Sun X, Sun J, Pan LL. A Novel Resveratrol Analog Upregulates SIRT1 Expression and Ameliorates Neointima Formation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:756098. [PMID: 34796214 PMCID: PMC8594564 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.756098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointima formation is a serious complication caused by mechanical trauma to the vessel. (R)-4,6-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indanone [(R)-TML 104] is a synthesized analog of the natural product resveratrol sesquiterpenes (±)-isopaucifloral F. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of (R)-TML104 on neointima formation. Our results showed that (R)-TML104 prevented neointima formation based on a carotid artery injury model in mice. Furthermore, (R)-TML104 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotypic transformation, evidenced by increased α-smooth muscle actin, reduced VSMC proliferation, and migration. Simultaneously, (R)-TML104 upregulated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression in VSMC. We further uncovered that SIRT1 expression is critical for the inhibitory effects of (R)-TML104 on PDGF-BB-induced VSMC phenotypic transformation in vitro and injury-induced neointima formation in vivo. Finally, (R)-TML104-upregulated SIRT1 inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC phenotypic transformation by downregulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 expression via decreasing nuclear factor-κB acetylation. Taken together, these results revealed that (R)-TML104 upregulates SIRT1 expression and ameliorates neointima formation. Therefore, the application of (R)-TML104 may constitute an effective strategy to ameliorate neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Yuan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - He Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xun Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Long Pan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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5
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Qiu L, Hu L, Liu X, Li W, Zhang X, Xia H, Zhang C. Physalin B inhibits PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:10950-10966. [PMID: 34647944 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01926k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vascular intimal hyperplasia is a hallmark event in vascular restenosis. The excessive proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles in the pathological mechanism of vascular intimal hyperplasia. Physalin B is an alcoholate isolated from Physalis (Solanaceae) that has a wide range of biological activities. However, the effect of physalin B on VSMCs is currently unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that physalin B significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB. Physalin B also reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB. Mechanistic studies showed that physalin B plays a role mainly by activating Nrf2. After Nrf2 activation, physalin B mitigates oxidative stress by enhancing the expression of the antioxidant gene HO-1; on the other hand, physalin B inhibits the NF-κB pathway to alleviate the inflammatory response. These two effects ultimately reduce the proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB. In addition, in the mouse carotid artery ligation model, physalin B prevented intimal hyperplasia and inhibited the proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation of cells in the hyperplastic intima. In conclusion, we provided significant evidence that physalin B abrogates PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, phenotypic transformation and intimal hyperplasia by activating Nrf2-mediated signal transduction. Therefore, physalin B may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing or treating restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, P.R. China
| | - Xutao Zhang
- Jianshi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jianshi, Hubei 445300, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, P.R. China.
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6
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Qin S. Role of Hydrogen in Atherosclerotic Disease: From Bench to Bedside. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:713-722. [PMID: 33234094 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201124112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Given our recent understanding of its role as a small-molecule antioxidant and anti- inflammatory agent, hydrogen may play an important role in preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. In the past decade, more than 50 publications in the English language literature considered the role of hydrogen as an anti-atherosclerotic agent. In this review, we summarized the pathophysiological characteristics and risk factors associated with atherosclerosis (AS) and the laboratory research data that focuses on hydrogen to prevent and treat this condition, including the responses observed in both animal models and human studies. We will also consider the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of hydrogen molecules with respect to atherosclerotic disease. Future studies might include clinical trials with larger sample populations as well as experiments designed to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with hydrogen treatment in greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucun Qin
- The Institute of Atherosclerosis and Taishan Institute for Hydrogen Biomedicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271000, China
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7
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Zhang L, Yu H, Tu Q, He Q, Huang N. New Approaches for Hydrogen Therapy of Various Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:636-649. [PMID: 33308113 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201211114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen therapy has recently received increasing attention as an emerging and promising therapeutic technology due to its selective antioxidant property and cell energy regulatory capability in vivo. To solve the low solubility issue of hydrogen, a variety of nanomaterials and devices for hydrogen supply have recently been developed, aiming to increase the concentration of hydrogen in the specific disease site and realize controlled hydrogen release and combined treatment. In this review, we mainly focus on the latest advances in using hydrogen-generating devices and nanomaterials for hydrogen therapy. These developments include sustained release of H2, controlled release of H2, versatile modalities of synergistic therapy, etc. Also, bio-safety issues and challenges are discussed to further promote the clinical applications of hydrogen therapy and the development of hydrogen medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Han Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiufen Tu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianjun He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Ohta S. Direct Targets and Subsequent Pathways for Molecular Hydrogen to Exert Multiple Functions: Focusing on Interventions in Radical Reactions. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:595-609. [PMID: 32767925 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200806101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) was long regarded as non-functional in mammalian cells. We overturned the concept by demonstrating that H2 exhibits antioxidant effects and protects cells against oxidative stress. Subsequently, it has been revealed that H2 has multiple functions in addition to antioxidant effects, including antiinflammatory, anti-allergic functions, and as cell death and autophagy regulation. Additionally, H2 stimulates energy metabolism. As H2 does not readily react with most biomolecules without a catalyst, it is essential to identify the primary targets with which H2 reacts or interacts directly. As a first event, H2 may react directly with strong oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in vivo. This review addresses the key issues related to this in vivo reaction. •OH may have a physiological role because it triggers a free radical chain reaction and may be involved in the regulation of Ca2+- or mitochondrial ATP-dependent K+-channeling. In the subsequent pathway, H2 suppressed a free radical chain reaction, leading to decreases in lipid peroxide and its end products. Derived from the peroxides, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal functions as a mediator that up-regulates multiple functional PGC-1α. As the other direct target in vitro and in vivo, H2 intervenes in the free radical chain reaction to modify oxidized phospholipids, which may act as an antagonist of Ca2+-channels. The resulting suppression of Ca2+-signaling inactivates multiple functional NFAT and CREB transcription factors, which may explain H2 multi-functionality. This review also addresses the involvement of NFAT in the beneficial role of H2 in COVID-19, Alzheimer's disease and advanced cancer. We discuss some unsolved issues of H2 action on lipopolysaccharide signaling, MAPK and NF-κB pathways and the Nrf2 paradox. Finally, as a novel idea for the direct targeting of H2, this review introduces the possibility that H2 causes structural changes in proteins via hydrate water changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Ohta
- Department of Neurology Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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9
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Nie C, Ding X, A R, Zheng M, Li Z, Pan S, Yang W. Hydrogen gas inhalation alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by the inhibition of oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 272:119248. [PMID: 33621592 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Reperfusion therapy is the most common and effective treatment against ischemic heart disease (IHD), but the process inflicts massive ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury for which no treatment exists. Notably, reperfusion after ischemia causes ischemia/reperfusion injury (IR injury) and the "no-reflow" phenomenon seriously affecting the therapeutic effects in clinical practice. The principle purpose of this study is to validate the effect of hydrogen gas on IHD and further explore the mechanism of hydrogen gas in alleviating myocardial I/R injury and no-reflow phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion was well established. Myocardial infarct size was evaluated by TTC & Evans blue staining. The no-reflow area and the cardiac function were assessed by thioflavin-S staining and echocardiography respectively. Microstructure and mitochondria of myocardial tissue were assessed by transmission electron microscope. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis related proteins. The 8-OHdG, MDA and serum total ROS were used to evaluate the degree of oxidative stress. KEY FINDINGS The myocardial infarct size, no-reflow area, cardiac function, microstructure and mitochondrial morphology of I/R model rats were significantly improved after hydrogen inhalation. In addition, the expression of 8-OHdG, MDA, ROS and NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis related proteins were significantly decreased. SIGNIFICANCE We found that oxidative stress and NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis are the important mechanisms for hydrogen to alleviate myocardial I/R injury, and we also confirmed that hydrogen can significantly improve no reflow phenomenon caused by ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Rong A
- Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zhenning Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China.
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10
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Nogueira JE, Amorim MR, Pinto AP, da Rocha AL, da Silva ASR, Branco LGS. Molecular hydrogen downregulates acute exhaustive exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:812-820. [PMID: 33356867 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage may be characterized by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis which may be beneficial when exercise is regular, but it is rather harmful when exercise is exhaustive and performed acutely by unaccustomed individuals. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agent, but its action on the deleterious effects of acute exhaustive exercise in muscle damage remain unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that H2 decreases acute exhaustive exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage of sedentary rats. Rats ran to exhaustion on a sealed treadmill inhaling an H2-containing mixture or the control gas. We measured oxidative stress (SOD, GSH, and TBARS), inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and NF-κB phosphorylation), and apoptotic (expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and HSP70) markers. Exercise caused no changes in SOD activity but increased TBARS levels. H2 caused increases in exercise-induced SOD activity and blunted exercise-induced increased TBARS levels. We observed exercise-induced TNF-α and IL-6 surges as well as NF-κB phosphorylation, which were blunted by H2. Exercise increased cleaved caspase-3 expression, and H2 reduced this response. In conclusion, H2 effectively downregulates muscle damage, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis after acute exhaustive exercise performed by an unaccustomed organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas E Nogueira
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus R Amorim
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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11
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Li L, Li X, Zhang Z, Liu L, Zhou Y, Liu F. Protective Mechanism and Clinical Application of Hydrogen in Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:103-112. [PMID: 31944068 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.103.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease accounts for one-third of all deaths, with ischemic heart disease as the main cause of death. Under pathological conditions, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) often occurs in tissues. Ischemic injury is mainly caused by anaerobic cell death and reperfusion which results in a wide range of inflammatory responses. These responses are able to increase tissue damage and even damage to the whole body. IRI can also aggravate the original cardiovascular disease during the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the mechanism of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) for clinical treatment and application. At the same time, it is necessary to find a safe, reliable and feasible method for treating MIRI to reduce the incidence of complications and mortality as well as improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. As a selective antioxidant, hydrogen can neutralize excessive free radicals, has certain anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects and it has gradually become a focus and hotspot of preclinical and clinical research. Hydrogen has been shown to have a certain therapeutic effect on MIRI, which can provide a new therapeutic direction for the clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, the protective mechanism and clinical application of hydrogen in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is discussed.
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12
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Constitutive hydrogen inhalation prevents vascular remodeling via reduction of oxidative stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227582. [PMID: 32302306 PMCID: PMC7164592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen is thought to have an inhibitory effect on oxidative stress, thereby attenuating the onset and progression of various diseases including cardiovascular disease; however, few reports have assessed the preventive effect of constitutive inhalation of hydrogen gas on of vascular remodeling. Here, we investigated the effect of constitutive inhalation of hydrogen gas on vascular neointima formation using a cuff-induced vascular injury mouse model. After constitutive inhalation of compressed hydrogen gas (O2 21%, N2 77.7%, hydrogen 1.3%) or compressed air only (O2 21%, N2 79%) by C57BL/6 mice for 2 weeks from 8 weeks of age in a closed chamber, inflammatory cuff injury was induced by polyethylene cuff placement around the femoral artery under anesthesia, and hydrogen gas administration was continued until sampling of the femoral artery. Neointima formation, accompanied by an increase in cell proliferation, was significantly attenuated in the hydrogen group compared with the control group. NADPH oxidase NOX1 downregulation in response to cuff injury was shown in the hydrogen group, but the expression levels of NADPH oxidase subunits, p40phox and p47phox, did not differ significantly between the hydrogen and control groups. Although the increase in superoxide anion production did not significantly differ between the hydrogen and control groups, DNA damage was decreased as a result of reduction of reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radical (⋅OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in the hydrogen group. These results demonstrate that constitutive inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates vascular remodeling partly via reduction of oxidative stress, suggesting that constitutive inhalation of hydrogen gas at a safe concentration in the living environment could be an effective strategy for prevention of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Liu Y, Wang DL, Huang YC, Wang TB, Zeng H. Hydrogen inhibits the osteoclastogenesis of mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110640. [PMID: 32204074 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is one of the major biodegradation products of magnesium (Mg) alloys implanted for bony fracture healing and reconstruction; H2 thus plays a significant role in the regulation of local microenvironment and the biology of resident cells. The interactions between the H2 and the local cells are of great interest, and a full understanding of the effect of H2 on bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) would accelerate the development of effective strategies for successful bony healing. This study investigates how H2, with different concentrations and durations, regulates the osteoclastogenesis of mouse BMMCs. First, using H2 with five concentrations (0%, 2%, 25%, 50% and 75%) and three durations (5, 7 and 10 days), the osteoclastogenesis of mouse BMMCs in these H2 conditions were measured using TRAP staining, F-actin ring formation assay, pit formation assay and RT-qPCR analysis. Based on these findings, the proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, western blot analysis and ELISA assay of BMMCs after osteoclast induction were performed. The findings showed that H2 (especially the 50% and 75% H2) obviously inhibited the osteoclast formation, function and osteoclast-related genes expression of osteoclast-induced BMMCs; additionally, H2 (50%) was found to reduce the proliferation, promote the apoptosis and inhibit the expression of osteoclast-related proteins of BMMCs with the presence of osteoclast-induced medium. Therefore, H2 significantly inhibited the osteoclastogenesis of mouse BMMCs, which may become a new therapeutic agent for anti-bony resorption and open new avenues for the translational research of Mg alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - De-Li Wang
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Yong-Can Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
| | - Tian-Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
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Nogueira JE, de Deus JL, Amorim MR, Batalhão ME, Leão RM, Carnio EC, Branco LG. Inhaled molecular hydrogen attenuates intense acute exercise-induced hippocampal inflammation in sedentary rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 715:134577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Tao G, Song G, Qin S. Molecular hydrogen: current knowledge on mechanism in alleviating free radical damage and diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1189-1197. [PMID: 31738389 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since molecular hydrogen was first reported as a hydroxyl radical scavenger in 2007, the beneficial effect of hydrogen was documented in more than 170 disease models and human diseases including ischemia/reperfusion injury, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and cancer. All these pathological damages are concomitant with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) where molecular hydrogen has been widely demonstrated as a selective antioxidant. Although it is difficult to construe the molecular mechanism of hydrogen's biomedical effect, an increasing number of studies have been helping us draw the picture clearer with days passing by. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on systemic and cellular modulation by hydrogen treatment. We discussed the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis effects of hydrogen, as well as its protection on mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and balancing of the immune cell subtypes. We hope that this review will provide organized information that prompts further investigation for in-depth studies of hydrogen effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geru Tao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in University of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Guohua Song
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in University of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Shucun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in University of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China
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Wang P, Liu J, Luo X, Xiong P, Gao S, Yan J, Li Y, Cheng Y, Xi T. A tannic acid-modified fluoride pre-treated Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy with antioxidant and platelet-repellent functionalities for vascular stent application. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7314-7325. [PMID: 31674636 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular stent interventional therapy, as a regular and effective therapy, has been widely used to treat coronary artery diseases. However, adverse events occur frequently after stent intervention, especially restenosis and late stent thrombosis. The targeted implanting site will suffer from severe atherosclerosis, which is considered as a chronic inflammatory disease. Meanwhile, with the over-expanding use of endovascular mechanical intervention, vascular injury has become an increasingly common issue. Lesions and newly induced vascular injury result in inflammatory and oxidative stress; meanwhile, activated macrophages and granulocytes generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to endothelial dysfunction and neointima hyperplasia. Therefore, attenuating oxidative stress and reducing ROS generation in the inflammatory response represent reasonable strategies to inhibit intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Herein, we have developed a multifunctional surface for the MgZnYNd alloy with tannic acid (TA) coating, and the pH dependence of the coating deposition is also demonstrated. The phenolic hydroxyl groups on the coatings endow the modified surface with excellent antioxidant functions. We found that the coating can be recycled, and the scavenging activity hardly weakened within five cycles. Also, the TA coating has a promising strong antioxidant activity as it shows a radical scavenging activity over 80% in long term. Moreover, the TA coating possesses platelet-repellent capability. No significant inflammatory response was observed for the TA modified sample in the rat subcutaneous implantation test. Combining these performances, we envision that the vascular stent modified with TA coating can have great potential in various applications by virtue of its simplicity and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road HaiDian District, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xujiang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China and Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Pan Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road HaiDian District, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shuang Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road HaiDian District, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jianglong Yan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road HaiDian District, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yangyang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road HaiDian District, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road HaiDian District, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tingfei Xi
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5, Yiheyuan Road HaiDian District, Beijing 100871, China.
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Huang B, Hu P, Hu A, Li Y, Shi W, Huang J, Jiang Q, Xu S, Li L, Wu Q. Naringenin attenuates carotid restenosis in rats after balloon injury through its anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative effects via the RIP1-RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:167-174. [PMID: 31075238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular restenosis has been proved as the major drawback of percutaneous coronary interventions, which is characterized by neointimal hyperplasia. Naringenin is a kind of natural dihydroflavonoid with a variety of beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of naringenin on vascular restenosis remain unclear. This study aimed at investigating the effect and the mechanisms of naringenin on balloon injury (BI)-induced neointimal hyperplasia in the common carotid artery (CCA). BI model of CCA was induced by a 2F Forgarty catheter balloon, and the pathological process of neointimal hyperplasia was noted at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Neointimal hyperplasia in CCA increased significantly, especially on day 14 after BI. Subsequently, naringenin (25, 50, 100 mg/kg/d) or volume-matched vehicle were administered to the rats by gavage daily for 14 days. Ultrasound detection and histopathological examination showed that naringenin dose-dependently inhibited BI-induced intimal hyperplasia, as evidenced by reducing imima-media thickness (IMT), neointimal area (NIA), neointimal area/media area (NIA/MA) and neointimal area/internal elastic area (NIA/IELA). Immunohistochemistry revealed that naringenin decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163). ELISA indicated naringenin significantly reduced the overproduction of IL-1β and TNF-α. By detecting the activity of superoxide dismutase and the level of malondialdehyde and glutathione, we found that naringenin attenuated BI-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, RT-qPCR demonstrated that receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), RIP3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) mRNA expression were further down-regulated by naringenin treatment. These results suggested that naringenin can suppress BI-induced vascular neointimal hyperplasia through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress, which may be related to the regulation of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563009, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Anling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563009, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563009, China
| | - Wanlan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563009, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563009, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shangfu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563009, China
| | - Lisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563009, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563009, China.
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18
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LeBaron TW, Kura B, Kalocayova B, Tribulova N, Slezak J. A New Approach for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders. Molecular Hydrogen Significantly Reduces the Effects of Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112076. [PMID: 31159153 PMCID: PMC6600250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Redox dysregulation and a dyshomeostasis of inflammation arise from, and result in, cellular aberrations and pathological conditions, which lead to cardiovascular diseases. Despite years of intensive research, there is still no safe and effective method for their prevention and treatment. Recently, molecular hydrogen has been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies on various diseases associated with oxidative and inflammatory stress such as radiation-induced heart disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial and brain infarction, storage of the heart, heart transplantation, etc. Hydrogen is primarily administered via inhalation, drinking hydrogen-rich water, or injection of hydrogen-rich saline. It favorably modulates signal transduction and gene expression resulting in suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, excess ROS production, and in the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant transcription factor. Although H2 appears to be an important biological molecule with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, the exact mechanisms of action remain elusive. There is no reported clinical toxicity; however, some data suggests that H2 has a mild hormetic-like effect, which likely mediate some of its benefits. The mechanistic data, coupled with the pre-clinical and clinical studies, suggest that H2 may be useful for ROS/inflammation-induced cardiotoxicity and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch City, UT, 847 21, USA.
| | - Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic.
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Tawa M, Shimosato T, Sakonjo H, Masuoka T, Nishio M, Ishibashi T, Okamura T. Chronological Change of Vascular Reactivity to cGMP Generators in the Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Artery. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:109-116. [PMID: 31085923 DOI: 10.1159/000498896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) exists as reduced, oxidized, and heme-free forms. Currently, it is unclear whether endovascular mechanical stenosis has an impact on vascular tone control by drugs targeting sGC, namely cGMP generators. METHODS Pharmacological responses to acidified sodium nitrite (reduced sGC stimulant) and BAY 60-2770 (oxidized/heme-free sGC stimulant) were studied in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries at several time points. In addition, sGC expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS At 1 day after injury, acidified sodium nitrite-induced relaxation was attenuated in the injured artery, whereas BAY 60-2770-induced relaxation was augmented. Similar attenuation of response to acidified sodium nitrite was seen at 7 and 14 days after injury. On the other hand, the augmentation of response to BAY 60-2770 disappeared at 7 and 14 days after injury. At 1 day after injury, the immunohistochemical expression pattern of sGC in the smooth muscle layer of the injured artery was not different from that of the uninjured artery. However, in the injured artery, the intensity of sGC staining was weak at 7 and 14 days after injury. CONCLUSION Balloon injury alters vascular responsiveness to cGMP generators, which seems to be associated with the form and/or expression of sGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan, .,Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan,
| | | | | | - Takayoshi Masuoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Matomo Nishio
- Department of Pharmacology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | | | - Tomio Okamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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20
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Kura B, Bagchi AK, Singal PK, Barancik M, LeBaron TW, Valachova K, Šoltés L, Slezák J. Molecular hydrogen: potential in mitigating oxidative-stress-induced radiation injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:287-292. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled production of oxygen and nitrogen radicals results in oxidative and nitrosative stresses that impair cellular functions and have been regarded as causative common denominators of many pathological processes. In this review, we report on the beneficial effects of molecular hydrogen in scavenging radicals in an artificial system of•OH formation. As a proof of principle, we also demonstrate that in rat hearts in vivo, administration of molecular hydrogen led to a significant increase in superoxide dismutase as well as pAKT, a cell survival signaling molecule. Irradiation of the rats caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, which was mitigated by pre-treatment of the animals with molecular hydrogen. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is regarded as an important regulator of oxyradical homeostasis, as well as it supports the functional integrity of cells, particularly under conditions of oxidative stress. We suggest that the beneficial effects of molecular hydrogen may be through the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway that promotes innate antioxidants and reduction of apoptosis, as well as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Kura
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ashim K. Bagchi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Pawan K. Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Tyler W. LeBaron
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, Utah 84721, USA
| | - Katarina Valachova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Šoltés
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Slezák
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Qiu L, Xu C, Chen J, Li Q, Jiang H. Downregulation of the transcriptional co-activator PCAF inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and attenuates NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:41-48. [PMID: 30935684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) regulates vascular inflammation. This study was to explore the effect of PCAF on the proliferation and migrationof vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. Downregulation of PCAF remarkably suppressed VSMCs proliferation and migration induced by lipopolysaccharide, and also significantly inhibit the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB p65. Meanwhile, downregulation of PCAF inhibited the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and also the levels in culture supernatants. Moreover, downregulation of PCAF profoundly reduced the intima area and the ratio of intima area to media area in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. In addition, the expression of PCNA and NF-κB p65 in intima were decreased by downregulation of PCAF. These results highlight that PCAF may be a potential target for prevention and treatment of neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis after angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Changwu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
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22
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Nogueira JE, Passaglia P, Mota CMD, Santos BM, Batalhão ME, Carnio EC, Branco LGS. Molecular hydrogen reduces acute exercise-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress status. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:186-193. [PMID: 30243702 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise induces inflammatory and oxidative markers production in the skeletal muscle and this process is under the control of both endogenous and exogenous modulators. Recently, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been described as a therapeutic gas able to reduced oxidative stress in a number of conditions. However, nothing is known about its putative role in the inflammatory and oxidative status during a session of acute physical exercise in sedentary rats. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that H2 attenuates both inflammation and oxidative stress induced by acute physical exercise. Rats ran at 80% of their maximum running velocity on a closed treadmill inhaling either the H2 gas (2% H2, 21% O2, balanced with N2) or the control gas (0% H2, 21% O2, balanced with N2) and were euthanized immediately or 3 h after exercise. We assessed plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] and oxidative markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx)]. In addition, we evaluated the phosphorylation status of intracellular signaling proteins [glycogen synthase kinase type 3 (GSK3α/β) and the cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB)] that modulate several processes in the skeletal muscle during exercise, including changes in exercise-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. As expected, physical exercise increased virtually all the analyzed parameters. In the running rats, H2 blunted exercise-induced plasma inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) surges. Regarding the oxidative stress markers, H2 caused further increases in exercise-induced SOD activity and attenuated the exercise-induced increases in TBARS 3 h after exercise. Moreover, GSK3α/β phosphorylation was not affected by exercise or H2 inhalation. Otherwise, exercise caused an increased CREB phosphorylation which was attenuated by H2. These data are consistent with the notion that H2 plays a key role in decreasing exercise-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas E Nogueira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Passaglia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Santos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo E Batalhão
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelin C Carnio
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of General and Specialized Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Physiology, and Basic Pathology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Ge L, Yang M, Yang NN, Yin XX, Song WG. Molecular hydrogen: a preventive and therapeutic medical gas for various diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102653-102673. [PMID: 29254278 PMCID: PMC5731988 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2007 discovery that molecular hydrogen (H2) has selective antioxidant properties, multiple studies have shown that H2 has beneficial effects in diverse animal models and human disease. This review discusses H2 biological effects and potential mechanisms of action in various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, organ injury, and cancer; describes effective H2 delivery approaches; and summarizes recent progress toward H2 applications in human medicine. We also discuss remaining questions in H2 therapy, and conclude with an appeal for a greater role for H2 in the prevention and treatment of human ailments that are currently major global health burdens. This review makes a case for supporting hydrogen medicine in human disease prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ge
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Taishan Medical University, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xin-Xin Yin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Gang Song
- Department of medical immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Tai-an City 271000, Shandong Province, PR China
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24
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Yan WM, Zhang L, Chen T, Zhao GH, Long P, An J, Zhang ZM. Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on endotoxin-induced uveitis. Med Gas Res 2017; 7:9-18. [PMID: 28480027 PMCID: PMC5402351 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.202905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) have been reported for a wide range of diseases mainly via selectively reducing the amount of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of uveitis and endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). In this study, we investigated whether HRS can mitigate EIU in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Norm group, Model group, HRS group, dexamethasone (DEX) group, and rats in the latter three groups were injected with equal amount of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce EIU of different severities (by 1 mg/kg of LPS, or 1/8 mg/kg of LPS). Rats in HRS group were injected with HRS intraperitoneally at three different modes to purse an ameliorating effect of EIU (10 mL/kg of HRS immediately after injection of 1 mg/kg of LPS, 20 mL/kg of HRS once a day for 1 week before injection of 1 mg/kg of LPS and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 8, 12 hours after LPS administration, or 20 mL/kg of HRS once a day for 1 week before injection of 1/8 mg/kg of LPS, and at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours and once a day for 3 weeks after LPS administration). Rats of DEX group were injected with 1 mL/kg of DEX solution intraperitoneally immediately after LPS administration. Rats in Norm and Model groups did not receive any treatment. All rats were examined under slit lamp microscope and graded according to the clinical signs of uveitis. Electroretinogram, quantitative analysis of protein in aqueous humor (AqH) and histological examination of iris and ciliary body were also carried out. Our results showed that HRS did not obviously ameliorate the signs of uveitis under slit lamp examination and the inflammatory cells infiltration around iris and cilliary body of EIU induced by 1 mg/kg or 1/8 mg/kg of LPS (P > 0.05), while DEX significantly reduced the inflammation reflected by the above two indicators (P < 0.05). The impaired retinal function of mild EIU induced by 1/8 mg/kg of LPS, showed by delay of peak time of b-wave of Dark adapted 3.0 electroretinogram, was not significantly restored by HRS (P > 0.05), while DEX had an obvious therapeutic effect (P < 0.05). However, HRS exerted an inhibition trend on elevation of protein in AqH of EIU induced by 1 mg/kg of LPS, and significantly reduced the increasing amount of protein in AqH of mild EIU induced by 1/8 mg/kg of LPS (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HRS could not obviously mitigate EIU in rats, while it could inhibit the elevation of AqH protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Health Service, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guan-Hua Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pan Long
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing An
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zuo-Ming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Aerospace Medicine, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the National Education Ministry, Fourth Military University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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25
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Slezák J, Kura B, Frimmel K, Zálešák M, Ravingerová T, Viczenczová C, Okruhlicová Ľ, Tribulová N. Preventive and therapeutic application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals. Physiol Res 2017; 65 Suppl 1:S11-28. [PMID: 27643933 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive production of oxygen free radicals has been regarded as a causative common denominator of many pathological processes in the animal kingdom. Hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals represent the major cause of the destruction of biomolecules either by a direct reaction or by triggering a chain reaction of free radicals. Scavenging of free radicals may act preventively or therapeutically. A number of substances that preferentially react with free radicals can serve as scavengers, thus increasing the internal capacity/activity of endogenous antioxidants and protecting cells and tissues against oxidative damage. Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) reacts with strong oxidants, such as hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals, in the cells, that enables utilization of its potential for preventive and therapeutic applications. H(2) rapidly diffuses into tissues and cells without affecting metabolic redox reactions and signaling reactive species. H(2) reduces oxidative stress also by regulating gene expression, and functions as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent. There is a growing body of evidence based on the results of animal experiments and clinical observations that H(2) may represent an effective antioxidant for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. Application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals, in particular, hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals is relatively simple and effective, therefore, it deserves special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Slezák
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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26
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Guo J, Pereira TJ, Dalvi P, Yeung LSN, Swain N, Breen DM, Lam L, Dolinsky VW, Giacca A. High-dose metformin (420mg/kg daily p.o.) increases insulin sensitivity but does not affect neointimal thickness in the rat carotid balloon injury model of restenosis. Metabolism 2017; 68:108-118. [PMID: 28183442 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our laboratory has shown that insulin's effect to decrease neointimal thickness after arterial injury is greatly diminished in insulin resistant conditions. Thus, in these conditions, a better alternative to insulin could be to use an insulin sensitizing agent. Metformin, the most commonly prescribed insulin sensitizer, has a cardiovascular protective role. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential benefit of metformin on neointimal area after arterial injury in a rat model of restenosis. METHODS Rats fed with either normal or high fat diet and treated with or without oral metformin (420mg/kg daily) underwent carotid balloon injury. Effects of metformin on clamp-determined insulin sensitivity, vessel AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation (activation marker) and neointimal area were evaluated. RESULTS Metformin increased insulin sensitivity, but did not affect neointimal thickness in either the normal fat or high fat diet-fed rats. Furthermore, metformin activated AMPK in uninjured but not in injured vessels. Similarly, 10mmol/L metformin inhibited proliferation and activated AMPK in smooth muscle cells of uninjured but not injured vessels, whereas 2mmol/L metformin did not have any effect. CONCLUSION In rats, metformin does not decrease neointimal growth after arterial injury, despite increasing whole body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Guo
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Troy J Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Prasad Dalvi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Lucy Shu Nga Yeung
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Nathan Swain
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Danna M Breen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Loretta Lam
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 3P4
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
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27
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He Y, Shi JZ, Zhang RJ, Zhai DX, Zhang D, Yu CQ, Liu YH. Effects of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation on Endometriosis in Rats. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:324-331. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116655622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - J. Z. Shi
- Graduate Management Unit, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - R. J. Zhang
- Department of Naval Aeromedicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - D. X. Zhai
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - D. Zhang
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - C. Q. Yu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y. H. Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Ichihara M, Sobue S, Ito M, Ito M, Hirayama M, Ohno K. Beneficial biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of molecular hydrogen - comprehensive review of 321 original articles. Med Gas Res 2015; 5:12. [PMID: 26483953 PMCID: PMC4610055 DOI: 10.1186/s13618-015-0035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen for a wide range of disease models and human diseases have been investigated since 2007. A total of 321 original articles have been published from 2007 to June 2015. Most studies have been conducted in Japan, China, and the USA. About three-quarters of the articles show the effects in mice and rats. The number of clinical trials is increasing every year. In most diseases, the effect of hydrogen has been reported with hydrogen water or hydrogen gas, which was followed by confirmation of the effect with hydrogen-rich saline. Hydrogen water is mostly given ad libitum. Hydrogen gas of less than 4 % is given by inhalation. The effects have been reported in essentially all organs covering 31 disease categories that can be subdivided into 166 disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and pathophysiological conditions of plants with a predominance of oxidative stress-mediated diseases and inflammatory diseases. Specific extinctions of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were initially presented, but the radical-scavenging effect of hydrogen cannot be held solely accountable for its drastic effects. We and others have shown that the effects can be mediated by modulating activities and expressions of various molecules such as Lyn, ERK, p38, JNK, ASK1, Akt, GTP-Rac1, iNOS, Nox1, NF-κB p65, IκBα, STAT3, NFATc1, c-Fos, and ghrelin. Master regulator(s) that drive these modifications, however, remain to be elucidated and are currently being extensively investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Ichihara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Sayaka Sobue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, 487-8501 Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| | - Masaaki Hirayama
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daiko-Minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673 Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
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29
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Runtuwene J, Amitani H, Amitani M, Asakawa A, Cheng KC, Inui A. Hydrogen-water enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced inhibition of colon cancer. PeerJ 2015; 3:e859. [PMID: 25870767 PMCID: PMC4393812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in cancer development. Hydrogen (H2) is a potent antioxidant and exhibits anti-inflammatory and potentially anticancer-like activities. This study aimed to investigate the role of H2 incombination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cancer treatment both in vitro and in vivo using the colon 26 cell line. The survival rate was determined using the Kaplan–Meier survival test, and cell viability was assessed using cell viability imaging kit and the MTT assay, and activation of the cell apoptosis pathway (Phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Caspase 3) were characterized by western blots. Hydrogen water administration improved the survival of mice with colon 26-induced cancer. Furthermore, hydrogen water enhanced cell apoptosis in cancer cells, resulting in a marked increase in the expression of p-AMPK, AIF and Caspase 3 in colon 26 cells. Hydrogen water also increased the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on colon 26 cells with spect to cell survival rate and anticancer functions. Additionally, high-content hydrogen water exhibited stronger antioxidative and anticancer activity than did the natural hydrogen water. In conclusion, high-content hydrogen water can inhibit colon cancer, particularly in combination with 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Runtuwene
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan ; Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University , Manado , Indonesia
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Marie Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Kagoshima , Japan
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30
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Del Turco S, Sartini S, Sentieri C, Saponaro C, Navarra T, Dario B, Da Settimo F, La Motta C, Basta G. A novel 2,3-diphenyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one derivative inhibits endothelial cell dysfunction and smooth muscle cell proliferation/activation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 72:102-9. [PMID: 24361522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cell dysfunction are central events in the development of neo-intimal lesions. Pursuing our interest in the synthesis of bioisosters of flavonoids, we studied in depth a novel synthetic 2,3-diphenyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one derivative, examining its effects in vitro on induced-cell proliferation and activation in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Compared with two well known flavonoids, apigenin and quercetin, the novel compound, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one, 3, was not toxic for HUVECs, even at high concentrations and for long incubation times, while the two flavonoids were not tolerated, even at concentrations as low as 10 μmol/L. Compound 3 inhibited selectively, and in a concentration-dependent manner, the proliferation of HAoSMCs but not that of HUVECs. In HUVECs, it inhibited the cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, but not the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Instead, in HAoSMC, it inhibited the induction of COX-2 expression and the relative release of prostaglandin E2. In addition, it inhibited the transcription of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 and its activity. Thanks to its multiple and tissue-specific function, 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one might replace or assist the action of current drugs eluted by coronary stents, in order to promote a functional repair of damaged wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Del Turco
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Sartini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cassandra Sentieri
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Saponaro
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa Navarra
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Bianca Dario
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Basta
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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31
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Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation attenuates TLR4-mediated proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Transl Med 2013; 93:880-7. [PMID: 23774581 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with inflammation and vasculature dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of the ROS on vascular Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). A wire-induced carotid injury model was used in male TLR4-deficient (TLR4(-/-)) and wild-type C57BL/6J mice to induce neointima formation. In the presence or absence of the ROS scavenger apocynin for 14 days, increased TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines were observed in wire injury-induced carotid neointima and in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated VSMCs. The TLR4(-/-) protected the injured carotid from neointimal formation and impaired the cellular proliferation and migration in response to PDGF-BB. Apocynin attenuated intimal hyperplasia. Pre-treatment with apocynin significantly inhibited intracellular ROS generation, accompanied by a significant suppression of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines expression, and VSMC proliferation and migration. However, the results were not obvious in TLR4(-/-) condition. These findings highlight the importance of ROS inhibition in TLR4-mediated proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype of VSMCs, and suggest ROS as an essential therapeutic target for TLR4-associated vascular inflammation and vascular diseases.
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32
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Dixon BJ, Tang J, Zhang JH. The evolution of molecular hydrogen: a noteworthy potential therapy with clinical significance. Med Gas Res 2013; 3:10. [PMID: 23680032 PMCID: PMC3660246 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on molecular hydrogen have evolved tremendously from its humble beginnings and have continued to change throughout the years. Hydrogen is extremely unique since it has the capability to act at the cellular level. Hydrogen is qualified to cross the blood brain barrier, to enter the mitochondria, and even has the ability to translocate to the nucleus under certain conditions. Once in these ideal locations of the cell, previous studies have shown that hydrogen exerts antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties that are beneficial to the cell. Hydrogen is most commonly applied as a gas, water, saline, and can be applied in a variety of other mediums. There are also few side effects involving hydrogen, thus making hydrogen a perfect medical gas candidate for the convention of novel therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, cancer, metabolic, and respiratory diseases and disorders. Although hydrogen appears to be faultless at times, there still are several deficiencies or snares that need to be investigated by future studies. This review article seeks to delve and comprehensively analyze the research and experiments that alludes to molecular hydrogen being a novel therapeutic treatment that medicine desperately needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Dixon
- Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Risley Hall, Room 223, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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Jiang H, Yu P, Qian DH, Qin ZX, Sun XJ, Yu J, Huang L. Hydrogen-rich medium suppresses the generation of reactive oxygen species, elevates the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:1381-7. [PMID: 23563626 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether using hydrogen-rich medium (HRM) to increase hydrogen levels in endothelial cells (ECs) protects ECs from apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The thoracic aorta was removed from 2-3-year-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and ECs were isolated and cultured. After culturing ECs in the presence of AGEs and/or with HRM for 24 h, Annexin V/7-AAD and TUNEL staining were carried out to detect apoptosis. Intracellular ROS were detected by fluorescent probe and quantified by flow cytometry. The expression of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) was determined by real-time PCR analysis and enzymatic assay. The relative expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by western blotting. The addition of AGEs increased the apoptosis of ECs in a concentration-dependent manner and HRM reduced the AGE (400 µg/ml)-induced apoptosis from 21.61±2.52 to 11.32±1.75%. HRM also significantly attenuated the AGE-induced intracellular ROS induction and decrease in the expression of antioxidative enzymes. In conclusion, hydrogen exhibits significant protective effects against AGE-induced EC injury possibly through reducing ROS generation, intracellular antioxidant enzyme system protection and elevation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Jiang J, Miao H, Chen X, Sun X, Li Y. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and inactivating the Ras-ERK1/2-MEK1/2 and Akt pathways. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:597-606. [PMID: 23340693 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen-rich saline has been reported to prevent neointimal hyperplasia induced by carotid balloon injury. The purpose of the present study was to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Daily injection of a hydrogen-rich saline solution (HRSS) in rats was employed to study the effect of hydrogen on balloon injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia and the neointima/media ratio was assessed. HRSS significantly decreased the neointima area and neointima/media ratio in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro effects of hydrogen on fetal bovine serum (FBS)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation were also investigated. Hydrogen-rich medium (HRM) inhibited rat VSMC proliferation and migration induced by 10% FBS. FBS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and activation of intracellular Ras, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Akt were significantly inhibited by HRM. In addition, HRM blocked FBS-induced progression from the G0/G1 to the S-phase and increased the apoptosis rate of VSMCs. These results showed that hydrogen-rich saline was able to attenuate FBS-induced VSMC proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting ROS production and inactivating the Ras-ERK1/2-MEK1/2 and Akt pathways. Thus, HRSS may have potential therapeutic relevance for the prevention of human restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, PR China
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Ishibashi T, Sato B, Rikitake M, Seo T, Kurokawa R, Hara Y, Naritomi Y, Hara H, Nagao T. Consumption of water containing a high concentration of molecular hydrogen reduces oxidative stress and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label pilot study. Med Gas Res 2012; 2:27. [PMID: 23031079 PMCID: PMC3563451 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-2-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of bone and cartilage. Although its etiology is unknown, the hydroxyl radical has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. Recently, molecular hydrogen (H2) was demonstrated to be a selective scavenger for the hydroxyl radical. Also, the method to prepare water containing extremely high concentration of H2 has been developed. We hypothesized that H2 in the water could complement conventional therapy by reducing the oxidative stress in RA. METHODS Twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drank 530 ml of water containing 4 to 5 ppm molecular hydrogen (high H2 water) every day for 4 weeks. After a 4-week wash-out period, the patients drank the high H2 water for another 4 weeks. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine (8-OHdG) and disease activity (DAS28, using C-reactive protein [CRP] levels) was estimated at the end of each 4-week period. RESULTS Drinking high H2 water seems to raise the concentration of H2 more than the H2 saturated (1.6 ppm) water in vivo. Urinary 8-OHdG was significantly reduced by 14.3% (p < 0.01) on average. DAS28 also decreased from 3.83 to 3.02 (p < 0.01) during the same period. After the wash-out period, both the urinary 8-OHdG and the mean DAS28 decreased, compared to the end of the drinking period. During the second drinking period, the mean DAS28 was reduced from 2.83 to 2.26 (p < 0.01). Urinary 8-OHdG was not further reduced but remained below the baseline value. All the 5 patients with early RA (duration < 12 months) who did not show antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides (ACPAs) achieved remission, and 4 of them became symptom-free at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the hydroxyl radical scavenger H2 effectively reduces oxidative stress in patients with this condition. The symptoms of RA were significantly improved with high H2 water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ishibashi
- Haradoi Hospital, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, 6-40-8 Aoba, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8588, Japan.
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Zhou X, Yuan P, He Y. Role of microRNAs in peripheral artery disease (review). Mol Med Rep 2012; 6:695-700. [PMID: 22767222 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) involves a general vascular problem of diffuse atherosclerosis. The key pathological process is characterized by the aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the formation of neointimal lesions. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of PAD remain unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved 20-25 nt-long non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Recent evidence has demonstrated that specific miRNAs are involved in the pathological processes of PAD, and these miRNAs are found to be critical modulators of vascular cell functions, including cell differentiation, contraction, migration, proliferation and apoptosis. This review summarizes findings of studies regarding the roles of specific miRNAs in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichun, PR China.
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