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Burboa PC, Corrêa-Velloso JC, Arriagada C, Thomas AP, Durán WN, Lillo MA. Impact of Matrix Gel Variations on Primary Culture of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Function. Microcirculation 2024:e12859. [PMID: 38818977 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The endothelium regulates crucial aspects of vascular function, including hemostasis, vasomotor tone, proliferation, immune cell adhesion, and microvascular permeability. Endothelial cells (ECs), especially in arterioles, are pivotal for flow distribution and peripheral resistance regulation. Investigating vascular endothelium physiology, particularly in microvascular ECs, demands precise isolation and culturing techniques. METHODS Freshly isolated ECs are vital for examining protein expression, ion channel behavior, and calcium dynamics. Establishing primary endothelial cell cultures is crucial for unraveling vascular functions and understanding intact microvessel endothelium roles. Despite the significance, detailed protocols and comparisons with intact vessels are scarce in microvascular research. We developed a reproducible method to isolate microvascular ECs, assessing substrate influence by cultivating cells on fibronectin and gelatin matrix gels. This comparative approach enhances our understanding of microvascular endothelial cell biology. RESULTS Microvascular mesenteric ECs expressed key markers (VE-cadherin and eNOS) in both matrix gels, confirming cell culture purity. Under uncoated conditions, ECs were undetected, whereas proteins linked to smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts were evident. Examining endothelial cell (EC) physiological dynamics on distinct matrix substrates revealed comparable cell length, shape, and Ca2+ elevations in both male and female ECs on gelatin and fibronectin matrix gels. Gelatin-cultured ECs exhibited analogous membrane potential responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP), contrasting with their fibronectin-cultured counterparts. In the absence of stimulation, fibronectin-cultured ECs displayed a more depolarized resting membrane potential than gelatin-cultured ECs. CONCLUSIONS Gelatin-cultured ECs demonstrated electrical behaviors akin to intact endothelium from mouse mesenteric arteries, thus advancing our understanding of endothelial cell behavior within diverse microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía C Burboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juliana C Corrêa-Velloso
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cecilia Arriagada
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Walter N Durán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mauricio A Lillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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2
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Wu Z, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Fang C, Zheng W, Zhao Z, Zhang N, Yang X. Rhogef17: A novel target for endothelial barrier function. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115983. [PMID: 38134633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ARHGEF17 encodes the protein RhoGEF17, which is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. It is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that accelerates the exchange of GDP with GTP on many small GTPases through its Dbl homology (DH) domain, enabling the activation of Rho-GTPases such as RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC. Rho GTPase-regulated changes in the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion kinetics are the main mechanisms mediating many endothelial cell (EC) alterations, including cell morphology, migration, and division changes, which profoundly affect EC barrier function. This review focuses on ARHGEF17 expression, activation and biological functions in ECs, linking its regulation of cellular morphology, migration, mitosis and other cellular behaviors to disease onset and progression. Understanding ARHGEF17 mechanisms of action will contribute to the design of therapeutic approaches targeting RhoGEF17, a potential drug target for the treatment of various endothelium-related diseases, Such as vascular inflammation, carcinogenesis and transendothelial metastasis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanlei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wen Zheng
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zilin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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3
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Zhang H, Duan X, Zhang Y, Zhuang G, Cao D, Meng W, Yan M, Qi W. Association Between Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Hematoma Progression After Cerebral Contusion. Neurocrit Care 2023:10.1007/s12028-023-01857-4. [PMID: 37848656 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this research was to examine the impact of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) on the advancement of hematoma after cerebral contusion. METHODS The clinical information and laboratory test findings of people with cerebral contusion were retrospectively analyzed. Using the tertiles of MLR, the study participants were categorized into three groups, enabling the evaluation of the correlation between MLR and the advancement of hematoma after cerebral contusion. RESULTS Among the cohort of patients showing progression, MLR levels were significantly higher compared with the nonprogress group (P < 0.001). The high MLR group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with hematoma progression compared with the medium and low MLR groups. However, the medium MLR group had a lower proportion of patients with hematoma progression compared with the low MLR group. High MLR levels were independently linked to a higher risk of hematoma progression (Odds Ratio 3.546, 95% Confidence Interval 1.187-10.597, P = 0.024). By incorporating factors such as Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy, white blood cell count, and MLR into the model, the predictive performance of the model significantly improved (area under the curve 0.754). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that MLR may serve as a potential indicator for predicting the progression of hematoma after cerebral contusion. Further research is necessary to investigate the underlying pathological and physiological mechanisms that contribute to the association between MLR and the progression of hematoma after cerebral contusion and to explore its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochun Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yimiao Zhang
- Graduate School of Shaanxi, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoquan Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Demao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Muyang Yan
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, 45 Taizhou Road, Guangling District, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Grönloh MLB, Arts JJG, Mahlandt EK, Nolte MA, Goedhart J, van Buul JD. Primary adhered neutrophils increase JNK1-MARCKSL1-mediated filopodia to promote secondary neutrophil transmigration. iScience 2023; 26:107406. [PMID: 37559902 PMCID: PMC10407253 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, leukocytes extravasate the vasculature to areas of inflammation in a process termed transendothelial migration. Previous research has shown that transendothelial migration hotspots exist, areas in the vasculature that are preferred by leukocytes to cross. Several factors that contribute to hotspot-mediated transmigration have been proposed already, but whether one leukocyte transmigration hotspot can be used subsequently by a second wave of leukocytes and thereby can increase the efficiency of leukocyte transmigration is not well understood. Here, we show that primary neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium triggers endothelial transmigration hotspots, allowing secondary neutrophils to cross the endothelium more efficiently. Mechanistically, we show that primary neutrophil adhesion increases the number of endothelial apical filopodia, resulting in an increase in the number of adherent secondary neutrophils. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors, we found that neutrophil adhesion did not trigger the activity of the small GTPase Cdc42. We used kinase translocation reporters to study the activity of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and Akt in endothelial cells on a single-cell level with a high temporal resolution during the process of leukocyte transmigration and found that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is rapidly activated upon neutrophil adhesion, whereas extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and Akt are not. Additionally, we show that short-term chemical inhibition of endothelial JNK successfully prevents the adhesion of neutrophils to the endothelium. Furthermore, we show that neutrophil-induced endothelial JNK1 but not JNK2 increases the formation of filopodia and thereby the adhesion of secondary neutrophils. JNK1 needs its downstream substrate MARCKSL1 to trigger additional apical filopodia and consequently neutrophil adhesion. Overall, our data show that primary neutrophils can trigger the endothelial transmigration hotspot by activating JNK1 and MARCKSL1 to induce filopodia that trigger more neutrophils to transmigrate at the endothelial hotspot area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Laurens Bastiaan Grönloh
- Vascular Biology Lab, Medical Biochemistry Department at Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Department Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Johanna Geertruida Arts
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Department Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eike Karin Mahlandt
- Vascular Biology Lab, Medical Biochemistry Department at Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn A. Nolte
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Department Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Diederik van Buul
- Vascular Biology Lab, Medical Biochemistry Department at Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Department Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Kim J, Mooren OL, Onken MD, Cooper JA. Septin and actin contributions to endothelial cell-cell junctions and monolayer integrity. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:228-241. [PMID: 36205643 PMCID: PMC10079785 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Septins in endothelial cells (ECs) have important roles supporting the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. Cell-cell junctions in EC monolayers are highly dynamic, with continuous retractions and protrusions. Depletion of septins in ECs leads to disruption of cell-cell junctions, which are composed of VE-cadherin and other junctional proteins. In EC monolayers, septins are concentrated at the plasma membrane at sites of cell-cell contact, in curved- and scallop-shaped patterns. These membrane-associated septin accumulations are located in regions of positive membrane curvature, and those regions are often associated with and immediately adjacent to actin-rich protrusions with negative membrane curvature. EC septins associate directly with plasma membrane lipids, based on findings with site-specific mutations of septins in ECs, which is consistent with biochemical and cell biological studies in other systems. Loss of septins leads to disruption of the EC monolayer, and gaps form between cells. The number and breadth of cell-cell contacts and junctions decreases, and the number and frequency of retractions, ruffles, and protrusions at cell edges also decreases. In addition, loss of septins leads to decreased amounts of F-actin at the cortical membrane, along with increased amounts of F-actin in stress fibers of the cytoplasm. Endothelial monolayer disruption from loss of septins is also associated with decreased transendothelial electric resistance (TEER) and increased levels of transendothelial migration (TEM) by immune and cancer cells, owing to the gaps in the monolayer. A current working model is that assembly of septin filaments at regions of positive membrane curvature contributes to a mechanical footing or base for actin-based protrusive forces generated at adjoining regions of the membrane. Specific molecular interactions between the septin and actin components of the cytoskeleton may also be important contributors. Regulators of actin assembly may promote and support the assembly of septin filaments at the membrane, as part of a molecular feedback loop between the assembly of septin and actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia L Mooren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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6
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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7
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Spurling D, Anchan A, Hucklesby J, Finlay G, Angel CE, Graham ES. Melanoma Cells Produce Large Vesicular-Bodies That Cause Rapid Disruption of Brain Endothelial Barrier-Integrity and Disassembly of Junctional Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076082. [PMID: 37047054 PMCID: PMC10093843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that many cells produce extracellular vesicles, and this includes a range of different cancer cell types. Here we demonstrate the profound effects of large vesicular-like bodies produced by melanoma cells on the barrier integrity of human brain endothelial cells. These vesicular-bodies have not been fully characterised but range in size from ~500 nm to >10 µm, are surrounded by membrane and are enzymatically active based on cell-tracker incorporation. Their size is consistent with previously reported large oncosomes and apoptotic bodies. We demonstrate that these melanoma-derived vesicular-bodies rapidly affect brain endothelial barrier integrity, measured using ECIS biosensor technology, where the disruption is evident within ~60 min. This disruption involves acquisition of the vesicles through transcellular uptake into the endothelial cells. We also observed extensive actin-rearrangement, actin removal from the paracellular boundary of the endothelial cells and envelopment of the vesicular-bodies by actin. This was concordant with widespread changes in CD144 localisation, which was consistent with the loss of junctional strength. High-resolution confocal imaging revealed proximity of the melanoma vesicular-bodies juxtaposed to the endothelial nucleus, often containing fragmented DNA themselves, raising speculation over this association and potential delivery of nuclear material into the brain endothelial cells. The disruption of the endothelial cells occurs in a manner that is faster and completely distinct to that of invasion by intact melanoma cells. Given the clinical observation of large vesicles in the circulation of melanoma patients by others, we hypothesize their involvement in weakening or priming the brain vasculature for melanoma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Spurling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Akshata Anchan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - James Hucklesby
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Graeme Finlay
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Angel
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Grönloh MLB, Arts JJG, Palacios Martínez S, van der Veen AA, Kempers L, van Steen ACI, Roelofs JJTH, Nolte MA, Goedhart J, van Buul JD. Endothelial transmigration hotspots limit vascular leakage through heterogeneous expression of ICAM-1. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55483. [PMID: 36382783 PMCID: PMC9827561 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon inflammation, leukocytes leave the circulation by crossing the endothelial monolayer at specific transmigration "hotspot" regions. Although these regions support leukocyte transmigration, their functionality is not clear. We found that endothelial hotspots function to limit vascular leakage during transmigration events. Using the photoconvertible probe mEos4b, we traced back and identified original endothelial transmigration hotspots. Using this method, we show that the heterogeneous distribution of ICAM-1 determines the location of the transmigration hotspot. Interestingly, the loss of ICAM-1 heterogeneity either by CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout of ICAM-1 or equalizing the distribution of ICAM-1 in all endothelial cells results in the loss of TEM hotspots but not necessarily in reduced TEM events. Functionally, the loss of endothelial hotspots results in increased vascular leakage during TEM. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the 3 extracellular Ig-like domains of ICAM-1 are crucial for hotspot recognition. However, the intracellular tail of ICAM-1 and the 4th Ig-like dimerization domain are not involved, indicating that intracellular signaling or ICAM-1 dimerization is not required for hotspot recognition. Together, we discovered that hotspots function to limit vascular leakage during inflammation-induced extravasation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L B Grönloh
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced MicroscopyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Janine J G Arts
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced MicroscopyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sebastián Palacios Martínez
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Amerens A van der Veen
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lanette Kempers
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Abraham C I van Steen
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Nolte
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced MicroscopyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular HematologySanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced MicroscopyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Cao X, Hu T, Lin J, Tang X, Chen X, Jiang Y, Yan X, Zhuang H, Luo P, Shen L. Study on the Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Lung Injury Based on SWATH Proteomics Technology. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03466-2. [PMID: 36333559 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic poisoning is a global health problem that affects millions of people, and studies have found that long-term ingestion of arsenic-containing compounds can lead to lung damage, but the exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as the research object, and the proteomic analysis method based on sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ions (SWATH) was used to detect the changes in the expression levels of related proteins in the lung tissue of arsenic-exposed rats, and to explore the mechanism of arsenic compound-induced lung injury. The results showed that arsenic exposure resulted in the abnormal expression of collagen type III and proteins involved in metabolic, immune, and cellular processes, leading to the dysfunction of important pathways associated with these proteins, resulting in lung injury. It suggested that the underlying mechanism of arsenic-induced lung injury may be related to oxidative stress, immune injury, cell junction, and collagen type III. This result provides a new research idea for revealing the mechanism of lung injury caused by arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglai Zhang
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Hu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liming Shen
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Hollósi A, Pászty K, Bunta BL, Bozó T, Kellermayer M, Debreczeni ML, Cervenak L, Baccarini M, Varga A. BRAF increases endothelial cell stiffness through reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22478. [PMID: 35916021 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200344r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and its connection to endothelial cell-cell junctions determine the barrier function of endothelial cells. The proper regulation of barrier opening/closing is necessary for the normal function of vessels, and its dysregulation can result in chronic and acute inflammation leading to edema formation. By using atomic force microscopy, we show here that thrombin-induced permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, associated with actin stress fiber formation, stiffens the cell center. The depletion of the MEK/ERK kinase BRAF reduces thrombin-induced permeability prevents stress fiber formation and cell stiffening. The peripheral actin ring becomes stabilized by phosphorylated myosin light chain, while cofilin is excluded from the cell periphery. All these changes can be reverted by the inhibition of ROCK, but not of the MEK/ERK module. We propose that the balance between the binding of cofilin and myosin to F-actin in the cell periphery, which is regulated by the activity of ROCK, determines the local dynamics of actin reorganization, ultimately driving or preventing stress fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hollósi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Pászty
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Levente Bunta
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bozó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Lídia Debreczeni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Li Y, Chen M, Chang W. Roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:771-783. [PMID: 35916042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0622-473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes patrol our bodies in search of pathogens and migrate to sites of injury in response to various stimuli. Rapid and directed leukocyte motility is therefore crucial to our immunity. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest cellular organelle and a mechanical obstacle for migration through constrictions. However, the nucleus is also essential for 3D cell migration. Here, we review the roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration, focusing on how cells deform their nuclei to aid cell motility and the contributions of the nucleus to cell migration. We discuss the regulation of the nuclear biomechanics by the nuclear lamina and how it, together with the cytoskeleton, modulates the shapes of leukocyte nuclei. We then summarize the functions of nesprins and SUN proteins in leukocytes and discuss how forces are exerted on the nucleus. Finally, we examine the mechanical roles of the nucleus in cell migration, including its roles in regulating the direction of migration and path selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mengqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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12
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Wang C, Qu K, Wang J, Qin R, Li B, Qiu J, Wang G. Biomechanical regulation of planar cell polarity in endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166495. [PMID: 35850177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the uneven distribution of certain cytoplasmic components in a cell with a spatial order. The planar cell polarity (PCP), the cell aligns perpendicular to the polar plane, in endothelial cells (ECs) has become a research hot spot. The planar polarity of ECs has a positive significance on the regulation of cardiovascular dysfunction, pathological angiogenesis, and ischemic stroke. The endothelial polarity is stimulated and regulated by biomechanical force. Mechanical stimuli promote endothelial polarization and make ECs produce PCP to maintain the normal physiological and biochemical functions. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay and mechanism between PCP and ECs function involved in mechanical forces, with a focus on PCP signaling pathways and organelles in regulating the polarity of ECs. And then showed the related diseases caused by ECs polarity dysfunction. This study provides new ideas and therapeutic targets for the treatment of endothelial PCP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Human endothelial cells display a rapid tensional stress increase in response to tumor necrosis factor-α. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270197. [PMID: 35749538 PMCID: PMC9232152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the inner layer of blood vessels, making them the first barrier between the blood and interstitial tissues; thus endothelial cells play a crucial role in inflammation. In the inflammatory response, one important element is the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). While other pro-inflammatory agents like thrombin and histamine induce acute but transient changes in endothelial cells, which have been well studied biologically as well as mechanically, TNF-α is primarily known for its sustained effects on permeability and leukocyte recruitment. These functions are associated with transcriptional changes that take place on the timescale of hours and days. Here, we investigated the early mechanical action of TNF-α and show that even just 4 min after TNF-α was added onto human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers, there was a striking rise in mechanical substrate traction force and internal monolayer tension. These traction forces act primarily at the boundary of the monolayer, as was to be expected. This increased internal monolayer tension may, in addition to TNF-α’s other well-studied biochemical responses, provide a mechanical signal for the cells to prepare to recruit leukocytes.
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14
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Systematic analysis of nutrigenomic effects of polyphenols related to cardiometabolic health in humans - Evidence from untargeted mRNA and miRNA studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101649. [PMID: 35595185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic disorders present major causes of mortality in the ageing population. Polyphenols present in human diets possess cardiometabolic protective properties, however their underlying molecular mechanisms in humans are still not well identified. Even though preclinical and in vitro studies advocate that these bioactives can modulate gene expression, most studies were performed using targeted approaches. With the objective to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying polyphenols cardiometabolic preventive properties in humans, we performed integrative multi-omic bioinformatic analyses of published studies which reported improvements of cardiometabolic risk factors following polyphenol intake, together with genomic analyses performed using untargeted approach. We identified 5 studies within our criteria and nearly 5000 differentially expressed genes, both mRNAs and miRNAs, in peripheral blood cells. Integrative bioinformatic analyses (e.g. pathway and gene network analyses, identification of transcription factors, correlation of gene expression profiles with those associated with diseases and drug intake) revealed that these genes are involved in the processes such as cell adhesion and mobility, immune system, metabolism, or cell signaling. We also identified 27 miRNAs known to regulate processes such as cell cytoskeleton, chemotaxis, cell signaling, or cell metabolism. Gene expression profiles negatively correlated with expression profiles of cardiovascular disease patients, while a positive correlation was observed with gene expression profiles following intake of drugs against cardiometabolic disorders. These analyses further advocate for health protective effects of these bioactives against age-associated diseases. In conclusion, polyphenols can exert multi-genomic modifications in humans and use of untargeted methods coupled with bioinformatic analyses represent the best approach to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying healthy-ageing effects of these bioactives.
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15
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Mechanosensation by endothelial PIEZO1 is required for leukocyte diapedesis. Blood 2022; 140:171-183. [PMID: 35443048 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extravasation of leukocytes is a critical step during inflammation which requires the localized opening of the endothelial barrier. This process is initiated by the close interaction of leukocytes with various adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the surface of endothelial cells. Here we reveal that mechanical forces generated by leukocyte-induced clustering of ICAM-1 synergistically with fluid shear stress exerted by the flowing blood increase endothelial plasma membrane tension to activate the mechanosensitive cation channel PIEZO1. This leads to increases in [Ca2+]i and activation of downstream signaling events including phosphorylation of SRC, PYK2 and myosin light chain resulting in opening of the endothelial barrier. Mice with endothelium-specific Piezo1 deficiency show decreased leukocyte extravasation in different inflammation models. Thus, leukocytes and the hemodynamic microenvironment synergize to mechanically activate endothelial PIEZO1 and subsequent downstream signaling to initiate leukocyte diapedesis.
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16
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Kluza E, Beldman TJ, Shami A, Scholl ER, Malinova TS, Grootemaat AE, van der Wel NN, Gonçalves I, Huveneers S, Mulder WJM, Lutgens E. Diverse ultrastructural landscape of atherosclerotic endothelium. Atherosclerosis 2021; 339:35-45. [PMID: 34847419 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The endothelium plays a major role in atherosclerosis, yet the endothelial plaque surface is a largely uncharted territory. Here we hypothesize that atherosclerosis-driven remodeling of the endothelium is a dynamic process, involving both damaging and regenerative mechanisms. METHODS Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immuno-SEM, we studied endothelial junction ultrastructure, endothelial openings and immune cell-endothelium interactions in eight apoe-/- mice and two human carotid plaques. RESULTS The surface of early mouse plaques (n = 11) displayed a broad range of morphological alterations, including junctional disruptions and large transcellular endothelial pores with the average diameter between 0.6 and 3 μm. The shoulder region of advanced atherosclerotic lesions (n = 7) had a more aggravated morphology with 8 μm-size paracellular openings at two-fold higher density. In contrast, the central apical surface of advanced plaques, i.e., the plaque body (n = 7), displayed endothelial normalization, as shown by a significantly higher frequency of intact endothelial junctions and a lower incidence of paracellular pores. This normalized endothelial phenotype correlated with low immune cell density (only 5 cells/mm2). The human carotid plaque surface (n = 2) displayed both well-organized and disrupted endothelium with similar features as described above. In addition, they were accompanied by extensive thrombotic areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveils the spectrum of endothelial abnormalities associated with the development of atherosclerosis. These were highly abundant in early lesions and in the shoulder region of advanced plaques, while normalized at the advanced plaque's body. Similar endothelial features were observed in human atherosclerotic plaques, underlining the versatility of endothelial transformations in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kluza
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Thijs J Beldman
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Edwin R Scholl
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Tsveta S Malinova
- Vascular Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Anita E Grootemaat
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole N van der Wel
- Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Vascular Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, 80336, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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17
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Low profilin 1 serum levels are associated with diabetes, family history and multivessel lesions in patients with coronary artery disease. ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2021; 17:305-308. [PMID: 34819967 PMCID: PMC8596711 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2021.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Rodenburg WS, van Buul JD. Rho GTPase signalling networks in cancer cell transendothelial migration. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 3:R77-R95. [PMID: 34738075 PMCID: PMC8558887 DOI: 10.1530/vb-21-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are small signalling G-proteins that are central regulators of cytoskeleton dynamics, and thereby regulate many cellular processes, including the shape, adhesion and migration of cells. As such, Rho GTPases are also essential for the invasive behaviour of cancer cells, and thus involved in several steps of the metastatic cascade, including the extravasation of cancer cells. Extravasation, the process by which cancer cells leave the circulation by transmigrating through the endothelium that lines capillary walls, is an essential step for metastasis towards distant organs. During extravasation, Rho GTPase signalling networks not only regulate the transmigration of cancer cells but also regulate the interactions between cancer and endothelial cells and are involved in the disruption of the endothelial barrier function, ultimately allowing cancer cells to extravasate into the underlying tissue and potentially form metastases. Thus, targeting Rho GTPase signalling networks in cancer may be an effective approach to inhibit extravasation and metastasis. In this review, the complex process of cancer cell extravasation will be discussed in detail. Additionally, the roles and regulation of Rho GTPase signalling networks during cancer cell extravasation will be discussed, both from a cancer cell and endothelial cell point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel S Rodenburg
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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The RhoGEF Trio: A Protein with a Wide Range of Functions in the Vascular Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810168. [PMID: 34576329 PMCID: PMC8467920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes are controlled by small GTPases, which can be activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The RhoGEF Trio contains two GEF domains that differentially activate the small GTPases such as Rac1/RhoG and RhoA. These small RhoGTPases are mainly involved in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In the endothelium, they regulate junctional stabilization and play a crucial role in angiogenesis and endothelial barrier integrity. Multiple extracellular signals originating from different vascular processes can influence the activity of Trio and thereby the regulation of the forementioned small GTPases and actin cytoskeleton. This review elucidates how various signals regulate Trio in a distinct manner, resulting in different functional outcomes that are crucial for endothelial cell function in response to inflammation.
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20
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Grönloh MLB, Arts JJG, van Buul JD. Neutrophil transendothelial migration hotspots - mechanisms and implications. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/7/jcs255653. [PMID: 33795378 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, leukocytes circulating in the blood stream exit the vasculature in a process called leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM). The current paradigm of this process comprises several well-established steps, including rolling, adhesion, crawling, diapedesis and sub-endothelial crawling. Nowadays, the role of the endothelium in transmigration is increasingly appreciated. It has been established that leukocyte exit sites on the endothelium and in the pericyte layer are in fact not random but instead may be specifically recognized by migrating leukocytes. Here, we review the concept of transmigration hotspots, specific sites in the endothelial and pericyte layer where most transmigration events take place. Chemokine cues, adhesion molecules and membrane protrusions as well as physical factors, such as endothelial junction stability, substrate stiffness, the presence of pericytes and basement membrane composition, may all contribute to local hotspot formation to facilitate leukocytes exiting the vasculature. In this Review, we discuss the biological relevance of such hotspots and put forward multiple mechanisms and factors that determine a functional TEM hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L B Grönloh
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Dept. Plasma proteins, Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands.,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Molecular Cytology section at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS) at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Janine J G Arts
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Dept. Plasma proteins, Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands.,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Molecular Cytology section at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS) at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Dept. Plasma proteins, Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands .,Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Molecular Cytology section at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS) at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
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21
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Jones EAV, Graupera M, van Buul JD, Huveneers S. Editorial: Endothelial Dynamics in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:611117. [PMID: 33329063 PMCID: PMC7711136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.611117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A V Jones
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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