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Potts JR, Klingensmith ME, Merrill WH. Update on Outcomes of a Novel Pathway for Thoracic Surgery Training. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:601-612. [PMID: 38197453 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Joint Surgery-Thoracic Surgery (JS-TS) pathway began as a pilot program to grant both general surgery (GS) residency and thoracic surgery (TS) fellowship credit for 12 months of the PGY-4 and 5 years. This review updates the outcomes of this novel program. STUDY DESIGN GS and TS programs in all approved JS-TS institutions were contacted for data collection, including JS-TS enrollee demographics and GS and TS case logs (CLs). National GS and TS CL data, and program and institutional data were publicly available. Enrollee case numbers were compared with those of their contemporaries. The American Board of Surgery and American Board of Thoracic Surgery provided certification data. Only enrollees who completed GS through 2019 were included. RESULTS There were 90 JS-TS enrollees in 14 institutions. Two enrollees withdrew and 1 had not completed TS at the time of data collection leaving 87 for analysis. GS CLs were available for all 87 enrollees. TS CLs were available for all 62 enrollees who completed fellowship in 2016 or later. In GS, enrollees recorded fewer cases than their contemporary PGY-5s nationally in all domains except thoracic and endocrine. In TS, mean enrollee case numbers exceeded those of national contemporaries in every major category. Sixty-two JS-TS enrollees have achieved American Board of Surgery certification. Eighty-two enrollees are American Board of Thoracic Surgery certified with 5 currently in the certification process. CONCLUSIONS The JS-TS pathway has proven a successful alternative route for TS training and could be a blueprint for other specialties considering novel avenues to specialty training.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Potts
- From the Superior Value in Program Accreditation, Chicago, IL (Potts)
| | - Mary E Klingensmith
- Department of Accreditation Services, ACGME, Chicago, IL (Klingensmith)
- Department of Surgery, Emeritus, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (Klingensmith)
| | - Walter H Merrill
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (Merrill)
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Deser SB, Durak D, Altin M, Yuksel A. A nationwide survey of Turkish medical students' upon interest and decision for cardiovascular surgery as a future career: A cross-sectional survey. TURK GOGUS KALP DAMAR CERRAHISI DERGISI 2023; 31:325-333. [PMID: 37664770 PMCID: PMC10472467 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2023.24710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to investigate the current interest of Turkish medical students to pursue a career in cardiovascular surgery and to identify possible factors which positively or negatively affected their decisions. Methods Between January 2022 and August 2022, a cross-sectional survey of 34 questions was created using the Google Forms online survey platform. Questions were directed to participants to evaluate demographic features, interest level in cardiovascular surgery, interest in other specialty programs, and interest in residency abroad using fivepoint Likert scales. Results A total of 5338 Medical Students were reached who were balanced to 7 geographical regions across Türkiye and 1233 (23%) medical students participated in the questionnaire. Of the respondents, 544 were males and 689 were females with a mean age of 21.2±0.5 (range, 17 to 28) years. More than half of the students (56.2%) considered residency training programs in Türkiye. Cardiology had the highest preference rate for residency training (8.3%), followed by cardiovascular surgery (7.5%). More than one-third of students (36.5%) who were interested in pursuing a career in cardiovascular surgery decided to be trained abroad. Achieving a prestigious job, motivation for life saving, prioritizing innovations, and high academic studies were the main factors that positively affected the perspective of students on cardiovascular surgery, while stressful surgeries, intense and tiring night shifts, and a relatively poor social life/work balance were the main deterrent factors. Attendance to cardiovascular surgeries positively affected the decisions of students (p=0.008). Conclusion Although it is thought that the interest in pursuing a career in cardiovascular surgery has reduced in recent years all over the world, our study shows that cardiovascular surgery still continues to be a popular specialty among Turkish medical students. Therefore, we believe that guiding medical students by using their current potential and encouraging the students to attend cardiovascular surgeries more frequently throughout their education life are essential in choosing cardiovascular surgery as a future career option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Burc Deser
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilara Durak
- Student, Medicine Faculty of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Metin Altin
- Student, Medicine Faculty of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Yuksel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Türkiye
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Brescia AA, Louis C, Luc JGY, Coyan GN, Han JJ, Blitzer D, Wilder FG, Bergquist CS, Bloom JP, Reddy RM, Sandhu G, Mehaffey JH. The utilization of educational resources published by the Thoracic Surgery Residents Association. JTCVS OPEN 2022; 11:241-264. [PMID: 36172408 PMCID: PMC9510814 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Thoracic Surgery Residents Association (TSRA) is a trainee-led cardiothoracic surgery organization in North America that has published a multitude of educational resources. However, the utilization of these resources remains unknown. METHODS Surveys were constructed, pilot-tested, and emailed to 527 current cardiothoracic trainees (12 questions) and 780 former trainees who graduated between 2012 and 2019 (16 questions). The surveys assessed the utilization of TSRA educational resources in preparing for clinical practice as well as in-training and American Board of Thoracic Surgery (ABTS) certification examinations. RESULTS A total of 143 (27%) current trainees and 180 (23%) recent graduates responded. A higher proportion of recent graduates compared with current trainees identified as male (84% vs 66%; P = .001) and graduated from 2- or 3-year traditional training programs (81% vs 41%; P < .001), compared with integrated 6-year (8% vs 49%; P < .001) or 4 + 3 (11% vs 10%; P = .82) pathways. Current trainees most commonly used TSRA resources to prepare for the in-training exam (75%) and operations (73%). Recent graduates most commonly used them to prepare for Oral and/or Written Board Exams (92%) and the in-training exam (89%). Among recent graduates who passed the ABTS Oral Board Exam on the first attempt, 82% (97/118) used TSRA resources to prepare, versus only 48% (25/52) of recent graduates who passed after multiple attempts, failed, have not taken the exam, or preferred not to answer (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Current cardiothoracic trainees and recent graduates have utilized TSRA educational resources extensively, including to prepare for in-training and ABTS Board examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clauden Louis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Jessica G Y Luc
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Garrett N Coyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jason J Han
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Fatima G Wilder
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Jordan P Bloom
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Gurjit Sandhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
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Lee ACH, Lee SM, Ferguson MK. Recent Changes in Characteristics of Applicants and Matriculants to Thoracic Surgery Fellowships. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 36:57-64. [PMID: 35931349 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The match rate for traditional thoracic surgery fellowships decreased from 97.5% in 2012 to 59.1% in 2021, reflecting an increase in applications. We queried whether characteristics of applicants and matriculants to traditional thoracic surgery fellowships changed during this time period. Applicant data from the 2008 through 2018 application cycles were extracted from the Electronic Residency Application System (ERAS) and Graduate Medical Education (GME) Track Resident Survey and stratified by period of application (2008-2014 vs 2015-2018). Characteristics of applicants and matriculants were analyzed. There were 697 applicant records in the early period and 530 in the recent period (application rate 99.6/year vs 132.5/year; P = 0.0005), and 607 matriculant records in the early period and 383 in the recent period (matriculation rate 87% vs 72%; P < 0.0001). There was no difference in representation of university-affiliated versus community-based general surgery residency programs among applicants comparing the periods. Higher proportions of applicants and matriculants in the early period trained in general surgery programs affiliated with a comprehensive cancer center or a thoracic surgery fellowship. Applicants and matriculants of the recent period had higher median numbers of journal publications and had higher impact factor journal publications. The increase in applicants for thoracic surgery training is primarily from general surgery trainees in residency programs not affiliated with a comprehensive cancer center or a thoracic surgery fellowship. The increased interest in thoracic surgery training was accompanied by overall enhanced scholarship production among the applicants and matriculants regardless of their residency characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chao Hsuan Lee
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sang Mee Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark K Ferguson
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Bui J, Khoury A, Long J, Haithcock B. Away Rotations at Integrated Thoracic Surgery Programs: Applicant and Program Director Perspectives. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:1915-1922. [PMID: 34127425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrated thoracic surgery residency program (IP) applicants often complete away rotations to stand out from the objective standard criteria. Little is known about the perceptions of these rotations. We aimed to examine the perceptions of value, cost, and expectations of away rotations among IP applicants and program directors. DESIGN Between March and April 2020, anonymous electronic surveys were distributed through e-mails gathered from the Electronic Residency Application Service and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education IP email list. A follow-up email was sent to all applicants and program directors 1 week after the initial request to improve response rate. Questions assessed the cost, frequency, goals, and objectives for away rotations, as well as the perceived value of these experiences. SETTING United States PARTICIPANTS: All IP program directors and United States senior medical students who applied to our institution's IP during the 2019-2020 cycle. RESULTS Seventy-eight US medical students participated in the 2020 IP Match with 65 applicants applying to our institution's IP. Thirty-three responses were obtained from applicants who applied to our program (51% response rate). Survey responses were obtained from 8 program directors (31% response rate). Ninety-four percent of applicant respondents completed an IP away rotation (n = 31). Fifty-seven percent of these applicants spent on average $5000 in total for away rotations (n = 19). Overall, applicants felt that away rotations helped refine their perception of program location, educational and operative experience, treatment of medical students, and collegiality. Applicants and program directors acknowledged that creating a good impression and finding a compatible program were central values for participating in away rotations. However, program directors viewed the overall strength of the applicant as the most important factor when evaluating applicants. Fifty-five percent of applicant respondents matched at an IP (n = 17) with 35% matching at an IP where they had completed an away rotation (n = 6). CONCLUSION Extended interactions that can help create good impressions and establish compatibility are benefits to away rotations. However, given the current application conditions imposed by the pandemic, future studies should examine the impact of no away rotations on the IP Match process so that moving forward applicants and program directors can continue to weigh benefits to the costs and logistics of completing an away rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bui
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Audrey Khoury
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jason Long
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin Haithcock
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Al-Ebrahim EK, Madani TA, Al-Ebrahim KE. Future of cardiac surgery, introducing the interventional surgeon. J Card Surg 2021; 37:88-92. [PMID: 34618985 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The swift advances in interventional cardiology combined with the increasing risk of cardiac surgical procedures resulted in diminishing volume of coronary and valvular surgery and affected the future of cardiac surgery service and training. Application to cardiac surgery training programs have steadily declined. This cross-sectional study aimed at identifying main weakness facing cardiac surgery and advocating some recommendations to improve the status of current and future of cardiac surgery. METHODS Cross-sectional study was authorized by the institutional review board of King Abdulaziz University and performed among cardiac surgeons and cardiologists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from May to June 2021. Data were collected by sending questionnaires through email to cardiac surgeons and cardiologists in different cardiac centers all over Saudi Arabia. Out of 200 emails sent to our participants only 55 who responded. RESULTS A total of 55 doctors who participated in the study have completed the self-administered questionnaire by electronic mail. Seventy-six percent of the respondents are cardiac surgeons and 24% are cardiologists. Most of the respondents (72.7%, 63.6%) think that the volume of coronary and valvular cardiac surgery patients nowadays is less than before compared to invasive cardiology patients. Most of the respondents (91%) think that coronary cardiac surgery is better than invasive cardiology in left main disease and complex lesions but carries higher risk. Sixty-nine percent of the respondents think that one cardiac center in each city according to the population will provide better cardiac health services compared to small cardiac units. CONCLUSION In the recommendations to improve the future of cardiac surgery, 83% of the respondents agree that residents training in cardiac surgery should be modified to add at least one extra year of training in the Catheterization Laboratory (Cath lab) procedures including coronary, valvular, aortic and arrhythmia, thus introducing the interventional surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Khaled Al-Ebrahim
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Abdullah Madani
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Ebrahim Al-Ebrahim
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bui J, Bennett WC, Long J, Strassle PD, Haithcock B. Recent Trends in Cardiothoracic Surgery Training: Data from the National Resident Matching Program. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:672-678. [PMID: 32928698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2008, integrated thoracic residency programs (IP) for cardiothoracic (CT) training were created in response to a decline in CT trainees. However, few studies have reported on trends in the CT training pathway since the inception of IPs. This manuscript examines the current trends related to the overall number of surgical trainees entering CT surgery training following the introduction of IPs into the National Resident Match Program (NRMP). DESIGN Main and specialty match data were gathered from NRMP annual reports between 2008 and 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze program size, applications, and filled and unfilled positions for IPs and traditional CT residency programs. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine associations between program variables. SETTING NRMP main and specialty match in 2008 to 2018. PARTICIPANTS Participants of the NRMP main and specialty match in 2008 to 2018. RESULTS IPs increased from 2 programs offering 3 positions in 2008 to 28 programs offering 36 positions in 2018. However, during the same time period, the number of available traditional CT residency positions have decreased by 29% (130 to 92). As the number of IPs increased, there was a significant decrease in the number of traditional CT residency positions (ρ = -0.95, p < 0.001). Although, the overall number of CT residency programs (traditional and IP) remained largely unchanged, the proportion of filled CT residency positions increased from 67.7% in 2008 up to 97.7% in 2018. CONCLUSION The IP training format has shown success in increasing the number of trainees entering into CT training programs. Consideration should be given to increasing the number of IP positions or increase interest in CT among general surgery residents to increase the number of CT surgery trainees with the goal of increasing the size of the future CT workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Bui
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William C Bennett
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jason Long
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Benjamin Haithcock
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Characteristics and Attitudes of Aspiring Cardiothoracic Surgeons: A Survey Study. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 112:2063-2069. [PMID: 33548275 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recruiting highly qualified, diverse applicants into cardiothoracic surgery remains a national priority, their characteristics remain unknown. This study aims to describe current and future applicants in cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS Aspiring cardiothoracic surgeons (students interested in matriculating in a North American training program) were voluntarily enrolled in the study through Twitter and email outreach. A 33-question survey evaluated their backgrounds, research experiences, attitudes, and interests within cardiothoracic surgery. Standard descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS There were 111 participants, 40 of whom were female (36.0%) and 27 of whom identified as an underrepresented minority (24.3%). Of the total, 63 belonged to an institution with a cardiothoracic surgery training program (56.8%). A total of 91 students envisioned having a mostly operative career (82.0%) and 75 envisioned pursuing educational roles (67.6%). The most popular surgical specialties were heart transplantation (50.5%) and aortic surgery (47.8%). Participants selected having a high-intensity operative environment (81.2%) and an innovative academic environment (58.8%) as the most attractive qualities. Perceived lack of work-life balance (46%) and toxic training or work environment (28%) were the greatest deterrents. Finances during the application process were perceived as a potential barrier by 41 students (36.9%). Approximately 75% of students (83 of 111) had faculty as mentors; 46.8% (56 of 111) thought that cardiothoracic surgery faculty were approachable but had limited time for mentorship. CONCLUSIONS This survey study characterized a nationally selected pool of aspiring cardiothoracic surgeons using social media. Future studies involving larger and more diverse cohorts are warranted to find areas for improvement in recruitment, retention, and diversity.
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Lou X, Brescia AA, Louis C, Han J, Blitzer D, Mehaffey JH. Development and Evolution of the Thoracic Surgery Residents Association. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 111:723-728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kilcoyne MF, Do-Nguyen CC, Han JJ, Coyan GN, Sultan I, Roberts MB, Carpenter AJ. Clinical Exposure to Cardiothoracic Surgery for Medical Students and General Surgery Residents. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2020; 77:1646-1653. [PMID: 32522562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of integrated 6-year cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) residency programs has shifted recruitment efforts to encompass not only general surgery (GS) residents, but also medical students. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to assess medical student and GS resident clinical exposure to CTS. DESIGN Data from the Association of American Medical Colleges Visiting Student Application Service and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Case Log Reports were collected from 2010 to 2017 and 2010 to 2018, respectively. The data extracted included medical students who applied and received an offer for elective rotations and the cases performed as a GS resident. RESULTS A mean of 95 ± 28.5 medical students applied for CTS rotations annually and the applicants for CTS rotations increased by an average of 11.8% per year. However, significantly less students received an offer compared to other specialties (53.4% CTS vs 74.1% GS, 79.3% plastic surgery, 86.3% urology, 85.7% otolaryngology, 88.6% neurological surgery, and 89.6% orthopedic surgery) (p < 0.001). GS residents performed a mean of 39.3 ± 0.8 CTS procedures during residency: 32.9 ± 1.0 performed as a junior resident and 6.3 ± 0.7 as a chief resident. Out of all CTS procedures, 7.3% were cardiac procedures, with rates increasing from 5.6% to 8.4% during the study period (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Elective rotation opportunities in CTS are high in demand for medical students while GS residents receive limited CTS exposure, especially cardiac cases. Increasing clinical opportunities in both groups will aid in recruiting young talent to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell F Kilcoyne
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Chi Chi Do-Nguyen
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason J Han
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Garrett N Coyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ibrahim Sultan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael B Roberts
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea J Carpenter
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Liou DZ. Commentary: Two decades of innovation, leadership, and overcoming challenges, but more lies ahead. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:928-929. [PMID: 33069423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Z Liou
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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12
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Brescia AA, Lou X, Louis C, Blitzer D, Coyan GN, Han JJ, Watson JJ, Mehaffey JH. The Thoracic Surgery Residents Association: Past contributions, current efforts, and future directions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 162:917-927.e5. [PMID: 33051070 PMCID: PMC7456949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Thoracic Surgery Residents Association (TSRA) is a resident-led organization established in 1997 under the guidance of the Thoracic Surgery Directors Association to represent the interests and educational needs of cardiothoracic surgery residents. We aim to describe the past contributions, current efforts, and future directions of the TSRA within a conceptual framework of the TSRA mission. METHODS Primary review of educational resources was performed to report goals and content of past contributions. TSRA Executive Committee input was used to describe current resources and activities, as well as the future goals of the TSRA. Podcast analytics were performed to report national and global usage. RESULTS Since 2011, the TSRA has published 3 review textbooks, 5 reference guides, 3 test-preparation textbooks, 1 supplementary publication, and 1 multiple-choice question bank and mobile application, all written and developed by cardiothoracic surgery trainees. In total 108 podcasts have been recorded by mentored trainees, with more than 175,000 unique listens. Most recently, the TSRA has begun facilitating trainee submissions to Young Surgeon's Notes, fostered a trainee mentorship program, developed the monthly TSRA Newsletter, and established a wide-reaching presence on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to help disseminate educational resources and opportunities for trainees. CONCLUSIONS The TSRA continues to be the leading cardiothoracic surgery resident organization in North America, providing educational resources and networking opportunities for all trainees. Future directions include development of an integrated disease-based resource and continued collaboration within and beyond our specialty to enhance the educational opportunities and career development of cardiothoracic trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoying Lou
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Clauden Louis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - David Blitzer
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Garrett N Coyan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jason J Han
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Justin J Watson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - J Hunter Mehaffey
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
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13
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Shin SH, Tang GL, Shalhub S. Integrated residency is associated with an increase in women among vascular surgery trainees. J Vasc Surg 2020; 71:609-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Vinck EE. Cardiac surgery in Colombia: History, advances, and current perceptions of training. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:2347-2352. [PMID: 31699420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Vinck
- Division of Thoracic Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, El Bosque University, Fundación Cardioinfantil; Dr Horacio Oduber Hospitaal, Oranjestad, Aruba.
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Keilin CA, Sandhu G, Matusko N, Reddy RM. Ten Years Into the Integrated Residency Era: A Pilot Study Shows Many Cardiothoracic Surgery Faculty Still Favor the Traditional Pathway. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 32:756-762. [PMID: 31302237 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first integrated cardiothoracic surgery residents (I-6) graduated in 2013. Predominantly, there is still the option to pursue a traditional training pathway via general surgery residency followed by 2-3 years of specialized cardiothoracic surgery training. Our aim was to understand the perspectives of academic cardiothoracic faculty on the various training models. An anonymous web-based survey was distributed to all academic cardiothoracic surgeons in the United States. Respondents were asked about their perceptions of the 2 training models (I-6 and traditional). Descriptive statistics and Fisher exact test were used to analyze the data. A total of 15.4% (111/719) of faculty completed responses. When comparing training models, 23.4% of faculty believe the I-6 is a superior structure, 31.5% believe they are about the same, and 45.0% believe the traditional model is better. Also, 51.4% of the faculty said they would still apply into a traditional fellowship, with 27.9% picking an I-6 program and 20.7% picking a 4 + 3 model. A total of 40.5% believe the I-6 is good for the specialty and 55.0% think the I-6 attracts higher achieving applicants, but 26.1% and 19.8% believe it is improving training or increasing the scholarly activity of residents, respectively. When asked about resident experience, 56.4% of I-6 faculty feel there is a bias against their residents on the general surgery service, which some believe leads to poor educational outcomes for I-6 residents. The integrated residency represents a major shift in cardiothoracic surgery training. Faculty opinions vary regarding the quality and effectiveness of this model with many preferring the traditional model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurjit Sandhu
- Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Niki Matusko
- Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rishindra M Reddy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Zhu Y, Goldstone AB, Woo YJ. Integrated Thoracic Surgery Residency: Current Status and Future Evolution. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:345-349. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Algethami MR, Bandah ST, Safhi MA, Noman GA, Ghunaim AH, Rizk H, Alnajjar HA. Factors Influencing Saudi Medical Student's Decision Towards Cardiothoracic Surgery as a Future Career, a Cross Sectional Study. Mater Sociomed 2019; 31:197-201. [PMID: 31762702 PMCID: PMC6853736 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2019.31.197-201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There has been a progressive decline in students’ interest to consider cardiothoracic surgery as future career in the distant regions in the world. There are many factors could explain declining interest in cardiothoracic surgery including diminished caseloads due to the expansive growth of interventional cardiology; length of training programs that influences medical student’s perception. King Abdulaziz University student’s interest to join the speciality explored in our study. We determined some factors that influence their decision making toward their cardiothoracic career. Aim: We aimed to estimate the current interests of medical students at King Abdulaziz University to pursue a career in Cardiothoracic surgery and to determine the factors that positively or negatively affect their decision. Material and Methods: A self-administered online survey designed on Google form was distributed through email to fourth, fifth, and sixth-year medical students. Five domains; demographics, current career intentions, previous exposure to surgery, experiences and perceptions of cardiothoracic surgery were covered in the questionnaire to identify factors affecting student decision to choose cardiothoracic surgery as a future career. Results: Among 486 students at our institution, 179 (36, 83%) medical students completed the questionnaire more than half of them 91 (50.8%) were males. The percentage of students who considered cardiothoracic surgery as a future career was (4.5%); when asked if they were serious in pursuing a career in cardiothoracic surgery, (14.5%) of the student were affirmative. Of those participated in the survey, Twenty-four students believed they had adequate introduction to the cardiothoracic surgery during their undergraduate program. Conclusion: cardiothoracic surgery is falling away behind other specialties as career of choice for many future physicians. It is believed mainly related to inadequate introduction to the field. Increasing exposure and close mentorship is needed to attract more students to pursue a career in cardiothoracic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara T Bandah
- Medical Intern, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Safhi
- Medical students, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaida A Noman
- Medical Intern, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hisham Rizk
- Department of Surgery, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani A Alnajjar
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Graduate Subspecialty and Perceptions of Cardiothoracic Surgery Training: A 60-Year Retrospective Study. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 107:285-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Is someone listening? The first IJTC National Survey of CTVS trainees. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 35:124-129. [PMID: 33060991 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-018-0755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiothoracic surgery will soon have a shortage of qualified surgeons in India, because the profession is losing appeal among surgical residents. Do we really understand why the profession is not their first choice, or what the current cardiothoracic residents think about their training? This article is the first nationwide survey meant only for cardiothoracic residents in training, conducted through online survey tool to report on the issues concerning our residents.
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Chen H, Reddy RM, Palmer SW, Coleman DM, Hoch JR, DiMusto PD, Rectenwald JE. Attrition rates in integrated vascular and cardiothoracic surgery residency and fellowship programs. J Vasc Surg 2018; 69:236-241. [PMID: 30455051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attrition in surgical programs remains a significant problem resulting in trainee dissatisfaction and wasted time and educational dollars. Attrition rates in general surgery training programs approximate 5% per year (30% cumulative). Attrition rates in cardiovascular surgery training for the traditional vascular surgery fellowship (VSF), the vascular surgery residency (VSR), and the corresponding programs in cardiothoracic surgery have yet to be described, although they are assumed to be similar to those associated with general surgery training. METHODS A retrospective review of the Association of American Medical Colleges Annual Physician Specialty Data Book was performed. Data from consecutive academic years 2007-2008 to 2013-2014 were analyzed. The number of total residents, the number who did not complete their training, and those who successfully completed the program were recorded. Attrition rates were then calculated for VSF, VSR, general surgery residency (GSR), cardiothoracic surgery fellowship (CTF), and cardiothoracic surgery integrated residency (CTR). RESULTS Annually, between 2007-2008 and 2013-2014, there were zero to two vascular surgery residents who failed to complete the program (0%-5.9%). In the last 4 years of the study, whereas the absolute number of residents who failed to complete the program remained constant at 1 or 2 per year, the attrition rate decreased to 1 of 171 trainees (0.6%) in 2013-2014 as the total number of programs (and numbers of vascular surgery residents) significantly increased. During the same 7-year period, the number of vascular surgery fellows who did not complete their training ranged from one to six annually (0.4%-2.5%). Compared with the VSF, the VSR data show a relatively low and constant rate of attrition. In contrast, the number of general surgery residents who did not complete their program during the study period varied from 255 to 388 residents annually (3.3%-5.2%). During its first 3 years of inception, the CTR program had an attrition rate of 0%, and it was not until 2012-2013 that trainees failed to complete the program, resulting in an annual attrition rate of 1.2% to 3.2% from that point on. The annual attrition rate of CTF training programs ranged from 7 to 15 fellows (2.9%-6.8%) during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The inception of VSR and CTR programs dramatically changed the paradigms for training in these highly specialized surgical fields. Comparisons of attrition rates between these two programs and the traditional VSF and CTR as well as GSR suggests lesser rates of attrition in the integrated programs. These data may prove reassuring to VSR and CTR program directors, whose significantly smaller programs are more vulnerable to the loss of even a single trainee than general surgery training programs are. In addition, the VSF program has stable and lower attrition rates compared with the CTF and GSR programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rishi M Reddy
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Sarah W Palmer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Dawn M Coleman
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - John R Hoch
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc
| | - Paul D DiMusto
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc
| | - John E Rectenwald
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisc.
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Cook CC, Wei LM, Roberts HG, Badhwar V. Mentoring the newly minted: Evolving the rules of engagement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:2224-2225. [PMID: 30093149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Cook
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Lawrence M Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Harold G Roberts
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa
| | - Vinay Badhwar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WVa.
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Fricke TA, Lee MGY, Brink J, d'Udekem Y, Brizard CP, Konstantinov IE. Early Mentoring of Medical Students and Junior Doctors on a Path to Academic Cardiothoracic Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 105:317-320. [PMID: 29191360 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2005 the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at The Royal Children's Hospital started an early academic mentoring program for medical students and junior doctors with the aim of fostering an interest in academic surgery. METHODS Between 2005 and 2015, 37 medical students and junior doctors participated in research in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at The Royal Children's Hospital. Each was given an initial project on which to obtain ethics approval, perform a literature review, data collection, statistical analysis, and prepare a manuscript for publication. A search of the names of these former students and doctors was conducted on PubMed to identify publications. RESULTS A total of 113 journal articles were published in peer-reviewed journals with an average impact factor of 4.1 (range, 1.1 to 19.9). Thirty (30 of 37, 81%) published at least one article. A mean of 4.3 journal articles was published per student or junior doctor (range, 0 to 29). Eleven (11 of 37, 30%) received scholarships for their research. Nine (9 of 37, 24%) have completed or are enrolled in higher research degrees with a cardiothoracic surgery focus. Of these 9, 2 have completed doctoral degrees while in cardiothoracic surgery training. Five will complete their cardiothoracic surgery training with a doctoral degree and the other 2 are pursuing training in cardiology. CONCLUSIONS A successful early academic mentoring program in a busy cardiothoracic surgery unit is feasible. Mentoring of motivated individuals in academic surgery benefits not only their medical career, but also helps maintain high academic output of the unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson A Fricke
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa G Y Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Johann Brink
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yves d'Udekem
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian P Brizard
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Igor E Konstantinov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Lee JJ, Park NH, Lee KS, Chee HK, Sim SB, Kim MJ, Choi JS, Kim M, Park CS. Projections of Demand for Cardiovascular Surgery and Supply of Surgeons. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2016; 49:S37-S43. [PMID: 28035296 PMCID: PMC5173335 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2016.49.s1.s37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background While demand for cardiovascular surgery is expected to increase gradually along with the rapid increase in cardiovascular diseases with respect to the aging population, the supply of thoracic and cardiovascular surgeons has been continuously decreasing over the past 10 years. Consequently, this study aims to achieve guidance in establishing health care policy by analyzing the supply and demand for cardiovascular surgeries in the medical service area of Korea. Methods After investigating the actual number of cardiovascular surgeries performed using the National Health Insurance claim data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, as well as drawing from national statistics concerning the elderly population aged 65 and over, this study estimated the number of future cardiovascular surgeries by using a cell-based model. To be able to analyze the supply and demand of surgeons, the recent status of new surgeons specializing in thoracic and cardiovascular surgeries and the ratio of their subspecialties in cardiovascular surgeries were investigated. Then, while taking three different scenarios into account, the number of cardiovascular surgeons expected be working in 5-year periods was projected. Results The number of cardiovascular surgeries, which was recorded at 10,581 cases in 2014, is predicted to increase consistently to reach a demand of 15,501 cases in 2040—an increase of 46.5%. There was a total of 245 cardiovascular surgeons at work in 2014. Looking at 5 year spans in the future, the number of surgeons expected to be supplied in 2040 is 184, to retire is 249, and expected to be working is 309—an increase of −24.9%, 1.6%, and 26.1%, respectively compared to those in 2014. This forecasts a demand-supply imbalance in every scenario. Conclusion Cardiovascular surgeons are the most central resource in the medical service of highly specialized cardiovascular surgeries, and fostering the surgeons requires much time, effort, and resources; therefore, by analyzing the various factors affecting the supply of cardiovascular surgeons, an active intervention of policies can be prescribed for the areas that have failed to meet the appropriate market distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jeung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine
| | - Nam Hee Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine
| | - Kun Sei Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine
| | - Hyun Keun Chee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine
| | - Sung Bo Sim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine
| | - Myo Jeong Kim
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
| | - Ji Suk Choi
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
| | - Myunghwa Kim
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
| | - Choon Seon Park
- Health Insurance Review and Assessment Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service
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Lajos P, Negrete A, Ravin R, Marin M, Faries P. A survey of 0 + 5 vascular surgery residency candidates: Perceptions of an applicant pool. Vascular 2016; 24:610-620. [DOI: 10.1177/1708538116629590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Applications to integrated (0 + 5) vascular surgery residencies have increased, while total applications have stayed relatively constant. This survey sought to document the perceptions of 0 + 5 vascular surgery applicants. Methods Academic faculty conducted interviews for 0 + 5 residency match at an academic medical center in preparation for the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Main Residency Match. Applicant pool (n = 20) perceptions were determined with surveys. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. Results Nineteen interviewees (26.3% female: 73.7% male), age (26.8 ± 2.6 years) responded (95% response rate). Of 19 respondents, 68% became interested in vascular surgery in their third year with 53% becoming aware of 0 + 5 programs in their third year. All respondents identified a vascular surgery attending at their institution as significant mentors. Forty-seven percent identified their mentor during their third year of medical school. All respondents felt that 0 + 5 training would prepare them adequately for the workforce and board certification exams. Almost all (89%) had plans to seek jobs immediately upon completion of residency. Conclusion Applicants remained positive about their planned training and career paths. Attending vascular surgeons were identified as the strongest mentors, yet most students decided only in their third and fourth years to pursue 0 + 5 residencies. Educational debt remains a concern, and there may be consideration for a concerted effort to recruit potential candidates sooner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lajos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Alejandro Negrete
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Reid Ravin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Michael Marin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Peter Faries
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
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Robich MP, Flagg A, LaPar DJ, Odell DD, Stein W, Aftab M, Berfield KS, Eilers AL, Groth SS, Lazar JF, Shah AA, Smith DA, Stephens EH, Stock CT, DeNino WF, Tchantchaleishvili V, Soltesz EG. Understanding Why Residents May Inaccurately Log Their Role in Operations: A Look at the 2013 In-Training Examination Survey. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101:323-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bridgeman A, Findlay R, Devnani A, Lim D, Loganathan K, McElnay P, West D, Coonar A. Inspiring the next generation of Cardiothoracic Surgeons: an easily reproducible, sustainable event increases UK undergraduate interest in the specialty. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 22:106-8. [PMID: 26467636 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is believed to be declining interest in cardiothoracic surgical careers among UK medical students. Relative lack of undergraduate exposure to the specialty compared with other surgical specialties may be partly responsible. Using pre- and postintervention analysis, we assessed the ability of a student-led extracurricular engagement event to increase undergraduate interest in the specialty. Fifty-four students attended and 50 (93%) participated in the study. Of the total, 32% of delegates had identified a cardiothoracic mentor, with only 8 and 4% exposed to cardiac and thoracic surgery, respectively, compared with 50% exposed to other surgical specialties. Self-reported understanding of cardiothoracic training increased from 20 to 80% (P < 0.001) after the 1-day event; 77% of delegates reported increased interest in the specialty. We demonstrate that it is possible to provide a free-to-user event that increases engagement using a student-led design. Similar events could increase interest in the specialty and may improve recruitment rates. Current levels of cardiothoracic exposure are very low among UK students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross Findlay
- University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Diana Lim
- University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Philip McElnay
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas West
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Aman Coonar
- Papworth Hospital, University of Cambridge Health Partners, Cambridge, UK
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Trehan K, Zhou X, Yang SC. Is Medical Student Interest in Cardiothoracic Surgery Maintained After Receiving Scholarship Awards? Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:926-9; discussion 930-1. [PMID: 26101097 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical student exposure to cardiothoracic surgery has been facilitated by many scholarship opportunities. This study reviews the long-term interest of students at our institution who have received such support. METHODS After the first or second year of medical school, participants were selected to receive scholarships for clinical or research activities in cardiothoracic surgery ranging from 4 to 8 weeks in duration. These were funded by the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Southern Thoracic Surgical Association, or a private family donor. Over time, each student's scholarship type, current interest in cardiothoracic surgery, and current education or career status was prospectively monitored in an institutional database. RESULTS Since 1999, 45 students received scholarships. Eight (18%) were funded by the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, two (4%) by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons one (2%) by the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association, and 34 (76%) by private donors. The median follow-up of graduated students is 7 years. Of the 20 (44%) with an active current interest in cardiothoracic surgery, 2 are faculty, 1 is a fellow, 1 is in an integrated 6-year program, 11 are in general surgery residency and are planning to apply to cardiothoracic surgery fellowship, and the remaining 5 are in medical school and planning a cardiothoracic surgery career. Of all former medical students who received cardiothoracic surgery research scholarships and who have now made a career choice, 17.4% chose cardiothoracic surgery. CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of medical students who received scholarships in cardiothoracic surgery maintained their interest over time, and more than half maintained interest in a surgical field. Although long-term data are scarce, it remains critical to foster mentoring relationships with students over time to guide their career choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Trehan
- Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xun Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen C Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Tchantchaleishvili V, LaPar DJ, Stephens EH, Berfield KS, Odell DD, DeNino WF. Current Integrated Cardiothoracic Surgery Residents: A Thoracic Surgery Residents Association Survey. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1040-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Varghese TK, Mokadam NA, Verrier ED, Wallyce D, Wood DE. Motivations and Demographics of I-6 and Traditional 5+2 Cardiothoracic Surgery Resident Applicants: Insights From an Academic Training Program. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:877-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lebastchi AH, Yuh DD. Nationwide survey of US integrated 6-year cardiothoracic surgical residents. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:401-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mattes MD, Kharofa J, Zeidan YH, Tung K, Gondi V, Golden DW. Results of the 2012-2013 Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology (ARRO) Job Search and Career Planning Survey of Graduating Residents in the United States. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 88:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nelson JS. A Bright Future: Cardiothoracic Surgery Training in Transition. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:1535-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Costa J, D'Ovidio F, Bacchetta M, Lavelle M, Singh G, Sonett JR. Physician assistant model for lung procurements: a paradigm worth considering. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 96:2033-7. [PMID: 24090582 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic procurements have traditionally been performed by surgical fellows or attending cardiothoracic surgeons. Donor lung procurement protocols are well established and fairly standardized; however, specific procurement training and judgment are essential to optimizing donor utilization. Although the predicted future deficits of cardiothoracic surgeons are based on a variety of analytic models and scenarios, it appears evident that there will not be a sufficient number of trained cardiothoracic surgeons over the next 2 decades. Over the past 5 years in our institution, lung procurements have been performed by a specifically trained physician assistant; as the lead donor surgeon. This model may serve as a cost effective, reproducible, and safe alternative to using surgical fellows and attending surgeons, assuring continuity, ongoing technical expertise, and teaching while addressing future workforce issues as related to transplant. METHODS This is a single institution review of 287 consecutive lung procurements performed by either a physician assistant or fellow over 5 years. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Columbia University, which waived the need for informed consent (IRB#AAAL7107). RESULTS From 2008 to 2012, fellows served as senior surgeon in 90 cases (31.4%) versus 197 cases (68.6%) by the physician assistant, including 12 Donations after Cardiac Death and 6 reoperative donors. Injury rate was significantly lower for the physician assistant compared with the resident cohort (1 of 197 [0.5%] vs 22 of 90 [24%], respectively). Rates for pulmonary graft dysfunction grade 2 and 3 were found to be significantly lower in cases where the physician assistant served as senior surgeon (combined rates of 32.2% [29 of 90] vs 9.6% [19 of 197] in the physician assistant group) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Use of experienced physician assistants in donor lung procurements is a safe and viable alternative offering continuity of technical expertise and evaluation of lung allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Costa
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Bohl M, Reddy RM. Spouses of thoracic surgery applicants: changing demographics and motivations in a new generation. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2013; 70:640-646. [PMID: 24016376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Applications to thoracic residency have decreased. The causes are multifactorial, but include changing motivations such as lifestyle concerns. Thoracic residents (TRs) have been well studied, but no one has ever characterized the influence or motivations of their spouses. We sought to evaluate the demographics and interests of TR spouses. METHODS An electronic survey was sent to all TR applicants over 2 years at 2 training programs and to all current TRs in 2010. Recipients were asked to forward the survey to their spouses. Responses were analyzed globally and compared in subgroups. RESULTS Sixty-six surveys were completed and returned for a response rate of 19%. Among them, 86% of respondents were female, with 82% being married for a mean of 4.3 years. Fifty-nine percent of respondents had children and 64% were planning on having more children within 3 years. Hundred percent felt optimistic that they would be financially stable after training, but only 57% were optimistic about quality of life after training. Eighty-four percent felt that they had influence on the choice of training program. Almost 80% wanted more information on salary, housing, and access to faculty spouses. Quality of fellowship, geographic location, and proximity to family were the top 3 factors in choosing a program. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 90% of respondents reported they want to travel to more interviews, and nearly 90% of respondents reported having some to complete influence over which training program to attend. It is safe to presume, therefore, that applicant spouses are not only highly influential on TR applicants but also interested in greater inclusion in the interview process. The results show numerous demographic and characteristic trends which, if further validated by definitive studies, would be applicable to all post-surgery residency training programs and may help TR programs to be more competitive in attracting applicants and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bohl
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Welk B, Kodama R, Macneily A. The newly graduated Canadian urologist: Over-trained and underemployed? Can Urol Assoc J 2013; 7:E10-5. [PMID: 23401733 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are two prevailing perceptions among urology residents (1) fellowship training is becoming a requirement after residency, and (2) there are few job opportunities after graduation. In this study, we examine postgraduate training patterns and employment choices of urology residents. METHODS All Canadian urology program directors provided a summary of fellowship training and employment of Canadian residents graduating between 1998 and 2009. Logistic regression models were used to detect linear trends. RESULTS In total, 258 Canadian urology residents graduated over the study period, with a median of 22 (interquartile range 21-22) graduating per year. Of these, 72% completed a fellowship. Of these fellowships, 62% included protected research time. The most common subspecialty area was minimally invasive surgery (MIS)/endourology (39% of fellowships). There was a significant increase in fellowship training over time (p < 0.0001); this was mostly due to an increase in MIS/endourology fellowships. The number of urologists obtaining graduate degrees after medical school has increased significantly over the study period. Almost all graduates are employed. Of the employed graduates in total, 34% are academic urologists. Among all graduates, 50% are practicing within 100 km of their residency site, 16% are practicing in the United States and 22% are in rural practice. There has been no significant change over time in the proportion of residents practicing within 100 km of their training program, practicing rurally, leaving their province of training, practicing in the United States, or choosing academic practice. CONCLUSIONS Fellowship training, especially in MIS/endourology, has become significantly more common. Graduate degrees are more frequently being obtained. We did not find evidence that there has been a significant change in a urology resident's ultimate ability to obtain employment upon graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blayne Welk
- Assistant Professor, University of Western Ontario, London, ON
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Lou X, Enter D, Sheen L, Adams K, Reed CE, McCarthy PM, Calhoon JH, Verrier ED, Lee R. Sustained Supervised Practice on a Coronary Anastomosis Simulator Increases Medical Student Interest in Surgery, Unsupervised Practice Does Not. Ann Thorac Surg 2013; 95:2057-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vaithianathan R, Panneerselvam S. Emerging alternative model for cardiothoracic surgery training in India. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2013; 18:1-4. [PMID: 23651927 PMCID: PMC3647042 DOI: 10.3402/meo.v18i0.20961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In India, cardiothoracic (CT) surgery training follows a 3+3-year model, where 3 years of general surgery residency with certification (MS/DNB) is required for entering 3 years of thoracic surgery residency (MCh/DNB). There are two certifying boards at the national level. One being the Medical Council of India (MCI), which oversees the major accreditation process involving the undergraduate and postgraduate medical education in India, and the other being the National Board of Examinations (NBE), which was formed for the purpose of establishing a uniform standard of postgraduate medical education. Recently, the latter body has come up with an alternative model for thoracic surgery residency in India. This model includes an integrated 6-year residency, with lesser emphasis on general surgical skills and greater exposure to CT surgery. CONCLUSIONS Changes to the current model of training for CT surgery is the need of the hour and should be initiated very soon by the MCI to meet the future demand for CT surgeons in India. An integrated training program is essential to create a new generation of cardiovascular specialists. Future directions to achieve this goal must include modifications to the undergraduate programs so as to infuse interest for CT surgery in the young minds of medical students.
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Sainathan S. Integrated Thoracic Residency: The Only Pathway of Thoracic Surgery Training in the Future? Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94:1374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Impact of a Six-Year Integrated Thoracic Surgery Training Program at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93:592-5; discussion 596-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sarkaria IS, Carr SR, MacIver RH, Whitson BA, Joyce DL, Stulak J, Mery CM, Guitron J, Singh RR, Mettler B, Turek JW. The 2010 Thoracic Surgery Residents Association Workforce Survey Report: A View From the Trenches⁎⁎The authors comprise the Thoracic Surgery Residents Association Executive Committee. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92:2062-70; discussion 2070-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Tesche LJ, Feins RH, Dedmon MM, Newton KN, Egan TM, Haithcock BE, Veeramachaneni NK, Bowdish ME. Simulation Experience Enhances Medical Students' Interest in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90:1967-73; discussion 1973-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tchantchaleishvili V, Mokashi SA, Rajab TK, Bolman RM, Chen FY, Schmitto JD. Comparison of cardiothoracic surgery training in USA and Germany. J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 5:118. [PMID: 21108853 PMCID: PMC3002340 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-5-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Training of cardiothoracic surgeons in Europe and the United States has expanded to incorporate new operative techniques and requirements. The purpose of this study was to compare the current structure of training programs in the United States and Germany. Methods We thoroughly reviewed the existing literature with particular focus on the curriculum, salary, board certification and quality of life for cardiothoracic trainees. Results The United States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany each have different cardiothoracic surgery training programs with specific strengths and weaknesses which are compared and presented in this publication. Conclusions The future of cardiothoracic surgery training will become affected by technological, demographic, economic and supply factors. Given current trends in training programs, creating an efficient training system would allow trainees to compete and grow in this constantly changing environment.
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Early Tracking Would Improve the Operative Experience of General Surgery Residents. Ann Surg 2010; 252:445-9; discussion 449-51. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3181f0d105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ouzounian M, Hassan A, Teng CJ, Tang GH, Vanderby SA, Latham TB, Feindel CM. The cardiac surgery workforce: a survey of recent graduates of Canadian training programs. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90:460-6. [PMID: 20667330 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of applications to Canadian cardiac surgery programs has declined recently. Perception of a difficult job market for new graduates may contribute to this decline. The objective of this survey was to document the experience of recent graduates of Canadian cardiac surgery training programs. METHODS A 45-question, web-based survey was distributed to all graduates of Canadian cardiac surgery training programs who completed their training between 2002 and 2008. RESULTS Of the 62 estimated recent graduates, 50 completed the survey (81%). Mean age was 36 + or - 3 years and 90% were male. The mean number of years of training after medical school was 9.4 + or - 1.6 years; 78% completed a graduate degree; and 27% extended their training because of a lack of jobs. When asked about employment, 74% mostly or definitely got the job they wanted, although 34% considered themselves underemployed. Most respondents (98%) considered finding employment for a new graduate in cardiac surgery today difficult or extremely difficult, and 64% believed that there is currently an excess of cardiac surgeons in Canada. Only 54% of participants would strongly recommend cardiac surgery to potential trainees. CONCLUSIONS The majority of recent graduates from Canadian cardiac surgery training programs were successful in finding secure employment. A substantial proportion, however, extended their training because of a lack of jobs and reported feeling underemployed. Survey respondents agreed that a new graduate might have difficulty finding a job in cardiac surgery today. These concerns may contribute to the challenges of recruiting to the specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Ouzounian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Managing the Cardiothoracic Surgical Workforce: A Responsibility of the Profession. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90:365-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cooke DT, Kerendi F, Mettler BA, Boffa DJ, Mehall JR, Merrill WH, Higgins RSD. Update on cardiothoracic surgery resident job opportunities. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89:1853-8; discussion 1858-9. [PMID: 20494038 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns regarding ample employment opportunities for graduating cardiothoracic surgery residents may affect perceptions of the field and recruitment into residency programs. We present the results of the Thoracic Surgery Residents Association/Thoracic Surgery Directors Association (TSRA/TSDA) 2008 Resident Survey, and compare them with the 2007 TSRA/TSDA survey and the 2006 interim report of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Task Force on Job Opportunities. METHODS In April 2008, the TSRA/TSDA conducted an anonymous survey, linked to the cardiothoracic surgery resident online In-training Exam, with questions germane to resident job seeking and perceptions of the specialty. Results were compared with resident surveys from 2007 and 2006. RESULTS Response rates for the 2008 and 2007 surveys were 100%, and 54.2% for 2006. Of graduating residents looking for employment, 61.6% had one or more job offers, compared with 64.6% and 83.5% from the 2007 and 2006 surveys, respectively. Of the respondents completing their job search, 24.5% entered private practice and 26.3% academia, compared with 12.1% and 30.1%, respectively, in the 2007 survey. Overall, 57.7% of all respondents had more than $50,000 education-related debt, compared with 54.2% of 2007 respondents. However, 71.5% of all 2008 respondents would recommend cardiothoracic surgery to a potential trainee, compared with 63.7% and 46.0% from 2007 and 2006 survey respondents, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 2008 survey suggests that although the majority of respondents found employment on completing residency, the percentage is less than 65%, reinforcing a need for formal networking programs or changes in residency training. Despite continued limited employment opportunities, resident impressions of cardiothoracic surgery have improved from 2006 to 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Cooke
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
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Fullerton DA. An endangered species. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139:4-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Omer S, Chu D, Huh J, Coselli JS, LeMaire SA, Sansgiry S, Kar B, Paniagua D, Carabello BA, Bakaeen FG. Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement Performed by Residents in Octogenarians. J Surg Res 2009; 156:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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