1
|
Aboouf MA, Gorr TA, Hamdy NM, Gassmann M, Thiersch M. Myoglobin in Brown Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Player in Thermogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2240. [PMID: 37759463 PMCID: PMC10526770 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in energy homeostasis by generating heat from chemical energy via uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation. Besides its high mitochondrial content and its exclusive expression of the uncoupling protein 1, another key feature of BAT is the high expression of myoglobin (MB), a heme-containing protein that typically binds oxygen, thereby facilitating the diffusion of the gas from cell membranes to mitochondria of muscle cells. In addition, MB also modulates nitric oxide (NO•) pools and can bind C16 and C18 fatty acids, which indicates a role in lipid metabolism. Recent studies in humans and mice implicated MB present in BAT in the regulation of lipid droplet morphology and fatty acid shuttling and composition, as well as mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. These functions suggest that MB plays an essential role in BAT energy metabolism and thermogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail the possible physiological roles played by MB in BAT thermogenesis along with the potential underlying molecular mechanisms and focus on the question of how BAT-MB expression is regulated and, in turn, how this globin regulates mitochondrial, lipid, and NO• metabolism. Finally, we present potential MB-mediated approaches to augment energy metabolism, which ultimately could help tackle different metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A. Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Thomas A. Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Christen L, Broghammer H, Rapöhn I, Möhlis K, Strehlau C, Ribas‐Latre A, Gebhardt C, Roth L, Krause K, Landgraf K, Körner A, Rohde‐Zimmermann K, Hoffmann A, Klöting N, Ghosh A, Sun W, Dong H, Wolfrum C, Rassaf T, Hendgen‐Cotta UB, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Heiker JT, Weiner J. Myoglobin-mediated lipid shuttling increases adrenergic activation of brown and white adipocyte metabolism and is as a marker of thermogenic adipocytes in humans. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1108. [PMID: 36480426 PMCID: PMC9731393 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment and activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) results in increased energy expenditure (EE) via thermogenesis and represents an intriguing therapeutic approach to combat obesity and treat associated diseases. Thermogenesis requires an increased and efficient supply of energy substrates and oxygen to the BAT. The hemoprotein myoglobin (MB) is primarily expressed in heart and skeletal muscle fibres, where it facilitates oxygen storage and flux to the mitochondria during exercise. In the last years, further contributions of MB have been assigned to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the regulation of cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels and also lipid binding. There is a substantial expression of MB in BAT, which is induced during brown adipocyte differentiation and BAT activation. This suggests MB as a previously unrecognized player in BAT contributing to thermogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS This study analyzed the consequences of MB expression in BAT on mitochondrial function and thermogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Using MB overexpressing, knockdown or knockout adipocytes, we show that expression levels of MB control brown adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory capacity and acute response to adrenergic stimulation, signalling and lipolysis. Overexpression in white adipocytes also increases their metabolic activity. Mutation of lipid interacting residues in MB abolished these beneficial effects of MB. In vivo, whole-body MB knockout resulted in impaired thermoregulation and cold- as well as drug-induced BAT activation in mice. In humans, MB is differentially expressed in subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (VIS) adipose tissue (AT) depots, differentially regulated by the state of obesity and higher expressed in AT samples that exhibit higher thermogenic potential. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate for the first time a functional relevance of MBs lipid binding properties and establish MB as an important regulatory element of thermogenic capacity in brown and likely beige adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Christen
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Helen Broghammer
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kevin Möhlis
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christian Strehlau
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Aleix Ribas‐Latre
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Claudia Gebhardt
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Lisa Roth
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL)University Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig (CPL)University Hospital for Children and AdolescentsMedical FacultyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Kerstin Rohde‐Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of FoodNutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular MedicineWest German Heart and Vascular CenterMedical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Ulrike B. Hendgen‐Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular MedicineWest German Heart and Vascular CenterMedical FacultyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI‐MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III ‐ EndocrinologyNephrologyRheumatologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzigGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aboouf MA, Armbruster J, Thiersch M, Gassmann M, Gödecke A, Gnaiger E, Kristiansen G, Bicker A, Hankeln T, Zhu H, Gorr TA. Myoglobin, expressed in brown adipose tissue of mice, regulates the content and activity of mitochondria and lipid droplets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159026. [PMID: 34384891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The identification of novel physiological regulators that stimulate energy expenditure through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in substrate catalysis is of utmost importance to understand and treat metabolic diseases. Myoglobin (MB), known to store or transport oxygen in heart and skeletal muscles, has recently been found to bind fatty acids with physiological constants in its oxygenated form (i.e., MBO2). Here, we investigated the in vivo effect of MB expression on BAT activity. In particular, we studied mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism as essential determinants of energy expenditure in this tissue. We show in a MB-null (MBko) mouse model that MB expression in BAT impacts on the activity of brown adipocytes in a twofold manner: i) by elevating mitochondrial density plus maximal respiration capacity, and through that, by stimulating BAT oxidative metabolism along with the organelles` uncoupled respiration; and ii) by influencing the free fatty acids pool towards a palmitate-enriched composition and shifting the lipid droplet (LD) equilibrium towards higher counts of smaller droplets. These metabolic changes were accompanied by the up-regulated expression of thermogenesis markers UCP1, CIDEA, CIDEC, PGC1-α and PPAR-α in the BAT of MB wildtype (MBwt) mice. Along with the emergence of the "browning" BAT morphology, MBwt mice exhibited a leaner phenotype when compared to MBko littermates at 20 weeks of age. Our data shed novel insights into MB's role in linking oxygen and lipid-based thermogenic metabolism. The findings suggest potential new strategies of targeting the MB pathway to treat metabolic disorders related to diminishing energy expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Julia Armbruster
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Life Science Zurich Graduate School, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology (A.G.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66/6, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Bicker
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Thomas A Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blackburn ML, Wankhade UD, Ono-Moore KD, Chintapalli SV, Fox R, Rutkowsky JM, Willis BJ, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Adams SH. On the potential role of globins in brown adipose tissue: a novel conceptual model and studies in myoglobin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E47-E62. [PMID: 33969705 PMCID: PMC8321818 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00662.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) regulates O2 bioavailability in muscle and heart as the partial pressure of O2 (Po2) drops with increased tissue workload. Globin proteins also modulate cellular NO pools, "scavenging" NO at higher Po2 and converting NO2- to NO as Po2 falls. Myoglobin binding of fatty acids may also signal a role in fat metabolism. Interestingly, Mb is expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but its function is unknown. Herein, we present a new conceptual model that proposes links between BAT thermogenic activation, concurrently reduced Po2, and NO pools regulated by deoxy/oxy-globin toggling and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). We describe the effect of Mb knockout (Mb-/-) on BAT phenotype [lipid droplets, mitochondrial markers uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and cytochrome C oxidase 4 (Cox4), transcriptomics] in male and female mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% of energy, ∼13 wk), and examine Mb expression during brown adipocyte differentiation. Interscapular BAT weights did not differ by genotype, but there was a higher prevalence of mid-large sized droplets in Mb-/-. COX4 protein expression was significantly reduced in Mb-/- BAT, and a suite of metabolic/NO/stress/hypoxia transcripts were lower. All of these Mb-/--associated differences were most apparent in females. The new conceptual model, and results derived from Mb-/- mice, suggest a role for Mb in BAT metabolic regulation, in part through sexually dimorphic systems and NO signaling. This possibility requires further validation in light of significant mouse-to-mouse variability of BAT Mb mRNA and protein abundances in wild-type mice and lower expression relative to muscle and heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myoglobin confers the distinct red color to muscle and heart, serving as an oxygen-binding protein in oxidative fibers. Less attention has been paid to brown fat, a thermogenic tissue that also expresses myoglobin. In a mouse knockout model lacking myoglobin, brown fat had larger fat droplets and lower markers of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, especially in females. Gene expression patterns suggest a role for myoglobin as an oxygen/nitric oxide-sensor that regulates cellular metabolic and signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Renee Fox
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jennifer M Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Brandon J Willis
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ono-Moore KD, Olfert IM, Rutkowsky JM, Chintapalli SV, Willis BJ, Blackburn ML, Williams DK, O'Reilly J, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Adams SH. Metabolic physiology and skeletal muscle phenotypes in male and female myoglobin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E63-E79. [PMID: 33969704 PMCID: PMC8321820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00624.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) is a regulator of O2 bioavailability in type I muscle and heart, at least when tissue O2 levels drop. Mb also plays a role in regulating cellular nitric oxide (NO) pools. Robust binding of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain acylcarnitines to Mb, and enhanced glucose metabolism in hearts of Mb knockout (KO) mice, suggest additional roles in muscle intermediary metabolism and fuel selection. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), body weight gain and adiposity, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in Mb knockout (Mb-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% of calories). In males (n = 10/genotype) and females (n = 9/genotype) tested at 5-6, 11-12, and 17-18 wk, there were no genotype effects on RER, EE, or food intake. RER and EE during cold (10°C, 72 h), and glucose and insulin tolerance, were not different compared with within-sex WT controls. At ∼18 and ∼19 wk of age, female Mb-/- adiposity was ∼42%-48% higher versus WT females (P = 0.1). Transcriptomics analyses (whole gastrocnemius, soleus) revealed few consistent changes, with the notable exception of a 20% drop in soleus transferrin receptor (Tfrc) mRNA. Capillarity indices were significantly increased in Mb-/-, specifically in Mb-rich soleus and deep gastrocnemius. The results indicate that Mb loss does not have a major impact on whole body glucose homeostasis, EE, RER, or response to a cold challenge in mice. However, the greater adiposity in female Mb-/- mice indicates a sex-specific effect of Mb KO on fat storage and feed efficiency.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The roles of myoglobin remain to be elaborated. We address sexual dimorphism in terms of outcomes in response to the loss of myoglobin in knockout mice and perform, for the first time, a series of comprehensive metabolic studies under conditions in which fat is mobilized (high-fat diet, cold). The results highlight that myoglobin is not necessary and sufficient for maintaining oxidative metabolism and point to alternative roles for this protein in muscle and heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jennifer M Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Brandon J Willis
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - D Keith Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Juliana O'Reilly
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu L, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang D, Wu H, Li W, Wei H, Ta N, Fan Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang J, Pan X, Liao X, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 is regulated by PGC-1α/NRF1 to fine tune mitochondrial homeostasis. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50629. [PMID: 33554448 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an essential cellular autophagic process that selectively removes superfluous and damaged mitochondria, and it is coordinated with mitochondrial biogenesis to fine tune the quantity and quality of mitochondria. Coordination between these two opposing processes to maintain the functional mitochondrial network is of paramount importance for normal cellular and organismal metabolism. However, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here we report that PGC-1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic adaptation, also transcriptionally upregulate the gene encoding FUNDC1, a previously characterized mitophagy receptor, in response to cold stress in brown fat tissue. NRF1 binds to the classic consensus site in the promoter of Fundc1 to upregulate its expression and to enhance mitophagy through its interaction with LC3. Specific knockout of Fundc1 in BAT results in reduced mitochondrial turnover and accumulation of functionally compromised mitochondria, leading to impaired adaptive thermogenesis. Our results demonstrate that FUNDC1-dependent mitophagy is directly coupled with mitochondrial biogenesis through the PGC-1α/NRF1 pathway, which dictates mitochondrial quantity, quality, and turnover and contributes to adaptive thermogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Na Ta
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yushan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
UCP1-independent thermogenesis. Biochem J 2020; 477:709-725. [PMID: 32059055 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from energy imbalance, when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) drives non-shivering thermogenesis which represents a powerful mechanism of enhancing the energy expenditure side of the energy balance equation. The best understood thermogenic system in BAT that evolved to protect the body from hypothermia is based on the uncoupling of protonmotive force from oxidative phosphorylation through the actions of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a key regulator of cold-mediated thermogenesis. Similarly, energy expenditure is triggered in response to caloric excess, and animals with reduced thermogenic fat function can succumb to diet-induced obesity. Thus, it was surprising when inactivation of Ucp1 did not potentiate diet-induced obesity. In recent years, it has become clear that multiple thermogenic mechanisms exist, based on ATP sinks centered on creatine, lipid, or calcium cycling, along with Fatty acid-mediated UCP1-independent leak pathways driven by the ADP/ATP carrier (AAC). With a key difference between cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis being the dynamic changes in purine nucleotide (primarily ATP) levels, ATP-dependent thermogenic pathways may play a key role in diet-induced thermogenesis. Additionally, the ubiquitous expression of AAC may facilitate increased energy expenditure in many cell types, in the face of over feeding. Interest in UCP1-independent energy expenditure has begun to showcase the therapeutic potential that lies in refining our understanding of the diversity of biochemical pathways controlling thermogenic respiration.
Collapse
|
8
|
Bast-Habersbrunner A, Fromme T. Purine Nucleotides in the Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue Activity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:118. [PMID: 32210919 PMCID: PMC7076073 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis in mammalian brown adipose tissue is a powerful mechanism to defend normothermia in cold climates. To minimize the loss of chemical energy, the central functional component, mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, UCP1, must be tightly regulated. The canonical pathway of UCP1 activation includes lipolytic release of free fatty acids in response to an adrenergic signal. Activating fatty acids overcome constitutive inhibition of UCP1 by the di- and triphosphate forms of purine nucleotides, i.e., ATP, ADP, GTP, and GDP. Cellular concentrations of inhibitory, free nucleotides are subject to significant, adrenergically induced alterations. The regulatory components involved may constitute novel drug targets to manipulate brown fat thermogenesis and thereby organismic energy balance. We here review evidence for and against a dominant role of nucleotides in thermogenic control, describe conceptual routes to endogenously and pharmacologically alter free nucleotide pool size, speculate on a signaling role of degradation products released from active brown fat, and highlight gaps in our understanding of signaling and metabolic pathways involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bast-Habersbrunner
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tobias Fromme
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nirengi S, Fuse S, Amagasa S, Homma T, Kime R, Kuroiwa M, Endo T, Sakane N, Matsushita M, Saito M, Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T. Applicability of Supraclavicular Oxygenated and Total Hemoglobin Evaluated by Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy as Indicators of Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092214. [PMID: 31064052 PMCID: PMC6539985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may potentially be used in strategies for preventing lifestyle-related diseases. We examine evidence that near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (NIRTRS) is capable of estimating human BAT density (BAT-d). The parameters examined in this study are total hemoglobin [total-Hb]sup, oxygenated Hb [oxy-Hb]sup, deoxygenated Hb [deoxy-Hb]sup, Hb O2 saturation (StO2sup), and the reduced scattering coefficient in the supraclavicular region (μs’sup), where BAT deposits can be located; corresponding parameters in the control deltoid region are obtained as controls. Among the NIRTRS parameters, [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup show region-specific increases in winter, compared to summer. Further, [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup are correlated with cold-induced thermogenesis in the supraclavicular region. We conclude that NIRTRS-determined [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup are useful parameters for evaluating BAT-d in a simple, rapid, non-invasive manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nirengi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Sayuri Fuse
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Homma
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Daito Bunka University, Higashimatsuyama-shi, Saitama 355-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Kime
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Kuroiwa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Tasuki Endo
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Clinical Research Institute, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
| | - Mami Matsushita
- Department of Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan.
| | | | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yau WW, Singh BK, Lesmana R, Zhou J, Sinha RA, Wong KA, Wu Y, Bay BH, Sugii S, Sun L, Yen PM. Thyroid hormone (T 3) stimulates brown adipose tissue activation via mitochondrial biogenesis and MTOR-mediated mitophagy. Autophagy 2018; 15:131-150. [PMID: 30209975 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1511263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) activates thermogenesis by uncoupling electron transport from ATP synthesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria. Although T3 can induce thermogenesis by sympathetic innervation, little is known about its cell autonomous effects on BAT mitochondria. We thus examined effects of T3 on mitochondrial activity, autophagy, and metabolism in primary brown adipocytes and BAT and found that T3 increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration as well as autophagic flux, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, there was no significant induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) despite high mitochondrial respiration and UCP1 induction by T3. However, when cells were treated with Atg5 siRNA to block autophagy, induction of mitochondrial respiration by T3 decreased, and was accompanied by ROS accumulation, demonstrating a critical role for autophagic mitochondrial turnover. We next generated an Atg5 conditional knockout mouse model (Atg5 cKO) by injecting Ucp1 promoter-driven Cre-expressing adenovirus into Atg5Flox/Flox mice to examine effects of BAT-specific autophagy on thermogenesis in vivo. Hyperthyroid Atg5 cKO mice exhibited lower body temperature than hyperthyroid or euthyroid control mice. Metabolomic analysis showed that T3 increased short and long chain acylcarnitines in BAT, consistent with increased β-oxidation. T3 also decreased amino acid levels, and in conjunction with SIRT1 activation, decreased MTOR activity to stimulate autophagy. In summary, T3 has direct effects on mitochondrial autophagy, activity, and turnover in BAT that are essential for thermogenesis. Stimulation of BAT activity by thyroid hormone or its analogs may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and metabolic diseases. Abbreviations: ACACA: acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; Acsl1: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BAT: brown adipose tissue; cKO: conditional knockout; COX4I1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; Cpt1b: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DIO2: deiodinase, iodothyronine, type 2; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; Fabp4: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; FOXO1: forkhead box O1; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; Gpx1: glutathione peroxidase 1; Lipe: lipase, hormone sensitive; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAD: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Nrf1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PPARGC1A: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; Pnpla2: patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2; Prdm16: PR domain containing 16; PRKA: protein kinase, AMP-activated; RPS6KB: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of the mean; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; Sod1: superoxide dismutase 1, soluble; Sod2: superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; T3: 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier); ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; VDAC1: voltage-dependent anion channel 1; WAT: white adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winifred W Yau
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,b Physiology Division, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biology Cell, Faculty of Medicine , Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung , Indonesia.,c Central laboratory , Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung , Indonesia
| | - Jin Zhou
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,d Department of Endocrinology , Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow , India
| | - Kiraely A Wong
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Yajun Wu
- e Department of Anatomy , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- e Department of Anatomy , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,f Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR , Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- a Laboratory of Hormonal Regulation , Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore.,g Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hiroshima Y, Yamamoto T, Watanabe M, Baba Y, Shinohara Y. Effects of cold exposure on metabolites in brown adipose tissue of rats. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:36-42. [PMID: 30023288 PMCID: PMC6047462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in regulation of energy expenditure while adapting to a cold environment. BAT thermogenesis depends on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is expressed in the inner mitochondrial membranes of BAT. Gene expression profiles induced by cold exposure in BAT have been studied, but the metabolomic biological pathway that contributes to the activation of thermogenesis in BAT remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively compared the relative levels of metabolites between the BAT of rats kept at room temperature (22 °C) and of those exposed to a cold temperature (4 °C) for 48 h using capillary electrophoresis (CE) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) and liquid chromatography (LC)-TOFMS. We identified 218 metabolites (137 cations and 81 anions) by CE-TOFMS and detected 81 metabolites (47 positive and 34 negative) by LC-TOFMS in BAT. We found that cold exposure highly influenced the BAT metabolome. We showed that the cold environment lead to lower levels of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis intermediates and higher levels of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, fatty acids, and acyl-carnitine metabolites than control conditions in the BAT of rats. These results indicate that glycolysis and β-oxidation of fatty acids in BAT are positive biological pathways that contribute to the activation of thermogenesis by cold exposure, thereby facilitating the generation of heat by UCP1. These data provide useful information for understanding the basal metabolic functions of BAT thermogenesis in rats in response to cold exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Hiroshima
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takenori Yamamoto
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokushima, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- ImPACT Research Center for Advanced Nanobiodevices, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shinohara
- Institute for Genome Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokushima, 1-78 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Brown fat is emerging as an interesting and promising target for therapeutic intervention in obesity and metabolic disease. Activation of brown fat in humans is associated with marked improvement in metabolic parameters such as levels of free fatty acids and insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle is another important organ for thermogenesis, with the capacity to induce energy-consuming futile cycles. In this Review, we focus on how these two major thermogenic organs - brown fat and muscle - act and cooperate to maintain normal body temperature. Moreover, in the light of disease-relevant mechanisms, we explore the molecular pathways that regulate thermogenesis in brown fat and muscle. Brown adipocytes possess a unique cellular mechanism to convert chemical energy into heat: uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which can short-circuit the mitochondrial proton gradient. However, recent research demonstrates the existence of several other energy-expending 'futile' cycles in both adipocytes and muscle, such as creatine and calcium cycling. These mechanisms can complement or even substitute for UCP1-mediated thermogenesis. Moreover, they expand our view of cold-induced thermogenesis from a special feature of brown adipocytes to a more general physiological principle. Finally, we discuss how thermogenic mechanisms can be exploited to expend energy and hence offer new therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fromme T, Kleigrewe K, Dunkel A, Retzler A, Li Y, Maurer S, Fischer N, Diezko R, Kanzleiter T, Hirschberg V, Hofmann T, Klingenspor M. Degradation of brown adipocyte purine nucleotides regulates uncoupling protein 1 activity. Mol Metab 2017; 8:77-85. [PMID: 29310935 PMCID: PMC5985227 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-shivering thermogenesis in mammalian brown adipose tissue depends on thermogenic uncoupling protein 1. Its activity is triggered by free fatty acids while purine nucleotides mediate inhibition. During activation, it is thought that free fatty acids overcome purine-mediated inhibition. We measured the cellular concentration and the release of purine nucleotide metabolites to uncover a possible role of purine nucleotide degradation in uncoupling protein 1 activation. Methods With mass spectrometry, purine nucleotide metabolites were quantified in cellular homogenates and supernatants of cultured primary brown adipocytes. We also determined oxygen consumption in response to a β-adrenergic agonist. Results Upon adrenergic activation, brown adipocytes decreased the intracellular concentration of inhibitory nucleotides (ATP, ADP, GTP and GDP) and released the respective degradation products. At the same time, an increase in cellular calcium occurred. None of these phenomena occurred in white adipocytes or myotubes. The brown adipocyte expression of enzymes implicated in purine metabolic remodeling is altered upon cold exposure. Pharmacological and genetic interference of purine metabolism altered uncoupling protein 1 mediated uncoupled respiration. Conclusion Adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes lowers the intracellular concentration of purine nucleotides, thereby contributing to uncoupling protein 1 activation. The total concentration of purine nucleotides is lower in brown than in white adipocytes. Upon adrenergic activation, brown adipocytes decrease purine nucleotide concentrations and release degradation products. Upon adrenergic activation, free purine nucleotide concentrations are further decreased by complexation to imported calcium. Full thermogenic activity of uncoupling protein 1 requires remodeling of purine pool sizes. Decreased free purine nucleotide concentrations contribute to full uncoupling protein 1 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fromme
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Retzler
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Natascha Fischer
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Rolf Diezko
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Kanzleiter
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Hirschberg
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shinozaki F, Abe T, Kamei A, Watanabe Y, Yasuoka A, Shimada K, Kondo K, Arai S, Kumagai K, Kondo T, Abe K. Coordinated regulation of hepatic and adipose tissue transcriptomes by the oral administration of an amino acid mixture simulating the larval saliva of Vespa species. GENES AND NUTRITION 2016; 11:21. [PMID: 27551322 PMCID: PMC4968451 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background VAAM is an amino acid mixture that simulates the composition of Vespa larval saliva. VAAM enhanced physical endurance of mice and have been used by athletes as a supplementary drink before exercise. However, there is no information on the effect of VAAM on the physiology of freely moving animals. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the VAAM-dependent regulation of liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes. Results Mice were orally fed a VAAM solution, an amino acid mixture mimicking casein hydrolysate (CAAM) or water under ad libitum feeding conditions for 5 days. Comparisons of the hepatic transcriptome between VAAM-, CAAM-, and water-treated groups revealed a VAAM-specific regulation of the metabolic pathway, i.e., the down-regulation of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation and the up-regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis and glucogenic amino acid utilization. Similar transcriptomic analyses of white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT, respectively) indicated the up-regulation of phospholipid synthesis in WAT and the negative regulation of cellular processes in BAT. Because the coordinated regulation of tissue transcriptomes implied the presence of upstream signaling common to these tissues, we conducted an Ingenuity Pathways Analysis. This analysis showed that estrogenic and glucagon signals were activated in the liver and WAT and that beta-adrenergic signaling was activated in all three tissues. Conclusions We found that VAAM ingestion had an effect on multiple tissue transcriptomes of freely moving mice. Utilization of glycogenic amino acids may have been activated in the liver. Fatty acid conversion into phospholipid, not to triacylglycerol, may have been stimulated in adipocytes contrasting that a little effect was observed in BAT. Analysis of upstream factors revealed that multiple hormonal signals were activated in the liver, WAT, and BAT. Our data provide some clues to understanding the role of VAAM in metabolic regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0534-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Shinozaki
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Takashi Abe
- Hornet Research Center, 1-48-7-201 Matsubara, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 156-0043 Japan
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Kosuke Shimada
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Kaori Kondo
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Soichi Arai
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan ; NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Kota Kumagai
- KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD., 2, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0841 Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Project for Development of Food Functionality Assessment Methods, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science & Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan ; Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kazak L, Chouchani ET, Jedrychowski MP, Erickson BK, Shinoda K, Cohen P, Vetrivelan R, Lu GZ, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Hasenfuss SC, Kajimura S, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM. A creatine-driven substrate cycle enhances energy expenditure and thermogenesis in beige fat. Cell 2015; 163:643-55. [PMID: 26496606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate chemical energy as heat, and their thermogenic activities can combat obesity and diabetes. Herein the functional adaptations to cold of brown and beige adipose depots are examined using quantitative mitochondrial proteomics. We identify arginine/creatine metabolism as a beige adipose signature and demonstrate that creatine enhances respiration in beige-fat mitochondria when ADP is limiting. In murine beige fat, cold exposure stimulates mitochondrial creatine kinase activity and induces coordinated expression of genes associated with creatine metabolism. Pharmacological reduction of creatine levels decreases whole-body energy expenditure after administration of a β3-agonist and reduces beige and brown adipose metabolic rate. Genes of creatine metabolism are compensatorily induced when UCP1-dependent thermogenesis is ablated, and creatine reduction in Ucp1-deficient mice reduces core body temperature. These findings link a futile cycle of creatine metabolism to adipose tissue energy expenditure and thermal homeostasis. PAPERCLIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Kazak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Erickson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gina Z Lu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Sebastian C Hasenfuss
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hao Q, Yadav R, Basse AL, Petersen S, Sonne SB, Rasmussen S, Zhu Q, Lu Z, Wang J, Audouze K, Gupta R, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Hansen JB. Transcriptome profiling of brown adipose tissue during cold exposure reveals extensive regulation of glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E380-92. [PMID: 25516548 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00277.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We applied digital gene expression profiling to determine the transcriptome of brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT, respectively) during cold exposure. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to cold for 2 or 4 days. A notable induction of genes related to glucose uptake, glycolysis, glycogen metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway was observed in BAT from cold-exposed animals. In addition, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 expression was induced in BAT from cold-challenged mice, suggesting increased synthesis of glycerol from glucose. Similarly, expression of lactate dehydrogenases was induced by cold in BAT. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (Pdk2) and Pdk4 were expressed at significantly higher levels in BAT than in WAT, and Pdk2 was induced in BAT by cold. Of notice, only a subset of the changes detected in BAT was observed in WAT. Based on changes in gene expression during cold exposure, we propose a model for the intermediary glucose metabolism in activated BAT: 1) fluxes through glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway are induced, the latter providing reducing equivalents for de novo fatty acid synthesis; 2) glycerol synthesis from glucose is increased, facilitating triacylglycerol synthesis/fatty acid re-esterification; 3) glycogen turnover and lactate production are increased; and 4) entry of glucose carbon into the tricarboxylic acid cycle is restricted by PDK2 and PDK4. In summary, our results demonstrate extensive and diverse gene expression changes related to glucose handling in activated BAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachita Yadav
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Astrid L Basse
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Si B Sonne
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Rasmussen
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qianhua Zhu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhike Lu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China; Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China; Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Université Paris Diderot, Inserm UMR-S973, Paris, France; and
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Nordnes, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jacob B Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen WQ, Li L, Lubec G. Proteomic differences between white and brown adipocytes. Amino Acids 2014; 46:995-1008. [PMID: 24390458 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although a series of protein levels from several protein pathways have been shown to differ between white (WA) and brown (BA) adipocytes, proteomic work on this subject with the exception of mitochondrial protein differences is limited. It was, therefore, the aim of the study to compare WA with BA soluble protein levels. Proteins were extracted from WA and BA and the soluble fraction was run on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Quantification of spot volume was carried out and protein spots, statistically different between groups (P < 0.01), were in-gel digested with trypsin and peptides were identified using nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS in the CID and ETD mode. Differences between selected proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting. A network was generated using the ingenuity pathway analysis. Five proteins, protein DJ-1, dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, isocitrate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha and immunoglobulin-binding protein 1, were increased in BA based on a gel-based proteomic method and differential expression was verified by immunoblotting. These individual proteins were represented by one spot each and sequence coverages were between 28 and 65%. A network generated based on these results indicated a link to ubiquitination. Differential protein levels between WA and BA allow interpretation of previous work on adipocyte biochemistry and form the basis for future studies with genetic or pharmacological inhibition of these proteins accompanied by work on phenotype and adipocyte function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Comparison of the catalytic activities of three isozymes of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 expressed in COS7 cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1486-96. [PMID: 24222496 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to carnitine to form acylcarnitine, and three isozymes of it, 1a, 1b, and 1c, have been identified. Interestingly, the 1c isozyme was reported to show no enzymatic activity, but it was not clearly demonstrated whether this inactivity was due to its dysfunction or due to its poor expression. In the present study, we (a) expressed individual CPT1 isozymes in COS7 cells, (b) evaluated quantitatively their expression levels by Western blotting using the three bacterially expressed CPT1 isozymes as standards, and (c) evaluated their catalytic activities. With these experiments, we successfully demonstrated that the absence of the enzymatic activity of the 1c isozyme was due to its dysfunction. In addition, experiments on the preparation of standard CPT1 isozymes revealed that the 1c isozyme did not show the standard relationship between migration in an SDS-PAGE gel and molecular size. We further tried to determine why the 1c isozyme was inert by preparing chimeric CPT1 between 1a and 1c, but no clear conclusion could be drawn because one of the chimeric CPT1s was not sufficiently expressed.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cold-induced changes in gene expression in brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue and liver. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68933. [PMID: 23894377 PMCID: PMC3718809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure imposes a metabolic challenge to mammals that is met by a coordinated response in different tissues to prevent hypothermia. This study reports a transcriptomic analysis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), white adipose (WAT) and liver of mice in response to 24 h cold exposure at 8°C. Expression of 1895 genes were significantly (P<0.05) up- or down-regulated more than two fold by cold exposure in all tissues but only 5 of these genes were shared by all three tissues, and only 19, 14 and 134 genes were common between WAT and BAT, WAT and liver, and BAT and liver, respectively. We confirmed using qRT-PCR, the increased expression of a number of characteristic BAT genes during cold exposure. In both BAT and the liver, the most common direction of change in gene expression was suppression (496 genes in BAT and 590 genes in liver). Gene ontology analysis revealed for the first time significant (P<0.05) down regulation in response to cold, of genes involved in oxidoreductase activity, lipid metabolic processes and protease inhibitor activity, in both BAT and liver, but not WAT. The results reveal an unexpected importance of down regulation of cytochrome P450 gene expression and apolipoprotein, in both BAT and liver, but not WAT, in response to cold exposure. Pathway analysis suggests a model in which down regulation of the nuclear transcription factors HNF4α and PPARα in both BAT and liver may orchestrate the down regulation of genes involved in lipoprotein and steroid metabolism as well as Phase I enzymes belonging to the cytochrome P450 group in response to cold stress in mice. We propose that the response to cold stress involves decreased gene expression in a range of cellular processes in order to maximise pathways involved in heat production.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Objective: A better understanding of the processes influencing energy expenditure could provide new therapeutic strategies for reducing obesity. As the metabolic activity of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle is an important determinant of overall energy expenditure and adiposity, we investigated the role of genes that could influence cellular bioenergetics in these two tissues. Design: We screened for genes that are induced in both the BAT and skeletal muscle during acute adaptive thermogenesis in the mouse by microarray. We used C57BL/6J mice as well as the primary and immortalized brown adipocytes and C2C12 myocytes to validate the microarray data. Further characterization included gene expression, mitochondrial density, cellular respiration and substrate utilization. We also used a Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel to assess in vivo effects on obesity and body fat content. Results: We identified the transcription factor Zbtb16 (also known as Plzf and Zfp14) as being induced in both the BAT and skeletal muscle during acute adaptive thermogenesis. Zbtb16 overexpression in brown adipocytes led to the induction of components of the thermogenic program, including genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis and mitochondrial function. Enhanced Zbtb16 expression also increased mitochondrial number, as well as the respiratory capacity and uncoupling. These effects were accompanied by decreased triglyceride content and increased carbohydrate utilization in brown adipocytes. Natural variation in Zbtb16 mRNA levels in multiple tissues across a panel of >100 mouse strains was inversely correlated with body weight and body fat content. Conclusion: Our results implicate Zbtb16 as a novel determinant of substrate utilization in brown adipocytes and of adiposity in vivo.
Collapse
|
21
|
Differential Effects of Cold Exposure on Gene Expression Profiles in White Versus Brown Adipose Tissue. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:538-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Okada N, Yamamoto T, Watanabe M, Yoshimura Y, Obana E, Yamazaki N, Kawazoe K, Shinohara Y, Minakuchi K. Identification of TMEM45B as a protein clearly showing thermal aggregation in SDS–PAGE gels and dissection of its amino acid sequence responsible for this aggregation. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 77:118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Quantitative evaluation of the effects of cold exposure of rats on the expression levels of ten FABP isoforms in brown adipose tissue. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 33:237-42. [PMID: 20972819 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We quantitatively examined the transcript levels of ten fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) isoforms in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of rats kept at room temperature and of rats exposed to the cold by Northern blotting using the synthesized RNA of each isoform as an external standard. FABP3-5 were expressed in BAT of both rats maintained at room temperature and those exposed to the cold. FABP4 was the most abundantly expressed isoform, but its transcript level was not significantly affected by cold exposure. FABP3 was slightly expressed in the BAT of rats maintained at room temperature and its transcript level was elevated ten fold by cold exposure. FABP5 was also elevated four fold by cold exposure but the amount of its mRNA in BAT was negligible.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hall JA, Ribich S, Christoffolete MA, Simovic G, Correa-Medina M, Patti ME, Bianco AC. Absence of thyroid hormone activation during development underlies a permanent defect in adaptive thermogenesis. Endocrinology 2010; 151:4573-82. [PMID: 20660060 PMCID: PMC2940501 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 deiodinase (D2), which is highly expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), is an enzyme that amplifies thyroid hormone signaling in individual cells. Mice with inactivation of the D2 pathway (D2KO) exhibit dramatically impaired thermogenesis in BAT, leading to hypothermia during cold exposure and a greater susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. This was interpreted as a result of defective acute activation of BAT D2. Here we report that the adult D2KO BAT has a permanent thermogenic defect that stems from impaired embryonic BAT development. D2KO embryos have normal serum T3 but due to lack of D2-generated T3 in BAT, this tissue exhibits decreased expression of genes defining BAT identity [i.e. UCP1, PGC-1alpha and Dio2 (nonfunctional)], which results in impaired differentiation and oxidative capacity. Coinciding with a reduction of these T3-responsive genes, there is oxidative stress that in a cell model of brown adipogenesis can be linked to decreased insulin signaling and decreased adipogenesis. This discovery highlights the importance of deiodinase-controlled thyroid hormone signaling in BAT development, where it has important metabolic repercussions for energy homeostasis in adulthood.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acclimatization/genetics
- Acclimatization/physiology
- Adipocytes/cytology
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Adipogenesis/physiology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/embryology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/growth & development
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Mammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Iodide Peroxidase/genetics
- Iodide Peroxidase/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Oxygen Consumption/genetics
- Oxygen Consumption/physiology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Temperature
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Thermogenesis/physiology
- Thyroid Hormones/blood
- Thyroid Hormones/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hall
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|