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Agostini A, Shen G, Bryant DA, Golbeck JH, van der Est A, Carbonera D. Optically detected magnetic resonance and mutational analysis reveal significant differences in the photochemistry and structure of chlorophyll f synthase and photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:149002. [PMID: 37562512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria that undergo far red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP), chlorophyll (Chl) f is produced by the ChlF synthase enzyme, probably by photo-oxidation of Chl a. The enzyme forms homodimeric complexes and the primary amino acid sequence of ChlF shows a high degree of homology with the D1 subunit of photosystem II (PSII). However, few details of the photochemistry of ChlF are known. The results of a mutational analysis and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) data from ChlF are presented. Both sets of data show that there are significant differences in the photochemistry of ChlF and PSII. Mutation of residues that would disrupt the donor side primary electron transfer pathway in PSII do not inhibit the production of Chl f, while alteration of the putative ChlZ, P680 and QA binding sites rendered ChlF non-functional. Together with previously published transient EPR and flash photolysis data, the ODMR data show that in untreated ChlF samples, the triplet state of P680 formed by intersystem crossing is the primary species generated by light excitation. This is in contrast to PSII, in which 3P680 is only formed by charge recombination when the quinone acceptors are removed or chemically reduced. The triplet states of a carotenoid (3Car) and a small amount of 3Chl f are also observed by ODMR. The polarization pattern of 3Car is consistent with its formation by triplet energy transfer from ChlZ if the carotenoid molecule is rotated by 15° about its long axis compared to the orientation in PSII. It is proposed that the singlet oxygen formed by the interaction between molecular oxygen and 3P680 might be involved in the oxidation of Chl a to Chl f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock, Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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2
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Battistuzzi M, Cocola L, Liistro E, Claudi R, Poletto L, La Rocca N. Growth and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Microalgae and Plants with Different Levels of Complexity Exposed to a Simulated M-Dwarf Starlight. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1641. [PMID: 37629498 PMCID: PMC10455698 DOI: 10.3390/life13081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms (OPOs) are primary producers on Earth and generate surface and atmospheric biosignatures, making them ideal targets to search for life from remote on Earth-like exoplanets orbiting stars different from the Sun, such as M-dwarfs. These stars emit very low light in the visible and most light in the far-red, an issue for OPOs, which mostly utilize visible light to photosynthesize and grow. After successfully testing procaryotic OPOs (cyanobacteria) under a simulated M-dwarf star spectrum (M7, 365-850 nm) generated through a custom-made lamp, we tested several eukaryotic OPOs: microalgae (Dixoniella giordanoi, Microchloropsis gaditana, Chromera velia, Chlorella vulgaris), a non-vascular plant (Physcomitrium patens), and a vascular plant (Arabidopsis thaliana). We assessed their growth and photosynthetic efficiency under three light conditions: M7, solar (SOL) simulated spectra, and far-red light (FR). Microalgae grew similarly in SOL and M7, while the moss P. patens showed slower growth in M7 with respect to SOL. A. thaliana grew similarly in SOL and M7, showing traits typical of shade-avoidance syndrome. Overall, the synergistic effect of visible and far-red light, also known as the Emerson enhancing effect, could explain the growth in M7 for all organisms. These results lead to reconsidering the possibility and capability of the growth of OPOs and are promising for finding biosignatures on exoplanets orbiting the habitable zone of distant stars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Battistuzzi
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy (N.L.R.)
- Center for Space Studies and Activities (CISAS), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cocola
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.C.)
| | | | - Riccardo Claudi
- National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), Astronomical Observatory of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Poletto
- National Council of Research of Italy, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), 35131 Padua, Italy; (L.C.)
| | - Nicoletta La Rocca
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy (N.L.R.)
- Center for Space Studies and Activities (CISAS), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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3
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Size and Fluorescence Properties of Algal Photosynthetic Antenna Proteins Estimated by Microscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020778. [PMID: 35054961 PMCID: PMC8775774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenna proteins play a major role in the regulation of light-harvesting in photosynthesis. However, less is known about a possible link between their sizes (oligomerization state) and fluorescence intensity (number of photons emitted). Here, we used a microscopy-based method, Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS), to analyze different antenna proteins at the particle level. The direct comparison indicated that Chromera Light Harvesting (CLH) antenna particles (isolated from Chromera velia) behaved as the monomeric Light Harvesting Complex II (LHCII) (from higher plants), in terms of their radius (based on the diffusion time) and fluorescence yields. FCS data thus indicated a monomeric oligomerization state of algal CLH antenna (at our experimental conditions) that was later confirmed also by biochemical experiments. Additionally, our data provide a proof of concept that the FCS method is well suited to measure proteins sizes (oligomerization state) and fluorescence intensities (photon counts) of antenna proteins per single particle (monomers and oligomers). We proved that antenna monomers (CLH and LHCIIm) are more "quenched" than the corresponding trimers. The FCS measurement thus represents a useful experimental approach that allows studying the role of antenna oligomerization in the mechanism of photoprotection.
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Slattery RA, Ort DR. Perspectives on improving light distribution and light use efficiency in crop canopies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:34-48. [PMID: 33631812 PMCID: PMC8133579 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant stands in nature differ markedly from most seen in modern agriculture. In a dense mixed stand, plants must vie for resources, including light, for greater survival and fitness. Competitive advantages over surrounding plants improve fitness of the individual, thus maintaining the competitive traits in the gene pool. In contrast, monoculture crop production strives to increase output at the stand level and thus benefits from cooperation to increase yield of the community. In choosing plants with higher yields to propagate and grow for food, humans may have inadvertently selected the best competitors rather than the best cooperators. Here, we discuss how this selection for competitiveness has led to overinvestment in characteristics that increase light interception and, consequently, sub-optimal light use efficiency in crop fields that constrains yield improvement. Decades of crop canopy modeling research have provided potential strategies for improving light distribution in crop canopies, and we review the current progress of these strategies, including balancing light distribution through reducing pigment concentration. Based on recent research revealing red-shifted photosynthetic pigments in algae and photosynthetic bacteria, we also discuss potential strategies for optimizing light interception and use through introducing alternative pigment types in crops. These strategies for improving light distribution and expanding the wavelengths of light beyond those traditionally defined for photosynthesis in plant canopies may have large implications for improving crop yield and closing the yield gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Slattery
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology & Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Author for communication:
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Giovagnetti V, Ruban AV. The mechanism of regulation of photosystem I cross-section in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:561-575. [PMID: 33068431 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosystems possess distinct fluorescence emissions at low (77K) temperature. PSI emits in the long-wavelength region at ~710-740 nm. In diatoms, a successful clade of marine primary producers, the contribution of PSI-associated emission (710-717 nm) has been shown to be relatively small. However, in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the source of the long-wavelength emission at ~710 nm (F710) remains controversial. Here, we addressed the origin and modulation of F710 fluorescence in this alga grown under continuous and intermittent light. The latter condition led to a strong enhancement in F710. Biochemical and spectral properties of the photosynthetic complexes isolated from thylakoid membranes were investigated for both culture conditions. F710 emission appeared to be associated with PSI regardless of light acclimation. To further assess whether PSII could also contribute to this emission, we decreased the concentration of PSII reaction centres and core antenna by growing cells with lincomycin, a chloroplast protein synthesis inhibitor. The treatment did not diminish F710 fluorescence. Our data suggest that F710 emission originates from PSI under the conditions tested and is enhanced in intermittent light-grown cells due to increased energy flow from the FCP antenna to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Giovagnetti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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6
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Wei L, You W, Gong Y, El Hajjami M, Liang W, Xu J, Poetsch A. Transcriptomic and proteomic choreography in response to light quality variation reveals key adaption mechanisms in marine Nannochloropsis oceanica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137667. [PMID: 32325597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms need to respond frequently to the fluctuation of light quality and light quantity in their habitat. In response to the fluctuation of different single wavelength lights, these organisms have to adjust and optimize the employment of light energy by redistributing excitation energy and remodeling photosystem stoichiometry or light complex structure. However, the response of whole cellular processes to fluctuations in single wavelength light is mostly unknown. Here, we report the transcriptomic and proteomic dynamics and metabolic adaptation mechanisms of Nannochloropsis oceanica to blue and red light. Preferential exposure to different light spectra induces massive reprogramming of the Nannochloropsis transcriptome and proteome. Combined with physiological and biochemical investigation, the rewiring of many cellular processes was observed, including carbon/nitrogen assimilation, photosynthesis, chlorophyll and cartenoid biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems, and chromatin state regulation. A strong and rapid regulation of genes or proteins related to nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, ROS scavenging system, and carotenoid metabolism were observed during 12 h and 24 h of exposure under red light. Additionally, two light harvesting complex proteins induced by blue light and one by red light were observed. The differential responses of N. oceanica to red and blue irradiation reveal how marine microalgae adapt to change in light quality and can be exploited for biofuel feedstock development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wuxin You
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yanhai Gong
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Mohamed El Hajjami
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wensi Liang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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7
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Kosugi M, Ozawa SI, Takahashi Y, Kamei Y, Itoh S, Kudoh S, Kashino Y, Koike H. Red-shifted chlorophyll a bands allow uphill energy transfer to photosystem II reaction centers in an aerial green alga, Prasiola crispa, harvested in Antarctica. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Wolf BM, Blankenship RE. Far-red light acclimation in diverse oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:349-359. [PMID: 31222688 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis has historically been considered limited to be driven by the wavelengths of visible light. However, in the last few decades, various adaptations have been discovered that allow algae, cyanobacteria, and even plants to utilize longer wavelength light in the far-red spectral range. These adaptations provide distinct advantages to the species possessing them, allowing the effective utilization of shade light under highly filtered light environments. In prokaryotes, these adaptations include the production of far-red-absorbing chlorophylls d and f and the remodeling of phycobilisome antennas and reaction centers. Eukaryotes express specialized light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes that use interactions between pigments and their protein environment to spectrally tune the absorption of chlorophyll a. If these adaptations could be applied to crop plants, a potentially significant increase in photon utilization in lower shaded leaves could be realized, improving crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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9
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Litvín R, Bína D, Herbstová M, Pazderník M, Kotabová E, Gardian Z, Trtílek M, Prášil O, Vácha F. Red-shifted light-harvesting system of freshwater eukaryotic alga Trachydiscus minutus (Eustigmatophyta, Stramenopila). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:137-151. [PMID: 31375979 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Survival of phototrophic organisms depends on their ability to collect and convert enough light energy to support their metabolism. Phototrophs can extend their absorption cross section by using diverse pigments and by tuning the properties of these pigments via pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interaction. It is well known that some cyanobacteria can grow in heavily shaded habitats by utilizing far-red light harvested with far-red-absorbing chlorophylls d and f. We describe a red-shifted light-harvesting system based on chlorophyll a from a freshwater eustigmatophyte alga Trachydiscus minutus (Eustigmatophyceae, Goniochloridales). A comprehensive characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus of T. minutus is presented. We show that thylakoid membranes of T. minutus contain light-harvesting complexes of several sizes differing in the relative amount of far-red chlorophyll a forms absorbing around 700 nm. The pigment arrangement of the major red-shifted light-harvesting complex is similar to that of the red-shifted antenna of a marine alveolate alga Chromera velia. Evolutionary aspects of the algal far-red light-harvesting complexes are discussed. The presence of these antennas in eustigmatophyte algae opens up new ways to modify organisms of this promising group for effective use of far-red light in mass cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Litvín
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Herbstová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Pazderník
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Trtílek
- PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s r.o. Drásov 470, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - František Vácha
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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10
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Behrendt L, Trampe EL, Nord NB, Nguyen J, Kühl M, Lonco D, Nyarko A, Dhinojwala A, Hershey OS, Barton H. Life in the dark: far-red absorbing cyanobacteria extend photic zones deep into terrestrial caves. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:952-963. [PMID: 31390129 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) f and d are the most recently discovered chlorophylls, enabling cyanobacteria to harvest near-infrared radiation (NIR) at 700-780 nm for oxygenic photosynthesis. Little is known about the occurrence of these pigments in terrestrial habitats. Here, we provide first details on spectral photon irradiance within the photic zones of four terrestrial cave systems in concert with a detailed investigation of photopigmentation, light reflectance and microbial community composition. We frequently found Chl f and d along the photic zones of caves characterized by low light enriched in NIR and inhabited by cyanobacteria producing NIR-absorbing pigments. Surprisingly, deeper parts of caves still contained NIR, an effect likely attributable to the reflectance of specific wavelengths by the surface materials of cave walls. We argue that the stratification of microbial communities across the photic zones of cave entrances resembles the light-driven species distributions in forests and aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Behrendt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18A, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik L Trampe
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Nadia B Nord
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000, Helsingør, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Science, University of Aarhus, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jen Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000, Helsingør, Denmark.,Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Danijela Lonco
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Alex Nyarko
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Olivia S Hershey
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Hazel Barton
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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11
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The effect of light quality and quantity on carbon allocation in Chromera velia. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:655-662. [PMID: 31399911 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromera velia is a marine photosynthetic relative of human apicomplexan parasites. It has been isolated from coral reefs and is indicted for being involved in symbioses with hermatypic corals. C. velia has been subject to intensive research, but still very little is known of its response to light quality and quantity. Here, we have studied the growth and compositional responses of C. velia to culture under monochromatic light (blue, green or red), at two photon flux densities (PFD, 20 and 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Our results show that C. velia growth rate is unaffected by the quality of light, whereas it responds to PFD. However, light quality influenced cell size, which was smaller for cells exposed to blue monochromatic light, regardless of PFD. PFD strongly influenced carbon allocation: at 20 μmol photons m-2 s-1, carbon was mainly allocated into proteins while at 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, carbon was allocated mainly into carbohydrate and lipid pools. The blue light treatment caused a decrease in the lipids and carbohydrates to proteins and thus suggested to affect nitrogen metabolism in acclimated cells. Whole-cell absorption spectra revealed the existence of red-shifted chlorophyll a antenna not only under red light but in all low PFD treatments. These findings show the ability of C. velia to successfully adapt and thrive in spectrally very different environments of coral reefs.
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12
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Niedzwiedzki DM, Wolf BM, Blankenship RE. Excitation energy transfer in the far-red absorbing violaxanthin/vaucheriaxanthin chlorophyll a complex from the eustigmatophyte alga FP5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:337-354. [PMID: 30701484 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work highlights spectroscopic investigations on a new representative of photosynthetic antenna complexes in the LHC family, a putative violaxanthin/vaucheriaxanthin chlorophyll a (VCP) antenna complex from a freshwater Eustigmatophyte alga FP5. A representative VCP-like complex, named as VCP-B3 was studied with both static and time-resolved spectroscopies with the aim of obtaining a deeper understanding of excitation energy migration within the pigment array of the complex. Compared to other VCP representatives, the absorption spectrum of the VCP-B3 is strongly altered in the range of the chlorophyll a Qy band, and is substantially red-shifted with the longest wavelength absorption band at 707 nm at 77 K. VCP-B3 shows a moderate xanthophyll-to-chlorophyll a efficiency of excitation energy transfer in the 50-60% range, 20-30% lower from comparable VCP complexes from other organisms. Transient absorption studies accompanied by detailed data fitting and simulations support the idea that the xanthophylls that occupy the central part of the complex, complementary to luteins in the LHCII, are violaxanthins. Target analysis suggests that the primary route of xanthophyll-to-chlorophyll a energy transfer occurs via the xanthophyll S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering and Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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13
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Büchel C. Light harvesting complexes in chlorophyll c-containing algae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148027. [PMID: 31153887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Besides the so-called 'green lineage' of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that include vascular plants, a huge variety of different algal groups exist that also harvest light by means of membrane intrinsic light harvesting proteins (Lhc). The main taxa of these algae are the Cryptophytes, Haptophytes, Dinophytes, Chromeridae and the Heterokonts, the latter including diatoms, brown algae, Xanthophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae amongst others. Despite the similarity in Lhc proteins between vascular plants and these algae, pigmentation is significantly different since no Chl b is bound, but often replaced by Chl c, and a large diversity in carotenoids functioning in light harvesting and/or photoprotection is present. Due to the presence of Chl c in most of the taxa the name 'Chl c-containing organisms' has become common, however, Chl b-less is more precise since some harbour Lhc proteins that only bind one type of Chl, Chl a. In recent years huge progress has been made about the occurrence and function of Lhc in diatoms, so-called fucoxanthin chlorophyll proteins (FCP), where also the first molecular structure became available recently. In addition, especially energy transfer amongst the unusual pigments bound was intensively studied in many of these groups. This review summarises the present knowledge about the molecular structure, the arrangement of the different Lhc in complexes, the excitation energy transfer abilities and the involvement in photoprotection of the different Lhc systems in the so-called Chl c-containing organisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Light harvesting, edited by Dr. Roberta Croce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Büchel
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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14
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Yokono M, Umetani I, Takabayashi A, Akimoto S, Tanaka A. Regulation of excitation energy in Nannochloropsis photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:155-161. [PMID: 29704164 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we isolated a complex consisting of photosystem II (PSII) and light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) from Nannochloropsis granulata (Umetani et al. Photosynth Res 136:49-61, 2017). This complex contained stress-related protein, Lhcx, as a major component of LHC (Protein ID is Naga_100173g12.1), suggesting that non-photochemical quenching activities may be taking place in the PSII-LHC complex. In this study, we examined the energy transfer dynamics in the isolated LHCs and PSII-LHC complexes, and found substantial quenching capacity. In addition, the LHCs contained low-energy chlorophylls with fluorescence maxima at approximately 710 nm, which may enhance the quenching efficiency in the PSII-LHC. Delayed fluorescence analysis suggested that there was an approximately 50% reduction in energy trapping at the PSII reaction center in the PSII-LHC supercomplex under low-pH condition compared to neutral pH condition. Enhanced quenching may confer a survival advantage in the shallow-water habitat of Nannochloropsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makio Yokono
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd., Atsugi, 243-0041, Japan.
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Umetani
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University College of Southeast Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, 3880, Bø, Norway
| | - Atushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Seiji Akimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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15
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Energy transfer dynamics in a red-shifted violaxanthin-chlorophyll a light-harvesting complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Umetani I, Kunugi M, Yokono M, Takabayashi A, Tanaka A. Evidence of the supercomplex organization of photosystem II and light-harvesting complexes in Nannochloropsis granulata. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:49-61. [PMID: 28856533 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diverse light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) have been found in photosynthetic microalgae that originated from secondary endosymbiosis involving primary red algae. However, the associations between LHCs and photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) in these microalgae are not fully understood. Eustigmatophyta is a red algal lineage that appears to have a unique organization in its photosynthetic machinery, consisting of only chlorophyll a and carotenoids that are atypical compared with other closely related groups. In this study, the supramolecular organization of pigment-protein complexes in the eustigmatophyte alga, Nannochloropsis granulata was investigated using Clear Native (CN) PAGE coupled with two-dimensional (2D) SDS-PAGE. Our results showed two slowly migrating green bands that corresponded to PSII supercomplexes, which consisted of reaction centers and LHCs. These green bands were also characterized as PSII complexes by their low temperature fluorescence emission spectra. The protein subunits of the PSII-LHC resolved by 2D CN/SDS-PAGE were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and four different LHC proteins were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the identified LHC protein sequences revealed that they belonged to four different Lhc groups; (1) stress-related Lhcx proteins, (2) fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding Lhcf proteins, (3) red-shifted Chromera light-harvesting proteins (Red-CLH), and (4) Lhcr proteins, which are commonly found in organisms possessing red algal plastids. This is the first report showing evidence of a pigment-protein supercomplex consisting of PSII and LHCs, and to identify PSII-associated LHC proteins in Nannochloropsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Umetani
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
- Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University College of Southeast Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, 3880, Bø, Norway
| | - Motoshi Kunugi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Makio Yokono
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takabayashi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Tanaka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, N19 W8 Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
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17
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Khoroshyy P, Bína D, Gardian Z, Litvín R, Alster J, Pšenčík J. Quenching of chlorophyll triplet states by carotenoids in algal light-harvesting complexes related to fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:213-225. [PMID: 28669083 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy with nanosecond resolution to study triplet energy transfer from chlorophylls to carotenoids in a protective process that prevents the formation of reactive singlet oxygen. The light-harvesting complexes studied were isolated from Chromera velia, belonging to a group Alveolata, and Xanthonema debile and Nannochloropsis oceanica, both from Stramenopiles. All three light-harvesting complexes are related to fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein, but contain only chlorophyll a and no chlorophyll c. In addition, they differ in the carotenoid content. This composition of the complexes allowed us to study the quenching of chlorophyll a triplet states by different carotenoids in a comparable environment. The triplet states of chlorophylls bound to the light-harvesting complexes were quenched by carotenoids with an efficiency close to 100%. Carotenoid triplet states were observed to rise with a ~5 ns lifetime and were spectrally and kinetically homogeneous. The triplet states were formed predominantly on the red-most chlorophylls and were quenched by carotenoids which were further identified or at least spectrally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Khoroshyy
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Biological Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Pšenčík
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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18
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Wolf BM, Niedzwiedzki DM, Magdaong NCM, Roth R, Goodenough U, Blankenship RE. Characterization of a newly isolated freshwater Eustigmatophyte alga capable of utilizing far-red light as its sole light source. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:177-189. [PMID: 28547584 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic phototrophs typically utilize visible light (400-700 nm) to drive photosynthesis. However, a large fraction of the energy in sunlight is contained in the far-red region, which encompasses light beyond 700 nm. In nature, certain niche environments contain high levels of this far-red light due to filtering by other phototrophs, and in these environments, organisms with photosynthetic antenna systems adapted to absorbing far-red light are able to thrive. We used selective far-red light conditions to isolate such organisms in environmental samples. One cultured organism, the Eustigmatophyte alga Forest Park Isolate 5 (FP5), is able to absorb far-red light using a chlorophyll (Chl) a-containing antenna complex, and is able to grow under solely far-red light. Here we characterize the antenna system from this organism, which is able to shift the absorption of Chl a to >705 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nikki Cecil M Magdaong
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn Roth
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ursula Goodenough
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Herbstová M, Bína D, Kaňa R, Vácha F, Litvín R. Red-light phenotype in a marine diatom involves a specialized oligomeric red-shifted antenna and altered cell morphology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11976. [PMID: 28931902 PMCID: PMC5607283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms greatly contribute to carbon fixation and thus strongly influence the global biogeochemical balance. Capable of chromatic acclimation (CA) to unfavourable light conditions, diatoms often dominate benthic ecosystems in addition to their planktonic lifestyle. Although CA has been studied at the molecular level, our understanding of this phenomenon remains incomplete. Here we provide new data to better explain the acclimation-associated changes under red-enhanced ambient light (RL) in diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, known to express a red-shifted antenna complex (F710). The complex was found to be an oligomer of a single polypeptide, Lhcf15. The steady-state spectroscopic properties of the oligomer were also studied. The oligomeric assembly of the Lhcf15 subunits is required for the complex to exhibit a red-shifted absorption. The presence of the red antenna in RL culture coincides with the development of a rounded phenotype of the diatom cell. A model summarizing the modulation of the photosynthetic apparatus during the acclimation response to light of different spectral quality is proposed. Our study suggests that toggling between alternative organizations of photosynthetic apparatus and distinct cell morphologies underlies the remarkable acclimation capacity of diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Herbstová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Algatech Centre CAS, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - František Vácha
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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20
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Bína D, Gardian Z, Herbstová M, Litvín R. Modular antenna of photosystem I in secondary plastids of red algal origin: a Nannochloropsis oceanica case study. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:255-266. [PMID: 27734239 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a multi-subunit integral pigment-protein complex that performs light-driven electron transfer from plastocyanin to ferredoxin in the thylakoid membrane of oxygenic photoautotrophs. In order to achieve the optimal photosynthetic performance under ambient irradiance, the absorption cross section of PSI is extended by means of peripheral antenna complexes. In eukaryotes, this role is played mostly by the pigment-protein complexes of the LHC family. The structure of the PSI-antenna supercomplexes has been relatively well understood in organisms harboring the primary plastid: red algae, green algae and plants. The secondary endosymbiotic algae, despite their major ecological importance, have so far received less attention. Here we report a detailed structural analysis of the antenna-PSI association in the stramenopile alga Nannochloropsis oceanica (Eustigmatophyceae). Several types of PSI-antenna assemblies are identified allowing for identification of antenna docking sites on the PSI core. Instances of departure of the stramenopile system from the red algal model of PSI-Lhcr structure are recorded, and evolutionary implications of these observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bína
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Herbstová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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21
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Bína D, Bouda K, Litvín R. A two-component nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching in eustigmatophyte algae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 131:65-77. [PMID: 27485797 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Eustigmatophyte algae represent an interesting model system for the study of the regulation of the excitation energy flow due to their use of violaxanthin both as a major light-harvesting pigment and as the basis of xanthophyll cycle. Fluorescence induction kinetics was studied in an oleaginous marine alga Nannochloropsis oceanica. Nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching was analyzed in detail with respect to the state of the cellular xanthophyll pool. Two components of nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ), both dependent on the presence of zeaxanthin, were clearly resolved, denoted as slow and fast NPQ based on kinetics of their formation. The slow component was shown to be in direct proportion to the amount of zeaxanthin, while the fast NPQ component was transiently induced in the presence of membrane potential on subsecond timescales. The applicability of these observations to other eustigmatophyte species is demonstrated by measurements of other representatives of this algal group, both marine and freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bína
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Bouda
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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22
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Litvín R, Bína D, Herbstová M, Gardian Z. Architecture of the light-harvesting apparatus of the eustigmatophyte alga Nannochloropsis oceanica. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:137-150. [PMID: 26913864 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present proteomic, spectroscopic, and phylogenetic analysis of light-harvesting protein (Lhc) function in oleaginous Nannochloropsis oceanica (Eustigmatophyta, Stramenopila). N. oceanica utilizes Lhcs of multiple classes: Lhcr-type proteins (related to red algae LHCI), Lhcv (VCP) proteins (violaxanthin-containing Lhcs related to Lhcf/FCP proteins of diatoms), Lhcx proteins (related to Lhcx/LhcSR of diatoms and green algae), and Lhc proteins related to Red-CLH of Chromera velia. Altogether, 17 Lhc-type proteins of the 21 known from genomic data were found in our proteomic analyses. Besides Lhcr-type antennas, a RedCAP protein and a member of the Lhcx protein subfamily were found in association with Photosystem I. The free antenna fraction is formed by trimers of a mixture of Lhcs of varied origins (Lhcv, Lhcr, Lhcx, and relatives of Red-CLH). Despite possessing several proteins of the Red-CLH-type Lhc clade, N. oceanica is not capable of chromatic adaptation under the same conditions as the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum or C. velia. In addition, a naming scheme of Nannochloropsis Lhcs is proposed to facilitate further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Litvín
- Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - David Bína
- Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Herbstová
- Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Biology Centre CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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23
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Llansola-Portoles MJ, Uragami C, Pascal AA, Bina D, Litvin R, Robert B. Pigment structure in the FCP-like light-harvesting complex from Chromera velia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1759-1765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Kaňa R, Kotabová E, Kopečná J, Trsková E, Belgio E, Sobotka R, Ruban AV. Violaxanthin inhibits nonphotochemical quenching in light-harvesting antenna of Chromera velia. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1076-85. [PMID: 26988983 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a photoprotective mechanism in light-harvesting antennae. NPQ is triggered by chloroplast thylakoid lumen acidification and is accompanied by violaxanthin de-epoxidation to zeaxanthin, which further stimulates NPQ. In the present study, we show that violaxanthin can act in the opposite direction to zeaxanthin because an increase in the concentration of violaxanthin reduced NPQ in the light-harvesting antennae of Chromera velia. The correlation overlapped with a similar relationship between violaxanthin and NPQ as observed in isolated higher plant light-harvesting complex II. The data suggest that violaxanthin in C. velia can act as an inhibitor of NPQ, indicating that violaxanthin has to be removed from the vicinity of the protein to reach maximal NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopečná
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Trsková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Erica Belgio
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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25
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Oborník M, Lukeš J. The Organellar Genomes of Chromera and Vitrella, the Phototrophic Relatives of Apicomplexan Parasites. Annu Rev Microbiol 2015; 69:129-44. [PMID: 26092225 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apicomplexa are known to contain greatly reduced organellar genomes. Their mitochondrial genome carries only three protein-coding genes, and their plastid genome is reduced to a 35-kb-long circle. The discovery of coral-endosymbiotic algae Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis, which share a common ancestry with Apicomplexa, provided an opportunity to study possibly ancestral forms of organellar genomes, a unique glimpse into the evolutionary history of apicomplexan parasites. The structurally similar mitochondrial genomes of Chromera and Vitrella differ in gene content, which is reflected in the composition of their respiratory chains. Thus, Chromera lacks respiratory complexes I and III, whereas Vitrella and apicomplexan parasites are missing only complex I. Plastid genomes differ substantially between these algae, particularly in structure: The Chromera plastid genome is a linear, 120-kb molecule with large and divergent genes, whereas the plastid genome of Vitrella is a highly compact circle that is only 85 kb long but nonetheless contains more genes than that of Chromera. It appears that organellar genomes have already been reduced in free-living phototrophic ancestors of apicomplexan parasites, and such reduction is not associated with parasitism.
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Herbstová M, Bína D, Koník P, Gardian Z, Vácha F, Litvín R. Molecular basis of chromatic adaptation in pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:534-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Evidence of functional trimeric chlorophyll a/c-peridinin proteins in the dinoflagellate Symbiodinium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1904-1912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mann M, Hoppenz P, Jakob T, Weisheit W, Mittag M, Wilhelm C, Goss R. Unusual features of the high light acclimation of Chromera velia. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2014; 122:159-169. [PMID: 24906888 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-014-0019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the high light (HL) acclimation of Chromera velia (Chromerida) was studied. HL-grown cells exhibited an increased cell volume and dry weight compared to cells grown at medium light (ML). The chlorophyll (Chl) a-specific absorption spectra ([Formula: see text]) of the HL cells showed an increased absorption efficiency over a wavelength range from 400 to 750 nm, possibly due to differences in the packaging of Chl a molecules. In HL cells, the size of the violaxanthin (V) cycle pigment pool was strongly increased. Despite a higher concentration of de-epoxidized V cycle pigments, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the HL cells was slightly reduced compared to ML cells. The analysis of NPQ recovery during low light (LL) after a short illumination with excess light showed a fast NPQ relaxation and zeaxanthin epoxidation. Purification of the pigment-protein complexes demonstrated that the HL-synthesized V was associated with the chromera light-harvesting complex (CLH). However, the difference absorption spectrum of HL minus ML CLH, together with the 77 K fluorescence excitation spectra, suggested that the additional V was not protein bound but localized in a lipid phase associated with the CLH. The polypeptide analysis of the pigment-protein complexes showed that one out of three known LHCr proteins was associated in higher concentration with photosystem I in the HL cells, whereas in ML cells, it was enriched in the CLH fraction. In conclusion, the acclimation of C. velia to HL illumination shows features that are comparable to those of diatoms, while other characteristics more closely resemble those of higher plants and green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mann
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Durchan M, Keşan G, Šlouf V, Fuciman M, Staleva H, Tichý J, Litvín R, Bína D, Vácha F, Polívka T. Highly efficient energy transfer from a carbonyl carotenoid to chlorophyll a in the main light harvesting complex of Chromera velia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1748-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kotabová E, Jarešová J, Kaňa R, Sobotka R, Bína D, Prášil O. Novel type of red-shifted chlorophyll a antenna complex from Chromera velia. I. Physiological relevance and functional connection to photosystems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:734-43. [PMID: 24480388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromera velia is an alveolate alga associated with scleractinian corals. Here we present detailed work on chromatic adaptation in C. velia cultured under either blue or red light. Growth of C. velia under red light induced the accumulation of a light harvesting antenna complex exhibiting unusual spectroscopic properties with red-shifted absorption and atypical 710nm fluorescence emission at room temperature. Due to these characteristic features the complex was designated "Red-shifted Chromera light harvesting complex" (Red-CLH complex). Its detailed biochemical survey is described in the accompanying paper (Bina et al. 2013, this issue). Here, we show that the accumulation of Red-CLH complex under red light represents a slow acclimation process (days) that is reversible with much faster kinetics (hours) under blue light. This chromatic adaptation allows C. velia to maintain all important parameters of photosynthesis constant under both light colors. We further demonstrated that the C. velia Red-CLH complex is assembled from a 17kDa antenna protein and is functionally connected to photosystem II as it shows variability of chlorophyll fluorescence. Red-CLH also serves as an additional locus for non-photochemical quenching. Although overall rates of oxygen evolution and carbon fixation were similar for both blue and red light conditions, the presence of Red-CLH in C. velia cells increases the light harvesting potential of photosystem II, which manifested as a doubled oxygen evolution rate at illumination above 695nm. This data demonstrates a remarkable long-term remodeling of C. velia light-harvesting system according to light quality and suggests physiological significance of 'red' antenna complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Jarešová
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Centrum Algatech, Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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