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Shin YJ, Woo SH, Jeong HM, Kim JS, Ko DS, Jeong DW, Lee JH, Shim JH. Characterization of novel α-galactosidase in glycohydrolase family 97 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and its immobilization for industrial application. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:727-734. [PMID: 32092418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. thetaiotaomicron), which resides in the human intestinal tract, has a number of carbohydrate enzymes, including glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 97. Only a few GH 97 enzymes have been characterized to date. In this study, a novel α-galactosidase (Bt_3294) was cloned from B. thetaiotaomicron, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified using affinity chromatography. This novel enzyme showed optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 7.0. Enzyme activity was reduced by 94.4% and 95.7% in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+ and Fe2+, respectively. It is interesting that Bt_3294 specifically hydrolyzed shorter α-galactosyl oligosaccharides, such as melibiose and raffinose. The D-values of Bt_3294 at 40 °C and 50 °C were about 107 and 6 min, respectively. After immobilization of Bt_3294, the D-values at 40 °C and 50 °C were about 37.6 and 29.7 times higher than those of the free enzyme, respectively. As a practical application, the immobilized Bt_3294 was used to hydrolyze raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soy milk, decreasing the RFOs by 98.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jeong Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hye Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dam-Seul Ko
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Shim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 1, Chuncheon, Gwangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bhatia S, Singh A, Batra N, Singh J. Microbial production and biotechnological applications of α-galactosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 150:1294-1313. [PMID: 31747573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidase, (E.C. 3.2.1.22) is an exoglycosidase that target galactooligosaccharides such as raffinose, melibiose, stachyose and branched polysaccharides like galactomannans and galacto-glucomannans by catalysing the hydrolysis of α-1,6 linked terminal galactose residues. The enzyme has been isolated and characterized from microbial, plant and animal sources. This ubiquitous enzyme possesses physiological significance and immense industrial potential. Optimization of the growth conditions and efficient purification strategies can lead to a significant increase in the enzyme production. To boost commercial productivity, cloning of novel α-galactosidase genes and their heterologous expression in suitable host has gained popularity. Enzyme immobilization leads to its greater reutilization, superior thermostability, pH tolerance and increased activity. The enzyme is well explored in food industry in the removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soymilk and sugar crystallization process. It also improves animal feed quality and biomass processing. Applications of the enzyme is in the area of biomedicine includes therapeutic advances in treatment of Fabry disease, blood group conversion and removal of α-gal type immunogenic epitopes in xenotransplantation. With considerable biotechnological applications, this enzyme has been vastly commercialized and holds greater future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhinashi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, G.G.D.S.D. College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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3
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Gürkök S, Ögel ZB. TRANSGALACTOSYLATION FOR GALACTOOLIGOSACCHARIDE SYNTHESIS USING PURIFIED AND CHARACTERIZED RECOMBINANT α-GALACTOSIDASE FROM Aspergillus fumigatus IMI 385708 OVEREXPRESSED IN Aspergillus sojae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3153/fh19007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Effects of α-galactosidase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activities in weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Khan FI, Bisetty K, Singh S, Permaul K, Hassan MI. Chitinase from Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP and its biotechnological applications. Extremophiles 2016; 19:1055-66. [PMID: 26462798 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are ubiquitous class of extracellular enzymes, which have gained attention in the past few years due to their wide biotechnological applications. The effectiveness of conventional insecticides is increasingly compromised by the occurrence of resistance; thus, chitinase offers a potential alternative to the use of chemical fungicides. The thermostable enzymes from thermophilic microorganisms have numerous industrial, medical, environmental and biotechnological applications due to their high stability for temperature and pH. Thermomyces lanuginosus produced a large number of chitinases, of which chitinase I and II are successfully cloned and purified recently. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the stability of these enzymes are maintained even at higher temperature. In this review article we have focused on chitinases from different sources, mainly fungal chitinase of T. lanuginosus and its industrial application.
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Chen Z, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Li Y. High-level expression of a novel α-galactosidase gene from Rhizomucor miehei in Pichia pastoris and characterization of the recombinant enyzme. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 110:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Abstract
Synapses are the functional connection between neurons which are necessary for the transfer of electric activity or chemical activity from one cell to another. Synapses are formed by the pre- and postsynaptic membrane which communicates between pre- and postneurons while a neurochemical modulator is operated in this process. H2S has been known as a toxic gas with rotten eggs smell. However, increasing number of researches show that it regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes in mammals. Hence, H2S is a physiologically important molecule and has been referred to as the third gaseous molecule alongside carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. The previous era has made an exponential development in the physiological and pathological significance of H2S. Specifically, in the central nervous system, H2S facilitates long-term potentiation and regulates intracellular calcium concentration in brain cells. We as well as others have also shown that H2S has antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties against various neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. In this chapter, we highlight the current knowledge of H2S and its neuroprotective effects with a special emphasis on synaptic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Kamat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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8
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Winger AM, Heazlewood JL, Chan LJG, Petzold CJ, Permaul K, Singh S. Secretome analysis of the thermophilic xylanase hyper-producer Thermomyces lanuginosus SSBP cultivated on corn cobs. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1687-96. [PMID: 25223615 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermomyces lanuginosus is a thermophilic fungus known for its ability to produce industrially important enzymes including large amounts of xylanase, the key enzyme in hemicellulose hydrolysis. The secretome of T. lanuginosus SSBP was profiled by shotgun proteomics to elucidate important enzymes involved in hemicellulose saccharification and to characterise the presence of other industrially interesting enzymes. This study reproducibly identified a total of 74 proteins in the supernatant following growth on corn cobs. An analysis of proteins revealed nine glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes including xylanase GH11, β-xylosidase GH43, β-glucosidase GH3, α-galactosidase GH36 and trehalose hydrolase GH65. Two commercially produced Thermomyces enzymes, lipase and amylase, were also identified. In addition, other industrially relevant enzymes not currently explored in Thermomyces were identified including glutaminase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and cyanate hydratase. Overall, these data provide insight into the novel ability of a cellulase-free fungus to utilise lignocellulosic material, ultimately producing a number of enzymes important to various industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Winger
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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Bayraktar H, Önal S. Concentration and purification of α-galactosidase from watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) by three phase partitioning. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Katrolia P, Rajashekhara E, Yan Q, Jiang Z. Biotechnological potential of microbial α-galactosidases. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:307-17. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.794124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Directed Evolution of Penicillium janczewskii zalesk α-Galactosidase Toward Enhanced Activity and Expression in Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:638-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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A thermostable α-galactosidase from Lenzites elegans (Spreng.) ex Pat. MB445947: purification and properties. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2012; 102:257-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-012-9734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Katrolia P, Jia H, Yan Q, Song S, Jiang Z, Xu H. Characterization of a protease-resistant α-galactosidase from the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor miehei and its application in removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:578-586. [PMID: 22349190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The α-galactosidase gene, RmGal36, from Rhizomucor miehei was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene has an open reading frame of 2256bp encoding 751 amino acid residues. RmGal36 was optimally active at pH 4.5 and 60°C, but is stable between pH 4.5 and 10.0 and at a temperature of up to 55°C for 30min retaining more than 80% of its relative activity. It displayed remarkable resistance to proteases and its activity was not inhibited by galactose concentrations of 100mM. The relative specificity of RmGal36 towards various substrates is in the order of p-nitrophenyl α-galactopyranoside>melibiose>stachyose>raffinose, with a K(m) of 0.36, 16.9, 27.6, and 47.9mM, respectively. The enzyme completely hydrolyzed raffinose and stachyose present in soybeans and kidney beans at 50°C within 60min. These features make RmGal36 useful in the food and feed industries and in processing of beet-sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Katrolia
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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14
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Saad RR, Fawzi EM. Purification and characterization of a thermostable α-galactosidase from Thielavia terrestris NRRL 8126 in solid state fermentation. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63:138-50. [PMID: 22453806 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Several seeds and husks of some plants belonging to leguminosae, Graminae, Compositae and Palmae were evaluated as carbon substrates to produce α-galactosidase (α-Gal) by the thermophilic fungus, Thielavia terrestris NRRL 8126 in solid substrate fermentation. The results showed that Cicer arietinum (chick pea seed) was the best substrate for α-Gal production. The crude enzyme was precipitated by ammonium sulphate (60%) and purified by gel filtration on sephadex G-100 followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose. The final purification fold of the enzyme was 30.42. The temperature and pH optima of purified α-Gal from Thielavia terrestris were 70 °C and 6.5, respectively. The enzyme showed high thermal stability at 70 °C and 75 °C and the half-life of the α-Gal at 90 °C was 45 min. Km of the purified enzyme was 1.31 mM. The purified enzyme was inhibited by Ag2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ at 5 mM and 10 mM. Also, EDTA, sodium arsenate, L-cysteine and iodoacetate inhibited the enzyme activity. On the other hand, Ca2+, Cu2+, K+ and Na+ slightly enhanced the enzyme activity at 5 mM while at 10 mM they caused inhibition. The molecular weight of the α-Gal was estimated to be 82 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme displays a number of biochemical properties that make it a potentially strong candidate for biotechnological and medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawia R Saad
- Biological & Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Roxy, Cairo Egypt
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15
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Purification of α-galactosidase from pepino (Solanum muricatum) by three-phase partitioning. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2011.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Ferreira JG, Reis AP, Guimarães VM, Falkoski DL, Fialho LDS, de Rezende ST. Purification and characterization of Aspergillus terreus α-galactosidases and their use for hydrolysis of soymilk oligosaccharides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 164:1111-25. [PMID: 21331589 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
α-Galactosidases has the potential to hydrolyze α-1-6 linkages in raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO). Aspergillus terreus cells cultivated on wheat bran produced three extracellular forms of α-galactosidases (E1, E2, and E3). E1 and E2 α-galactosidases presented maximal activities at pH 5, while E3 α-galactosidase was more active at pH 5.5. The E1 and E2 enzymes showed stability for 6 h at pH 4-7. Maximal activities were determined at 60, 55, and 50 °C, for E1, E2, and E3 α-galactosidase, respectively. E2 α-galactosidase retained 90% of its initial activity after 70 h at 50 °C. The enzymes hydrolyzed ρNPGal, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, and E1 and E2 enzymes were able to hydrolyze guar gum and locust bean gum substrates. E1 and E3 α-galactosidases were completely inhibited by Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, and Cu²⁺. The treatment of RFO present in soy milk with the enzymes showed that E1 α-galactosidase reduced the stachyose content to zero after 12 h of reaction, while E2 promoted total hydrolysis of raffinose. The complete removal of the oligosaccharides in soy milk could be reached by synergistic action of both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gasperazzo Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36.570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Capaldo A, Walker M, Ford C, Jiranek V. β-Glucoside metabolism in Oenococcus oeni: Cloning and characterization of the phospho-β-glucosidase CelD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Cloning and functional expression of α-galactosidase cDNA from Penicillium janczewskii zaleski. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Fernández-Leiro R, Pereira-Rodríguez Á, Cerdán ME, Becerra M, Sanz-Aparicio J. Structural analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-galactosidase and its complexes with natural substrates reveals new insights into substrate specificity of GH27 glycosidases. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:28020-33. [PMID: 20592022 PMCID: PMC2934667 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.144584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-galactosidases catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal alpha-1,6-galactosyl units from galacto-oligosaccharides and polymeric galactomannans. The crystal structures of tetrameric Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-galactosidase and its complexes with the substrates melibiose and raffinose have been determined to 1.95, 2.40, and 2.70 A resolution. The monomer folds into a catalytic (alpha/beta)(8) barrel and a C-terminal beta-sandwich domain with unassigned function. This pattern is conserved with other family 27 glycosidases, but this enzyme presents a unique 45-residue insertion in the beta-sandwich domain that folds over the barrel protecting it from the solvent and likely explaining its high stability. The structure of the complexes and the mutational analysis show that oligomerization is a key factor in substrate binding, as the substrates are located in a deep cavity making direct interactions with the adjacent subunit. Furthermore, docking analysis suggests that the supplementary domain could be involved in binding sugar units distal from the scissile bond, therefore ascribing a role in fine-tuning substrate specificity to this domain. It may also have a role in promoting association with the polymeric substrate because of the ordered arrangement that the four domains present in one face of the tetramer. Our analysis extends to other family 27 glycosidases, where some traits regarding specificity and oligomerization can be formulated on the basis of their sequence and the structures available. These results improve our knowledge on the activity of this important family of enzymes and give a deeper insight into the structural features that rule modularity and protein-carbohydrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernández-Leiro
- From the Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n 15071-A Coruña and
- the Grupo de Cristalografía Macromolecular y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Pereira-Rodríguez
- From the Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n 15071-A Coruña and
| | - M. Esperanza Cerdán
- From the Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n 15071-A Coruña and
| | - Manuel Becerra
- From the Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, s/n 15071-A Coruña and
| | - Juliana Sanz-Aparicio
- the Grupo de Cristalografía Macromolecular y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano,” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Svastits-Dücső L, Nguyen QD, Lefler DD, Rezessy-Szabó JM. Effects of galactomannan as carbon source on production of α-galactosidase by Thermomyces lanuginosus: Fermentation, purification and partial characterisation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Hunter AC, Watts KR, Dedi C, Dodd HT. An unusual ring--a opening and other reactions in steroid transformation by the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 116:171-7. [PMID: 19482085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of steroids (progesterone, testosterone acetate, 17beta-acetoxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, testosterone and androst-4-en-3,17-dione) have been incubated with the thermophilic ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila CBS 117.65. A wide range of biocatalytic activity was observed with modification at all four rings of the steroid nucleus and the C-17beta side-chain. This is the first thermophilic fungus to demonstrate the side-chain cleavage of progesterone. A unique fungal transformation was observed following incubation of the saturated steroid 17beta-acetoxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one resulting in 4-hydroxy-3,4-seco-pregn-20-one-3-oic acid which was the product generated following the opening of an A-homo steroid, presumably by lactonohydrolase activity. Hydroxylation predominated at axial protons of the steroids containing 3-one-4-ene ring-functionality. This organism also demonstrated reversible acetylation and oxidation of the 17beta-alcohol of testosterone. All steroidal metabolites were isolated by column chromatography and were identified by (1)H, (13)C NMR, DEPT analysis and other spectroscopic data. The range of steroidal modification achieved with this fungus indicates that these organisms may be a rich source of novel steroid biocatalysis which deserve greater investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christy Hunter
- Molecular Targeting and Polymer Toxicology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Brighton, East Sussex BN2 4GJ, UK.
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22
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A novel protease-resistant α-galactosidase with high hydrolytic activity from Gibberella sp. F75: gene cloning, expression, and enzymatic characterization. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 83:875-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Biochemical and hydrolytic properties of multiple thermostable α-galactosidases from Streptomyces griseoloalbus: Obvious existence of a novel galactose-tolerant enzyme. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Viana PA, de Rezende ST, Passos FML, Oliveira JS, Teixeira KN, Santos AMC, Bemquerer MP, Rosa JC, Santoro MM, Guimarães VM. Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-1 Intracellular α-Galactosidase Characterization and Comparative Studies with the Extracellular Enzyme. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2515-22. [PMID: 19226141 DOI: 10.1021/jf8030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanna A. Viana
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião T. de Rezende
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Lopes Passos
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jamil S. Oliveira
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kádima N. Teixeira
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. C. Santos
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P. Bemquerer
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - José C. Rosa
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Santoro
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria M. Guimarães
- BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, Brasília, DF, Brazil, and Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Purification and application of α-galactosidase from germinating coffee beans (Coffea arabica). Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Purification and Characterization of Thermostable α-Galactosidase from Aspergillus terreus GR. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 152:275-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hunter AC, Mills PW, Dedi C, Dodd HT. Predominant allylic hydroxylation at carbons 6 and 7 of 4 and 5-ene functionalized steroids by the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor tauricus IMI23312. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 108:155-63. [PMID: 17981459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates for the first time transformation of a series of steroids (progesterone, androst-4-en-3,17-dione, testosterone, pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone) by the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor tauricus. All transformations were found to be oxidative (monohydroxylation and dihydroxylation) with allylic hydroxylation the predominant route of attack functionalizing the steroidal skeleta. Timed experiments demonstrated that dihydroxylation of progesterone, androst-4-en-3,17-dione and pregnenolone all initiated with hydroxylation on ring-B followed by attack on ring-C. Similar patterns of steroidal transformation to those observed with R. tauricus have been observed with some species of thermophilic Bacilli and mesophilic fungi. All metabolites were isolated by column chromatography and were identified by (1)H, (13)C NMR, DEPT analysis and other spectroscopic data. The application of thermophilic fungi to steroid transformation may represent a potentially rich source for the generation of new steroidal compounds as well as for uncovering inter and intraspecies similarities and differences in steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christy Hunter
- Molecular Targeting and Polymer Toxicology Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton, East Sussex, UK.
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