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Sufleţel RT, Melincovici CS, Gheban BA, Toader Z, Mihu CM. Hepatic stellate cells - from past till present: morphology, human markers, human cell lines, behavior in normal and liver pathology. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:615-642. [PMID: 33817704 PMCID: PMC8112759 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC), initially analyzed by von Kupffer, in 1876, revealed to be an extraordinary mesenchymal cell, essential for both hepatocellular function and lesions, being the hallmark of hepatic fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis. Apart from their implications in hepatic injury, HSCs play a vital role in liver development and regeneration, xenobiotic response, intermediate metabolism, and regulation of immune response. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding HSCs morphology, human HSCs markers and human HSC cell lines. We also summarize the latest findings concerning their roles in normal and liver pathology, focusing on their impact in fibrogenesis, chronic viral hepatitis and liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Teodora Sufleţel
- Discipline of Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Modulating the Crosstalk between the Tumor and Its Microenvironment Using RNA Interference: A Treatment Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155250. [PMID: 32722054 PMCID: PMC7432232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy with one of the highest mortality rates among solid cancers. It develops almost exclusively in the background of chronic liver inflammation, which can be caused by viral hepatitis, chronic alcohol consumption or an unhealthy diet. Chronic inflammation deregulates the innate and adaptive immune responses that contribute to the proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells. The continuous communication between the tumor and its microenvironment components serves as the overriding force of the tumor against the body's defenses. The importance of this crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis has been shown, and therapeutic strategies modulating this communication have improved the outcomes of patients with liver cancer. To target this communication, an RNA interference (RNAi)-based approach can be used, an innovative and promising strategy that can disrupt the crosstalk at the transcriptomic level. Moreover, RNAi offers the advantage of specificity in comparison to the treatments currently used for HCC in clinics. In this review, we will provide the recent data pertaining to the modulation of a tumor and its microenvironment by using RNAi and its potential for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
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Novikova MV, Khromova NV, Kopnin PB. Components of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microenvironment and Their Role in Tumor Progression. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:861-873. [PMID: 28941454 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917080016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recently published data on the mechanisms of tumor cell interaction with the tumor microenvironment. Tumor stroma influences the processes of hepatocarcinogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment includes both cellular and noncellular components. Main cellular components of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stroma are tumor-associated fibroblasts, hepatic stellate cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells that produce extracellular components of tumor microenvironment such as extracellular matrix, various proteins, proteolytic enzymes, growth factors, and cytokines. The noncellular components of the stroma modulate signaling pathways in tumor cells and stimulate invasion and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment composition and organization can serve as prognostic factors in HCC pathogenesis. Current approaches in HCC targeted therapy are aimed at creating efficient strategies for interrupting tumor interactions with the stroma. Recent data on the composition and role of the microenvironment in HCC pathogenesis, as well as new developments in antitumor drug design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Novikova
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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The opposing roles of laminin-binding integrins in cancer. Matrix Biol 2017; 57-58:213-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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hTERT mediates gastric cancer metastasis partially through the indirect targeting of ITGB1 by microRNA-29a. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21955. [PMID: 26903137 PMCID: PMC4763288 DOI: 10.1038/srep21955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) plays a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis, but the mechanism of its involvement in these processes is not clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of hTERT in the promotion of gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. We found that the up-regulation of hTERT in gastric cancer cells could inhibit the expression of miR-29a and enhance the expression of Integrin β1 (ITGB1). In addition, the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells was also highly increased after hTERT overexpression. Our study also found that the restoration of miR-29a suppressed the expression of ITGB1 and inhibited GC cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggested that hTERT may promote GC metastasis through the hTERT-miR-29a-ITGB1 regulatory pathway.
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Oku T, Ando Y, Ogura M, Tsuji T. Development of Splice Variant-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human α3 Integrin. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2016; 35:12-7. [PMID: 26788840 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2015.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are a major family of adhesion molecules, consisting of heterodimers (α and β subunits). Several reports have suggested the presence of splice variants in the cytoplasmic domain of certain integrin subunits. In the present study, we detected mRNA of integrin α3 splice variants (α3A and α3B) by RT-PCR using total RNA from the human brain as a template. The α3B variant lacks the sequence coded by exon 25 and appears to be generated by alternative splicing. We established mouse hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (both of which are of IgG1 class) specific for each variant. Each antibody exhibited specific reactivity towards the corresponding integrin α3 variant in Western blotting and immunoprecipitation experiments, suggesting it to be a useful tool for detection of the respective integrin variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Oku
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ando
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Ogura
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tsuji
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokyo, Japan
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Thompson AI, Conroy KP, Henderson NC. Hepatic stellate cells: central modulators of hepatic carcinogenesis. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:63. [PMID: 26013123 PMCID: PMC4445994 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and is increasing in incidence. Currently, our therapeutic repertoire for the treatment of HCC is severely limited, and therefore effective new therapies are urgently required. Recently, there has been increasing interest focusing on the cellular and molecular interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment. HCC represents a unique opportunity to study the relationship between a diseased stroma and promotion of carcinogenesis, as 90 % of HCCs arise in a cirrhotic liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the major source of extracellular proteins during fibrogenesis, and may directly, or via secreted products, contribute to tumour initiation and progression. In this review we explore the complex cellular and molecular interplay between HSC biology and hepatocarcinogenesis. We focus on the molecular mechanisms by which HSC modulate HCC growth, immune cell evasion and angiogenesis. This is followed by a discussion of recent progress in the field in understanding the mechanistic crosstalk between HSC and HCC, and the pathways that are potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, we summarise the exciting recent developments in strategies to target HSC specifically, and novel techniques to deliver pharmaceutical agents directly to HSC, potentially allowing tailored, cell-specific therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Thompson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Kylie P Conroy
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Neil C Henderson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK.
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Xiang L, Chi T, Tang Q, Yang X, Ou M, Chen X, Yu X, Chen J, Ho RJ, Shao J, Jia L. A pentacyclic triterpene natural product, ursolic acid and its prodrug US597 inhibit targets within cell adhesion pathway and prevent cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9295-312. [PMID: 25823660 PMCID: PMC4496218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we showed that ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene natural product, and its novel prodrug derivative US597 suppressed cancer cells adhesion, invasion and migration. This effect was accompanied by inhibition of focal adhesion signaling pathway including alterations in ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, integrin α6β1, FAK, Src, paxillin and PTEN. While oral administration of UA or US597 increases survival rate of melanoma lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice, US597 treatment extend the survival rate above that of UA. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that US597 treatment regulates ICAM-1, a biomarker of metastasis. We did not detect side effects with US597 in mice such as weight loss, viscera tissues toxicity and blood cell abnormalities. Thus, UA and US597 are potential drug candidates for preventing cancer metastasis. Molecular and cellular study data suggest that UA and US597 modulate expression of cell adhesion molecules within focal adhesion signaling pathway leading to cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xiang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ting Chi
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiao Tang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Minrui Ou
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Rodney J.Y. Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Zha R, Guo W, Zhang Z, Qiu Z, Wang Q, Ding J, Huang S, Chen T, Gu J, Yao M, He X. Genome-wide screening identified that miR-134 acts as a metastasis suppressor by targeting integrin β1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87665. [PMID: 24498348 PMCID: PMC3912066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in human cancer development and progression, such as tumor metastasis. Here, we identified the miRNAs that regulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell migration by a high-throughput screening method using the classical wound-healing assay with time-lapse video microscopy and validation with a transwell migration assay. Eleven miRNAs (miR-134, -146b-3p, -188-3p, -525-3p, -661, -767-5p, -891a, -891b, -1244, -1247 and miR-1471) were found to promote or inhibit HCC cell migration. Further investigation revealed that miR-134 suppressed the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, and integrin beta 1 (ITGB1) was a direct and functional target gene of miR-134. Moreover, miR-134 inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the activation of RhoA downstream of the ITGB1 pathway, thereby decreasing stress fiber formation and cell adhesion in HCC cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-134 is a novel metastasis suppressor in HCC and could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Zha
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoping Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qi Dong Liver Cancer Institute, Qi Dong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Background: Glioma stem-like cell (GSC) properties are responsible for gliomagenesis and recurrence. GSCs are invasive but its mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we attempted to identify the molecules that promote invasion in GSCs. Methods: Neurospheres and CD133+ cells were collected from glioblastoma (GBM) specimens and glioma cell lines by sphere-formation method and magnetic affinity cell sorting, respectively. Differential expression of gene candidates, its role in invasion and its signaling pathway were evaluated in glioma cell lines. Results: Neurospheres from surgical specimens attached to fibronectin and laminin, the receptors of which belong to the integrin family. Integrin α3 was overexpressed in CD133+ cells compared with CD133− cells in all the glioma cell lines (4 out of 4). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the localisation of integrin α3 in GBM cells, including invading cells, and in the tumour cells around the vessels, which is believed to be a stem cell niche. The expression of integrin α3 was correlated with migration and invasion. The invasion activity of glioma cells was linked to the phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Conclusion: Our results suggest that integrin α3 contributes to the invasive nature of GSCs via ERK1/2, which renders integrin α3 a prime candidate for anti-invasion therapy for GBM.
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Arch Toxicol 2012; 87:227-47. [PMID: 23007558 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor that accounts for ~80 % of all liver cancer cases worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease caused by a variety of risk factors and often develops in the background of underlying cirrhosis. A number of cellular phenomena, such as tumor microenvironment, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia act in concert with various molecular events to facilitate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. The emergence of microRNAs and molecular-targeted therapies adds a new dimension in our efforts to combat this deadly disease. Intense research in this multitude of areas has led to significant progress in our understanding of cellular processes and molecular mechanisms that occur during multistage events that lead to hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of HCC, focusing mainly on advances that have occurred during the past 5 years and on the development of novel therapeutics for liver cancer.
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Status and Development of The Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wu DC, Li S, Yang DQ, Cui YY. Effects of Pinus massoniana bark extract on the adhesion and migration capabilities of HeLa cells. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:1202-5. [PMID: 21888955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Espelt MV, Croci DO, Bacigalupo ML, Carabias P, Manzi M, Elola MT, Muñoz MC, Dominici FP, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Rabinovich GA, Troncoso MF. Novel roles of galectin-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion, polarization, and in vivo tumor growth. Hepatology 2011; 53:2097-106. [PMID: 21391228 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a widely expressed β-galactoside-binding protein, exerts pleiotropic biological functions. Gal-1 is up-regulated in hepatocarcinoma cells, although its role in liver pathophysiology remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of Gal-1 on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell adhesion and polarization. Soluble and immobilized recombinant Gal-1 (rGal-1) promoted HepG2 cell adhesion to uncoated plates and also increased adhesion to laminin. Antibody-mediated blockade experiments revealed the involvement of different integrins as critical mediators of these biological effects. In addition, exposure to rGal-1 markedly accelerated the development of apical bile canaliculi as shown by TRITC-phalloidin labeling and immunostaining for multidrug resistance associated-protein 2 (MRP2). Notably, rGal-1 did not interfere with multidrug resistance protein 1/P-glycoprotein or MRP2 apical localization, neither with transfer nor secretion of 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate through MRP2. Stimulation of cell adhesion and polarization by rGal-1 was abrogated in the presence of thiodigalactoside, a galectin-specific sugar, suggesting the involvement of protein-carbohydrate interactions in these effects. Additionally, Gal-1 effects were abrogated in the presence of wortmmanin, PD98059 or H89, suggesting involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase signaling pathways in these functions. Finally, expression levels of this endogenous lectin correlated with HCC cell adhesion and polarization and up-regulation of Gal-1-favored growth of hepatocarcinoma in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results provide the first evidence of a role of Gal-1 in modulating HCC cell adhesion, polarization, and in vivo tumor growth, with critical implications in liver pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Espelt
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhao G, Cui J, Qin Q, Zhang J, Liu L, Deng S, Wu C, Yang M, Li S, Wang C. Mechanical stiffness of liver tissues in relation to integrin β1 expression may influence the development of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2010; 102:482-9. [PMID: 20872952 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increased rigidity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to quantitate the mechanical stiffness of various hepatic tissues, evaluate integrin β1 expression, and investigate the correlation between these two factors in the development of HCC. METHODS Twenty-three normal specimens, 152 cases of cirrhosis, and 105 cases of HCC were included in this study. The mechanical stiffness of the ECM of each specimen was detected using atomic force microscopy to calculate elastic modulus (E) values. Integrin β1 expression was also evaluated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Expression of integrin β1 in HepG2 cells plated on substrates with different mechanical stiffnesses was also evaluated. RESULTS A positive correlation between ECM mechanical stiffness and integrin β1 expression was detected. Expression of integrin β1 also correlated with Edmondson pathologic grade, encapsulation, metastasis, and HBV infection (P < 0.01). In vitro, expression of integrin β1 by HepG2 cells was also significantly higher when the cells were plated on stiffer substrates. CONCLUSIONS Expression of integrin β1 is regulated by the mechanical stiffness of the ECM, and correlates with the invasion and metastasis events of HCC in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Pancreatic Surgical Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang JD, Nakamura I, Roberts LR. The tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 21:35-43. [PMID: 20946957 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature highlights the cross-talk between tumor cells and the surrounding peri-tumoral stroma as a key modulator of the processes of hepatocarcinogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor invasion and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment can be broadly classified into cellular and non-cellular components. The major cellular components include hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, immune, and endothelial cells. These cell types produce the non-cellular components of the tumor stroma, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, proteolytic enzymes, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. The non-cellular component of the tumor stroma modulates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biology by effects on cancer signaling pathways in tumor cells and on tumor invasion and metastasis. Global gene expression profiling of HCC has revealed that the tumor microenvironment is an important component in the biologic and prognostic classification of HCC. There are substantial efforts underway to develop novel drugs targeting tumor-stromal interactions. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the role of the tumor microenvironment in pathogenesis of HCC, the role of the tumor microenvironment in the classification of HCC and efforts to develop treatments targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Dong Yang
- Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
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Saito Y, Sekine W, Sano R, Komatsu S, Mizuno H, Katabami K, Shimada K, Oku T, Tsuji T. Potentiation of cell invasion and matrix metalloproteinase production by alpha3beta1 integrin-mediated adhesion of gastric carcinoma cells to laminin-5. Clin Exp Metastasis 2010; 27:197-205. [PMID: 20352300 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-010-9314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the adhesion of gastric carcinoma cells to the peritoneum mediated by the alpha3beta1 integrin-laminin interaction is a key step in the initial process of peritoneal metastatic dissemination. Carcinoma cells subsequently invade through the intercellular gaps of mesothelial linings. In this study, we examined the role of the interaction of carcinoma cells with laminin-5, which is a major component of submesothelial basement membranes and serves as a high-affinity ligand for alpha3beta1 integrin, in carcinoma cell invasion. Human gastric carcinoma cell lines (MKN1, GT3TKB, and NUGC-4) adhered in an alpha3beta1 integrin-dependent manner to the extracellular matrix deposited by peritoneal mesothelial cells. An in vitro invasion assay using the Boyden chamber system revealed that MKN1 cell migration through the membranes increased when the membranes were coated with matrices produced by mesothelial cells or with laminin-5-containing Matrigel as compared to Matrigel alone. The cell migration promoted by laminin-5-containing Matrigel was inhibited by the presence of anti-alpha3 integrin antibody. When MKN1 cells were cultured in a laminin-5-coated plate, these cells were promoted to produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, as assessed by gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that the production of MMP-9 by MKN1 cells was potentiated by the alpha3beta1 integrin-laminin-5 interaction, which facilitated their invasion via degradation of the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Bordeleau F, Galarneau L, Gilbert S, Loranger A, Marceau N. Keratin 8/18 modulation of protein kinase C-mediated integrin-dependent adhesion and migration of liver epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:1698-713. [PMID: 20357007 PMCID: PMC2869376 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e09-05-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte and hepatoma cell IFs are made solely of keratins 8/18 (K8/K18). Cell adhesion and migration involve integrin interactions with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and protein kinase C (PKC). Here we report a new regulatory function for K8/K18 IFs in the PKC-mediated integrin/FAK-dependent adhesion and migration of simple epithelial cells. Keratins are intermediate filament (IF) proteins of epithelial cells, expressed as pairs in a lineage/differentiation manner. Hepatocyte and hepatoma cell IFs are made solely of keratins 8/18 (K8/K18), the hallmark of all simple epithelia. Cell attachment/spreading (adhesion) and migration involve the formation of focal adhesions at sites of integrin interactions with extracellular matrix, actin adaptors such as talin and vinculin, and signaling molecules such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and member(s) of the protein kinase C (PKC) family. Here, we identify the novel PKCδ as mediator of the K8/K18 modulation of hepatoma cell adhesion and migration. We also demonstrate a K8/K18-dependent relationship between PKCδ and FAK activation through an integrin/FAK-positive feedback loop, in correlation with a reduced FAK time residency at focal adhesions. Notably, a K8/K18 loss results to a time course modulation of the receptor of activated C-kinase-1, β1-integrin, plectin, PKC, and c-Src complex formation. Although the K8/K18 modulation of hepatocyte adhesion also occurs through a PKC mediation, these differentiated epithelial cells exhibit minimal migrating ability, in link with marked differences in protein partner content and distribution. Together, these results uncover a key regulatory function for K8/K18 IFs in the PKC-mediated integrin/FAK-dependent adhesion and migration of simple epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bordeleau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie and Département de Médecine de l'Université Laval, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Bartel DP, Nakamura I, Roberts LR, Scimè A, Rudnicki MA. MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 2009. [PMID: 23403079 DOI: 10.1016/j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous approximately 23 nt RNAs that play important gene-regulatory roles in animals and plants by pairing to the mRNAs of protein-coding genes to direct their posttranscriptional repression. This review outlines the current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals and discusses the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Bartel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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