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Sahni A, Ritchey JL, Qian Z, Pei D. Cell-Penetrating Peptides Translocate across the Plasma Membrane by Inducing Vesicle Budding and Collapse. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25371-25382. [PMID: 39221867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) enter the cell by two different mechanisms-endocytosis followed by endosomal escape and direct translocation at the plasma membrane. The mechanism of direct translocation remains unresolved. In this work, the direct translocation of nonaarginine (R9) and two cyclic CPPs (CPP12 and CPP17) into Jurkat cells was monitored by time-lapse confocal microscopy. Our results provide direct evidence that all three CPPs translocate across the plasma membrane by a recently discovered vesicle budding-and-collapse (VBC) mechanism. Membrane translocation is preceded by the formation of nucleation zones. Up to four different types of nucleation zones and three variations of the VBC mechanism were observed. The VBC mechanism reconciles the enigmatic and conflicting observations in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashweta Sahni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy L Ritchey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ziqing Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Lopuszynski J, Wang J, Zahid M. Beyond Transduction: Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cell Penetrating Peptides. Molecules 2024; 29:4088. [PMID: 39274936 PMCID: PMC11397606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the bottlenecks to bringing new therapies to the clinic has been a lack of vectors for delivering novel therapeutics in a targeted manner. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have received a lot of attention and have been the subject of numerous developments since their identification nearly three decades ago. Known for their transduction abilities, they have generally been considered inert vectors. In this review, we present a schema for their classification, highlight what is known about their mechanism of transduction, and outline the existing literature as well as our own experience, vis a vis the intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties that certain CPPs exhibit. Given the inflammatory responses associated with viral vectors, CPPs represent a viable alternative to such vectors; furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of CPPs, mostly through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway, are encouraging. Much more work in relevant animal models, toxicity studies in large animal models, and ultimately human trials are needed before their potential is fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lopuszynski
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guggenheim Gu 9-01B, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guggenheim Gu 9-01B, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maliha Zahid
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Guggenheim Gu 9-01B, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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3
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Gori A, Lodigiani G, Colombarolli SG, Bergamaschi G, Vitali A. Cell Penetrating Peptides: Classification, Mechanisms, Methods of Study, and Applications. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300236. [PMID: 37389978 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) encompass a class of peptides that possess the remarkable ability to cross cell membranes and deliver various types of cargoes, including drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins, into cells. For this reason, CPPs are largely investigated in drug delivery applications in the context of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and genetic disorders. While sharing this functionality and some common structural features, such as a high content of positively charged amino acids, CPPs represent an extremely diverse group of elements, which can differentiate under many aspects. In this review, we summarize the most common characteristics of CPPs, introduce their main distinctive features, mechanistic aspects that drive their function, and outline the most widely used techniques for their structural and functional studies. We highlight current gaps and future perspectives in this field, which have the potential to significantly impact the future field of drug delivery and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gori
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Stella G Colombarolli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- SCITEC - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", National Research Council of Italy, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
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4
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Kong B, Kim Y, Kim EH, Suk JS, Yang Y. mRNA: A promising platform for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114993. [PMID: 37414361 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is now in the limelight as a powerful tool for treating various human diseases, especially malignant tumors, thanks to the remarkable clinical outcomes of mRNA vaccines using lipid nanoparticle technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent promising preclinical and clinical results that epitomize the advancement in mRNA and nanoformulation-based delivery technologies have highlighted the tremendous potential of mRNA in cancer immunotherapy. mRNAs can be harnessed for cancer immunotherapy in forms of various therapeutic modalities, including cancer vaccines, adoptive T-cell therapies, therapeutic antibodies, and immunomodulatory proteins. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and prospects of mRNA-based therapeutics, including numerous delivery and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjae Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yelee Kim
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Birch D, Sayers EJ, Christensen MV, Jones AT, Franzyk H, Nielsen HM. Stereoisomer-Dependent Membrane Association and Capacity for Insulin Delivery Facilitated by Penetratin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1672. [PMID: 37376119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as penetratin, are often investigated as drug delivery vectors and incorporating d-amino acids, rather than the natural l-forms, to enhance proteolytic stability could improve their delivery efficiency. The present study aimed to compare membrane association, cellular uptake, and delivery capacity for all-l and all-d enantiomers of penetratin (PEN) by using different cell models and cargos. The enantiomers displayed widely different distribution patterns in the examined cell models, and in Caco-2 cells, quenchable membrane binding was evident for d-PEN in addition to vesicular intracellular localization for both enantiomers. The uptake of insulin in Caco-2 cells was equally mediated by the two enantiomers, and while l-PEN did not increase the transepithelial permeation of any of the investigated cargo peptides, d-PEN increased the transepithelial delivery of vancomycin five-fold and approximately four-fold for insulin at an extracellular apical pH of 6.5. Overall, while d-PEN was associated with the plasma membrane to a larger extent and was superior in mediating the transepithelial delivery of hydrophilic peptide cargoes compared to l-PEN across Caco-2 epithelium, no enhanced delivery of the hydrophobic cyclosporin was observed, and intracellular insulin uptake was induced to a similar degree by the two enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditlev Birch
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edward J Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Malene V Christensen
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bangera PD, Kara DD, Tanvi K, Tippavajhala VK, Rathnanand M. Highlights on Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticle: Overview and Therapeutic Applications for Targeted Anticancer Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:124. [PMID: 37225901 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLHNs) have been widely used as a vehicle for carrying anticancer owing to its unique framework of polymer and lipid combining and giving the maximum advantages over the lipid and polymer nanoparticle drug delivery system. Surface modification of PLHNs aids in improved targeting and active delivery of the encapsulated drug. Therefore, surface modification of the PLHNs with the cell-penetrating peptide is explored by many researchers and is explained in this review. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are made up of few amino acid sequence and act by disrupting the cell membrane and transferring the cargos into the cell. Ideally, we can say that CPPs are peptide chains which are cell specific and are biocompatible, noninvasive type of delivery vehicle which can transport siRNA, protein, peptides, macromolecules, pDNA, etc. into the cell effectively. Therefore, this review focuses on the structure, type, and method of preparation of PLHNs also about the uptake mechanism of CPPs and concludes with the therapeutic application of PLHNs surface modified with the CPPs and their theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Devanand Bangera
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Dhatri Kara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Katikala Tanvi
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vamshi Krishna Tippavajhala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Mahalaxmi Rathnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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7
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Rational design of magnetoliposomes for enhanced interaction with bacterial membrane models. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184115. [PMID: 36603803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing need for alternatives to target and treat bacterial infection. Thus, the present work aims to develop and optimize the production of PEGylated magnetoliposomes (MLPs@PEG), by encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) within fusogenic liposomes. A Box-Behnken design was applied to modulate size distribution variables, using lipid concentration, SPIONs amount and ultrasonication time as independent variables. As a result of the optimization, it was possible to obtain MLPs@PEG with a mean size of 182 nm, with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.19, and SPIONs encapsulation efficiency (%EE) around 76%. Cytocompatibility assays showed that no toxicity was observed in fibroblasts, for iron concentrations up to 400μg/ml. Also, for safe lipid and iron concentrations, no hemolytic effect was detected. The fusogenicity of the nanosystems was first evaluated through lipid mixing assays, based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), using liposomal membrane models, mimicking bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and eukaryotic plasma membrane. It was shown that the hybrid nanosystems preferentially interact with the bacterial membrane model. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence lifetime measurements, using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), validated these results. Overall, the developed hybrid nanosystem may represent an efficient drug delivery system with improved targetability for bacterial membrane.
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8
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Tryptophan, more than just an interfacial amino acid in the membrane activity of cationic cell-penetrating and antimicrobial peptides. Q Rev Biophys 2022; 55:e10. [PMID: 35979810 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583522000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trp is unique among the amino acids since it is involved in many different types of noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic and hydrophobic ones, but also in π-π, π-cation, π-anion and π-ion pair interactions. In membranotropic peptides and proteins, Trp locates preferentially at the water-membrane interface. In antimicrobial or cell-penetrating peptides (AMPs and CPPs respectively), Trp is well-known for its strong role in the capacity of these peptides to interact and affect the membrane organisation of both bacteria and animal cells at the level of the lipid bilayer. This essential amino acid can however be involved in other types of interactions, not only with lipids, but also with other membrane partners, that are crucial to understand the functional roles of membranotropic peptides. This review is focused on this latter less known role of Trp and describes in details, both in qualitative and quantitative ways: (i) the physico-chemical properties of Trp; (ii) its effect in CPP internalisation; (iii) its importance in AMP activity; (iv) its role in the interaction of AMPs with glycoconjugates or lipids in bacteria membranes and the consequences on the activity of the peptides; (v) its role in the interaction of CPPs with negatively charged polysaccharides or lipids of animal membranes and the consequences on the activity of the peptides. We intend to bring highlights of the physico-chemical properties of Trp and describe its extensive possibilities of interactions, not only at the well-known level of the lipid bilayer, but with other less considered cell membrane components, such as carbohydrates and the extracellular matrix. The focus on these interactions will allow the reader to reevaluate reported studies. Altogether, our review gathers dedicated studies to show how unique are Trp properties, which should be taken into account to design future membranotropic peptides with expected antimicrobial or cell-penetrating activity.
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Bose D, Roy L, Chatterjee S. Peptide therapeutics in the management of metastatic cancers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21353-21373. [PMID: 35975072 PMCID: PMC9345020 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading health concern threatening lives of millions of patients worldwide. Peptide-based drugs provide a valuable alternative to chemotherapeutics as they are highly specific, cheap, less toxic and easier to synthesize compared to other drugs. In this review, we have discussed various modes in which peptides are being used to curb cancer. Our review highlights specially the various anti-metastatic peptide-based agents developed by targeting a plethora of cellular factors. Herein we have given a special focus on integrins as targets for peptide drugs, as these molecules play key roles in metastatic progression. The review also discusses use of peptides as anti-cancer vaccines and their efficiency as drug-delivery tools. We hope this work will give the reader a clear idea of the mechanisms of peptide-based anti-cancer therapeutics and encourage the development of superior drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Bose
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute Unified Academic Campus EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar Kolkata 700091 WB India
| | - Laboni Roy
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute Unified Academic Campus EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar Kolkata 700091 WB India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute Unified Academic Campus EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar Kolkata 700091 WB India
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Kim Y, Kim H, Kim EH, Jang H, Jang Y, Chi SG, Yang Y, Kim SH. The Potential of Cell-Penetrating Peptides for mRNA Delivery to Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061271. [PMID: 35745843 PMCID: PMC9227323 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro transcribed mRNA for the synthesis of any given protein has shown great potential in cancer gene therapy, especially in cancer vaccines for immunotherapy. To overcome physiological barriers, such as rapid degradation by enzymatic attack and poor cellular uptake due to their large size and hydrophilic properties, many delivery carriers for mRNAs are being investigated for improving the bioavailability of mRNA. Recently, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have received attention as promising tools for gene delivery. In terms of their biocompatibility and the ability to target specific cells with the versatility of peptide sequences, they may provide clues to address the challenges of conventional delivery systems for cancer mRNA delivery. In this study, optimal conditions for the CPP/mRNA complexes were identified in terms of complexation capacity and N/P ratio, and protection against RNase was confirmed. When cancer cells were treated at a concentration of 6.8 nM, which could deliver the highest amount of mRNA without toxicity, the amphipathic CPP/mRNA complexes with a size less than 200 nm showed high cellular uptake and protein expression. With advances in our understanding of CPPs, CPPs designed to target tumor tissues will be promising for use in developing a new class of mRNA delivery vehicles in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelee Kim
- Medical Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.K.); (E.H.K.); (H.J.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- Medical Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.K.); (E.H.K.); (H.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Medical Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.K.); (E.H.K.); (H.J.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Hochung Jang
- Medical Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.K.); (E.H.K.); (H.J.); (Y.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Yeongji Jang
- Medical Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.K.); (E.H.K.); (H.J.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Sung-Gil Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Medical Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.K.); (E.H.K.); (H.J.); (Y.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (S.H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-958-6655 (Y.Y.); +82-2-958-6639 (S.H.K.)
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Medical Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.K.); (E.H.K.); (H.J.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (S.H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-958-6655 (Y.Y.); +82-2-958-6639 (S.H.K.)
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Bechtella L, Chalouhi E, Milán Rodríguez P, Cosset M, Ravault D, Illien F, Sagan S, Carlier L, Lequin O, Fuchs PFJ, Sachon E, Walrant A. Structural Bases for the Involvement of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate in the Internalization of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1427-1439. [PMID: 35608167 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides cross cell membranes through various parallel internalization pathways. Herein, we analyze the role of the negatively charged lipid phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in the internalization of Penetratin. Contributions of both inner leaflet and outer leaflet pools of PI(4,5)P2 were revealed by quantifying the internalization of Penetratin in cells treated with PI(4,5)P2 binders. Studies on model systems showed that Penetratin has a strong affinity for PI(4,5)P2 and interacts selectively with this lipid, even in the presence of other negatively charged lipids, as demonstrated by affinity photo-crosslinking experiments. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that Penetratin induces lateral segregation in PI(4,5)P2-containing liposomes, which was confirmed by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. NMR experiments indicated that Penetratin adopts a stabilized helical conformation in the presence of PI(4,5)P2-containing membranes, with an orientation parallel to the bilayer plane, which was also confirmed by all-atom simulations. NMR and photo-crosslinking experiments also suggest a rather shallow insertion of the peptide in the membrane. Put together, our findings suggest that PI(4,5)P2 is a privileged interaction partner for Penetratin and that it plays an important role in Penetratin internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Bechtella
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Edward Chalouhi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Paula Milán Rodríguez
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Cosset
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Ravault
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Illien
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Carlier
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick F. J. Fuchs
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, UFR Sciences du Vivant, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Mass Spectrometry Sciences Sorbonne Université, MS3U platform, UFR 926, UFR 927, Paris 75005, France
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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12
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Luo Y, Song Y. Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptides: Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antibiofilm Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111401. [PMID: 34768832 PMCID: PMC8584040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are regarded as a new generation of antibiotics. Besides antimicrobial activity, AMPs also have antibiofilm, immune-regulatory, and other activities. Exploring the mechanism of action of AMPs may help in the modification and development of AMPs. Many studies were conducted on the mechanism of AMPs. The present review mainly summarizes the research status on the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antibiofilm properties of AMPs. This study not only describes the mechanism of cell wall action and membrane-targeting action but also includes the transmembrane mechanism of intracellular action and intracellular action targets. It also discusses the dual mechanism of action reported by a large number of investigations. Antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory mechanisms were described based on the formation of biofilms and inflammation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the multiple activities and coordination of AMPs in vivo, and to fully understand AMPs to realize their therapeutic prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Yuzhu Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65939528
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Klabenkova K, Fokina A, Stetsenko D. Chemistry of Peptide-Oligonucleotide Conjugates: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5420. [PMID: 34500849 PMCID: PMC8434111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs) represent one of the increasingly successful albeit costly approaches to increasing the cellular uptake, tissue delivery, bioavailability, and, thus, overall efficiency of therapeutic nucleic acids, such as, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs. This review puts the subject of chemical synthesis of POCs into the wider context of therapeutic oligonucleotides and the problem of nucleic acid drug delivery, cell-penetrating peptide structural types, the mechanisms of their intracellular transport, and the ways of application, which include the formation of non-covalent complexes with oligonucleotides (peptide additives) or covalent conjugation. The main strategies for the synthesis of POCs are viewed in detail, which are conceptually divided into (a) the stepwise solid-phase synthesis approach and (b) post-synthetic conjugation either in solution or on the solid phase, especially by means of various click chemistries. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are discussed and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Klabenkova
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alesya Fokina
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Stetsenko
- Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (K.K.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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14
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Calorimetric Evaluation of Glycyrrhetic Acid (GA)- and Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate (SG)-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Interactions with a Model Biomembrane. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164903. [PMID: 34443491 PMCID: PMC8398178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetic acid (GA) and stearyl glycyrrhetinate (SG) are two interesting compounds from Glycyrrhiza glabra, showing numerous biological properties widely applied in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Despite these appreciable benefits, their potential therapeutic properties are strongly compromised due to unfavourable physical-chemical features. The strategy exploited in the present work was to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as carrier systems for GA and SG delivery. Both formulations loaded with GA and SG (GA-SLNs and SG-SLNs, respectively) were prepared by the high shear homogenization coupled to ultrasound (HSH-US) method, and we obtained good technological parameters. DSC was used to evaluate their thermotropic behaviour and ability to act as carriers for GA and SG. The study was conducted by means of a biomembrane model (multilamellar vesicles; MLVs) that simulated the interaction of the carriers with the cellular membrane. Unloaded and loaded SLNs were incubated with the biomembranes, and their interactions were evaluated over time through variations in their calorimetric curves. The results of these studies indicated that GA and SG interact differently with MLVs and SLNs; the interactions of SG-SLNs and GA-SLNs with the biomembrane model showed different variations of the MLVs calorimetric curve and suggest the potential use of SLNs as delivery systems for GA.
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15
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Sajid MI, Moazzam M, Stueber R, Park SE, Cho Y, Malik NUA, Tiwari RK. Applications of amphipathic and cationic cyclic cell-penetrating peptides: Significant therapeutic delivery tool. Peptides 2021; 141:170542. [PMID: 33794283 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new class of peptides, cyclic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), has great potential for delivering a vast variety of therapeutics intracellularly for treating diverse ailments. CPPs have been used previously; however, their further use is limited due to instability, toxicity, endosomal degradation, and insufficient cellular penetration. Cyclic CPPs are being investigated in delivering therapeutics to treat various ailments, including multi-drug resistant microbial infections, HIV, and cancer. They can act as a carrier for a variety of cargos and target intracellularly. Approximately 40 cyclic peptides-based therapeutics are available in the market, and annually one cyclic peptide-based drug enters the market. Numerous research and review articles have been published in the last decade about linear and cyclic peptides separately. This review is the first to provide a comprehensive deliberation about cationic and amphipathic cyclic CPPs. Herein, we highlights their structures, significant advantages, translocation mechanisms, and delivery application in the area of biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Sajid
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moazzam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ryan Stueber
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Shang Eun Park
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Yeseom Cho
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Noor Ul Ain Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rakesh K Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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Takeuchi K, Misaki I, Tokunaga Y, Fujisaki M, Kamoshida H, Takizawa T, Hanzawa H, Shimada I. Conformational Plasticity of Cyclic Ras‐Inhibitor Peptides Defines Cell Permeabilization Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koh Takeuchi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Imai Misaki
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Miwa Fujisaki
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Hajime Kamoshida
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Takeshi Takizawa
- Biological Research Department Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku Tokyo 134-8630 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanzawa
- Biological Research Department Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku Tokyo 134-8630 Japan
| | - Ichio Shimada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research RIKEN 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
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17
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Takeuchi K, Misaki I, Tokunaga Y, Fujisaki M, Kamoshida H, Takizawa T, Hanzawa H, Shimada I. Conformational Plasticity of Cyclic Ras‐Inhibitor Peptides Defines Cell Permeabilization Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6567-6572. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koh Takeuchi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Imai Misaki
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Miwa Fujisaki
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Hajime Kamoshida
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto Tokyo 135-0063 Japan
| | - Takeshi Takizawa
- Biological Research Department Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku Tokyo 134-8630 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hanzawa
- Biological Research Department Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd. 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku Tokyo 134-8630 Japan
| | - Ichio Shimada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research RIKEN 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku Yokohama 230-0045 Japan
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19
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Faya M, Hazzah HA, Omolo CA, Agrawal N, Maji R, Walvekar P, Mocktar C, Nkambule B, Rambharose S, Albericio F, de la Torre BG, Govender T. Novel formulation of antimicrobial peptides enhances antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Amino Acids 2020; 52:1439-1457. [PMID: 33074344 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have the ability to penetrate as well as transport cargo across bacterial cell membranes, and they have been labeled as exceptional candidates to function in drug delivery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of novel formulation of AMPs for enhanced MRSA activity. The strategy was carried out through the formulation of liposomes by thin-layer film hydration methodology, containing phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, oleic acid, the novel AMP, as well as vancomycin (VCM). Characterization of the AMPs and liposomes included HPLC and LCMS for peptide purity and mass determination; DLS (size, polydispersity, zeta potential), TEM (surface morphology), dialysis (drug release), broth dilution, and flow cytometry (antibacterial activity); MTT assay, haemolysis and intracellular antibacterial studies. The size, PDI, and zeta potential of the drug-loaded AMP2-Lipo-1 were 102.6 ± 1.81 nm, 0.157 ± 0.01, and - 9.81 ± 1.69 mV, respectively, while for AMP3-Lipo-2 drug-loaded formulation, it was 146.4 ± 1.90 nm, 0.412 ± 0.05, and - 4.27 ± 1.25 mV respectively at pH 7.4. However, in acidic pH for both formulations, we observed an increase in size, PDI, and a switch to positive zeta potential, which indicated the pH responsiveness of our liposomal systems. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrated that liposomal formulations released VCM-HCl at a faster rate at pH 6.0 compared to pH 7.4. In vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA revealed that liposomes had enhanced activity at pH 6 compared to pH 7.4. The study revealed that the formulation can potentially be used to enhance activity and penetration of AMPs, thereby improving the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbuso Faya
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban, X54001, South Africa
| | - Heba A Hazzah
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.,KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban, X54001, South Africa.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University-Africa, P. O. Box 14634-00800, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nikhi Agrawal
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban, X54001, South Africa
| | - Ruma Maji
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban, X54001, South Africa
| | - Pavan Walvekar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban, X54001, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban, X54001, South Africa
| | - Bongani Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban, X54001, South Africa
| | - Sanjeev Rambharose
- Department of Surgery, Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag, Durban, X54001, South Africa.
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20
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Hedegaard SF, Bruhn DS, Khandelia H, Cárdenas M, Nielsen HM. Shuffled lipidation pattern and degree of lipidation determines the membrane interaction behavior of a linear cationic membrane-active peptide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:584-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Yamashita H, Fujitani M, Shimizu K, Kanie K, Kato R, Honda H. Machine Learning-Based Amino Acid Substitution of Short Peptides: Acquisition of Peptides with Enhanced Inhibitory Activities against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6117-6125. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Yamashita
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaya Fujitani
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kei Kanie
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Innovative Research Center for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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22
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Fressinaud C, Thomas O, Umerska AM, Saulnier P. Lipid Nanoparticles Vectorized with NFL-TBS.40-63 Peptide Target Oligodendrocytes and Promote Neurotrophin-3 Effects After Demyelination In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2732-2748. [PMID: 32910302 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis is important to prevent axon degeneration, given the lack of curative treatment. Although some growth factors improve this repair, unspecific delivery to cells and potential side effects limit their therapeutic use. Thus, NFL-TBS.40-63 peptide (NFL)-known to enter specifically myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL)-was used to vectorize 100 nm diameter lipid nanoparticles (LNC), and the ability of NFL-LNC to specifically target OL from newborn rat brain was assessed in vitro. Specific uptake of DiD-labeled NFL-LNC by OL characterized by CNP and myelin basic protein was observed by confocal microscopy, as well as DiD colocalization with NFL and with Rab5-a marker of early endosomes. Unvectorized LNC did not significantly penetrate OL and there was no uptake of NFL-LNC by astrocytes. Canonical maturation of OL which extended compacted myelin-like membranes was observed by transmission electron microscopy in cells grown up to 9 days with NFL-LNC. Endocytosis of NFL-LNC appeared to depend on several pathways, as demonstrated by inhibitors. In addition, vectorized NFL-LNC adsorbed on neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) potentiated the proremyelinating effects of NT-3 after demyelination by lysophosphatidyl choline, allowing noticeably decreasing NT-3 concentration. Our results if they were confirmed in vivo suggest that NFL-vectorized LNC appear safe and could be considered as putative carriers for specific drug delivery to OL in order to increase remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fressinaud
- Neurology Department, University Hospital, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 9, France. .,MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.
| | - Olivier Thomas
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Anita Monika Umerska
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Patrick Saulnier
- MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
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23
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Futaki S, Arafiles JVV, Hirose H. Peptide-assisted Intracellular Delivery of Biomacromolecules. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Varnamkhasti BS, Jafari S, Taghavi F, Alaei L, Izadi Z, Lotfabadi A, Dehghanian M, Jaymand M, Derakhshankhah H, Saboury AA. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: As a Promising Theranostics Strategy to Circumvent the Blood-Brain Barrier for CNS Diseases. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:375-386. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200415111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The passage of therapeutic molecules across the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a profound challenge for the management of the Central Nervous System (CNS)-related diseases. The ineffectual nature of traditional treatments for CNS disorders led to the abundant endeavor of researchers for the design the effective approaches in order to bypass BBB during recent decades. Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) were found to be one of the promising strategies to manage CNS disorders. CPPs are short peptide sequences with translocation capacity across the biomembrane. With special regard to their two key advantages like superior permeability as well as low cytotoxicity, these peptide sequences represent an appropriate solution to promote therapeutic/theranostic delivery into the CNS. This scenario highlights CPPs with specific emphasis on their applicability as a novel theranostic delivery system into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrang Shiri Varnamkhasti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical, Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical, Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Taghavi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Loghman Alaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical, Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical, Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Lotfabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical, Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Dehghanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Shahr-e Kord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Kord, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical, Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Efficient Therapeutic Delivery by a Novel Cell-Penetrating Peptide Derived from Acinus. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071858. [PMID: 32664285 PMCID: PMC7408964 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have identified a novel cell-penetrating sequence, termed hAP10, from the C-terminus of the human protein Acinus. hAP10 was able to efficiently enter various normal and cancerous cells, likely through an endocytosis pathway, and to deliver an EGFP cargo to the cell interior. Cell penetration of a peptide, hAP10DR, derived from hAP10 by mutation of an aspartic acid residue to an arginine was dramatically increased. Interestingly, a peptide containing a portion of the heptad leucine repeat region domain of the survival protein AAC-11 (residues 377–399) fused to either hAP10 or hAP10DR was able to induce tumor cells, but not normal cells, death both ex vivo on Sézary patients’ circulating cells and to inhibit tumor growth in vivo in a sub-cutaneous xenograft mouse model for the Sézary syndrome. Combined, our results indicate that hAP10 and hAP10DR may represent promising vehicles for the in vitro or in vivo delivery of bioactive cargos, with potential use in clinical settings.
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26
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Mello LR, Hamley IW, Castelletto V, Garcia BBM, Lourenço TC, Vassiliades SV, Alves WA, Han SW, Silva ER. Self-assembly and intracellular delivery of DNA by a truncated fragment derived from the Trojan peptide Penetratin. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4746-4755. [PMID: 32329496 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Penetratin is a short Trojan peptide that attracts great interest in biomedical research for its capacity to translocate biological membranes. Herein, we study in detail both self-assembly and intracellular delivery of DNA by the heptamer KIWFQNR, a truncated peptide derived from Penetratin. This shortened sequence possesses a unique design with bolaamphiphilic characteristics that preserves the longest noncationic amino acid portion found in Penetratin. These features convey amphipathicity to assist self-assembly and make it a suitable model for exploring the role of hydrophobic residues for peptide interaction and cell uptake. We show that the fragment forms peptiplexes (i.e., peptide-DNA complexes), and aggregates into long nanofibers with clear β-sheet signature. The supramolecular structure of nanofibers is likely composed of DNA cores surrounded by a peptide shell to which the double helix behaves as a template and induces fibrillization. A nucleation and growth mechanism proceeding through liquid-liquid phase separation of coacervates is proposed for describing the self-assembly of peptiplexes. We also demonstrate that peptiplexes deliver double-stranded 200 bp DNA into HeLa cells, indicating its potential for preparing non-viral vectors for oligonucleotides through noncovalent strategies. Since the main structural features of native Penetratin are conserved in this simpler fragment, our findings also highlight the role of uncharged amino acids for structuration, and thus for the ability of Penetratin to cross cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Mello
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.
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27
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Jerath G, Goyal R, Trivedi V, Santhoshkumar TR, Ramakrishnan V. Conformationally constrained peptides for drug delivery. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3244. [PMID: 32128940 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptides have shown great potential in acting as template for developing versatile carrier platforms in nanomedicine, aimed at selective delivery of drugs to only pathological tissues saving its normal neighbors. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short oligomeric peptides capable of translocating across the cell membrane while simultaneously employing multiple mechanisms of entry. Most CPPs exist as disordered structures in solution and may adopt a helical conformation on interaction with cell membrane, vital to their penetrative capability. Herein, we report a series of cationic helical amphipathic peptides (CHAPs), which are topologically constrained to be helical. The peptides were tested against cervical and breast cancer cells for their cell penetration and drug delivery potential. The cellular uptake of CHAP peptides is independent of temperature and energy availability. The activity of the peptides is biocompatible in bovine serum. CHAPs delivered functional methotrexate (MTX) inside the cell as CHAP-MTX conjugates. CHAP-MTX conjugates were more toxic to cancer cells than MTX alone. However, the CHAP-MTX conjugates were less toxic to HEK-293 cells compared with the cancer cells suggesting higher affinity towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Jerath
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Ruchika Goyal
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Vibin Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Informatics and Design Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Ionpair-π interactions favor cell penetration of arginine/tryptophan-rich cell-penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Spectroscopic investigation on alteration of dynamic properties of lipid membrane in presence of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Abstract
Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug modalities (i.e., small molecules and biologics). Macrocyclic peptides provide a potential solution to these undruggable targets because their larger sizes (relative to conventional small molecules) endow them the capability of binding to flat PPI interfaces with antibody-like affinity and specificity. Powerful combinatorial library technologies have been developed to routinely identify cyclic peptides as potent, specific inhibitors against proteins including PPI targets. However, with the exception of a very small set of sequences, the vast majority of cyclic peptides are impermeable to the cell membrane, preventing their application against intracellular targets. This Review examines common structural features that render most cyclic peptides membrane impermeable, as well as the unique features that allow the minority of sequences to enter the cell interior by passive diffusion, endocytosis/endosomal escape, or other mechanisms. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cell penetration, the various strategies for designing cell-permeable, biologically active cyclic peptides against intracellular targets, and the assay methods available to quantify their cell-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ashweta Sahni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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31
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The Contribution of Differential Scanning Calorimetry for the Study of Peptide/Lipid Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1964:3-15. [PMID: 30929231 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9179-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-active peptides include a variety of molecules such as antimicrobial (AMP), cell-penetrating (CPP), viral, and amyloid peptides that are implicated in several pathologies. They constitute important targets because they are either at the basis of novel therapies (drug delivery for CPPs or antimicrobial activity for AMPs) or they are the agents causing these pathologies (viral and amyloid peptides). They all share the common property of interacting with the cellular lipid membrane in their mode of action. Therefore, a better understanding of the peptide/lipid (P/L) interaction is essential to help decipher their mechanism of action. Among the different biophysical methods that can be used to fully characterize P/L interactions, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) allows determining the peptide effect on the lipid phase transitions, a property that reflects the P/L interaction mode. A general protocol for classical DSC experiments for P/L studies will be provided.
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32
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Pham TN, Loupias P, Dassonville-Klimpt A, Sonnet P. Drug delivery systems designed to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2343-2396. [PMID: 31004359 DOI: 10.1002/med.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a huge challenge to the effective treatment of infectious diseases. Aside from a modest number of novel anti-infective agents, very few new classes of antibiotics have been successfully developed for therapeutic use. Despite the research efforts of numerous scientists, the fight against antimicrobial (ATB) resistance has been a longstanding continued effort, as pathogens rapidly adapt and evolve through various strategies, to escape the action of ATBs. Among other mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, the sophisticated envelopes surrounding microbes especially form a major barrier for almost all anti-infective agents. In addition, the mammalian cell membrane presents another obstacle to the ATBs that target intracellular pathogens. To negotiate these biological membranes, scientists have developed drug delivery systems to help drugs traverse the cell wall; these are called "Trojan horse" strategies. Within these delivery systems, ATB molecules can be conjugated with one of many different types of carriers. These carriers could include any of the following: siderophores, antimicrobial peptides, cell-penetrating peptides, antibodies, or even nanoparticles. In recent years, the Trojan horse-inspired delivery systems have been increasingly reported as efficient strategies to expand the arsenal of therapeutic solutions and/or reinforce the effectiveness of conventional ATBs against drug-resistant microbes, while also minimizing the side effects of these drugs. In this paper, we aim to review and report on the recent progress made in these newly prevalent ATB delivery strategies, within the current context of increasing ATB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Nhat Pham
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR: Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie, Amiens, France
| | - Pauline Loupias
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR: Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie, Amiens, France
| | | | - Pascal Sonnet
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, AGIR: Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie, Amiens, France
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33
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Mercurio FA, Scaloni A, Caira S, Leone M. The antimicrobial peptides casocidins I and II: Solution structural studies in water and different membrane-mimetic environments. Peptides 2019; 114:50-58. [PMID: 30243923 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent crucial components of the natural immune defense machinery of different organisms. Generally, they are short and positively charged, and bind to and destabilize bacterial cytoplasmic membranes, ultimately leading to cell death. Natural proteolytic cleavage of αs2-casein in bovine milk generates the antimicrobial peptides casocidin I and II. In the current study, we report for the first time on a detailed structure characterization of casocidins in solution by means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Structural studies were conducted in H2O and different membrane mimetic environments, including 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) and lipid anionic and zwitterionic vesicles. For both peptides, results indicate a mainly disordered conformation in H2O, with a few residues in a partial helical structure. No wide increase of order occurs upon interaction with lipid vesicles. Conversely, peptide conformation becomes highly ordered in presence of TFE, with both casocidins presenting a large helical content. Our data point out a preference of casocidins to interact with model anionic membranes. These results are compatible with possible mechanisms of action underlying the antimicrobial activity of casocidins that ultimately may affect membrane bilayer stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Anna Mercurio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council & Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Caira
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council & Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPEB), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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34
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Berrío Escobar JF, Márquez Fernández DM, Giordani C, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG. Anomalous interaction of tri-acyl ester derivatives of uridine nucleoside with a l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine biomembrane model: a differential scanning calorimetry study. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:329-337. [PMID: 30456846 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uridine was conjugated with fatty acids to improve the drug lipophilicity and the interaction with phospholipid bilayers. METHODS The esterification reaction using carbodiimides compounds as coupling agents and a nucleophilic catalyst allowed us to synthesize tri-acyl ester derivatives of uridine with fatty acids. Analysis of molecular interactions between these tri-acyl ester derivatives and l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) multilamellar vesicles (MLV) - as a mammalian cell membrane model - have been performed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). KEY FINDINGS The DSC thermograms suggest that nucleoside and uridine triacetate softly interact with phospholipidic multilamellar vesicles which are predominantly located between the polar phase, whereas the tri-acyl ester derivatives with fatty acids (myristic and stearic acids) present a strongly interaction with the DMPC bilayer due to the nucleoside and aliphatic chains parts which are oriented towards the polar and lipophilic phases of the phospholipidic bilayer, respectively. However, the effects caused by the tri-myristoyl uridine and tri-stearoyl uridine are different. CONCLUSIONS We show how the structural changes of uridine modulate the calorimetric behaviour of DMPC shedding light on their affinity with the phospholipidic biomembrane model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Fernando Berrío Escobar
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Departamento de Farmacia , Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Margarita Márquez Fernández
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Departamento de Farmacia , Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Productos Naturales Marinos, Departamento de Farmacia , Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia.,Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italia
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35
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Via MA, Klug J, Wilke N, Mayorga LS, Del Pópolo MG. The interfacial electrostatic potential modulates the insertion of cell-penetrating peptides into lipid bilayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5180-5189. [PMID: 29393934 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07243k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are short sequences of cationic amino-acids that show a surprising ability to traverse lipid bilayers. CPP are considered to be some of the most effective vectors to introduce membrane-impermeable cargos into cells, but the molecular basis of the membrane translocation mechanisms and its dependence on relevant membrane physicochemical properties have yet to be fully determined. In this paper we resort to Molecular Dynamics simulations and experiments to investigate how the electrostatic potential across the lipid/water interface affects the insertion of hydrophilic and amphipathic CPP into two-dimensional lipid structures. Simulations are used to quantify the effect of the transmembrane potential on the free-energy profile associated with the transfer of the CPP across a neutral lipid bilayer. It is found that the electrostatic bias has a relatively small effect on the binding of the peptides to the membrane surface, but that it significantly lowers the permeation barrier. A charge compensation mechanism, arising from the segregation of counter-ions while the peptide traverses the membrane, determines the shape and symmetry of the free-energy curves and underlines relevant mechanistic considerations. Langmuir monolayer experiments performed with a variety of amphiphiles model the incorporation of the CPP into the external membrane leaflet. It is shown that the dipole potential of the monolayer controls the extent of penetration of the CPP into the lipid aggregate, to a greater degree than its surface charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías A Via
- CONICET & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, CP5500, Argentina.
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36
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Peraro L, Kritzer JA. Emerging Methods and Design Principles for Cell-Penetrant Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11868-11881. [PMID: 29740917 PMCID: PMC7184558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules such as antibodies, proteins, and peptides are important tools for chemical biology and leads for drug development. They have been used to inhibit a variety of extracellular proteins, but accessing intracellular proteins has been much more challenging. In this review, we discuss diverse chemical approaches that have yielded cell-penetrant peptides and identify three distinct strategies: masking backbone amides, guanidinium group patterning, and amphipathic patterning. We summarize a growing number of large data sets, which are starting to reveal more specific design guidelines for each strategy. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods for quantifying cell penetration. Finally, we provide an overview of best-odds approaches for applying these new methods and design principles to optimize cytosolic penetration for a given bioactive peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| | - Joshua A Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
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37
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Peraro L, Kritzer JA. Neue Methoden und Designprinzipien für zellgängige Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| | - Joshua A. Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
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38
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Stereochemistry as a determining factor for the effect of a cell-penetrating peptide on cellular viability and epithelial integrity. Biochem J 2018; 475:1773-1788. [PMID: 29686042 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) comprise efficient peptide-based delivery vectors. Owing to the inherent poor enzymatic stability of peptides, CPPs displaying partial or full replacement of l-amino acids with the corresponding d-amino acids might possess advantages as delivery vectors. Thus, the present study aims to elucidate the membrane- and metabolism-associated effects of l-Penetratin (l-PEN) and its corresponding all-d analog (d-PEN). These effects were investigated when exerted on hepatocellular (HepG2) or intestinal (Caco-2 and IEC-6) cell culture models. The head-to-head comparison of these enantiomeric CPPs included evaluation of their effects on cell viability and morphology, epithelial membrane integrity, and cellular ultrastructure. In all investigated cell models, a rapid decrease in cell viability, pronounced membrane perturbation and an altered ultrastructure were detected upon exposure to d-PEN. At equimolar concentrations, these observations were less pronounced or even absent for cells exposed to l-PEN. Both CPPs remained stable for at least 2 h during exposure to proliferating cells (cultured for 24 h), although d-PEN exhibited a longer half-life when compared with that of l-PEN when exposed to well-differentiated cell monolayers (cultured for 18-20 days). Thus, the stereochemistry of the CPP penetratin significantly influences its effects on cell viability and epithelial integrity when profiled against a panel of mammalian cells.
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39
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Escobar JFB, Restrepo MHP, Fernández DMM, Martínez AM, Giordani C, Castelli F, Sarpietro MG. Synthesis and interaction of sterol-uridine conjugate with DMPC liposomes studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 166:203-209. [PMID: 29597153 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique which provides information on the interaction between drugs and models of cell membranes. Studies on the calorimetric behavior of hydrated phospholipids within liposomes are employed to shed light on the changes in the physico-chemical properties when interacting with drugs. In this report, new potential anti-cancer drugs such as uridine and uridine derivatives (acetonide and its succinate), 3β-5α,8α-endoperoxide-cholestan-6-en-3-ol (5,8-epidioxicholesterol) and conjugate (uridine acetonide-epidioxicholesterol succinate) have been synthesized. Steglich esterification method using coupling agents allowed to obtain the uridine acetonide-sterol conjugate. The study on the interaction between the drugs and dimiristoyl-phophatidilcholine (DMPC) liposomes has been conducted by the use of DSC. The analysis of the DSC curves indicated that the uridine and derivatives (acetonide and its succinate) present a very soft interaction with the DMPC liposomes, whereas the 5,8-epidioxicholesterol and the conjugate showed a strong effect on the thermotropic behavior. Our results suggested that the lipophilic character of uridine acetonide-sterol conjugate improves the affinity with the DMPC liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Fernando Berrío Escobar
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuel Humberto Pastrana Restrepo
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Margarita Márquez Fernández
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Martínez Martínez
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Cristiano Giordani
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Instituto de Física, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Sarpietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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40
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Banerjee P, Pal S, Kundu N, Mondal D, Sarkar N. A cell-penetrating peptide induces the self-reproduction of phospholipid vesicles: understanding the role of the bilayer rigidity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11451-11454. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Model lipid vesicles (LAPC) self-reproduce to generate unilamellar daughter vesicles in the presence of a cell-penetrating peptide (R9) due to a loss of the bilayer rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Siddhartha Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Niloy Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Dipankar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Nilmoni Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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41
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Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Design Strategies beyond Primary Structure and Amphipathicity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111929. [PMID: 29117144 PMCID: PMC6150340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient intracellular drug delivery and target specificity are often hampered by the presence of biological barriers. Thus, compounds that efficiently cross cell membranes are the key to improving the therapeutic value and on-target specificity of non-permeable drugs. The discovery of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and the early design approaches through mimicking the natural penetration domains used by viruses have led to greater efficiency of intracellular delivery. Following these nature-inspired examples, a number of rationally designed CPPs has been developed. In this review, a variety of CPP designs will be described, including linear and flexible, positively charged and often amphipathic CPPs, and more rigid versions comprising cyclic, stapled, or dimeric and/or multivalent, self-assembled peptides or peptido-mimetics. The application of distinct design strategies to known physico-chemical properties of CPPs offers the opportunity to improve their penetration efficiency and/or internalization kinetics. This led to increased design complexity of new CPPs that does not always result in greater CPP activity. Therefore, the transition of CPPs to a clinical setting remains a challenge also due to the concomitant involvement of various internalization routes and heterogeneity of cells used in the in vitro studies.
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42
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li S, Yu X, Zhao Y, Ouyang X, Xie Z, Li L. Transporting carriers for intracellular targeting delivery via non-endocytic uptake pathways. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:45-55. [PMID: 29069996 PMCID: PMC8812582 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1391889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel therapies for clinical treatments, it increasingly depends on sophisticated delivery systems that facilitate the drugs entry into targeting cells. Profound understanding of cellular uptake routes for transporting carriers promotes the optimization of performance in drug delivery systems. Although endocytic pathway is the most important part of cellular uptake routes for many delivery systems, it suffers the trouble of enzymatic degradation of transporting carriers trapped in endosomes/lysosomes. Therefore, it is desirable to develop alternative transporting methods for delivery systems via non-endocytic pathways to achieve more effective intracellular delivery. In this review, we summarize the literature exploring transporting carriers that mediate intracellular delivery via non-endocytic pathways to present the current research status in this field. Cell-penetrating peptides, pH (low) insertion peptides, and nanoparticles are categorized to exhibit their ability to directly transport various cargos into cytoplasm via non-endocytic uptake in different cell lines. It is hoped that this review can spur the interesting on development of drug delivery systems via non-endocytic uptake pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yalei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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Futaki S, Nakase I. Cell-Surface Interactions on Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides Allow for Multiplex Modes of Internalization. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2449-2456. [PMID: 28910080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the recent hot topics in peptide-related chemical biology research is the potential of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Owing to their ability to deliver exogenous molecules into cells easily and effectively, their flexible design that allows transporters to comprise various chemical structures and functions, and their potential in chemical and cell biology studies and clinical applications, CPPs have been attracting enormous interest among researchers in related fields. Consequently, publications on CPPs have increased significantly. Although there are many types of CPPs with different physicochemical properties and applications, arginine-rich CPPs, which include the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) TAT peptide and oligoarginines, are among the most extensively employed and studied. Previous studies demonstrated the importance of the guanidino group in arginine, which confers flexibility in transporter design. Therefore, in addition to peptides, various transporters rich in guanidino groups, which do not necessarily share specific chemical and three-dimensional structures, have been developed. Typically, cell-penetrating transporters have 6-12 guanidino groups. Since the pKa of the guanidino group in arginine is approximately 12.5, these molecules are highly basic and hydrophilic. Our group is interested in why these cationic molecules can penetrate cells. Understanding their mechanism of action should lead to the rational design of intracellular delivery systems that have high efficacy. Additionally, novel cellular uptake mechanisms may be elucidated during the course of these studies. Therefore, our group is trying to understand the basic aspects underlying the ability of these peptides to penetrate cells. Regarding the delivery of biopharmaceuticals including proteins and nucleic acids, achieving efficient and effective delivery to target organs and cells is one of the biggest challenges. Furthermore, when the target sites of these drug molecules are within cells, effective cell penetration becomes another obstacle. Cells are surrounded by a membrane that separates the inside of the cell from its outside. This barrier function is critical for keeping cellular contents inside cells, and without this, cells cannot function. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of action of CPPs is necessary to overcome these obstacles and will allow us not only to improve CPP-mediated delivery but also to create other types of intracellular delivery systems. In this Account, we summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms of internalization of arginine-rich CPPs, from the viewpoints of both direct cell-membrane penetration (i.e., physicochemical aspects) and endocytic uptake (i.e., physiological aspects), and discuss the implications of this knowledge. We also discussed loosening of lipid packing as a factor to promote direct cell-membrane penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiroh Futaki
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Nakase
- Nanoscience
and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the
21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
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44
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Guidotti G, Brambilla L, Rossi D. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: From Basic Research to Clinics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:406-424. [PMID: 28209404 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cell and tissue barriers together with the low biomembrane permeability of various therapeutics often hampers systemic drug distribution; thus, most of the available molecules are of limited therapeutic value. Opportunities to increase medicament concentrations in areas that are difficult to access now exist with the advent of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which can transport into the cell a wide variety of biologically active conjugates (cargoes). Numerous preclinical evaluations with CPP-derived therapeutics have provided promising results in various disease models that, in some cases, prompted clinical trials. The outcome of these investigations has thus opened new perspectives for CPP application in the development of unprecedented human therapies that are well tolerated and directed to intracellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidotti
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Maugeri Clinical and Scientific Institutes SpA SB, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Liliana Brambilla
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Maugeri Clinical and Scientific Institutes SpA SB, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Laboratory for Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders, IRCCS Maugeri Clinical and Scientific Institutes SpA SB, Via Maugeri 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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45
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Ansari AS, Santerre PJ, Uludağ H. Biomaterials for polynucleotide delivery to anchorage-independent cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7238-7261. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of various chemical vectors used for polynucleotide delivery to mammalian anchorage-independent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha S. Ansari
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Paul J. Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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46
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Membrane re-arrangements and rippled phase stabilisation by the cell penetrating peptide penetratin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2584-2591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Hirst DJ, Lee TH, Kulkarni K, Wilce JA, Aguilar MI. The impact of cell-penetrating peptides on membrane bilayer structure during binding and insertion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1841-9. [PMID: 27163492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of penetratin and a truncated analogue on the bilayer structure using dual polarisation interferometry, to simultaneously measure changes in mass per unit area and birefringence (an optical parameter representing bilayer order) with high sensitivity during the binding and dissociation from the membrane. Specifically, we studied penetratin (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK), along with a shortened and biotinylated version known as R8K-biotin (RRMKWKKK(Biotin)-NH2). Overall both peptides bound only weakly to the neutral DMPC and POPC bilayers, while much higher binding was observed for the anionic DMPC/DMPG and POPC/POPG. The binding of penetratin to gel-phase DMPC/DMPG was adequately represented by a two-state model, whereas on the fluid-phase POPC/POPG it exhibited a distinctly different binding pattern, best represented by a three-state kinetic model. However, R8K-biotin did not bind well to DMPC/DMPG and showed a more transitory and superficial binding to POPC/POPG. Comparing the modelling results for both peptides binding to POPC/POPG suggests an important role for a securely bound intermediate prior to penetratin insertion and translocation. Overall these results further elucidate the mechanism of penetratin, and provide another example of the significance of the ability of DPI to measure structural changes and the use of kinetic analysis to investigate the stages of peptide-membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hirst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800,Australia
| | - Tzong-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800,Australia
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800,Australia
| | - Jacqueline A Wilce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800,Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800,Australia.
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48
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Izabela R, Jarosław R, Magdalena A, Piotr R, Ivan K. Transportan 10 improves the anticancer activity of cisplatin. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 26899863 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1219-5/figures/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to examine whether cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as transportan 10 (TP10) or protein transduction domain (PTD4) may improve the anticancer activity of cisplatin (cPt). The complexes of TP10 or PTD4 with cPt were used in the experiments. They were carried out on two non-cancer (HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) and HEL299 (human embryo lung)) and two cancer (HeLa (human cervical cancer) and OS143B (human osteosarcoma 143B)) cell lines. Both complexes were tested (MTT assay) with respect to their anticancer or cytotoxic actions. TAMRA (fluorescent dye)-stained preparations were visualized in a fluorescence microscope. The long-term effect of TP10 + cPt and its components on non-cancer and cancer cell lines was observed in inverted phase contrast microscopy. In the MTT test (cell viability assay), the complex of TP10 + cPt produced a more potent effect on the cancer cell lines (HeLa, OS143B) in comparison to that observed after separate treatment with TP10 or cPt. At the same time, the action of the complex and its components was rather small on non-cancer cell lines. On the other hand, a complex of another CPP with cPt, i.e., PTD4 + cPt, was without a significant effect on the cancer cell line (OS143B). The images of the fluorescent microscopy showed TAMRA-TP10 or TAMRA-TP10 + cPt in the interior of the HeLa cells. In the case of TAMRA-PTD4 or TAMRA-PTD4 + cPt, only the first compound was found inside the cancer cell line. In contrast, none of the tested compounds gained access to the interior of the non-cancer cells (HEK293, HEL299). Long-term incubation with the TP10 + cPt (estimated by inverted phase contrast microscopy) lead to an enhanced action of the complex on cell viability (decrease in the number of cells and change in their morphology) as compared with that produced by each single agent. With regard to the tested CPPs, only TP10 improved the anticancer activity of cisplatin if both compounds were used in the form of a complex. Additionally, the complex was relatively safe for non-cancer cells. What is more, TP10 also produced an anticancer effect on HeLa and OS143B cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusiecka Izabela
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Rekowski Piotr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kocić Ivan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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49
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Izabela R, Jarosław R, Magdalena A, Piotr R, Ivan K. Transportan 10 improves the anticancer activity of cisplatin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:485-97. [PMID: 26899863 PMCID: PMC4823340 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to examine whether cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as transportan 10 (TP10) or protein transduction domain (PTD4) may improve the anticancer activity of cisplatin (cPt). The complexes of TP10 or PTD4 with cPt were used in the experiments. They were carried out on two non-cancer (HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) and HEL299 (human embryo lung)) and two cancer (HeLa (human cervical cancer) and OS143B (human osteosarcoma 143B)) cell lines. Both complexes were tested (MTT assay) with respect to their anticancer or cytotoxic actions. TAMRA (fluorescent dye)-stained preparations were visualized in a fluorescence microscope. The long-term effect of TP10 + cPt and its components on non-cancer and cancer cell lines was observed in inverted phase contrast microscopy. In the MTT test (cell viability assay), the complex of TP10 + cPt produced a more potent effect on the cancer cell lines (HeLa, OS143B) in comparison to that observed after separate treatment with TP10 or cPt. At the same time, the action of the complex and its components was rather small on non-cancer cell lines. On the other hand, a complex of another CPP with cPt, i.e., PTD4 + cPt, was without a significant effect on the cancer cell line (OS143B). The images of the fluorescent microscopy showed TAMRA-TP10 or TAMRA-TP10 + cPt in the interior of the HeLa cells. In the case of TAMRA-PTD4 or TAMRA-PTD4 + cPt, only the first compound was found inside the cancer cell line. In contrast, none of the tested compounds gained access to the interior of the non-cancer cells (HEK293, HEL299). Long-term incubation with the TP10 + cPt (estimated by inverted phase contrast microscopy) lead to an enhanced action of the complex on cell viability (decrease in the number of cells and change in their morphology) as compared with that produced by each single agent. With regard to the tested CPPs, only TP10 improved the anticancer activity of cisplatin if both compounds were used in the form of a complex. Additionally, the complex was relatively safe for non-cancer cells. What is more, TP10 also produced an anticancer effect on HeLa and OS143B cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusiecka Izabela
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Rekowski Piotr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kocić Ivan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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50
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Kristensen M, Birch D, Mørck Nielsen H. Applications and Challenges for Use of Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Delivery Vectors for Peptide and Protein Cargos. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E185. [PMID: 26840305 PMCID: PMC4783919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrophilic nature of peptides and proteins renders them impermeable to cell membranes. Thus, in order to successfully deliver peptide and protein-based therapeutics across the plasma membrane or epithelial and endothelial barriers, a permeation enhancing strategy must be employed. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) constitute a promising tool and have shown applications for peptide and protein delivery into cells as well as across various epithelia and the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CPP-mediated delivery of peptides and proteins may be pursued via covalent conjugation of the CPP to the cargo peptide or protein or via physical complexation obtained by simple bulk-mixing of the CPP with its cargo. Both approaches have their pros and cons, and which is the better choice likely relates to the physicochemical properties of the CPP and its cargo as well as the route of administration, the specific barrier and the target cell. Besides the physical barrier, a metabolic barrier must be taken into consideration when applying peptide-based delivery vectors, such as the CPPs, and stability-enhancing strategies are commonly employed to prolong the CPP half-life. The mechanisms by which CPPs translocate cell membranes are believed to involve both endocytosis and direct translocation, but are still widely investigated and discussed. The fact that multiple factors influence the mechanisms responsible for cellular CPP internalization and the lack of sensitive methods for detection of the CPP, and in some cases the cargo, further complicates the design and conduction of conclusive mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Kristensen
- Section for Biologics, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ditlev Birch
- Section for Biologics, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Section for Biologics, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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