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Benjamin JI, Pollock DM. Current perspective on circadian function of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F438-F459. [PMID: 38134232 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00247.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior and function of living systems are synchronized by the 24-h rotation of the Earth that guides physiology according to time of day. However, when behavior becomes misaligned from the light-dark cycle, such as in rotating shift work, jet lag, and even unusual eating patterns, adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease can arise. The discovery of cell-autonomous molecular clocks expanded interest in regulatory systems that control circadian physiology including within the kidney, where function varies along a 24-h cycle. Our understanding of the mechanisms for circadian control of physiology is in the early stages, and so the present review provides an overview of what is known and the many gaps in our current understanding. We include a particular focus on the impact of eating behaviors, especially meal timing. A better understanding of the mechanisms guiding circadian function of the kidney is expected to reveal new insights into causes and consequences of a wide range of disorders involving the kidney, including hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine I Benjamin
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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2
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Hinrichs GR, Nielsen JR, Birn H, Bistrup C, Jensen BL. Amiloride evokes significant natriuresis and weight loss in kidney transplant recipients with and without albuminuria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F426-F435. [PMID: 37560772 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00108.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is associated with hypertension and aberrant glomerular filtration of serine proteases that may proteolytically activate the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). The present nonrandomized, pharmacodynamic intervention study aimed to investigate if inhibition of ENaC increases Na+ excretion and reduces extracellular volume in KTRs dependent on the presence of albuminuria. KTRs with and without albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio > 300 mg/g, n = 7, and <30 mg/g, n = 7, respectively) were included and ingested a diet with fixed Na+ content (150 mmol/day) for 5 days. On the last day, amiloride at 10 mg was administered twice. Body weight, 24-h urine electrolyte excretion, body water content, and ambulatory blood pressure as well as plasma renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone concentrations were determined before and after amiloride. Amiloride led to a significant decrease in body weight, increase in 24-h urinary Na+ excretion, and decrease in 24-h urinary K+ excretion in both groups. Urine output increased in the nonalbuminuric group only. There was no change in plasma renin, aldosterone, and angiotensin II concentrations after amiloride, whereas a significant decrease in nocturnal systolic blood pressure and increase in 24-h urine aldosterone excretion was observed in albuminuric KTRs only. There was a significant correlation between 24-h urinary albumin excretion and amiloride-induced 24-h urinary Na+ excretion. In conclusion, ENaC activity contributes to Na+ and water retention in KTRs with and without albuminuria. ENaC is a relevant pharmacological target in KTRs; however, larger and long-term studies are needed to evaluate whether the magnitude of this effect depends on the presence of albuminuria.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Amiloride has a significant natriuretic effect in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) that relates to urinary albumin excretion. The epithelial Na+ channel may be a relevant direct pharmacological target to counter Na+ retention and hypertension in KTRs. Epithelial Na+ channel blockers should be further investigated as a mean to mitigate Na+ and water retention and to potentially obtain optimal blood pressure control in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Rye Hinrichs
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus Bistrup
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Boye Lagerbon Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Toffoli B, Tonon F, Giudici F, Ferretti T, Ghirigato E, Contessa M, Francica M, Candido R, Puato M, Grillo A, Fabris B, Bernardi S. Preliminary Study on the Effect of a Night Shift on Blood Pressure and Clock Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119309. [PMID: 37298261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Night shift work has been found to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. One of the underlying mechanisms seems to be that shift work promotes hypertension, but results have been variable. This cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of internists with the aim of performing a paired analysis of 24 h blood pressure in the same physicians working a day shift and then a night shift, and a paired analysis of clock gene expression after a night of rest and a night of work. Each participant wore an ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM) twice. The first time was for a 24 h period that included a 12 h day shift (08.00-20.00) and a night of rest. The second time was for a 30 h period that included a day of rest, a night shift (20.00-08.00), and a subsequent period of rest (08.00-14.00). Subjects underwent fasting blood sampling twice: after the night of rest and after the night shift. Night shift work significantly increased night systolic blood pressure (SBP), night diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) and decreased their respective nocturnal decline. Clock gene expression increased after the night shift. There was a direct association between night blood pressure and clock gene expression. Night shifts lead to an increase in blood pressure, non-dipping status, and circadian rhythm misalignment. Blood pressure is associated with clock genes and circadian rhythm misalignement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Toffoli
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Tonon
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tommaso Ferretti
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Ghirigato
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matilde Contessa
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Morena Francica
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Candido
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- SC Patologie Diabetiche, ASUGI, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Puato
- SSD Angiologia e Fisiologia Clinica Vascolare Multidisciplinare Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Grillo
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- UCO Medicina Clinica, ASUGI Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruno Fabris
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- UCO Medicina Clinica, ASUGI Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stella Bernardi
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- UCO Medicina Clinica, ASUGI Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Johnston JG, Welch AK, Cain BD, Sayeski PP, Gumz ML, Wingo CS. Aldosterone: Renal Action and Physiological Effects. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4409-4491. [PMID: 36994769 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts profound effects on renal and cardiovascular physiology. In the kidney, aldosterone acts to preserve electrolyte and acid-base balance in response to changes in dietary sodium (Na+ ) or potassium (K+ ) intake. These physiological actions, principally through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), have important effects particularly in patients with renal and cardiovascular disease as demonstrated by multiple clinical trials. Multiple factors, be they genetic, humoral, dietary, or otherwise, can play a role in influencing the rate of aldosterone synthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Normally, aldosterone secretion and action respond to dietary Na+ intake. In the kidney, the distal nephron and collecting duct are the main targets of aldosterone and MR action, which stimulates Na+ absorption in part via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), the principal channel responsible for the fine-tuning of Na+ balance. Our understanding of the regulatory factors that allow aldosterone, via multiple signaling pathways, to function properly clearly implicates this hormone as central to many pathophysiological effects that become dysfunctional in disease states. Numerous pathologies that affect blood pressure (BP), electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health are due to abnormal secretion of aldosterone, mutations in MR, ENaC, or effectors and modulators of their action. Study of the mechanisms of these pathologies has allowed researchers and clinicians to create novel dietary and pharmacological targets to improve human health. This article covers the regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, receptors, effector molecules, and signaling pathways that modulate its action in the kidney. We also consider the role of aldosterone in disease and the benefit of mineralocorticoid antagonists. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4409-4491, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda K Welch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter P Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Zietara A, Spires DR, Juffre A, Costello HM, Crislip GR, Douma LG, Levchenko V, Dissanayake LV, Klemens CA, Nikolaienko O, Geurts AM, Gumz ML, Staruschenko A. Knockout of the Circadian Clock Protein PER1 (Period1) Exacerbates Hypertension and Increases Kidney Injury in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Hypertension 2022; 79:2519-2529. [PMID: 36093781 PMCID: PMC9669134 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms play an essential role in physiological function. The molecular clock that underlies circadian physiological function consists of a core group of transcription factors, including the protein PER1 (Period1). Studies in mice show that PER1 plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure and renal sodium handling; however, the results are dependent on the strain being studied. Using male Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats with global knockout of PER1 (SSPer1-/-), we aim to test the hypothesis that PER1 plays a key role in the regulation of salt-sensitive blood pressure. METHODS The model was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 and was characterized using radiotelemetry and measures of renal function and circadian rhythm. RESULTS SSPer1-/- rats had similar mean arterial pressure when fed a normal 0.4% NaCl diet but developed augmented hypertension after three weeks on a high-salt (4% NaCl) diet. Despite being maintained on a normal 12:12 light:dark cycle, SSPer1-/- rats exhibited desynchrony mean arterial pressure rhythms on a high-salt diet, as evidenced by increased variability in the time of peak mean arterial pressure. SSPer1-/- rats excrete less sodium after three weeks on the high-salt diet. Furthermore, SSPer1-/- rats exhibited decreased creatinine clearance, a measurement of renal function, as well as increased signs of kidney tissue damage. SSPer1-/- rats also exhibited higher plasma aldosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our findings demonstrate that loss of PER1 in Dahl SS rats causes an array of deleterious effects, including exacerbation of the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zietara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Denisha R. Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Hannah M. Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - G. Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lauren G. Douma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Lashodya V. Dissanayake
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Christine A. Klemens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Oksana Nikolaienko
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Costello HM, Johnston JG, Juffre A, Crislip GR, Gumz ML. Circadian clocks of the kidney: function, mechanism, and regulation. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1669-1701. [PMID: 35575250 PMCID: PMC9273266 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An intrinsic cellular circadian clock is located in nearly every cell of the body. The peripheral circadian clocks within the cells of the kidney contribute to the regulation of a variety of renal processes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known regarding the function, mechanism, and regulation of kidney clocks. Additionally, the effect of extrarenal physiological processes, such as endocrine and neuronal signals, on kidney function is also reviewed. Circadian rhythms in renal function are an integral part of kidney physiology, underscoring the importance of considering time of day as a key biological variable. The field of circadian renal physiology is of tremendous relevance, but with limited physiological and mechanistic information on the kidney clocks this is an area in need of extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Kayser N, Zaiser F, Veenstra AC, Wang H, Göcmen B, Eckert P, Franz H, Köttgen A, Walz G, Yakulov TA. Clock genes rescue nphp mutations in zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:4143-4158. [PMID: 35861640 PMCID: PMC9759334 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish pronephros model, using morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) to deplete target genes, has been extensively used to characterize human ciliopathy phenotypes. Recently, discrepancies between MO and genetically defined mutants have questioned this approach. We analyzed zebrafish with mutations in the nphp1-4-8 module to determine the validity of MO-based results. While MO-mediated depletion resulted in glomerular cyst and cloaca malformation, these ciliopathy-typical manifestations were observed at a much lower frequency in zebrafish embryos with defined nphp mutations. All nphp1-4-8 mutant zebrafish were viable and displayed decreased manifestations in the next (F2) generation, lacking maternal RNA contribution. While genetic compensation was further supported by the observation that nphp4-deficient mutants became partially refractory to MO-based nphp4 depletion, zebrafish embryos, lacking one nphp gene, became more sensitive to MO-based depletion of additional nphp genes. Transcriptome analysis of nphp8 mutant embryos revealed an upregulation of the circadian clock genes cry1a and cry5. MO-mediated depletion of cry1a and cry5 caused ciliopathy phenotypes in wild-type embryos, while cry1a and cry5 depletion in maternal zygotic nphp8 mutant embryos increased the frequency of glomerular cysts compared to controls. Importantly, cry1a and cry5 rescued the nephropathy-related phenotypes in nphp1, nphp4 or nphp8-depleted zebrafish embryos. Our results reveal that nphp mutant zebrafish resemble the MO-based phenotypes, albeit at a much lower frequency. Rapid adaption through upregulation of circadian clock genes seems to ameliorate the loss of nphp genes, contributing to phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Burulca Göcmen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Priska Eckert
- Renal Division, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Henriette Franz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Pestalozzistr. 20, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Toma A Yakulov
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 76127063036;
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8
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McMullan CJ, McHill AW, Hull JT, Wang W, Forman JP, Klerman EB. Sleep Restriction and Recurrent Circadian Disruption Differentially Affects Blood Pressure, Sodium Retention, and Aldosterone Secretion. Front Physiol 2022; 13:914497. [PMID: 35874530 PMCID: PMC9305384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.914497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to chronic sleep restriction (CSR) and shiftwork are both associated with incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the combination of CSR and shiftwork's rotating sleep schedule (causing recurrent circadian disruption, RCD) would increase blood pressure, renal sodium retention, potassium excretion, and aldosterone excretion. Seventeen healthy participants were studied during a 32-day inpatient protocol that included 20-h "days" with associated scheduled sleep/wake and eating behaviors. Participants were randomly assigned to restricted (1:3.3 sleep:wake, CSR group) or standard (1:2 sleep:wake, Control group) ratios of sleep:wake duration. Systolic blood pressure during circadian misalignment was ∼6% higher in CSR conditions. Renal sodium and potassium excretion showed robust circadian patterns; potassium excretion also displayed some influence of the scheduled behaviors (sleep/wake, fasting during sleep so made parallel fasting/feeding). In contrast, the timing of renal aldosterone excretion was affected predominately by scheduled behaviors. Per 20-h "day," total sodium excretion increased, and total potassium excretion decreased during RCD without a change in total aldosterone excretion. Lastly, a reduced total renal sodium excretion was found despite constant oral sodium consumption and total aldosterone excretion, suggesting a positive total body sodium balance independent of aldosterone excretion. These findings may provide mechanistic insight into the observed adverse cardiovascular and renal effects of shiftwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran J. McMullan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew W. McHill
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Andrew W. McHill,
| | - Joseph T. Hull
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John P. Forman
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Young CJ, Lyons D, Piggins HD. Circadian Influences on the Habenula and Their Potential Contribution to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:815700. [PMID: 35153695 PMCID: PMC8831701 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.815700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural circadian system consists of the master circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) communicating time of day cues to the rest of the body including other brain areas that also rhythmically express circadian clock genes. Over the past 16 years, evidence has emerged to indicate that the habenula of the epithalamus is a candidate extra-SCN circadian oscillator. When isolated from the SCN, the habenula sustains rhythms in clock gene expression and neuronal activity, with the lateral habenula expressing more robust rhythms than the adjacent medial habenula. The lateral habenula is responsive to putative SCN output factors as well as light information conveyed to the perihabenula area. Neuronal activity in the lateral habenula is altered in depression and intriguingly disruptions in circadian rhythms can elevate risk of developing mental health disorders including depression. In this review, we will principally focus on how circadian and light signals affect the lateral habenula and evaluate the possibility that alteration in these influences contribute to mental health disorders.
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10
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Tsilosani A, Gao C, Zhang W. Aldosterone-Regulated Sodium Transport and Blood Pressure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:770375. [PMID: 35197862 PMCID: PMC8859437 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.770375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone is a major mineralocorticoid steroid hormone secreted by glomerulosa cells in the adrenal cortex. It regulates a variety of physiological responses including those to oxidative stress, inflammation, fluid disruption, and abnormal blood pressure through its actions on various tissues including the kidney, heart, and the central nervous system. Aldosterone synthesis is primarily regulated by angiotensin II, K+ concentration, and adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Elevated serum aldosterone levels increase blood pressure largely by increasing Na+ re-absorption in the kidney through regulating transcription and activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). This review focuses on the signaling pathways involved in aldosterone synthesis and its effects on Na+ reabsorption through ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaki Tsilosani
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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11
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Crislip GR, Johnston JG, Douma LG, Costello HM, Juffre A, Boyd K, Li W, Maugans CC, Gutierrez-Monreal M, Esser KA, Bryant AJ, Liu AC, Gumz ML. Circadian Rhythm Effects on the Molecular Regulation of Physiological Systems. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2769-2798. [PMID: 34964116 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nearly every system within the body contains an intrinsic cellular circadian clock. The circadian clock contributes to the regulation of a variety of homeostatic processes in mammals through the regulation of gene expression. Circadian disruption of physiological systems is associated with pathophysiological disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the known circadian rhythms in physiological function. This article focuses on what is known in humans, along with discoveries made with cell and rodent models. In particular, the impact of circadian clock components in metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, immune, and central nervous systems are discussed. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-30, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren G Douma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kyla Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cheoting C Maugans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel Gutierrez-Monreal
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Soliman RH, Pollock DM. Circadian Control of Sodium and Blood Pressure Regulation. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1130-1142. [PMID: 34166494 PMCID: PMC9526808 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The attention for the control of dietary risk factors involved in the development of hypertension, includes a large effort on dietary salt restrictions. Ample studies show the beneficial role of limiting dietary sodium as a lifestyle modification in the prevention and management of essential hypertension. Not until the past decade or so have studies more specifically investigated diurnal variations in renal electrolyte excretion, which led us to the hypothesis that timing of salt intake may impact cardiovascular health and blood pressure regulation. Cell autonomous molecular clocks as the name implies, function independently to maintain optimum functional rhythmicity in the face of environmental stressors such that cellular homeostasis is maintained at all times. Our understanding of mechanisms influencing diurnal patterns of sodium excretion and blood pressure has expanded with the discovery of the circadian clock genes. In this review, we discuss what is known about circadian regulation of renal sodium handling machinery and its influence on blood pressure regulation, with timing of sodium intake as a potential modulator of the kidney clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham H Soliman
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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13
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Abstract
The Epithelial Na+ Channel, ENaC, comprised of 3 subunits (αβγ, or sometimes δβγENaC), plays a critical role in regulating salt and fluid homeostasis in the body. It regulates fluid reabsorption into the blood stream from the kidney to control blood volume and pressure, fluid absorption in the lung to control alveolar fluid clearance at birth and maintenance of normal airway surface liquid throughout life, and fluid absorption in the distal colon and other epithelial tissues. Moreover, recent studies have also revealed a role for sodium movement via ENaC in nonepithelial cells/tissues, such as endothelial cells in blood vessels and neurons. Over the past 25 years, major advances have been made in our understanding of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease. These include the recently solved three-dimensional structure of ENaC, ENaC function in various tissues, and mutations in ENaC that cause a hereditary form of hypertension (Liddle syndrome), salt-wasting hypotension (PHA1), or polymorphism in ENaC that contributes to other diseases (such as cystic fibrosis). Moreover, great strides have been made in deciphering the regulation of ENaC by hormones (e.g., the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, glucocorticoids, vasopressin), ions (e.g., Na+ ), proteins (e.g., the ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-2, the kinases SGK1, AKT, AMPK, WNKs & mTORC2, and proteases), and posttranslational modifications [e.g., (de)ubiquitylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, palmitoylation]. Characterization of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease, including using animal models, are described in this article, with a special emphasis on recent advances in the field. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-29, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rotin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olivier Staub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Xu BY, Jin Y, Ma XH, Wang CY, Guo Y, Zhou D. The potential role of mechanically sensitive ion channels in the physiology, injury, and repair of articular cartilage. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 28:2309499020950262. [PMID: 32840428 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020950262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical factors play an extremely important role in regulating the function of articular chondrocytes. Understanding the mechanical factors that drive chondrocyte biological responses is at the heart of our interpretation of cascade events leading to changes in articular cartilage osteoarthritis. The mechanism by which mechanical load is transduced into intracellular signals that can regulate chondrocyte gene expression remains largely unknown. The mechanically sensitive ion channel (MSC) may be one of its specific mechanisms. This review focuses on four ion channels involved in the mechanotransduction of chondrocytes, exploring their properties and the main factors that activate the associated pathways. The upstream and downstream potential relationships between the protein pathways were also explored. The specific biophysical mechanism of the chondrocyte mechanical microenvironment is becoming the focus of research. Elucidating the mechanotransduction mechanism of MSC is essential for the research of biophysical pathogenesis and targeted drugs in cartilage injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yang Xu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jin
- School of Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- School of Culture and Health Communication, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yu Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 1438University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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15
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Murata Y, Ueno T, Tanaka S, Kobayashi H, Okamura M, Hemmi S, Fuke Y, Matsumoto Y, Abe M, Fukuda N. Identification of Clock Genes Related to Hypertension in Kidney From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:1136-1145. [PMID: 33463674 PMCID: PMC7814221 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a diurnal variation in the blood pressure fluctuation of hypertension, and blood pressure fluctuation abnormality is considered to be an independent risk factor for organ damage including cardiovascular complications. In the current study, we tried to identify molecules responsible for blood pressure circadian rhythm formation under the control of the kidney biological clock in hypertension. METHODS DNA microarray analysis was performed in kidneys from 5-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)/Izm, stroke-prone SHR rats (SHRSP)/Izm, and Wistar Kyoto (WKY)/Izm rats. To detect variation, mouse tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1) were stimulated with dexamethasone. We performed immunostaining and western blot analysis in the renal medulla of kidney from 5-week-old WKY rats and SHRs. RESULTS We extracted 1,032 genes with E-box, a binding sequence for BMAL1 and CLOCK using a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In a microarray analysis, we identified 12 genes increased as more than 2-fold in the kidneys of SHRs and SHRSP in comparison to WKY rats. In a periodic regression analysis, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (Ppat) and fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 1 (Fxr1) showed circadian rhythm. Immunocytochemistry revealed PPAT-positivity in nuclei and cytoplasm in the tubules, and FXR1-positivity in the cytoplasm of TCMK-1. In 5-week-old WKY rat and SHR kidneys, PPAT was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the proximal and distal tubules, and FXR1 was localized to the cytoplasm of the proximal and distal tubules. CONCLUSIONS PPAT and FXR1 are pivotal molecules in the control of blood pressure circadian rhythm by the kidney in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murata
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamura
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hemmi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Fuke
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Hill AM, Crislip GR, Stowie A, Ellis I, Ramsey A, Castanon-Cervantes O, Gumz ML, Davidson AJ. Environmental circadian disruption suppresses rhythms in kidney function and accelerates excretion of renal injury markers in urine of male hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 320:F224-F233. [PMID: 33356955 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00421.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontraditional work schedules, such as shift work, have been associated with numerous health issues, including cardiovascular and metabolic disease. These work schedules can chronically misalign environmental timing cues with internal circadian clock systems in the brain and in peripheral organs, leading to dysfunction of those systems and their associated biological processes. Environmental circadian disruption in the kidney may be an important factor in the increased incidence of hypertension and adverse health outcomes in human shift workers. The relationship between renal rhythmicity and injury resilience is not well understood, especially in the context of environmental, rather than genetic, manipulations of the circadian system. We conducted a longitudinal study to determine whether chronic shifting of the light cycle that mimics shift work schedules would disrupt output rhythms of the kidney and accelerate kidney injury in salt-loaded male spontaneously hypertensive, stroke-prone rats. We observed that chronic shifting of the light-dark (LD) cycle misaligned and decreased the amplitude of urinary volume rhythms as the kidney phase-shifted to match each new lighting cycle. This schedule also accelerated glomerular and tubular injury marker excretion, as quantified by nephrin and KIM-1 compared with rats kept in a static LD cycle. These data suggest that disrupted rhythms in the kidney may decrease resilience and contribute to disease development in systems dependent on renal and cardiovascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atlantis M Hill
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adam Stowie
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ivory Ellis
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Ramsey
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Oscar Castanon-Cervantes
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alec J Davidson
- Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Douma LG, Crislip GR, Cheng KY, Barral D, Masten S, Holzworth M, Roig E, Glasford K, Beguiristain K, Li W, Bratanatawira P, Lynch IJ, Cain BD, Wingo CS, Gumz ML. Knockout of the circadian clock protein PER1 results in sex-dependent alterations of ET-1 production in mice in response to a high-salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:579-586. [PMID: 32437627 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that global knockout (KO) of the circadian clock transcription factor PER1 in male, but not female, mice fed a high-salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment (HS/DOCP) resulted in nondipping hypertension and decreased night/day ratio of sodium (Na) excretion. Additionally, we have shown that the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene is targeted by both PER1 and aldosterone. We hypothesized that ET-1 would exhibit a sex-specific response to HS/DOCP treatment in PER1 KO. Here we show that male, but not female, global PER1 KO mice exhibit a decreased night/day ratio of urinary ET-1. Gene expression analysis revealed significant genotype differences in ET-1 and endothelin A receptor (ETA) expression in male, but not female, mice in response to HS/DOCP. Additionally, both wild-type and global PER1 KO male mice significantly increase endothelin B receptor (ETB) expression in response to HS/DOCP, but female mice do not. Finally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PER1 in mouse cortical collecting duct cells (mpkCCDc14) resulted in increased ET-1 mRNA expression and peptide secretion in response to aldosterone treatment. These data suggest that PER1 is a negative regulator of ET-1 expression in response to HS/DOCP, revealing a novel mechanism for the regulation of renal Na handling in response to HS/DOCP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Douma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dominique Barral
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sarah Masten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Meaghan Holzworth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Emilio Roig
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Krystal Glasford
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin Beguiristain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Phillip Bratanatawira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,North Florida/South Georgia Malcolm Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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18
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Soliman RH, Johnston JG, Gohar EY, Taylor CM, Pollock DM. Greater natriuretic response to ENaC inhibition in male versus female Sprague-Dawley rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R418-R427. [PMID: 31913682 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genes for the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits are expressed in a circadian manner, but whether this results in time-of-day differences in activity is not known. Recent data show that protein expression of ENaC subunits is higher in kidneys from female rats, yet females are more efficient in excreting an acute salt load. Thus, our in vivo study determined whether there is a time-of-day difference as well as a sex difference in the response to ENaC inhibition by benzamil. Our results showed that the natriuretic and diuretic responses to a single dose of benzamil were significantly greater in male compared with female rats whether given at the beginning of the inactive period [Zeitgeber time 0 (ZT0), 7 AM] or active period (ZT12, 7 PM). However, the response to benzamil was not significantly different between ZT0 and ZT12 dosing in either male or female rats. There was no difference in renal cortical α-ENaC protein abundance between ZT0 and ZT12 or males and females. Given previous reports of flow-induced stimulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) production and sex differences in the renal endothelin system, we measured urinary ET-1 excretion to assess the effects of increased urine flow on intrarenal ET-1. ET-1 excretion was significantly increased following benzamil administration in both sexes, but this increase was significantly greater in females. These results support the hypothesis that ENaC activity is less prominent in maintaining Na+ balance in females independent of renal ET-1. Because ENaC subunit genes and protein expression vary by time of day and are greater in female rat kidneys, this suggests a clear disconnect between ENaC expression and channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham H Soliman
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eman Y Gohar
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Crystal M Taylor
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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19
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Abstract
Numerous physiological functions exhibit substantial circadian oscillations. In the kidneys, renal plasma flow, the glomerular filtration rate and tubular reabsorption and/or secretion processes have been shown to peak during the active phase and decline during the inactive phase. These functional rhythms are driven, at least in part, by a self-sustaining cellular mechanism termed the circadian clock. The circadian clock controls different cellular functions, including transcription, translation and protein post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitylation) and degradation. Disruption of the circadian clock in animal models results in the loss of blood pressure control and substantial changes in the circadian pattern of water and electrolyte excretion in the urine. Kidney-specific suppression of the circadian clock in animals implicates both the intrinsic renal and the extrarenal circadian clocks in these pathologies. Alterations in the circadian rhythm of renal functions are associated with the development of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, renal fibrosis and kidney stones. Furthermore, renal circadian clocks might interfere with the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of various drugs and are therefore an important consideration in the treatment of some renal diseases or disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Firsov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a brief summary about the current state of knowledge regarding the circadian rhythm in the regulation of normal renal function. RECENT FINDINGS There is a lack of information regarding how the circadian clock mechanisms may contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease. We discuss recent findings regarding mechanisms that are established in diabetic kidney disease and are known to be linked to the circadian clock as possible connections between these two areas. Here, we hypothesize various mechanisms that may provide a link between the clock mechanism and kidney disease in diabetes based on available data from humans and rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olanrewaju A Olaoye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sarah H Masten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Rajesh Mohandas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Box 100224, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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21
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Autonomic nerves and circadian control of renal function. Auton Neurosci 2019; 217:58-65. [PMID: 30704976 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and renal physiology follow strong circadian rhythms. For instance, renal excretion of solutes and water is higher during the active period compared to the inactive period, and blood pressure peaks early in the beginning of the active period of both diurnal and nocturnal animals. The control of these rhythms is largely dependent on the expression of clock genes both in the central nervous system and within peripheral organs themselves. Although it is understood that the central and peripheral clocks interact and communicate, few studies have explored the specific mechanism by which various organ systems within the body are coordinated to control physiological processes. The renal sympathetic nervous innervation has long been known to have profound effects on renal function, and because the sympathetic nervous system follows strong circadian rhythms, it is likely that autonomic control of the kidney plays an integral role in modulating renal circadian function. This review highlights studies that provide insight into this interaction, discusses areas lacking clarity, and suggests the potential for future work to explore the role of renal autonomics in areas such as blood pressure control and chronic kidney disease.
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22
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De Lavallaz L, Musso CG. Chronobiology in nephrology: the influence of circadian rhythms on renal handling of drugs and renal disease treatment. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:2221-2228. [PMID: 30324579 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-2001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronobiology studies the phenomenon of rhythmicity in living organisms. The circadian rhythms are genetically determined and regulated by external synchronizers (the daylight cycle). Several biological processes involved in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs are subjected to circadian variations. Chronopharmacology studies how biological rhythms influence pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity, and determines whether time-of-day administration modifies the pharmacological characteristics of the drug. Chronotherapy applies chronopharmacological studies to clinical treatments, determining the best biological time for dosing: when the beneficial effects are maximal and the incidence and/or intensity of related side effects and toxicity are minimal. Most water-soluble drugs or drug metabolites are eliminated by urine through the kidney. The rate of drug clearance in the urine depends on several intrinsic variables related to renal function including renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, the ability of the kidney to reabsorb or to secrete drugs, urine flow, and urine pH, which influences the degree of urine acidification. Curiously, all these variables present a circadian behavior in different mammalian models. CONCLUSION The circadian rhythms have influence in the renal physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology, and these data should be taken into account in clinical nephrology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas De Lavallaz
- Human Physiology Department, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos G Musso
- Human Physiology Department, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
The kidneys regulate many vital functions that require precise control throughout the day. These functions, such as maintaining sodium balance or regulating arterial pressure, rely on an intrinsic clock mechanism that was commonly believed to be controlled by the central nervous system. Mounting evidence in recent years has unveiled previously underappreciated depth of influence by circadian rhythms and clock genes on renal function, at the molecular and physiological level, independent of other external factors. The impact of circadian rhythms in the kidney also affects individuals from a clinical standpoint, as the loss of rhythmic activity or clock gene expression have been documented in various cardiovascular diseases. Fortunately, the prognostic value of examining circadian rhythms may prove useful in determining the progression of a kidney-related disease, and chronotherapy is a clinical intervention that requires consideration of circadian and diurnal rhythms in the kidney. In this review, we discuss evidence of circadian regulation in the kidney from basic and clinical research in order to provide a foundation on which a great deal of future research is needed to expand our understanding of circadian relevant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Douma LG, Gumz ML. Circadian clock-mediated regulation of blood pressure. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:108-114. [PMID: 29198725 PMCID: PMC5910276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most bodily functions vary over the course of a 24h day. Circadian rhythms in body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, and blood pressure (BP) are just a few examples. These circadian rhythms are controlled by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks located throughout the body. Light and food cues entrain these clocks to the time of day and this synchronicity contributes to the regulation of a variety of physiological processes with effects on overall health. The kidney, brain, nervous system, vasculature, and heart have been identified through the use of mouse models and clinical trials as peripheral clock regulators of BP. The dysregulation of this circadian pattern of BP, with or without hypertension, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The mechanism of this dysregulation is unknown and is a growing area of research. In this review, we highlight research of human and mouse circadian models that has provided insight into the roles of these molecular clocks and their effects on physiological functions. Additional tissue-specific studies of the molecular clock mechanism are needed, as well as clinical studies including more diverse populations (different races, female patients, etc.), which will be critical to fully understand the mechanism of circadian regulation of BP. Understanding how these molecular clocks regulate the circadian rhythm of BP is critical in the treatment of circadian BP dysregulation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Douma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Zhang D, Pollock DM. Circadian regulation of kidney function: finding a role for Bmal1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F675-F678. [PMID: 29357439 PMCID: PMC6031908 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00580.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that there is an internal molecular "clock" within the kidney to help maintain normal renal function. Disturbance of the kidney circadian rhythm may pose a threat to water and electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure regulation, among many other problems. The identification of circadian genes facilitated a more comprehensive appreciation of the importance of "keeping the body on time"; however, our knowledge is very limited with regard to how circadian genes regulate kidney function. In this brief review, we summarize recent progress in circadian control of renal physiology, with a particular focus on aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (Arntl1; also called Bmal1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Zhang
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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26
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Altered Circadian Timing System-Mediated Non-Dipping Pattern of Blood Pressure and Associated Cardiovascular Disorders in Metabolic and Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020400. [PMID: 29385702 PMCID: PMC5855622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morning surge in blood pressure (BP) coincides with increased cardiovascular (CV) events. This strongly suggests that an altered circadian rhythm of BP plays a crucial role in the development of CV disease (CVD). A disrupted circadian rhythm of BP, such as the non-dipping type of hypertension (i.e., absence of nocturnal BP decline), is frequently observed in metabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The circadian timing system, controlled by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and/or by peripheral clocks in the heart, vasculature, and kidneys, modulates the 24 h oscillation of BP. However, little information is available regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of an altered circadian timing system-mediated disrupted dipping pattern of BP in metabolic disorders and CKD that can lead to the development of CV events. A more thorough understanding of this pathogenesis could provide novel therapeutic strategies for the management of CVD. This short review will address our and others' recent findings on the molecular mechanisms that may affect the dipping pattern of BP in metabolic dysfunction and kidney disease and its association with CV disorders.
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Speed JS, Hyndman KA, Roth K, Heimlich JB, Kasztan M, Fox BM, Johnston JG, Becker BK, Jin C, Gamble KL, Young ME, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. High dietary sodium causes dyssynchrony of the renal molecular clock in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F89-F98. [PMID: 28971988 PMCID: PMC5866350 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00028.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Speed JS, Hyndman KA, Roth K, Heimlich JB, Kasztan M, Fox BM, Johnston JG, Becker BK, Jin C, Gamble KL, Young ME, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. High dietary sodium causes dyssynchrony of the renal molecular clock in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 314: F89-F98, 2018. First published September 27, 2017; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00028.2017.-Dyssynchrony of circadian rhythms is associated with various disorders, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The cell autonomous molecular clock maintains circadian control; however, environmental factors that may cause circadian dyssynchrony either within or between organ systems are poorly understood. Our laboratory recently reported that the endothelin (ET-1) B (ETB) receptor functions to facilitate Na+ excretion in a time of day-dependent manner. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine whether high salt (HS) intake leads to circadian dyssynchrony within the kidney and whether the renal endothelin system contributes to control of the renal molecular clock. We observed that HS feeding led to region-specific alterations in circadian clock components within the kidney. For instance, HS caused a significant 5.5-h phase delay in the peak expression of Bmal1 and suppressed Cry1 and Per2 expression in the renal inner medulla, but not the renal cortex, of control rats. The phase delay in Bmal1 expression appears to be mediated by ET-1 because this phenomenon was not observed in the ETB-deficient rat. In cultured inner medullary collecting duct cells, ET-1 suppressed Bmal1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, Bmal1 knockdown in these cells reduced epithelial Na+ channel expression. These data reveal that HS feeding leads to intrarenal circadian dyssynchrony mediated, in part, through activation of ETB receptors within the renal inner medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Speed
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kelly A Hyndman
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kaehler Roth
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brandon M Fox
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryan K Becker
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chunhua Jin
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Hara M, Minami Y, Ohashi M, Tsuchiya Y, Kusaba T, Tamagaki K, Koike N, Umemura Y, Inokawa H, Yagita K. Robust circadian clock oscillation and osmotic rhythms in inner medulla reflecting cortico-medullary osmotic gradient rhythm in rodent kidney. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7306. [PMID: 28779094 PMCID: PMC5544761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks in mammals function in most organs and tissues throughout the body. Various renal functions such as the glomerular filtration and excretion of electrolytes exhibit circadian rhythms. Although it has been reported that the expression of the clock genes composing molecular oscillators show apparent daily rhythms in rodent kidneys, functional variations of regional clocks are not yet fully understood. In this study, using macroscopic bioluminescence imaging method of the PER2::Luciferase knock-in mouse kidney, we reveal that strong and robust circadian clock oscillation is observed in the medulla. In addition, the osmotic pressure in the inner medulla shows apparent daily fluctuation, but not in the cortex. Quantitative-PCR analysis of the genes contributing to the generation of high osmotic pressure or the water re-absorption in the inner medulla, such as vasopressin receptors (V1aR, V2R), urea transporter (UT-A2) and water channel (Aqp2) show diurnal variations as well as clock genes. Deficiency of an essential clock gene Bmal1 impairs day-night variations of osmotic pressure gradient in the inner medulla, suggesting that circadian clocks in the medulla part of the kidney may regulate the circadian rhythm of cortico-medullary osmotic pressure gradient, and may contribute physiological day-night rhythm of urination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Hara
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Minami
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munehiro Ohashi
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kusaba
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tamagaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Inokawa
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Salt-induced Na+/K+-ATPase-α/β expression involves soluble adenylyl cyclase in endothelial cells. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1401-1412. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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(Pro)renin receptor contributes to regulation of renal epithelial sodium channel. J Hypertens 2016; 34:486-94; discussion 494. [PMID: 26771338 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies reported increased (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) expression during low-salt intake. We hypothesized that PRR plays a role in regulation of renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) through serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase isoform 1 (SGK-1)-neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4-2 (Nedd4-2) signaling pathway. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats on normal-sodium diet and mouse renal inner medullary collecting duct cells treated with NaCl at 130 mmol/l (normal salt), or 63 mmol/l (low salt) were studied. PRR and α-ENaC expressions were evaluated 1 week after right uninephrectomy and left renal interstitial administration of 5% dextrose, scramble shRNA, or PRR shRNA (n = 6 each treatment). RESULTS In-vivo PRR shRNA significantly reduced expressions of PRR throughout the kidney and α-ENaC subunits in the renal medulla. In inner medullary collecting duct cells, low salt or angiotensin II (Ang II) augmented the mRNA and protein expressions of PRR (P < 0.05), SGK-1 (P < 0.05), and α-ENaC (P < 0.05). Low salt or Ang II increased the phosphorylation of Nedd4-2. In cells treated with low salt or Ang II, PRR siRNA significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of PRR (P < 0.05), SGK-1 (P < 0.05), and α-ENaC expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that PRR contributes to the regulation of α-ENaC via SGK-1-Nedd4-2 signaling pathway.
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Johnston JG, Speed JS, Jin C, Pollock DM. Loss of endothelin B receptor function impairs sodium excretion in a time- and sex-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F991-F998. [PMID: 27582096 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00103.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested a direct link between circadian rhythms and regulation of sodium excretion. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) regulates sodium balance by promoting natriuresis through the endothelin B receptor (ETB) in response to increased salt in the diet, but the effect that the time of day has on this natriuretic response is not known. Therefore, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that ETB receptor activation contributes to the diurnal control of sodium excretion and that sex differences contribute to this control as well. Twelve-hour urine collections were used to measure sodium excretion. On day 3 of the experiment, a NaCl load (900 μeq) was given by oral gavage either at Zeitgeber time [ZT] 0 (inactive period) or ZT12 (active period) to examine the natriuretic response to the acute salt load. Male and female ETB-deficient (ETB def) rats showed an impaired natriuretic response to a salt load at ZT0 compared with their respective transgenic controls (Tg cont). Male ETB def rats showed a delayed natriuretic response to a salt load given at ZT12 compared with male Tg cont, a contrast to the prompt response shown by female ETB def rats. Treatment with ABT-627, an ETA receptor antagonist, improved the natriuretic response seen within the first 12 h of a ZT0 salt load in both sexes. These findings demonstrate that diurnal excretion of an acute salt load 1) requires ET-1 and the ETB receptor, 2) is more evident in male vs. female rats, and 3) is opposed by the ETA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joshua S Speed
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chunhua Jin
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Kudo T, Block GD, Colwell CS. The Circadian Clock Gene Period1 Connects the Molecular Clock to Neural Activity in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/6/1759091415610761. [PMID: 26553726 PMCID: PMC4710129 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415610761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural activity patterns of suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons are dynamically regulated throughout the circadian cycle with highest levels of spontaneous action potentials during the day. These rhythms in electrical activity are critical for the function of the circadian timing system and yet the mechanisms by which the molecular clockwork drives changes in the membrane are not well understood. In this study, we sought to examine how the clock gene Period1 (Per1) regulates the electrical activity in the mouse SCN by transiently and selectively decreasing levels of PER1 through use of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. We found that this treatment effectively reduced SCN neural activity. Direct current injection to restore the normal membrane potential partially, but not completely, returned firing rate to normal levels. The antisense treatment also reduced baseline [Ca2+]i levels as measured by Fura2 imaging technique. Whole cell patch clamp recording techniques were used to examine which specific potassium currents were altered by the treatment. These recordings revealed that the large conductance [Ca2+]i-activated potassium currents were reduced in antisense-treated neurons and that blocking this current mimicked the effects of the anti-sense on SCN firing rate. These results indicate that the circadian clock gene Per1 alters firing rate in SCN neurons and raise the possibility that the large conductance [Ca2+]i-activated channel is one of the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kudo
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene D Block
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Aldosterone-induced expression of ENaC-α is associated with activity of p65/p50 in renal epithelial cells. J Nephrol 2015; 30:73-79. [PMID: 26385798 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-015-0231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), located in the apical membrane in the cortical collecting duct of the kidney, mediates the fine-tuned regulation of external Na+ balance. Expression of the alpha-subunit of ENaC (ENaC-α) is regulated by a number of factors in the lung, including transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). In the present study, we examined the effect of IKKβ/p65/p50 on ENaC-α in a murine cortical collecting duct cell line that endogenously expresses ENaC, mpkCCDc14 (CCD) cells. Aldosterone exposure led to up-regulation of ENaC-α and IKKβ, and nuclear p65 and p50. Knockdown of IKKβ or p65 exhibited >60 % reduction of aldosterone-induced ENaC-α mRNA levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated a specific interaction between p65/p50 and ENaC-α gene promoter, which was further confirmed using luciferase reporter-gene vectors transiently transfected into CCD cells. Taken together these data support an important role for p65/p50 in the direct regulation of ENaC-α transcription and have important implications for understanding the role of NF-κB in the regulation of renal function.
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Solocinski K, Richards J, All S, Cheng KY, Khundmiri SJ, Gumz ML. Transcriptional regulation of NHE3 and SGLT1 by the circadian clock protein Per1 in proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F933-42. [PMID: 26377793 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00197.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the circadian clock protein period (Per)1 coordinately regulates multiple genes involved in Na(+) reabsorption in renal collecting duct cells. Consistent with these results, Per1 knockout mice exhibit dramatically lower blood pressure than wild-type mice. The proximal tubule is responsible for a majority of Na(+) reabsorption. Previous work has demonstrated that expression of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) oscillates with a circadian pattern and Na(+)-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 has been demonstrated to be a circadian target in the colon, but whether these target genes are regulated by Per1 has not been investigated in the kidney. The goal of the present study was to determine if Per1 regulates the expression of NHE3, SGLT1, and SGLT2 in the kidney. Pharmacological blockade of nuclear Per1 entry resulted in decreased mRNA expression of SGLT1 and NHE3 but not SGLT2 in the renal cortex of mice. Per1 small interfering RNA and pharmacological blockade of Per1 nuclear entry in human proximal tubule HK-2 cells yielded the same results. Examination of heterogeneous nuclear RNA suggested that the effects of Per1 on NHE3 and SGLT1 expression occurred at the level of transcription. Per1 and the circadian protein CLOCK were detected at promoters of NHE3 and SGLT1. Importantly, both membrane and intracellular protein levels of NHE3 and SGLT1 were decreased after blockade of nuclear Per1 entry. This effect was associated with reduced activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. These data demonstrate a role for Per1 in the transcriptional regulation of NHE3 and SGLT1 in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Solocinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Jacob Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Sean All
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Syed J Khundmiri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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Abstract
The circadian clock plays an integral role in the regulation of physiological processes, including the regulation of blood pressure. However, deregulation of the clock can lead to pathophysiological states including hypertension. Recent work has implicated the circadian clock genes in the regulation of processes in the heart, kidney, vasculature, and the metabolic organs, which are all critical in the regulation of the blood pressure. The goal of this review is to provide an introduction and general overview into the role of circadian clock genes in the regulation of blood pressure with a focus on their deregulation in the etiology of hypertension. This review will focus on the core circadian clock genes CLOCK, BMAL1, Per, and Cry.
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Abstract
The amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is a key player in the regulation of Na(+) homeostasis. Its functional activity is under continuous control by a variety of signaling molecules, including bioactive peptides of endothelin family. Since ENaC dysfunction is causative for disturbances in total body Na(+) levels associated with the abnormal regulation of blood volume, blood pressure, and lung fluid balance, uncovering the molecular mechanisms of inhibitory modulation or inappropriate activation of ENaC is crucial for the successful treatment of a variety of human diseases including hypertension. The precise regulation of ENaC is particularly important for normal Na(+) and fluid homeostasis in organs where endothelins are known to act: the kidneys, lung, and colon. Inhibition of ENaC by endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been established in renal cells, and several molecular mechanisms of inhibition of ENaC by ET-1 are proposed and will be reviewed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Sorokin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Abstract
Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH), defined as uncontrolled blood pressure using 3 or more antihypertensive medications or controlled using 4 or more antihypertensive medications, affects approximately 30% of uncontrolled and 12% of controlled blood pressure (BP) patients. aTRH is used when pseudoresistance cannot be excluded (eg, BP measurement artifacts, mainly office resistance, suboptimal adherence, suboptimal treatment regimens, and true TRH). True TRH comprises approximately 30% to 50% of TRH. Patients with TRH have a high prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, sleep apnea, and volume expansion. Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, is an important contributor to TRH, with primary aldosteronism present in approximately 20% of patients. Spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist, as a fourth-line agent, decreases BP 20 to 25/10 to 12 mm Hg in TRH patients with and without primary aldosteronism. The BP response to spironolactone is roughly double that of other classes of antihypertensive medications in TRH. Although approximately 70% of patients with uncontrolled TRH have estimated glomerular filtration rate of 50 or greater and a serum potassium level of 4.5 or less, which are associated with a low risk for hyperkalemia, only a small percentage receive a mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist. This review examines the clinical epidemiology and pharmacotherapy of controlled and uncontrolled hypertension with an emphasis on aTRH, the role of aldosterone in blood pressure regulation, and the potential benefits of mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist in uncontrolled TRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Egan
- Department of Medicine, Care Coordination Institute, Greenville Health System, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC
| | - Jiexiang Li
- Department of Mathematics, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC
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38
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Abstract
It has been known for decades that urinary potassium excretion varies with a circadian pattern. In this review, we consider the historical evidence for this phenomenon and present an overview of recent developments in the field. Extensive evidence from the latter part of the past century clearly shows that circadian potassium excretion does not depend on endogenous aldosterone. Of note is the recent discovery that the expression of several renal potassium transporters varies with a circadian pattern that appears to be consistent with substantial clinical data regarding daily fluctuations in urinary potassium levels. We propose the circadian clock mechanism as a key regulator of renal potassium transporters, and consequently renal potassium excretion. Further investigation into the regulation mechanism of renal potassium transport by the circadian clock is warranted to increase our understanding of the clinical relevance of circadian rhythms to potassium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Richards J, Ko B, All S, Cheng KY, Hoover RS, Gumz ML. A role for the circadian clock protein Per1 in the regulation of the NaCl co-transporter (NCC) and the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) cascade in mouse distal convoluted tubule cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11791-11806. [PMID: 24610784 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.531095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that blood pressure and renal function undergo circadian fluctuations. We have demonstrated that the circadian protein Per1 regulates multiple genes involved in sodium transport in the collecting duct of the kidney. However, the role of Per1 in other parts of the nephron has not been investigated. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) plays a critical role in renal sodium reabsorption. Sodium is reabsorbed in this segment through the actions of the NaCl co-transporter (NCC), which is regulated by the with-no-lysine kinases (WNKs). The goal of this study was to test if Per1 regulates sodium transport in the DCT through modulation of NCC and the WNK kinases, WNK1 and WNK4. Pharmacological blockade of nuclear Per1 entry resulted in decreased mRNA expression of NCC and WNK1 but increased expression of WNK4 in the renal cortex of mice. These findings were confirmed by using Per1 siRNA and pharmacological blockade of Per1 nuclear entry in mDCT15 cells, a model of the mouse distal convoluted tubule. Transcriptional regulation was demonstrated by changes in short lived heterogeneous nuclear RNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated interaction of Per1 and CLOCK with the promoters of NCC, WNK1, and WNK4. This interaction was modulated by blockade of Per1 nuclear entry. Importantly, NCC protein expression and NCC activity, as measured by thiazide-sensitive, chloride-dependent (22)Na uptake, were decreased upon pharmacological inhibition of Per1 nuclear entry. Taken together, these data demonstrate a role for Per1 in the transcriptional regulation of NCC, WNK1, and WNK4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Richards
- Departments of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Benjamin Ko
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Sean All
- Departments of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Departments of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Robert S Hoover
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Research Service, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30033
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Departments of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610.
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Büsst CJ. Blood pressure regulation via the epithelial sodium channel: from gene to kidney and beyond. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 40:495-503. [PMID: 23710770 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) has long been recognized as playing a vital role in blood pressure (BP) regulation due to its involvement in fluid balance. The genes encoding the three ENaC subunits are likewise important contributors to hypertension, both in rare monogenic diseases and in the general population. The unusually high numbers of genetic variants associated with complex traits, including BP, that are located in non-coding areas suggest an involvement of these variants in regulatory functions. This may involve differential regulation of expression in different tissues. Emerging evidence indicates that the ENaC plays an important role in BP determination not only via its actions in the kidney, but also in other tissues commonly involved in BP regulation. The ENaC in the central nervous system is proposed to regulate BP via sympathetic nervous system activity. Recent evidence suggests that the ENaC contributes to vascular function and the myogenic response. Additional roles potentially include initiation of the baroreceptor reflex via ENaC in the baroreceptors and driving high salt intake with a 'taste for salt' via ENaC in the tongue. The present review describes the involvement of the ENaC in the determination of BP at a genetic and physiological level, detailing recent evidence for its role in the kidney and in other pertinent tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Büsst
- Departments of Physiology, The University of Melbourne and Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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Sattari M, Kazory A. Could the pattern of water consumption alter its potential medicinal effects? Kidney Int 2014; 85:478. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Physical and functional interaction of Rnf2 with Af9 regulates basal and aldosterone-stimulated transcription of the α-ENaC gene in a renal collecting duct cell line. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20130086. [PMID: 24070375 PMCID: PMC3979232 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical and functional interaction of Rnf2 (RING finger protein 2), a central component of the PRC (Polycomb repressive complex) 1 and Af9 (ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 9 protein), an aldosterone-sensitive transcription factor, in regulating basal and aldosterone-stimulated transcription of the α-ENaC (epithelial Na+ channel α-subunit) gene was explored in mIMCD3 CD (collecting duct) cells. Since Rnf2 lacks DNA-specific binding activity, other factors must mediate its site-specific chromatin recruitment. Rnf2 and Af9 co-localized in the nucleus and co-immunoprecipitated. A GST (glutathione transferase)-Af9 carboxy-terminal fusion protein directly interacted with in vitro translated Rnf2 in GST pull-down assays. Rnf2 knock down enhanced basal and aldosterone-stimulated α-ENaC mRNA levels and α-ENaC promoter activity. ChIP/QPCR (chromatin immunoprecipitation/quantitative PCR) assays demonstrated enrichment of Rnf2, H2AK119 (mono-ubiquitinated histone H2A lysine 119), and H3K27me3 (histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylated), a PRC2 chromatin mark, at multiple α-ENaC promoter subregions corresponding to regions of known Af9 enrichment, under basal conditions. Sequential ChIP confirmed Rnf2-Af9 co-occupancy of the α-ENaC promoter. Aldosterone provoked early and sustained depletion of Rnf2, ubiquitinated H2AK119, and trimethylated H3K27 associated with the subregions of the α-ENaC promoter. Thus, Af9 mediates site-selective physical and functional recruitment of Rnf2 to the α-ENaC promoter to constrain basal α-ENaC transcription in collecting duct cells, and aldosterone reverses this process.
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Richards J, Cheng KY, All S, Skopis G, Jeffers L, Lynch IJ, Wingo CS, Gumz ML. A role for the circadian clock protein Per1 in the regulation of aldosterone levels and renal Na+ retention. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1697-704. [PMID: 24154698 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00472.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock plays an important role in the regulation of physiological processes, including renal function and blood pressure. We have previously shown that the circadian protein period (Per)1 regulates the expression of multiple Na(+) transport genes in the collecting duct, including the α-subunit of the renal epithelial Na(+) channel. Consistent with this finding, Per1 knockout mice exhibit dramatically lower blood pressure than wild-type mice. We have also recently demonstrated the potential opposing actions of cryptochrome (Cry)2 on Per1 target genes. Recent work by others has demonstrated that Cry1/2 regulates aldosterone production through increased expression of the adrenal gland-specific rate-limiting enzyme 3β-dehydrogenase isomerase (3β-HSD). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that Per1 plays a role in the regulation of aldosterone levels and renal Na(+) retention. Using RNA silencing and pharmacological blockade of Per1 nuclear entry in the NCI-H295R human adrenal cell line, we showed that Per1 regulates 3β-HSD expression in vitro. These results were confirmed in vivo: mice with reduced levels of Per1 had decreased levels of plasma aldosterone and decreased mRNA expression of 3β-HSD. We postulated that mice with reduced Per1 would have a renal Na(+)-retaining defect. Indeed, metabolic cage experiments demonstrated that Per1 heterozygotes excreted more urinary Na(+) compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that Per1 regulates aldosterone levels and that Per1 plays an integral role in the regulation of Na(+) retention.
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Richards J, Jeffers LA, All SC, Cheng KY, Gumz ML. Role of Per1 and the mineralocorticoid receptor in the coordinate regulation of αENaC in renal cortical collecting duct cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:253. [PMID: 24062694 PMCID: PMC3775537 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal function and blood pressure (BP) exhibit a circadian pattern of variation, but the molecular mechanism underlying this circadian regulation is not fully understood. We have previously shown that the circadian clock protein Per1 positively regulates the basal and aldosterone-mediated expression of the alpha subunit of the renal epithelial sodium channel (αENaC). The mechanism of this regulation has not been determined however. To further elucidate the mechanism of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and Per1 action, site-directed mutagenesis, DNA pull-down assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) methods were used to investigate the coordinate regulation of αENaC by Per1 and MR. Mutation of two circadian response E-boxes in the human αENaC promoter abolished both basal and aldosterone-mediated promoter activity. DNA pull down assays demonstrated the interaction of both MR and Per1 with the E-boxes from the αENaC promoter. These observations were corroborated by ChIP experiments showing increased occupancy of MR and Per1 on an E-box of the αENaC promoter in the presence of aldosterone. This is the first report of an aldosterone-mediated increase in Per1 on a target gene promoter. Taken together, these results demonstrate the novel finding that Per1 and MR mediate the aldosterone response of αENaC through DNA/protein interaction in renal collecting duct cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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Feinstein TN, Yui N, Webber MJ, Wehbi VL, Stevenson HP, King JD, Hallows KR, Brown D, Bouley R, Vilardaga JP. Noncanonical control of vasopressin receptor type 2 signaling by retromer and arrestin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27849-60. [PMID: 23935101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) is a critical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for vertebrate physiology, including the balance of water and sodium ions. It is unclear how its two native hormones, vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT), both stimulate the same cAMP/PKA pathway yet produce divergent antinatriuretic and antidiuretic effects that are either strong (VP) or weak (OT). Here, we present a new mechanism that differentiates the action of VP and OT on V2R signaling. We found that vasopressin, as opposed to OT, continued to generate cAMP and promote PKA activation for prolonged periods after ligand washout and receptor internalization in endosomes. Contrary to the classical model of arrestin-mediated GPCR desensitization, arrestins bind the VP-V2R complex yet extend rather than shorten the generation of cAMP. Signaling is instead turned off by the endosomal retromer complex. We propose that this mechanism explains how VP sustains water and Na(+) transport in renal collecting duct cells. Together with recent work on the parathyroid hormone receptor, these data support the existence of a novel "noncanonical" regulatory pathway for GPCR activation and response termination, via the sequential action of β-arrestin and the retromer complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Feinstein
- From the Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Bonny O, Vinciguerra M, Gumz ML, Mazzoccoli G. Molecular bases of circadian rhythmicity in renal physiology and pathology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:2421-31. [PMID: 23901050 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological processes that maintain body homeostasis oscillate during the day. Diurnal changes characterize kidney functions, comprising regulation of hydro-electrolytic and acid-base balance, reabsorption of small solutes and hormone production. Renal physiology is characterized by 24-h periodicity and contributes to circadian variability of blood pressure levels, related as well to nychthemeral changes of sodium sensitivity, physical activity, vascular tone, autonomic function and neurotransmitter release from sympathetic innervations. The circadian rhythmicity of body physiology is driven by central and peripheral biological clockworks and entrained by the geophysical light/dark cycle. Chronodisruption, defined as the mismatch between environmental-social cues and physiological-behavioral patterns, causes internal desynchronization of periodic functions, leading to pathophysiological mechanisms underlying degenerative, immune related, metabolic and neoplastic diseases. In this review we will address the genetic, molecular and anatomical elements that hardwire circadian rhythmicity in renal physiology and subtend disarray of time-dependent changes in renal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bonny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Richards J, All S, Skopis G, Cheng KY, Compton B, Srialluri N, Stow L, Jeffers LA, Gumz ML. Opposing actions of Per1 and Cry2 in the regulation of Per1 target gene expression in the liver and kidney. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R735-47. [PMID: 23824961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00195.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the circadian clock plays an integral role in the regulation of many physiological processes including blood pressure, renal function, and metabolism. The canonical molecular clock functions via activation of circadian target genes by Clock/Bmal1 and repression of Clock/Bmal1 activity by Per1-3 and Cry1/2. However, we have previously shown that Per1 activates genes important for renal sodium reabsorption, which contradicts the canonical role of Per1 as a repressor. Moreover, Per1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit a lowered blood pressure and heavier body weight phenotype similar to Clock KO mice, and opposite that of Cry1/2 KO mice. Recent work has highlighted the potential role of Per1 in repression of Cry2. Therefore, we postulated that Per1 potentially activates target genes through a Cry2-Clock/Bmal1-dependent mechanism, in which Per1 antagonizes Cry2, preventing its repression of Clock/Bmal1. This hypothesis was tested in vitro and in vivo. The Per1 target genes αENaC and Fxyd5 were identified as Clock targets in mpkCCDc14 cells, a model of the renal cortical collecting duct. We identified PPARα and DEC1 as novel Per1 targets in the mouse hepatocyte cell line, AML12, and in the liver in vivo. Per1 knockdown resulted in upregulation of Cry2 in vitro, and this result was confirmed in vivo in mice with reduced expression of Per1. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cry2 and Per1 demonstrated opposing actions for Cry2 and Per1 on Per1 target genes, supporting the potential Cry2-Clock/Bmal1-dependent mechanism underlying Per1 action in the liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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Circadian regulation of renal function and potential role in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2013; 22:439-44. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e32836213b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yu Z, Kong Q, Kone BC. Sp1 trans-activates and is required for maximal aldosterone induction of the αENaC gene in collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F653-62. [PMID: 23804453 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00177.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in the distal nephron constitutes the rate-limiting step for renal sodium reabsorption. Aldosterone increases tubular sodium absorption in large part by increasing αENaC transcription in collecting duct principal cells. We previously reported that Af9 binds to +78/+92 of αENaC and recruits Dot1a to repress basal and aldosterone-sensitive αENaC transcription in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD)3 cells. Despite this epigenetic repression, basal αENaC transcription is still evident and physiologically necessary, indicating basal operation of positive regulators. In the present study, we identified Sp1 as one such regulator. Gel shift and antibody competition assays using a +208/+240 probe revealed DNA-Sp1-containing complexes in mIMCD3 cells. Mutation of the +222/+229 element abrogated Sp1 binding in vitro and in promoter-reporter constructs stably expressed in mIMCD3 cells. Compared with the wild-type promoter, an αENaC promoter-luciferase construct with +222/+229 mutations exhibited much lower activity and impaired trans-activation in Sp1 overexpression experiments. Conversely, Sp1 knockdown inhibited endogenous αENaC mRNA and the activity of the wild-type αENaC promoter but not the mutated construct. Aldosterone triggered Sp1 recruitment to the αENaC promoter, which was required for maximal induction of αENaC promoter activity and was blocked by spironolactone. Sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and functional tests of +78/+92 and +222/+229 αENaC promoter mutants indicated that while Sp1, Dot1a, and Af9 co-occupy the αENaC promoter, the Sp1 effects are functionally independent from Dot1a and Af9. In summary, Sp1 binding to a cis-element at +222/+229 represents the first identified constitutive driver of αENaC transcription, and it contributes to maximal aldosterone trans-activation of αENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yu
- Div. of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The Univ. of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 5.124, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, renal collecting duct-specific endothelin-1 (ET1), endothelin A (ETA) and endothelin B (ETB) receptors as well as nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) knockout mice have been developed with subsequent identification for an integral role in regulation of sodium water homeostasis and ultimately blood pressure. The focus of this review is to integrate these models and to propose a scheme for the control of sodium excretion by the collecting duct and the endothelin/ETB/NOS system. RECENT FINDINGS NOS1 splice variants are expressed in the kidney, especially in the collecting duct. Mice express predominantly NOS1β in the medulla, with NOS1α and NOS1β in the cortex, whereas rats express NOS1α and NOS1β in both the cortex and medulla. Novel transcription of collecting duct ET1 mediated by epithelial sodium channels, mitochondrial Na/Ca exchangers and glucocorticoids has been determined. ET1 via the ETB receptor increases nitric oxide production in both rat and mouse collecting ducts, suggesting that NOS1β is linked to ET1-dependent NOS activation in the kidney. As well, genetic deletion of NOS1 splice variants in the collecting duct results in a salt-sensitive hypertensive phenotype in mice, much like the collecting duct ET1 and collecting duct ETB knockout mice. SUMMARY In the collecting duct, the ET1/nitric oxide pathways are intimately linked, and deletion of collecting duct ET1, ETB receptor or NOS1β results in a salt-sensitive phenotype, which is at least partially dependent on dysregulation of sodium and water reabsorption.
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