1
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Su H, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ, Reid GE, Vella LJ. Exploring the significance of lipids in Alzheimer's disease and the potential of extracellular vesicles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300063. [PMID: 37654087 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a significant role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) structure and function, and the dysregulation of lipid metabolism is known to occur in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Here we review what is currently known about lipid dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's disease. We propose that small extracellular vesicle (sEV) lipids may provide insight into the pathophysiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease. This stems from the recognition that sEV likely contributes to disease pathogenesis, but also an understanding that sEV can serve as a source of potential biomarkers. While the protein and RNA content of sEV in the CNS diseases have been studied extensively, our understanding of the lipidome of sEV in the CNS is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Su
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- The Florey, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Deng F, Zhao F, Wang W, Liu S, Wang Y. Serum lipidomics reveal the mechanism of memory disorder improvement by Qifu decoction. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4663-4673. [PMID: 37668283 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory disorder (MD) is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously affects the quality of life of the elderly in China. It is characterized by cognitive deficits and psychiatric symptoms. In addition to oxidative damage, neurotransmitter disorders, and other factors, Ca2+ homeostasis and lipid metabolism are among the major pathways of MD etiology. Studies have shown that Ca2+ influx, causing Ca2+ overload, leads to neuronal apoptosis and alterations in lipid metabolites at all MD stages. Qifu decoction (QFD) is one of the classic compounds for the traditional treatment of dementia, which has been shown to significantly improve MD caused by dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). So far, it is not clear whether QFD can regulate Ca2+ homeostasis and lipids to improve MD. In this study, we developed a scopolamine hydrobromide MD mouse model and performed neurobehavioral experiments and examinations of brain tissue pathology, Ca2+ homeostasis-related factor levels, and non-targeted lipidomics to explore the mechanism of QFD action in improving MD. The results showed that four weeks of intragastric administration of QFD resulted in significant increases in the cognitive ability and spatial memory ability of the mice with MD. Furthermore, the damage to nerve cells was reduced, the levels of Ca2+ and CaM in the serum were decreased, whereas the content of CaMKII was increased, and the Ca2+ homeostasis was regulated. Non-targeted lipidomics detected four lipid subclasses and 17 potential differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that QFD significantly regulated sphingolipid metabolism and improved MD. In summary, QFD improves scopolamine hydrobromide memory impairment in mice by regulating the Ca2+ signaling pathway and sphingolipid metabolism. This study provides new insights into the beneficial mechanism of QFD on MD from the perspective of lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanying Deng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Fuxia Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Schools of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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3
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Sarmento MJ, Llorente A, Petan T, Khnykin D, Popa I, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Jaganjac M. The expanding organelle lipidomes: current knowledge and challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:237. [PMID: 37530856 PMCID: PMC10397142 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipids in cell membranes and subcellular compartments play essential roles in numerous cellular processes, such as energy production, cell signaling and inflammation. A specific organelle lipidome is characterized by lipid synthesis and metabolism, intracellular trafficking, and lipid homeostasis in the organelle. Over the years, considerable effort has been directed to the identification of the lipid fingerprints of cellular organelles. However, these fingerprints are not fully characterized due to the large variety and structural complexity of lipids and the great variability in the abundance of different lipid species. The process becomes even more challenging when considering that the lipidome differs in health and disease contexts. This review summarizes the information available on the lipid composition of mammalian cell organelles, particularly the lipidome of the nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane and organelles in the endocytic pathway. The lipid compositions of extracellular vesicles and lamellar bodies are also described. In addition, several examples of subcellular lipidome dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions are presented. Finally, challenges in mapping organelle lipidomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Sarmento
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iuliana Popa
- Pharmacy Department, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, University Paris-Saclay, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France
| | | | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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4
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Skoug C, Martinsson I, Gouras GK, Meissner A, Duarte JMN. Sphingosine 1-Phoshpate Receptors are Located in Synapses and Control Spontaneous Activity of Mouse Neurons in Culture. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3114-3125. [PMID: 35781853 PMCID: PMC9470655 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is best known for its roles as vascular and immune regulator. Besides, it is also present in the central nervous system (CNS) where it can act as neuromodulator via five S1P receptors (S1PRs), and thus control neurotransmitter release. The distribution of S1PRs in the active zone and postsynaptic density of CNS synapses remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the localization of S1PR1-5 in synapses of the mouse cortex. Cortical nerve terminals purified in a sucrose gradient were endowed with all five S1PRs. Further subcellular fractionation of cortical nerve terminals revealed S1PR2 and S1PR4 immunoreactivity in the active zone of presynaptic nerve terminals. Interestingly, only S1PR2 and S1PR3 immunoreactivity was found in the postsynaptic density. All receptors were present outside the active zone of nerve terminals. Neurons in the mouse cortex and primary neurons in culture showed immunoreactivity against all five S1PRs, and Ca2+ imaging revealed that S1P inhibits spontaneous neuronal activity in a dose-dependent fashion. When testing selective agonists for each of the receptors, we found that only S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR4 control spontaneous neuronal activity. We conclude that S1PR2 and S1PR4 are located in the active zone of nerve terminals and inhibit neuronal activity. Future studies need to test whether these receptors modulate stimulation-induced neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Skoug
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anja Meissner
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Physiology, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - João M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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5
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Chen Z, Haider A, Chen J, Xiao Z, Gobbi L, Honer M, Grether U, Arnold SE, Josephson L, Liang SH. The Repertoire of Small-Molecule PET Probes for Neuroinflammation Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities beyond TSPO. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17656-17689. [PMID: 34905377 PMCID: PMC9094091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an adaptive response of the central nervous system to diverse potentially injurious stimuli, which is closely associated with neurodegeneration and typically characterized by activation of microglia and astrocytes. As a noninvasive and translational molecular imaging tool, positron emission tomography (PET) could provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation and its role in neurodegenerative diseases. Ligands to translator protein (TSPO), a putative marker of neuroinflammation, have been the most commonly studied in this context, but they suffer from serious limitations. Herein we present a repertoire of different structural chemotypes and novel PET ligand design for classical and emerging neuroinflammatory targets beyond TSPO. We believe that this Perspective will support multidisciplinary collaborations in academic and industrial institutions working on neuroinflammation and facilitate the progress of neuroinflammation PET probe development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Neurology and the Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
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6
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Ramírez-Nuñez O, Jové M, Torres P, Sol J, Fontdevila L, Romero-Guevara R, Andrés-Benito P, Ayala V, Rossi C, Boada J, Povedano M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R, Portero-Otin M. Nuclear lipidome is altered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A pilot study. J Neurochem 2021; 158:482-499. [PMID: 33905537 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleocytosolic transport, a membrane process, is impaired in motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study analyzes the nuclear lipidome in motor neurons in ALS and examines molecular pathways linked to the major lipid alterations. Nuclei were obtained from the frozen anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cord of ALS patients and age-matched controls. Lipidomic profiles of this subcellular fraction were obtained using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. We validated the mechanisms behind presumable lipidomic changes by exploring ALS surrogate models including human motor neurons (derived from ALS lines and controls) subjected to oxidative stress, the hSOD-G93A transgenic mice, and samples from an independent cohort of ALS patients. Among the differential lipid species, we noted 41 potential identities, mostly belonging to phospholipids (particularly ether phospholipids, as plasmalogens), as well as diacylglycerols and triacylglycerides. Decreased expression of alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase (AGPS)-a critical peroxisomal enzyme in plasmalogen synthesis-is found in motor neuron disease models; this occurs in parallel with an increase in the expression of sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) mRNA in ALS and Scp2 levels in G93A transgenic mice. Further, we identified diminished expression of diacylglycerol-related enzymes, such as phospholipase C βI (PLCβI) and protein kinase CβII (PKCβII), linked to diacylglycerol metabolism. Finally, lipid droplets were recognized in the nuclei, supporting the identification of triacylglycerides as differential lipids. Our results point to the potentially pathogenic role of altered composition of nuclear membrane lipids and lipids in the nucleoplasm in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in ALS. Overall, these data support the usefulness of subcellular lipidomics applied to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramírez-Nuñez
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Pascual Torres
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Sol
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain.,Institut Català de la Salut, Lleida, Spain.,Research Support Unit Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Lleida, Spain
| | - Laia Fontdevila
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Departament of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victòria Ayala
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Boada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mònica Povedano
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Departament of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, IRBLleida-UdL, Lleida, Spain
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7
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Phan K, He Y, Pickford R, Bhatia S, Katzeff JS, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Uncovering pathophysiological changes in frontotemporal dementia using serum lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3640. [PMID: 32107421 PMCID: PMC7046653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood serum is enriched in lipids and has provided a platform to understand the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases with improved diagnosis and development of biomarkers. Understanding lipid changes in neurodegenerative diseases is particularly important because of the fact that lipids make up >50% of brain tissues. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of early onset dementia, characterized by brain atrophy in the frontal and temporal regions, concomitant loss of lipids and dyslipidemia. However, little is known about the link between dyslipidemia and FTD pathophysiology. Here, we utilized an innovative approach – lipidomics based on mass spectrometry – to investigate three key aspects of FTD pathophysiology – mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We analyzed the lipids that are intrinsically linked to neurodegeneration in serum collected from FTD patients and controls. We found that cardiolipin, acylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine, platelet-activating factor, o-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acid and acrolein were specifically altered in FTD with strong correlation between the lipids, signifying pathophysiological changes in FTD. The lipid changes were verified by measurement of the common disease markers (e.g. ATP, cytokine, calcium) using conventional assays. When put together, these results support the use of lipidomics technology to detect pathophysiological changes in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Phan
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying He
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Surabhi Bhatia
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared S Katzeff
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Interaction of Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 with Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2: Functional Impact on the Sphingomyelin Pathway. Neuroscience 2020; 427:1-15. [PMID: 31765623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release is mediated by ceramide, which is generated by sphingomyelin hydrolysis. In the present study, we examined whether synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) is involved in ceramide production and exocytosis. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) was partially purified from bovine brain and we found that SNAP-25 was enriched in the nSMase2-containing fractions. In rat synaptosomes and PC12 cells, the immunoprecipitation pellet of anti-SNAP-25 antibody showed higher nSMase activity than the immunoprecipitation pellet of anti-nSMase2 antibody. In PC12 cells, SNAP-25 was colocalized with nSMase2. Transfection of SNAP-25 small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly inhibited nSMase2 translocation to the plasma membrane. A23187-induced ceramide production was concomitantly reduced in SNAP-25 siRNA-transfected PC12 cells compared with that in scrambled siRNA-transfected cells. Moreover, transfection of SNAP-25 siRNA inhibited dopamine release, whereas addition of C6-ceramide to the siRNA-treated cells moderately reversed this inhibition. Additionally, nSMase2 inhibition reduced dopamine release. Collectively, our results indicate that SNAP-25 interacts with nSMase2 during ceramide production, which mediates exocytosis and neurotransmitter release.
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9
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Xu Y. Targeting Lysophosphatidic Acid in Cancer: The Issues in Moving from Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101523. [PMID: 31658655 PMCID: PMC6826372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the clear demonstration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)'s pathological roles in cancer in the mid-1990s, more than 1000 papers relating LPA to various types of cancer were published. Through these studies, LPA was established as a target for cancer. Although LPA-related inhibitors entered clinical trials for fibrosis, the concept of targeting LPA is yet to be moved to clinical cancer treatment. The major challenges that we are facing in moving LPA application from bench to bedside include the intrinsic and complicated metabolic, functional, and signaling properties of LPA, as well as technical issues, which are discussed in this review. Potential strategies and perspectives to improve the translational progress are suggested. Despite these challenges, we are optimistic that LPA blockage, particularly in combination with other agents, is on the horizon to be incorporated into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W. Walnut Street R2-E380, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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10
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Jęśko H, Stępień A, Lukiw WJ, Strosznajder RP. The Cross-Talk Between Sphingolipids and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling: Significance for Aging and Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:3501-3521. [PMID: 30140974 PMCID: PMC6476865 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids: sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide, and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) are increasingly implicated in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and in multiple aspects of stress response in the nervous system. The opposite roles of closely related sphingolipid species in cell survival/death signaling is reflected in the concept of tightly controlled sphingolipid rheostat. Aging has a complex influence on sphingolipid metabolism, disturbing signaling pathways and the properties of lipid membranes. A metabolic signature of stress resistance-associated sphingolipids correlates with longevity in humans. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests extensive links between sphingolipid signaling and the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-Akt-mTOR pathway (IIS), which is involved in the modulation of aging process and longevity. IIS integrates a wide array of metabolic signals, cross-talks with p53, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and influences gene expression to shape the cellular metabolic profile and stress resistance. The multiple connections between sphingolipids and IIS signaling suggest possible engagement of these compounds in the aging process itself, which creates a vulnerable background for the majority of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Pawińskiego, 5, 02-106, Poland
| | - Adam Stępień
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Department of Neurology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Szaserów, 128, 04-141, Poland
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Pawińskiego, 5, 02-106, Poland.
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11
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The Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5436-5455. [PMID: 30612333 PMCID: PMC6614129 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids-ceramide, sphingosine, and their respective 1-phosphates (C1P and S1P)-are signaling molecules serving as intracellular second messengers. Moreover, S1P acts through G protein-coupled receptors in the plasma membrane. Accumulating evidence points to sphingolipids' engagement in brain aging and in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Metabolic alterations observed in the course of neurodegeneration favor ceramide-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling, while the levels of the neuroprotective S1P are reduced. These trends are observed early in the diseases' development, suggesting causal relationship. Mechanistic evidence has shown links between altered ceramide/S1P rheostat and the production, secretion, and aggregation of amyloid β/α-synuclein as well as signaling pathways of critical importance for the pathomechanism of protein conformation diseases. Sphingolipids influence multiple aspects of Akt/protein kinase B signaling, a pathway that regulates metabolism, stress response, and Bcl-2 family proteins. The cross-talk between sphingolipids and transcription factors including NF-κB, FOXOs, and AP-1 may be also important for immune regulation and cell survival/death. Sphingolipids regulate exosomes and other secretion mechanisms that can contribute to either the spread of neurotoxic proteins between brain cells, or their clearance. Recent discoveries also suggest the importance of intracellular and exosomal pools of small regulatory RNAs in the creation of disturbed signaling environment in the diseased brain. The identified interactions of bioactive sphingolipids urge for their evaluation as potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, the early disturbances in sphingolipid metabolism may deliver easily accessible biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders.
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12
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Wang G, Bieberich E. Sphingolipids in neurodegeneration (with focus on ceramide and S1P). Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:51-64. [PMID: 30287225 PMCID: PMC6251739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
For many decades, research on sphingolipids associated with neurodegenerative disease focused on alterations in glycosphingolipids, particularly glycosylceramides (cerebrosides), sulfatides, and gangliosides. This seemed quite natural since many of these glycolipids are constituents of myelin and accumulated in lipid storage diseases (sphingolipidoses) resulting from enzyme deficiencies in glycolipid metabolism. With the advent of recognizing ceramide and its derivative, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), as key players in lipid cell signaling and regulation of cell death and survival, research focus shifted toward these two sphingolipids. Ceramide and S1P are invoked in a plethora of cell biological processes participating in neurodegeneration such as ER stress, autophagy, dysregulation of protein and lipid transport, exosome secretion and neurotoxic protein spreading, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, it is timely to discuss various functions of ceramide and S1P in neurodegenerative disease and to define sphingolipid metabolism and cell signaling pathways as potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghu Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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13
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Pan X, Green BD. Temporal Effects of Neuron-specific beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) Knock-in on the Mouse Brain Metabolome: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2018; 397:138-146. [PMID: 30496823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta secretase 1 (BACE1) is an enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PLB4 mice are a neuron-specific human BACE1 knock-in mouse model characterized by the accumulation of extracellular Aβ and an AD-like phenotype. In this investigation brain hemispheres from 'young' (4-6 months) and 'old' (8 months) female PLB4 mice and age-matched wild-type littermates underwent targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomic profiling. Powdered lyophilized brain tissue was extracted in ethanol:PBS 85%:15% (v/v)) and a total of 187 metabolites were quantified using a targeted metabolomics methodology. Multivariate statistical analysis produced models distinguished PLB4 from wild type (WT) mice regardless of their age group. Univariate analysis (t-test) found that more brain metabolites were perturbed in 'old' PLB4 mice than 'young'. Carnosine and 8 phosphatidylcholine species were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in 'young' PLB4 mouse brain. In 'old' PLB4 mice a total of 21 metabolites were perturbed including: leucine, creatinine, putrescine and species of acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelin. Within the PLB4 genotype there were a range of age-dependent increases in metabolites. This study indicates that gender-specific responses occur in models of AD-like pathology, but importantly, when changes in PLB4 mice (where Aβ oligomers predominate) are compared with APP/PS1 mice (where Aβ plaques predominate) there are consistent and also divergent effects on the brain metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Pan
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Brian D Green
- Advanced Asset Technology Centre, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Core Techology Unit for Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
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14
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Nday CM, Eleftheriadou D, Jackson G. Shared pathological pathways of Alzheimer's disease with specific comorbidities: current perspectives and interventions. J Neurochem 2018; 144:360-389. [PMID: 29164610 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) belongs to one of the most multifactorial, complex and heterogeneous morbidity-leading disorders. Despite the extensive research in the field, AD pathogenesis is still at some extend obscure. Mechanisms linking AD with certain comorbidities, namely diabetes mellitus, obesity and dyslipidemia, are increasingly gaining importance, mainly because of their potential role in promoting AD development and exacerbation. Their exact cognitive impairment trajectories, however, remain to be fully elucidated. The current review aims to offer a clear and comprehensive description of the state-of-the-art approaches focused on generating in-depth knowledge regarding the overlapping pathology of AD and its concomitant ailments. Thorough understanding of associated alterations on a number of molecular, metabolic and hormonal pathways, will contribute to the further development of novel and integrated theranostics, as well as targeted interventions that may be beneficial for individuals with age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M Nday
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Eleftheriadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Graham Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Nuclear Lipids in the Nervous System: What they do in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:321-336. [PMID: 27766461 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years it has been widely demonstrated that cell nucleus contains neutral and polar lipids localized in nuclear membranes, nucleoli, nuclear matrix and chromatin. Nuclear lipids may show specific organization forming nuclear lipid microdomains and have both structural and functional roles. Depending on their localization, nuclear lipids play different roles such as the regulation of nuclear membrane and nuclear matrix fluidity but they also can act as platforms for vitamin and hormone function, for active chromatin anchoring, and for the regulation of gene expression, DNA duplication and transcription. Crosstalk among different kinds of lipid signalling pathways influence the physiopathology of numerous cell types. In neural cells the nuclear lipids are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, migration and apoptosis. Abnormal metabolism of nuclear lipids might be closely associated with tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease among others.
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16
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Liu Y, Shields LBE, Gao Z, Wang Y, Zhang YP, Chu T, Zhu Q, Shields CB, Cai J. Current Understanding of Platelet-Activating Factor Signaling in Central Nervous System Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5563-5572. [PMID: 27613281 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a bioactive lipid mediator which serves as a reciprocal messenger between the immune and nervous systems. PAF, a pluripotent inflammatory mediator, is extensively expressed in many cells and tissues and has either beneficial or detrimental effects on the progress of inflammation-related neuropathology. Its wide distribution and various biological functions initiate a cascade of physiological or pathophysiological responses during development or diseases. Current evidence indicates that excess PAF accumulation in CNS diseases exacerbates the inflammatory response and pathological consequences, while application of PAF inhibitors or PAFR antagonists by blocking this signaling pathway significantly reduces inflammation, protects cells, and improves the recovery of neural functions. In this review, we integrate the current findings of PAF signaling in CNS diseases and elucidate topics less appreciated but important on the role of PAF signaling in neurological diseases. We propose that the precise use of PAF inhibitors or PAFR antagonists that target the specific neural cells during the appropriate temporal window may constitute a potential therapy for CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Lisa B E Shields
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Zhongwen Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yuanyi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Tianci Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 570 S. Preston Street, Donald Baxter Building, Suite 321B, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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17
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Wang G, Li Z, Li H, Li L, Li J, Yu C. Metabolic Profile Changes of CCl₄-Liver Fibrosis and Inhibitory Effects of Jiaqi Ganxian Granule. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060698. [PMID: 27248993 PMCID: PMC6273034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jiaqi Ganxian Granule (JGG) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, which has been long used in clinical practice for treating liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-hepatic fibrosis is still not clear. In this study, an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics strategy was used to profile the metabolic characteristic of serum obtained from a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with JGG treatment. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), it was shown that metabolic perturbations induced by CCl4 were inhibited after treatment of JGG, for 17 different metabolites related to CCl4. Among these compounds, the change tendency of eight potential drug targets was restored after the intervention with JGG. The current study indicates that JGG has a significant anti-fibrosis effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, which might be by regulating the dysfunction of sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine biosynthesis, fat digestion and absorption, while glycerophospholipid metabolism played vital roles in the inhibitory effects of JGG on hepatic fibrosis according to Metabolic Pathway Analysis (MetPA). Our findings indicated that the metabolomics approach may provide a useful tool for exploring potential biomarkers involved in hepatic fibrosis and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the action of therapies used in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zehao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lidan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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18
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Jaross W. Are Molecular Vibration Patterns of Cell Structural Elements Used for Intracellular Signalling? Open Biochem J 2016; 10:12-6. [PMID: 27073582 PMCID: PMC4807408 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01610010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date the manner in which information reaches the nucleus on that part within the three-dimensional structure where specific restorative processes of structural components of the cell are required is unknown. The soluble signalling molecules generated in the course of destructive and restorative processes communicate only as needed. HYPOTHESIS All molecules show temperature-dependent molecular vibration creating a radiation in the infrared region. Each molecule species has in its turn a specific frequency pattern under given specific conditions. Changes in their structural composition result in modified frequency patterns of the molecules in question. The main structural elements of the cell membrane, of the endoplasmic reticulum, of the Golgi apparatus, and of the different microsomes representing the great variety of polar lipids show characteristic frequency patterns with peaks in the region characterised by low water absorption. These structural elements are very dynamic, mainly caused by the creation of signal molecules and transport containers. By means of the characteristic radiation, the area where repair or substitution services are needed could be identified; this spatial information complements the signalling of the soluble signal molecules. Based on their resonance properties receptors located on the outer leaflet of the nuclear envelope should be able to read typical frequencies and pass them into the nucleus. Clearly this physical signalling must be blocked by the cell membrane to obviate the flow of information into adjacent cells. CONCLUSION If the hypothesis can be proved experimentally, it should be possible to identify and verify characteristic infrared frequency patterns. The application of these signal frequencies onto cells would open entirely new possibilities in medicine and all biological disciplines specifically to influence cell growth and metabolism. Similar to this intracellular system, an extracellular signalling system with many new therapeutic options has to be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Jaross
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Tan CSH, Ng YK, Ong WY. Epigenetic Regulation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3854-3872. [PMID: 26162318 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 or PLA2G4A) is a key enzyme that contributes to inflammation via the generation of arachidonic acid and eicosanoids. While much is known about regulation of cPLA2 by posttranslational modification such as phosphorylation, little is known about its epigenetic regulation. In this study, treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA), valproic acid, tubacin and the class I HDAC inhibitor, MS-275, were found to increase cPLA2α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Co-treatment of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor, anacardic acid, modulated upregulation of cPLA2α induced by TSA. Specific involvement of class I HDACs and HAT in cPLA2α regulation was further shown, and a Tip60-specific HAT inhibitor, NU9056, modulated the upregulation of cPLA2α induced by MS-275. In addition, co-treatment of with histone methyltransferase (HMT) inhibitor, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) suppressed TSA-induced cPLA2α upregulation. The above changes in cPLA2 mRNA expression were reflected at the protein level by Western blots and immunocytochemistry. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed TSA increased binding of trimethylated H3K4 to the proximal promoter region of the cPLA2α gene. Cell injury after TSA treatment as indicated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was modulated by anacardic acid, and a role of cPLA2 in mediating TSA-induced injury shown, after co-incubation with the cPLA2 selective inhibitor, arachidonoyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3). Together, results indicate epigenetic regulation of cPLA2 and the potential of such regulation for treatment of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Siew-Hon Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yee-Kong Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore. .,Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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20
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Sirangelo I, Giovane A, Maritato R, Nunzia D, Iannuzzi C, Giordano A, Irace G, Balestrieri ML. Platelet-Activating Factor Mediates the Cytotoxicity Induced by W7FW14F Apomyoglobin Amyloid Aggregates in Neuroblastoma Cells. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:2116-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Sirangelo
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Rosa Maritato
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - D'Onofrio Nunzia
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Clara Iannuzzi
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Research Institute; College of Science and Technology; Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Medicine; Surgery & Neuroscience; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Gaetano Irace
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
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21
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Neels JG, Grimaldi PA. Physiological functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:795-858. [PMID: 24987006 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ, are a family of transcription factors activated by a diversity of molecules including fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. PPARs regulate the transcription of a large variety of genes implicated in metabolism, inflammation, proliferation, and differentiation in different cell types. These transcriptional regulations involve both direct transactivation and interaction with other transcriptional regulatory pathways. The functions of PPARα and PPARγ have been extensively documented mainly because these isoforms are activated by molecules clinically used as hypolipidemic and antidiabetic compounds. The physiological functions of PPARβ remained for a while less investigated, but the finding that specific synthetic agonists exert beneficial actions in obese subjects uplifted the studies aimed to elucidate the roles of this PPAR isoform. Intensive work based on pharmacological and genetic approaches and on the use of both in vitro and in vivo models has considerably improved our knowledge on the physiological roles of PPARβ in various cell types. This review will summarize the accumulated evidence for the implication of PPARβ in the regulation of development, metabolism, and inflammation in several tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and intestine. Some of these findings indicate that pharmacological activation of PPARβ could be envisioned as a therapeutic option for the correction of metabolic disorders and a variety of inflammatory conditions. However, other experimental data suggesting that activation of PPARβ could result in serious adverse effects, such as carcinogenesis and psoriasis, raise concerns about the clinical use of potent PPARβ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G Neels
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Paul A Grimaldi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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22
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Lim WLF, Martins IJ, Martins RN. The involvement of lipids in Alzheimer's disease. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:261-74. [PMID: 24894353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, will affect approximately 81 million individuals by 2040. To date, the actual cause and cascade of events in the progression of this disease have not been fully determined. Furthermore, there is currently no definitive blood test or simple diagnostic method for AD. Considerable efforts have been put into proteomic approaches to develop a diagnostic blood test, but to date these efforts have not been successful. More recently, there has been a stronger focus on lipidomic studies in the hope of increasing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to AD and developing an AD blood test. It is well known that the strongest genetic risk factor for AD is the ε4 variant of apolipoprotein E (APOE). Evidence suggests that the ApoE protein, a major lipid transporter, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD, and its role in both normal and aberrant lipid metabolism warrants further extensive investigation. Here, we review ApoE-lipid interactions, as well as the roles that lipids may play in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Florence Lim
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Ian James Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia
| | - Ralph Nigel Martins
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Joondalup 6027, Australia; McCusker Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease Research Inc., Suite 22, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands 6009, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
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Asle-Rousta M, Kolahdooz Z, Oryan S, Ahmadiani A, Dargahi L. FTY720 (fingolimod) attenuates beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ42)-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:524-32. [PMID: 23435938 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Imbalanced lipid metabolism and increase in the ceramide-to-S1P ratio in the brain have been postulated to play a role in amyloidogenesis, neuroinflammatory reactions, and neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. FTY720, the immunomodulatory sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) analog, has recently gained interest because of its CNS-directed effects. In addition to its immunomodulatory functions in multiple sclerosis, FTY720 possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles in different cerebral ischemia models. In the present study, we examined the effects of FTY720 in a rat model of AD. Memory deficit was induced by bilateral intrahippocampus injection of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ(42)) and examined through the Morris water maze test. The extent of histological injury in the hippocampus and the activation of caspase-3 were determined respectively by Nissl staining and Western blotting. Chronic daily administration of FTY720 (1 mg/kg, i.p., 14 days) significantly attenuated the Aβ(42)-induced learning and memory impairment and prevented the hippocampus neuronal damage as well as caspase-3 activation. These data show for the first time that FTY720 has a beneficial effect in restoring memory loss in Aβ(42)-induced neurotoxicity and also suggest that S1P receptors and signaling pathways may provide a potential target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Asle-Rousta
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, 19615-1178, Iran
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24
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Sirangelo I, Irace G, Balestrieri ML. Amyloid toxicity and platelet-activating factor signaling. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1143-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Expression profiles of hippocampal regenerative sprouting-related genes and their regulation by E-64d in a developmental rat model of penicillin-induced recurrent epilepticus. Toxicol Lett 2012; 217:162-9. [PMID: 23266720 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
E-64d (a calpain and autophagy inhibitor) has previously been shown safe for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in humans. In the present study, the potential protective mechanism of E-64d on hippocampal aberrant mossy fiber sprouting was examined in a developmental rat model of penicillin-induced recurrent epilepticus. A seizure was induced by penicillin every other day in Sprague-Dawley rats from postnatal day 21 (P21). The rats were randomly assigned into the control group (CONT1), the control plus E-64d (CONT2), the seizure group (EXP1) and the seizure plus E-64d (EXP2). On P51, mossy fiber sprouting and related gene expression in hippocampus were assessed by Timm staining and real-time RT-PCR methods, respectively. To validate the RT-PCR results, western blot analysis was performed on selected genes. E-64d obviously suppressed the aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the supragranular region of dentate gyrus and CA3 subfield of hippocampus. Among the total twelve genes, six genes were strongly up- (MT-3, ACAT1, clusterin and ApoE) or down- (ZnT-1 and PRG-3) regulated by developmental seizures (EXP1) compared with that in the CONT1. Up-regulation of ApoE and Clusterin was blocked by pretreatment with E-64d both in mRNA and protein levels. Further, E-64d-pretreated seizure rats (EXP2) showed a significant downregulation of mRNA expression of PRG-1, PRG-3 and PRG-5, cathepsin B and ApoE, as well as up-regulated nSMase and ANX7 in hippocampus when compared with EXP1 rats. The results of the present study suggest that E-64d, an elective inhibitor of calpain and autophagy, is potentially useful in the treatment of developmental seizure-induced brain damage both by regulating abnormal zinc signal transduction and through the modulation of altered lipid metabolism via ApoE/clusterin pathway in hippocampus.
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26
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Tanaka K, Siddiqi NJ, Alhomida AS, Farooqui AA, Ong WY. Differential regulation of cPLA2 and iPLA2 expression in the brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-012-9247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Eliyahu E, Shtraizent N, Shalgi R, Schuchman EH. Construction of conditional acid ceramidase knockout mice and in vivo effects on oocyte development and fertility. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:735-48. [PMID: 22854249 DOI: 10.1159/000341453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of resting follicles in the ovary and their successful maturation during development define the fertile female lifespan. Oocytes, enclosed within follicles, are subject to natural selection, and the majority will undergo apoptosis during prenatal life through adulthood. Our previous studies revealed high levels of the lipid hydrolase, acid ceramidase (AC), in human and mouse oocytes, follicular fluid and cumulus cells. In addition, supplementation of in vitro fertilization media with recombinant AC enhanced the survival of oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Herein we constructed and used a conditional knockout mouse model of AC deficiency (cACKO) to further investigate the role of this enzyme in oocyte survival in vivo. Immunohistochemical staining, activity assays, and western blot analysis revealed that AC expression was high in the ovaries of normal mice, particularly in the theca cells. After induction of the AC gene knockout with tamoxifen (TM), AC levels decreased in ovaries, and ceramide was correspondingly elevated. A novel immunostaining method was developed to visualize follicles at various stages, and together with light microscopic examination, the transition of the follicle from the secondary to antral stage was found to be defective in the absence of AC. Western blot analysis showed elevated BAX and PARP expression in TM-treated cACKO mouse ovaries compared to control animals. In parallel, the levels of BCL-2 and anti-Mullerian hormone, a marker of ovarian reserve, were decreased. In addition to the above, there was a significant decrease in fertility observed in the TM-treated cACKO mice. Together, these data suggest that AC plays an important role in the preservation of fertility by maintaining low ceramide levels and preventing apoptosis of theca cells, thereby promoting survival of the follicle during the transition from the secondary to antral stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Eliyahu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 14-20A, New York, NY, USA
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Imbert L, Gaudin M, Libong D, Touboul D, Abreu S, Loiseau PM, Laprévote O, Chaminade P. Comparison of electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization for a lipidomic analysis of Leishmania donovani. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1242:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mizuno S, Iijima R, Ogishima S, Kikuchi M, Matsuoka Y, Ghosh S, Miyamoto T, Miyashita A, Kuwano R, Tanaka H. AlzPathway: a comprehensive map of signaling pathways of Alzheimer's disease. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:52. [PMID: 22647208 PMCID: PMC3411424 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-6-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. To clarify pathogenesis of AD, thousands of reports have been accumulating. However, knowledge of signaling pathways in the field of AD has not been compiled as a database before. Description Here, we have constructed a publicly available pathway map called “AlzPathway” that comprehensively catalogs signaling pathways in the field of AD. We have collected and manually curated over 100 review articles related to AD, and have built an AD pathway map using CellDesigner. AlzPathway is currently composed of 1347 molecules and 1070 reactions in neuron, brain blood barrier, presynaptic, postsynaptic, astrocyte, and microglial cells and their cellular localizations. AlzPathway is available as both the SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language) map for CellDesigner and the high resolution image map. AlzPathway is also available as a web service (online map) based on Payao system, a community-based, collaborative web service platform for pathway model curation, enabling continuous updates by AD researchers. Conclusions AlzPathway is the first comprehensive map of intra, inter and extra cellular AD signaling pathways which can enable mechanistic deciphering of AD pathogenesis. The AlzPathway map is accessible at http://alzpathway.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuno
- Department of Bioinformatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Gaudin M, Imbert L, Libong D, Chaminade P, Brunelle A, Touboul D, Laprévote O. Atmospheric pressure photoionization as a powerful tool for large-scale lipidomic studies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:869-879. [PMID: 22359092 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipidomic studies often use liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) for separation, identification, and quantification. However, due to the wide structural diversity of lipids, the most apolar part of the lipidome is often detected with low sensitivity in ESI. Atmospheric pressure (APPI) can be an alternative ionization source since normal-phase solvents are known to enhance photoionization of these classes. In this paper, we intend to show the efficiency of APPI to identify different lipid classes, with a special interest on sphingolipids. In-source APPI fragmentation appears to be an added value for the structural analysis of lipids. It provides a detailed characterization of both the polar head and the non polar moiety of most lipid classes, and it makes possible the detection of all lipids in both polarities, which is not always possible with ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gaudin
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Flasiński M, Broniatowski M, Wydro P, Dynarowicz-Łątka P. Comparative Characteristics of Membrane-Active Single-Chained Ether Phospholipids: PAF and Lyso-PAF in Langmuir Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3155-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2121092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Flasiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Broniatowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Wydro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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Frisardi V, Panza F, Seripa D, Farooqui T, Farooqui AA. Glycerophospholipids and glycerophospholipid-derived lipid mediators: A complex meshwork in Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Prog Lipid Res 2011; 50:313-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Qadri SM, Bauer J, Zelenak C, Mahmud H, Kucherenko Y, Lee SH, Ferlinz K, Lang F. Sphingosine but not sphingosine-1-phosphate stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:339-46. [PMID: 21865742 DOI: 10.1159/000331750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 phosphorylates sphingosine, which is converted to ceramide by ceramide synthetase. Ceramide triggers eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Erythrocytes lack sphingosine phosphate-degrading enzymes and thus store large quantities of sphingosine phosphate. The present study explored the influence of sphingosine and sphingosine phosphate on eryptosis. [Ca(2+)](i), was estimated from Fluo3 fluorescence, cell volume from forward scatter and PS exposure from annexin V-binding in FACS analysis. Sphingosine (0.1 - 10 μM) but not sphingosine-1- phosphate (0.1 - 10 μM) increased [Ca(2+)](i), decreased cell volume and increased PS-exposure. The observations disclose sphingosine, but not sphingosine-1-phosphate, as a strong inducer of eryptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Mathew A, Yoshida Y, Maekawa T, Sakthi Kumar D. Alzheimer's disease: Cholesterol a menace? Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Plasmalogens the neglected regulatory and scavenging lipid species. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:573-89. [PMID: 21723266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmalogens are a class of phospholipids carrying a vinyl ether bond in sn-1 and an ester bond in sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Although they are widespread in all tissues and represent up to 18% of the total phospholipid mass in humans, their physiological function is still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to give an overview over the current knowledge in plasmalogen biology and pathology with an emphasis on neglected aspects of their involvement in neurological and metabolic diseases. Furthermore a better understanding of plasmalogen biology in health and disease could also lead to the development of better diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for vascular and metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, inflammation, neuro-degeneration and cancer.
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