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Li L, Zang Q, Li X, Zhu Y, Wen S, He J, Zhang R, Abliz Z. Spatiotemporal pharmacometabolomics based on ambient mass spectrometry imaging to evaluate the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone in HepG2 spheroids. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:483-493. [PMID: 37305784 PMCID: PMC10257197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid models combined with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables innovative investigation of in vivo-like biological processes under different physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-MSI (AFADESI-MSI) was coupled with 3D HepG2 spheroids to assess the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone (AMI). High-coverage imaging of >1100 endogenous metabolites in hepatocyte spheroids was achieved using AFADESI-MSI. Following AMI treatment at different times, 15 metabolites of AMI involved in N-desethylation, hydroxylation, deiodination, and desaturation metabolic reactions were identified, and according to their spatiotemporal dynamics features, the metabolic pathways of AMI were proposed. Subsequently, the temporal and spatial changes in metabolic disturbance within spheroids caused by drug exposure were obtained via metabolomic analysis. The main dysregulated metabolic pathways included arachidonic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, providing considerable evidence for the mechanism of AMI hepatotoxicity. In addition, a biomarker group of eight fatty acids was selected that provided improved indication of cell viability and could characterize the hepatotoxicity of AMI. The combination of AFADESI-MSI and HepG2 spheroids can simultaneously obtain spatiotemporal information for drugs, drug metabolites, and endogenous metabolites after AMI treatment, providing an effective tool for in vitro drug hepatotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qingce Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shanjing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cell Transcriptomes Reveal a Unique Genetic Signature across Different Types of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911065. [PMID: 36232369 PMCID: PMC9569723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells play a key role in cellular immune responses against cancer by cytotoxic responses and effector lineages differentiation, respectively. These subsets have been found in different types of cancer; however, it is unclear whether tumor-infiltrating T-cell subsets exhibit similar transcriptome profiling across different types of cancer in comparison with healthy tissue-resident T-cells. Thus, we analyzed the single cell transcriptome of five tumor-infiltrating CD4-T, CD8-T and Treg cells obtained from different types of cancer to identify specific pathways for each subset in malignant environments. An in silico analysis was performed from single-cell RNA-sequencing data available in public repositories (Gene Expression Omnibus) including breast cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and head and neck cancer. After dimensionality reduction, clustering and selection of the different subpopulations from malignant and nonmalignant datasets, common genes across different types of cancer were identified and compared to nonmalignant genes for each T-cell subset to identify specific pathways. Exclusive pathways in CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells and Tregs, and common pathways for the tumor-infiltrating T-cell subsets were identified. Finally, the identified pathways were compared with RNAseq and proteomic data obtained from T-cell subsets cultured under malignant environments and we observed that cytokine signaling, especially Th2-type cytokine, was the top overrepresented pathway in Tregs from malignant samples.
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Comparative study of the ditrophic interaction between Beauveria bassiana and Plutella xylostella. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:223. [PMID: 33968568 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, hyperparasitic interaction between B. bassiana, TM (MH590235) and P. xylostella was studied through scanning electron microscopy and chromatographic techniques. Dose-mortality responses showed an increase in mortality of larva with an increase in spore concentration. The LC50 value for B. bassiana isolate TM (MH590235) was 2.4 × 107 spores mL-1. The ditrophic interaction between B. bassiana and P. xylostella after 24 h revealed the adherence of conidia on stemmata, sensory setae, maxillary palpi and legs. After 48 h post-infection (hpi), germination of the conidia and appressorium formation was observed. Formation of hyphae and initiation of fungal networking was observed at 72 hpi. Complete ramification by mycelia and conidiogenesis of B. bassiana was observed over the mycosed cadaver after 168 hpi. Subsequently, typical sympodial conidiophores of B. bassiana bearing secondary spores were also observed. The metabolome profile of healthy larvae of P. xylostella revealed the presence of non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) like docosene, nonadecene, palmitic acid and heneicosane. However, the NVOC profile was different in the P. xylostella larvae hyperparasitized by B. bassiana. The metabolites present in the infected cadaver were phthalate esters, hydroxyquebrachamine and lactones.
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Grossert JS, Melanson JE, Ramaley L. Fragmentation Pathways of Cationized, Saturated, Short-Chain Triacylglycerols: Lithiated and Sodiated Tripropanoyl- and Trihexanoylglycerol. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:34-46. [PMID: 32881521 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many methods, often depending on tandem mass spectrometry, have been developed for analysis of complex mixtures of triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially in clinical diagnostics and food authentication. Understanding the fragmentation mechanisms of cationized TAGs has proved problematic. To obtain a better understanding of viable mechanisms, detailed studies including double- and triple-stage tandem mass spectrometry were made using electrospray ionization on lithiated and sodiated tripropanoyl- and trihexanoylglycerols. Density functional theory computations, including a functional parameterized for van der Waals interactions, were used to correlate computed energies with mass spectra. Losses of both a neutral salt and a neutral acid corresponding to a glycerol side chain were observed as major product ions in MS2 experiments. Signal intensities at low collision energies correlated well with computed energies. However, an important difference between the lithiated and sodiated ions was the appearance of the sodium cation as a major fragmentation product. Computations on the product ions resulting from the loss of a neutral acid indicated multiple structures for the lithiated ions but mainly a single structure for the sodiated ions. The lithiated product ions could be fragmented further (pseudo-MS3) to give additional structural information, whereas the sodiated ions gave only m/z 23. The longer chain TAG, while giving a much less intense mass spectrum than the shorter chain TAG, gave comparable MS2 and MS3 product ion spectra. Taken together, the spectral and computational work described herein offer a new and detailed pathway for collision-induced fragmentation of lithiated and sodiated saturated TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stuart Grossert
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Jeremy E Melanson
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Louis Ramaley
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2
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Tian Y, Xia Z, Li M, Zhang G, Cui H, Li B, Zhou H, Dong J. The relationship between microwave radiation injury and abnormal lipid metabolism. Chem Phys Lipids 2019; 225:104802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang Z, Gao S, Xie J, Li R. Identification of multiple dysregulated metabolic pathways by GC-MS-based profiling of liver tissue in mice with OVA-induced asthma exposed to PM 2.5. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:277-286. [PMID: 31220661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure increases the risk of asthma. However, the effect of PM2.5 exposure on liver metabolism in mice with asthma symptoms remains unclear. We established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model in mice and divided the animals into four groups: control group (C), PM2.5 exposure group (P), OVA-induced asthma group (O) and OVA-induced asthma PM2.5 exposure group (OP). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the metabolite markers and related perturbed metabolic pathways in mouse liver tissue after PM2.5 exposure. Multivariate analysis showed 9 and 12 potential metabolite markers in the P and OP groups, respectively, after PM2.5 exposure that were significantly correlated with lipid peroxidation indices. PM2.5 exposure perturbed 5 and 7 metabolic pathways in the P and OP groups, respectively. These metabolic pathways mainly involve the lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. These results highlight the potential to study PM2.5-triggered alterations via liver tissue in normal and OVA-induced asthmatic mice to gain a more realistic appraisal of the resulting early toxicity events. Additionally, these results revealed potential metabolite markers of early antioxidant defense events triggered by PM2.5 and indicated that metabolite markers are more sensitive than antioxidant indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Wang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Shaolong Gao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Efficient Resource-utilization Techniques of Coal Waste, Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
| | - Jingfang Xie
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China
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Deregulated Lysophosphatidic Acid Metabolism and Signaling in Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111626. [PMID: 31652837 PMCID: PMC6893780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to late diagnosis and scarcity of treatment options. The major risk factor for liver cancer is cirrhosis with the underlying causes of cirrhosis being viral infection (hepatitis B or C), metabolic deregulation (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the presence of obesity and diabetes), alcohol or cholestatic disorders. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid with numerous effects, most of them compatible with the hallmarks of cancer (proliferation, migration, invasion, survival, evasion of apoptosis, deregulated metabolism, neoangiogenesis, etc.). Autotaxin (ATX) is the enzyme responsible for the bulk of extracellular LPA production, and together with LPA signaling is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, fibrosis and cancer. This review discusses the most important findings and the mechanisms related to ATX/LPA/LPAR involvement on metabolic, viral and cholestatic liver disorders and their progression to liver cancer in the context of human patients and mouse models. It focuses on the role of ATX/LPA in NAFLD development and its progression to liver cancer as NAFLD has an increasing incidence which is associated with the increasing incidence of liver cancer. Bearing in mind that adipose tissue accounts for the largest amount of LPA production, many studies have implicated LPA in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation, liver steatosis, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and lipogenesis. At the same time, LPA and ATX play crucial roles in fibrotic diseases. Given that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually developed on the background of liver fibrosis, therapies that both delay the progression of fibrosis and prevent its development to malignancy would be very promising. Therefore, ATX/LPA signaling appears as an attractive therapeutic target as evidenced by the fact that it is involved in both liver fibrosis progression and liver cancer development.
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Wang X, Shen Z, Wang C, Li E, Qin JG, Chen L. Dietary supplementation of selenium yeast enhances the antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile Eriocheir Sinensis under nitrite stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:22-31. [PMID: 30605768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study elucidates the response to nitrite stress and the effect of dietary selenium supplements on the growth, antioxidant activity, immunity and transcriptome of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. In the control group, the crabs were fed the diet without selenium supplementation and there was no nitrite addition to the water. In the test group, the crabs were fed diets with three levels of selenium 0 (N1), 0.5 (N2) and 1.0 (N3) mg/kg in the water containing 2 mg/L NO2N as a stress factor for eight weeks. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved by adding dietary selenium. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate and weight gain between N1 and the control groups, or among different selenium levels in the test group. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lower, but malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher in the N1 group than those in the serum and hepatopancreas of the control group. The activities of SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and acid phosphatase increased at the medium level of selenium but decreased as the level of dietary selenium increased to 1.0 mg/kg. The serum lysozyme (LZM) activity increased but the MDA content in both serum and hepatopancreas decreased with the increase of selenium levels. The total clean reads of the crabs in the control group, N1 and N3 groups reached 390.7M and were assembled into 106 471 transcripts. Compared with the control group, 1196 gene were significantly expressed (588-up and 608-down) in the N1 group under nitrite stress. Between the N1 and N3 groups, the expression of 1537 genes (751-up and 786-down) were significantly different. KEGG pathway analysis reveals that 11 and 19 pathways were significantly different between N1 and control and between N3 and N1 groups, respectively. Transcriptome results demonstrate that nutrient metabolism is much more active in crabs fed additional selenium under nitrite stress. This study indicates that dietary selenium can improve both antioxidant capacity and immune response and alter the protein and carbohydrate metabolism of E. sinensis under nitrite stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenhua Shen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Li N, Zhao X, You S. Identification of key regulators of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics analysis of microarray data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14074. [PMID: 30633213 PMCID: PMC6336631 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, and its etiology remains largely unknown. This study aimed to screen a panel of key genes and to identify their potential impact on the molecular pathways associated with the development of PDAC. Four gene expression profiles, GSE28735, GSE15471, GSE102238, and GSE43795, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The intersection of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each dataset was obtained using Venn analysis. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis were subsequently carried out. To screen for hub genes, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed.The intersection of the DEGs revealed 7 upregulated and 9 downregulated genes. Upon relaxation of the selection criteria, 58 upregulated and 32 downregulated DEGs were identified. The top 5 biological processes identified by GO analysis involved peptide cross-linking, extracellular matrix (ECM) disassembly, regulation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway, mesoderm morphogenesis, and lipid digestion. The results of KEGG analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways involved in protein digestion and absorption, ECM-receptor interaction, pancreatic secretion, and fat digestion and absorption. The top ten hub genes were identified based on the PPI network.In conclusion, the identified hub genes may contribute to the elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PDAC and serve as promising candidates that can be utilized for the early diagnosis and prognostic prediction of PDAC. However, further experimental validation is required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Xin Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyi You
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
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Zhang P, Reue K. Lipin proteins and glycerolipid metabolism: Roles at the ER membrane and beyond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1583-1595. [PMID: 28411173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of glycerolipid biosynthesis is critical for homeostasis of cellular lipid stores and membranes. Here we review the role of lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatase enzymes in glycerolipid synthesis. Lipin proteins are unique among glycerolipid biosynthetic enzymes in their ability to transit among cellular membranes, rather than remain membrane tethered. We focus on the mechanisms that underlie lipin protein interactions with membranes and the versatile roles of lipins in several organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endolysosomes, lipid droplets, and nucleus. We also review the corresponding physiological roles of lipins, which have been uncovered by the study of genetic lipin deficiencies. We propose that the growing body of knowledge concerning the biochemical and cellular activities of lipin proteins will be valuable for understanding the physiological functions of lipin proteins in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Zhang
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Karen Reue
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes are one source of receptor-generated phosphatidic acid (PtdOH),which may subsequently be metabolized to diacylglycerol (DAG) and lysophosphatidic acid. There are other pathways that lead to PtdOH generation, but differences in pathways and in the acyl composition of the products seem to provide some specificity. Both direct and indirect inhibitors of PLD activity have been identified despite a long-held suspicion that this pathway was undruggable. The identification of raloxifene and halopemide as direct inhibitors was followed by the systematic development of isoenzyme-preferring compounds that have been used to further differentiate the functions of PLD1 and PLD2. PLD2 in host cells has been associated with viral entry processes and innate immune response pathways such that inhibition blocks efficient infection. This PLD2 pathway has been linked to autophagy via AKT kinases. As a potential target in antiretroviral therapy, PLD1 works through the CAD enzyme (which contains carbamoyl aspartate synthase, aspartate transcarbamylase and dihydro-orotase domains) to modulate pyrimidine biosynthesis. PLD activity and expression have been shown to be upregulated in several types of human cancers, in which PLD enzymes function downstream of a variety of known oncogenes. Inhibition of PtdOH production has a marked effect on tumorigenesis and malignant invasion. PLD1, PLD2 and PLD3 have each been suggested to have a role in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, but a mechanism has not yet emerged to explain the roles of these proteins in central nervous system pathophysiology.
Lipid second messengers such as phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) have a role in a wide range of pathological processes, and phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes are one of the major sources of signal-activated PtdOH generation. In this Review, Brown, Thomas and Lindsley discuss the development of PLD inhibitors, with a focus on isoform-specific inhibitors, and their potential applications in the treatment of cancer, neurodegeneration and infection. Lipid second messengers have essential roles in cellular function and contribute to the molecular mechanisms that underlie inflammation, malignant transformation, invasiveness, neurodegenerative disorders, and infectious and other pathophysiological processes. The phospholipase D (PLD) isoenzymes PLD1 and PLD2 are one of the major sources of signal-activated phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) generation downstream of a variety of cell-surface receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins. Recent advances in the development of isoenzyme-selective PLD inhibitors and in molecular genetics have suggested that PLD isoenzymes in mammalian cells and pathogenic organisms may be valuable targets for the treatment of several human diseases. Isoenzyme-selective inhibitors have revealed complex inter-relationships between PtdOH biosynthetic pathways and the role of PtdOH in pathophysiology. PLD enzymes were once thought to be undruggable owing to the ubiquitous nature of PtdOH in cell signalling and concerns that inhibitors would be too toxic for use in humans. However, recent promising discoveries suggest that small-molecule isoenzyme-selective inhibitors may provide novel compounds for a unique approach to the treatment of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders and other afflictions of the central nervous system, and potentially serve as broad-spectrum antiviral and antimicrobial therapeutics.
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Feng C, Zhang J, Li X, Ai B, Han J, Wang Q, Wei T, Xu Y, Li M, Li S, Song C, Li C. Subpathway-CorSP: Identification of metabolic subpathways via integrating expression correlations and topological features between metabolites and genes of interest within pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33262. [PMID: 27625019 PMCID: PMC5021946 DOI: 10.1038/srep33262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathway analysis is a popular strategy for comprehensively researching metabolites and genes of interest associated with specific diseases. However, the traditional pathway identification methods do not accurately consider the combined effect of these interesting molecules and neglects expression correlations or topological features embedded in the pathways. In this study, we propose a powerful method, Subpathway-CorSP, for identifying metabolic subpathway regions. This method improved on original pathway identification methods by using a subpathway identification strategy and emphasizing expression correlations between metabolites and genes of interest based on topological features within the metabolic pathways. We analyzed a prostate cancer data set and its metastatic sub-group data set with detailed comparison of Subpathway-CorSP with four traditional pathway identification methods. Subpathway-CorSP was able to identify multiple subpathway regions whose entire corresponding pathways were not detected by traditional pathway identification methods. Further evidences indicated that Subpathway-CorSP provided a robust and efficient way of reliably recalling cancer-related subpathways and locating novel subpathways by the combined effect of metabolites and genes. This was a novel subpathway strategy based on systematically considering expression correlations and topological features between metabolites and genes of interest within given pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Feng
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xuecang Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bo Ai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Junwei Han
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081,China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- School of Nursing, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Taiming Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yong Xu
- The fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shang Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081,China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chunquan Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
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Doler C, Schweiger M, Zimmermann R, Breinbauer R. Chemical Genetic Approaches for the Investigation of Neutral Lipid Metabolism. Chembiochem 2016; 17:358-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Doler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 31/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 31/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
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Xu Z, Li T, Li E, Chen K, Ding Z, Qin JG, Chen L, Ye J. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals molecular strategies of oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense in response to acute and chronic nitrite stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:254-265. [PMID: 26687531 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrobrachium nipponense is an economically and nutritionally important species threatened by ambient superfluous nitrite. De novo RNA-Seq was used to explore the molecular mechanism in M. nipponense exposed to the acute nitrite stress (26.05 mg/L nitrite-N) for 24 h and the chronic nitrite stress (1.38 mg/L nitrite-N) for 28 d A total of 175.13 million reads were obtained and assembled into 58,871 unigenes with an average length of 1028.7 bp and N50 of 1294 bp. Under the acute and chronic nitrite stress trials, 2824 and 2610 unigenes were significantly expressed. In GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis, 30 pathways were significantly different between the two treatments while four pathways were in common and the markedly altered pathways were divided into four sections as immunity, metabolism, cell and others. The immunity section revealing the different depth of immunity provoked by nitrite stress contained the most pathways including the important pathways as phagosome, folate biosynthesis, glycerolipid metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism under the acute nitrite stress, and lysosome, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism under the chronic nitrite stress. This is the first report of responses of M. nipponense under acute and chronic nitrite stress through de novo transcriptome sequencing on the transcriptome level. The results of transcriptome analysis improve our understanding on the underlying molecular mechanisms coping with nitrite stress in crustacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tongyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Erchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhili Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, CAFS, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China; Huzhou Municipal Fisheries Extension Center, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Jian G Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinyun Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, CAFS, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China; Huzhou Municipal Fisheries Extension Center, Huzhou, 313000, China.
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15
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Mondul AM, Moore SC, Weinstein SJ, Karoly ED, Sampson JN, Albanes D. Metabolomic analysis of prostate cancer risk in a prospective cohort: The alpha-tocolpherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention (ATBC) study. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2124-32. [PMID: 25904191 PMCID: PMC4537663 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of concerted epidemiological research, relatively little is known about the etiology of prostate cancer. As genome-wide association studies have identified numerous genetic variants, so metabolomic profiling of blood and other tissues represents an agnostic, "broad-spectrum" approach for examining potential metabolic biomarkers of prostate cancer risk. To this end, we conducted a prospective analysis of prostate cancer within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort based on 200 cases (100 aggressive) and 200 controls (age- and blood collection date-matched) with fasting serum collected up to 20 years prior to case diagnoses. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy identified 626 compounds detected in >95% of the men and the odds ratio per 1-standard deviation increase in log-metabolite levels and risk were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We observed strong inverse associations between energy and lipid metabolites and aggressive cancer (p = 0.018 and p = 0.041, respectively, for chemical class over-representation). Inositol-1-phosphate showed the strongest association (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.39-0.81, p = 0.002) and glycerophospholipids and fatty acids were heavily represented; e.g., oleoyl-linoleoyl-glycerophosphoinositol (OR = 0.64, p = 0.004), 1-stearoylglycerophosphoglycerol (OR=0.65, p = 0.025), stearate (OR=0.65, p = 0.010) and docosadienoate (OR = 0.66, p = 0.014). Both alpha-ketoglutarate and citrate were associated with aggressive disease risk (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51-0.94, p = 0.02; OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50-0.95, p = 0.02), as were elevated thyroxine and trimethylamine oxide (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.08-2.54, p = 0.021; and OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02-1.81, p = 0.039). Serum PSA adjustment did not alter the findings. Our data reveal several metabolomic leads that may have pathophysiological relevance to prostate carcinogenesis and should be examined through additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M. Mondul
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMI
| | - Steven C. Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHSBethesdaMD
| | - Stephanie J. Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHSBethesdaMD
| | | | - Joshua N. Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHSBethesdaMD
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHSBethesdaMD
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16
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Bruntz RC, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Phospholipase D signaling pathways and phosphatidic acid as therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:1033-79. [PMID: 25244928 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D is a ubiquitous class of enzymes that generates phosphatidic acid as an intracellular signaling species. The phospholipase D superfamily plays a central role in a variety of functions in prokaryotes, viruses, yeast, fungi, plants, and eukaryotic species. In mammalian cells, the pathways modulating catalytic activity involve a variety of cellular signaling components, including G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, polyphosphatidylinositol lipids, Ras/Rho/ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases, and conventional isoforms of protein kinase C, among others. Recent findings have shown that phosphatidic acid generated by phospholipase D plays roles in numerous essential cellular functions, such as vesicular trafficking, exocytosis, autophagy, regulation of cellular metabolism, and tumorigenesis. Many of these cellular events are modulated by the actions of phosphatidic acid, and identification of two targets (mammalian target of rapamycin and Akt kinase) has especially highlighted a role for phospholipase D in the regulation of cellular metabolism. Phospholipase D is a regulator of intercellular signaling and metabolic pathways, particularly in cells that are under stress conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the regulation of phospholipase D activity and its modulation of cellular signaling pathways and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Bruntz
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology (R.C.B., C.W.L., H.A.B.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (C.W.L., H.A.B.); Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry for Accelerated Probe Development (C.W.L.); and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (H.A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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17
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Fabrias G, Epand RM. Introduction to the special issue: Inhibitors of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 197:1-2. [PMID: 26291494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Fabrias
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Grienke U, Kaserer T, Pfluger F, Mair CE, Langer T, Schuster D, Rollinger JM. Accessing biological actions of Ganoderma secondary metabolites by in silico profiling. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 114:114-24. [PMID: 25457486 PMCID: PMC4948669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The species complex around the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum Karst. (Ganodermataceae) is widely known in traditional medicines, as well as in modern applications such as functional food or nutraceuticals. A considerable number of publications reflects its abundance and variety in biological actions either provoked by primary metabolites, such as polysaccharides, or secondary metabolites, such as lanostane-type triterpenes. However, due to this remarkable amount of information, a rationalization of the individual Ganoderma constituents to biological actions on a molecular level is quite challenging. To overcome this issue, a database was generated containing meta-information, i.e., chemical structures and biological actions of hitherto identified Ganoderma constituents (279). This was followed by a computational approach subjecting this 3D multi-conformational molecular dataset to in silico parallel screening against an in-house collection of validated structure- and ligand-based 3D pharmacophore models. The predictive power of the evaluated in silico tools and hints from traditional application fields served as criteria for the model selection. Thus, the focus was laid on representative druggable targets in the field of viral infections (5) and diseases related to the metabolic syndrome (22). The results obtained from this in silico approach were compared to bioactivity data available from the literature. 89 and 197 Ganoderma compounds were predicted as ligands of at least one of the selected pharmacological targets in the antiviral and the metabolic syndrome screening, respectively. Among them only a minority of individual compounds (around 10%) has ever been investigated on these targets or for the associated biological activity. Accordingly, this study discloses putative ligand target interactions for a plethora of Ganoderma constituents in the empirically manifested field of viral diseases and metabolic syndrome which serve as a basis for future applications to access yet undiscovered biological actions of Ganoderma secondary metabolites on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Grienke
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Pfluger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina E Mair
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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19
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Mathews TP, Hill S, Rose KL, Ivanova PT, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Human phospholipase D activity transiently regulates pyrimidine biosynthesis in malignant gliomas. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1258-68. [PMID: 25646564 DOI: 10.1021/cb500772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reorganize their metabolic pathways to fuel demanding rates of proliferation. Oftentimes, these metabolic phenotypes lie downstream of prominent oncogenes. The lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), which is produced by the hydrolytic enzyme phospholipase D (PLD), has been identified as a critical regulatory molecule for oncogenic signaling in many cancers. In an effort to identify novel regulatory mechanisms for PtdOH, we screened various cancer cell lines, assessing whether treatment of cancer models with PLD inhibitors altered production of intracellular metabolites. Preliminary findings lead us to focus on how deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are altered upon PLD inhibitor treatment in gliomas. Using a combination of proteomics and small molecule intracellular metabolomics, we show herein that PtdOH acutely regulates the production of these pyrimidine metabolites through activation of CAD via mTOR signaling pathways independently of Akt. These changes are responsible for decreases in dNTP production after PLD inhibitor treatment. Our data identify a novel regulatory role for PLD activity in specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Mathews
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Salisha Hill
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kristie L. Rose
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Pavlina T. Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - H. Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology
and The Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, ‡The Vanderbilt Center
for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, §Department of Chemistry, ∥The Vanderbilt Institute
of Chemical Biology, ⊥The Vanderbilt Mass Spectrometry Research Center, and #Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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20
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Babenko NA, Kharchenko VS. Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity of Hepatocytes by the Pharmacological Downregulation of Phospholipase D. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:794838. [PMID: 26089893 PMCID: PMC4458285 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The role of phospholipase D (PLD) as a positive modulator of glucose uptake activation by insulin in muscle and adipose cells has been demonstrated. The role of PLD in the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin in the primary hepatocytes has been determined in this study. Methods. For this purpose, we studied effects of inhibitors of PLD on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis stimulation by insulin. To determine the PLD activity, the method based on determination of products of transphosphatidylation reaction, phosphatidylethanol or phosphatidylbutanol, was used. Results. Inhibition of PLD by a general antagonist (1-butanol) or specific inhibitor, halopemide, or N-hexanoylsphingosine, or by cellular ceramides accumulated in doxorubicin-treated hepatocytes decreased insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism. Doxorubicin-induced hepatocytes resistance to insulin action could be abolished by inhibition of ceramide production. Halopemide could nullify this effect. Addition of propranolol, as well as inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) (wortmannin, LY294002) or suppressors of Akt phosphorylation/activity, luteolin-7-O-glucoside or apigenin-7-O-glucoside, to the culture media could block cell response to insulin action. Conclusion. PLD plays an important role in the insulin signaling in the hepatocytes. PLD is activated downstream of PI3-kinase and Akt and is highly sensitive to ceramide content in the liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Babenko
- Department of Physiology of Ontogenesis, Biology Research Institute, Karazin Kharkov National University, Svobody Square 4, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
- *Nataliya A. Babenko:
| | - Vitalina S. Kharchenko
- Department of Physiology of Ontogenesis, Biology Research Institute, Karazin Kharkov National University, Svobody Square 4, Kharkov 61022, Ukraine
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21
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González-Gil I, Zian D, Vázquez-Villa H, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, López-Rodríguez ML. The status of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor type 1 (LPA1R). MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The current status of the LPA1receptor and its ligands in the drug development pipeline is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González-Gil
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Debora Zian
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Henar Vázquez-Villa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - María L. López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
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22
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O'Reilly MC, Scott SA, Brown HA, Lindsley CW. Further evaluation of novel structural modifications to scaffolds that engender PLD isoform selective inhibition. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5553-5557. [PMID: 25466173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the on-going SAR efforts based on two scaffolds, a PLD1-biased piperidinyl benzimidazolone and a PLD2-biased piperidinyl triazaspirone, with the goal of enhancing PLD inhibitory potency and isoform selectivity. Here, we found that addition of an α-methyl moiety within the PLD2-biased piperidinyl triazaspirone scaffold abolished PLD2 preference, while the incorporation of substituents onto the piperidine moiety of the PLD1-biased piperidinyl benzimidazolone, or replacement with a bioisosteric [3.3.0] core, generally retained PLD1 preference, but at diminished significance. The SAR uncovered within these two allosteric PLD inhibitor series further highlights the inherent challenges of developing isoform selective PLD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah A Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - H Alex Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University/ Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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23
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McDavid S, Bauer MB, Brindley RL, Jewell ML, Currie KPM. Butanol isomers exert distinct effects on voltage-gated calcium channel currents and thus catecholamine secretion in adrenal chromaffin cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109203. [PMID: 25275439 PMCID: PMC4183593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Butanol (C4H10OH) has been used both to dissect the molecular targets of alcohols/general anesthetics and to implicate phospholipase D (PLD) signaling in a variety of cellular functions including neurotransmitter and hormone exocytosis. Like other primary alcohols, 1-butanol is a substrate for PLD and thereby disrupts formation of the intracellular signaling lipid phosphatidic acid. Because secondary and tertiary butanols do not undergo this transphosphatidylation, they have been used as controls for 1-butanol to implicate PLD signaling. Recently, selective pharmacological inhibitors of PLD have been developed and, in some cases, fail to block cellular functions previously ascribed to PLD using primary alcohols. For example, exocytosis of insulin and degranulation of mast cells are blocked by primary alcohols, but not by the PLD inhibitor FIPI. In this study we show that 1-butanol reduces catecholamine secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells to a much greater extent than tert-butanol, and that the PLD inhibitor VU0155056 has no effect. Using fluorescent imaging we show the effect of these drugs on depolarization-evoked calcium entry parallel those on secretion. Patch-clamp electrophysiology confirmed the peak amplitude of voltage-gated calcium channel currents (ICa) is inhibited by 1-butanol, with little or no block by secondary or tert-butanol. Detailed comparison shows for the first time that the different butanol isomers exert distinct, and sometimes opposing, effects on the voltage-dependence and gating kinetics of ICa. We discuss these data with regard to PLD signaling in cellular physiology and the molecular targets of general anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McDavid
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mary Beth Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Brindley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Jewell
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kevin P. M. Currie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Pharmacology, and Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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O'Reilly MC, Oguin TH, Scott SA, Thomas PG, Locuson CW, Morrison RD, Daniels JS, Brown HA, Lindsley CW. Discovery of a highly selective PLD2 inhibitor (ML395): a new probe with improved physiochemical properties and broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza strains. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2633-7. [PMID: 25210004 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Further chemical optimization of the halopemide-derived family of dual phospholipase D1/2 (PLD1/2) inhibitors afforded ML395 (VU0468809), a potent, >80-fold PLD2 selective allosteric inhibitor (cellular PLD1, IC50 >30,000 nM; cellular PLD2, IC50 =360 nM). Moreover, ML395 possesses an attractive in vitro DMPK profile, improved physiochemical properties, ancillary pharmacology (Eurofins Panel) cleaner than any other reported PLD inhibitor, and has been found to possess interesting activity as an antiviral agent in cellular assays against a range of influenza strains (H1, H3, H5 and H7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C O'Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center (MLPCN), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600 (USA)
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25
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Oguin TH, Sharma S, Stuart AD, Duan S, Scott SA, Jones CK, Daniels JS, Lindsley CW, Thomas PG, Brown HA. Phospholipase D facilitates efficient entry of influenza virus, allowing escape from innate immune inhibition. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25405-17. [PMID: 25065577 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.558817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a fundamental role during influenza virus replication, although key regulators of lipid-dependent trafficking and virus production remain inadequately defined. This report demonstrates that infection by influenza virus stimulates phospholipase D (PLD) activity and that PLD co-localizes with influenza during infection. Both chemical inhibition and RNA interference of PLD delayed viral entry and reduced viral titers in vitro. Although there may be contributions by both major isoenzymes, the effects on viral infectivity appear to be more dependent on the PLD2 isoenzyme. In vivo, PLD2 inhibition reduced virus titer and correlated with significant increases in transcription of innate antiviral effectors. The reduction in viral titer downstream of PLD2 inhibition was dependent on Rig-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-1), IRF3, and MxA (myxovirus resistance gene A) but not IRF7. Inhibition of PLD2 accelerated the accumulation of MxA in foci as early as 30 min postinfection. Together these data suggest that PLD facilitates the rapid endocytosis of influenza virus, permitting viral escape from innate immune detection and effectors that are capable of limiting lethal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Oguin
- From the Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Amanda D Stuart
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, United Kingdom
| | - Susu Duan
- From the Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678
| | | | - Carrie K Jones
- Departments of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Departments of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Departments of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0697 Department of Chemistry and The Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, and
| | - Paul G Thomas
- From the Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678,
| | - H Alex Brown
- Departments of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry and The Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600,
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