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Saadat N, Pallas B, Ciarelli J, Vyas AK, Padmanabhan V. Gestational testosterone excess early to mid-pregnancy disrupts maternal lipid homeostasis and activates biosynthesis of phosphoinositides and phosphatidylethanolamines in sheep. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6230. [PMID: 38486090 PMCID: PMC10940674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational hyperandrogenism is a risk factor for adverse maternal and offspring outcomes with effects likely mediated in part via disruptions in maternal lipid homeostasis. Using a translationally relevant sheep model of gestational testosterone (T) excess that manifests maternal hyperinsulinemia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and adverse offspring cardiometabolic outcomes, we tested if gestational T excess disrupts maternal lipidome. Dimensionality reduction models following shotgun lipidomics of gestational day 127.1 ± 5.3 (term 147 days) plasma revealed clear differences between control and T-treated sheep. Lipid signatures of gestational T-treated sheep included higher phosphoinositides (PI 36:2, 39:4) and lower acylcarnitines (CAR 16:0, 18:0, 18:1), phosphatidylcholines (PC 38:4, 40:5) and fatty acids (linoleic, arachidonic, Oleic). Gestational T excess activated phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and PI biosynthesis. The reduction in key fatty acids may underlie IUGR and activated PI for the maternal hyperinsulinemia evidenced in this model. Maternal circulatory lipids contributing to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes are modifiable by dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saadat
- Department of Pediatrics, 7510 MSRB, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 148019-5718, USA
| | - Brooke Pallas
- Unit Lab Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joseph Ciarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, 7510 MSRB, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 148019-5718, USA
| | - Arpita Kalla Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, 7510 MSRB, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 148019-5718, USA.
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Kharouf N, Flanagan TW, Alamodi AA, Al Hmada Y, Hassan SY, Shalaby H, Santourlidis S, Hassan SL, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Brodell RT, Hassan M. CD133-Dependent Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase /AKT/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 38334632 PMCID: PMC10854812 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma frequently harbors genetic alterations in key molecules leading to the aberrant activation of PI3K and its downstream pathways. Although the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in melanoma progression and drug resistance is well documented, targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway showed less efficiency in clinical trials than might have been expected, since the suppression of the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway-induced feedback loops is mostly associated with the activation of compensatory pathways such as MAPK/MEK/ERK. Consequently, the development of intrinsic and acquired resistance can occur. As a solid tumor, melanoma is notorious for its heterogeneity. This can be expressed in the form of genetically divergent subpopulations including a small fraction of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs) that make the most of the tumor mass. Like other CSCs, melanoma stem-like cells (MSCs) are characterized by their unique cell surface proteins/stemness markers and aberrant signaling pathways. In addition to its function as a robust marker for stemness properties, CD133 is crucial for the maintenance of stemness properties and drug resistance. Herein, the role of CD133-dependent activation of PI3K/mTOR in the regulation of melanoma progression, drug resistance, and recurrence is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naji Kharouf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | | | - Youssef Al Hmada
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Hosam Shalaby
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mossad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Begemann K, Heyde I, Witt P, Inderhees J, Leinweber B, Koch CE, Jöhren O, Oelkrug R, Liskiewicz A, Müller TD, Oster H. Rest phase snacking increases energy resorption and weight gain in male mice. Mol Metab 2023; 69:101691. [PMID: 36746332 PMCID: PMC9950950 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Snacking, i.e., the intake of small amounts of palatable food items, is a common behavior in modern societies, promoting overeating and obesity. Shifting food intake into the daily rest phase disrupts circadian rhythms and is also known to stimulate weight gain. We therefore hypothesized that chronic snacking in the inactive phase may promote body weight gain and that this effect is based on disruption of circadian clocks. METHODS Male mice were fed a daily chocolate snack either during their rest or their active phase and body weight development and metabolic parameters were investigated. Snacking experiments were repeated in constant darkness and in clock-deficient mutant mice to examine the role of external and internal time cues in mediating the metabolic effects of snacking. RESULTS Chronic snacking in the rest phase increased body weight gain and disrupted metabolic circadian rhythms in energy expenditure, body temperature, and locomotor activity. Additionally, these rest phase snacking mice assimilated more energy during the inactive phase. Body weight remained increased in rest phase snacking wildtype mice in constant darkness as well as in clock-deficient mutant mice under a regular light-dark cycle compared to mice snacking in the active phase. Weight gain effects were abolished in clock-deficient mice in constant darkness. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that mistimed snacking increases energy resorption and promotes body weight gain. This effect requires a functional circadian clock at least under constant darkness conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Begemann
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Pia Witt
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julica Inderhees
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Bioanalytic Core Facility, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christiane E. Koch
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Jöhren
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Bioanalytic Core Facility, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany,Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Liskiewicz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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Xu J, Fang H, Chong Y, Lin L, Xie T, Ji J, Shen C, Shi C, Shan J. Cyclophosphamide Induces Lipid and Metabolite Perturbation in Amniotic Fluid during Rat Embryonic Development. Metabolites 2022; 12:1105. [PMID: 36422245 PMCID: PMC9693482 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) has been proven to be an embryo-fetal toxic. However, the mechanism responsible for the toxicity of the teratogenic agent has not been fully explored. This study aimed to examine the teratogenicity of CP when administered in the sensitive period of pregnant rats. The effect of CP on the lipid and metabolic profiles of amniotic fluid was evaluated using a UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS-based method. Metabolome analysis was performed using the MS-DIAL software with LipidBlast and NIST. Initially, we identified 636 and 154 lipid compounds in the positive and negative ion modes and 118 metabolites for differential analysis. Mainly 4 types of oxidized lipids in the amniotic fluid were found to accumulate most significantly after CP treatment, including very-long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (VLCUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing triglycerides (TGs), oxidized phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin (SM). Tryptophan and some long-chain saturated fatty acids were lowered pronouncedly after CP treatment. These findings suggest that CP may exert teratogenic toxicity on pregnant rats through maternal and fetal oxidative stress. The UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS-based lipidomics approach is worthy of wider application for evaluating the potential toxicity of other agents (toxicants) during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huafeng Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Chong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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PI3K and AKT at the Interface of Signaling and Metabolism. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:311-336. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sanchez TR, Hu X, Zhao J, Tran V, Loiacono N, Go YM, Goessler W, Cole S, Umans J, Jones DP, Navas-Acien A, Uppal K. An atlas of metallome and metabolome interactions and associations with incident diabetes in the Strong Heart Family Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106810. [PMID: 34365318 PMCID: PMC8490308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to certain metals plays a role in disease development. Integrating untargeted metabolomics with urinary metallome data may contribute to better understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and complex molecular interactions related to environmental metal exposures. To discover novel associations between urinary metal biomarkers and metabolism networks, we conducted an integrative metallome-metabolome analysis using a panel of urinary metals and untargeted blood metabolomic data from the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). METHODS The SHFS is a prospective family-based cohort study comprised of American Indian men and women recruited in 2001-2003. This nested case-control analysis of 145 participants of which 50 developed incident diabetes at follow up in 2006-2009, included participants with urinary metal and untargeted metabolomic data. Concentrations of 8 creatinine-adjusted urine metals/metalloids [antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), tungsten (W), uranium (U) and zinc (Zn)], and 4 arsenic species [inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), and arsenobetaine (AsB)] were measured. Global metabolomics was performed on plasma samples using high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. We performed an integrative network analysis using xMWAS and a metabolic pathway analysis using Mummichog. RESULTS 8,810 metabolic features and 12 metal species were included in the integrative network analysis. Most metal species were associated with distinct subsets of metabolites, forming single-metal-multiple-metabolite clusters (|r|>0.28, p-value < 0.001). DMA (clustering with W), iAs (clustering with U), together with Mo and Se showed modest interactions through associations with common metabolites. Pathway enrichment analysis of associated metabolites (|r|>0.17, p-value < 0.1) showed effects in amino acid metabolism (AsB, Sb, Se and U), fatty acid and lipid metabolism (iAs, Mo, W, Sb, Pb, Cd and Zn). In stratified analyses among participants who went on to develop diabetes, iAs and U clustered together through shared metabolites, and both were associated with the phosphatidylinositol phosphate metabolism pathway; metals were also associated with metabolites in energy metabolism (iAs, MMA, DMA, U, W) and xenobiotic degradation and metabolism (DMA, Pb) pathways. CONCLUSION In this integrative analysis of multiple metals and untargeted metabolomics, results show common associations with fatty acid, energy and amino acid metabolism pathways. Results for individual metabolite associations differed for different metals, indicating that larger populations will be needed to confirm the metal-metal interactions detected here, such as the strong interaction of uranium and inorganic arsenic. Understanding the biochemical networks underlying metabolic homeostasis and their association with exposure to multiple metals may help identify novel biomarkers, pathways of disease, potential signatures of environmental metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environment Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - ViLinh Tran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nancy Loiacono
- Department of Environment Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Shelley Cole
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jason Umans
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC, USA; MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environment Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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7
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Pessoa Rodrigues C, Chatterjee A, Wiese M, Stehle T, Szymanski W, Shvedunova M, Akhtar A. Histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation controls central carbon metabolism and diet-induced obesity in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6212. [PMID: 34707105 PMCID: PMC8551339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for over 70% of deaths world-wide. Previous work has linked NCDs such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) to disruption of chromatin regulators. However, the exact molecular origins of these chronic conditions remain elusive. Here, we identify the H4 lysine 16 acetyltransferase MOF as a critical regulator of central carbon metabolism. High-throughput metabolomics unveil a systemic amino acid and carbohydrate imbalance in Mof deficient mice, manifesting in T2D predisposition. Oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) reveals defects in glucose assimilation and insulin secretion in these animals. Furthermore, Mof deficient mice are resistant to diet-induced fat gain due to defects in glucose uptake in adipose tissue. MOF-mediated H4K16ac deposition controls expression of the master regulator of glucose metabolism, Pparg and the entire downstream transcriptional network. Glucose uptake and lipid storage can be reconstituted in MOF-depleted adipocytes in vitro by ectopic Glut4 expression, PPARγ agonist thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment or SIRT1 inhibition. Hence, chronic imbalance in H4K16ac promotes a destabilisation of metabolism triggering the development of a metabolic disorder, and its maintenance provides an unprecedented regulatory epigenetic mechanism controlling diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aindrila Chatterjee
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Wiese
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stehle
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Witold Szymanski
- Proteomics Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Shvedunova
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Colella JP, Blumstein DM, MacManes MD. Disentangling environmental drivers of circadian metabolism in desert-adapted mice. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb242529. [PMID: 34495305 PMCID: PMC8502254 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is a complex phenotype shaped by natural environmental rhythms, as well as behavioral, morphological and physiological adaptations. Metabolism has been historically studied under constant environmental conditions, but new methods of continuous metabolic phenotyping now offer a window into organismal responses to dynamic environments, and enable identification of abiotic controls and the timing of physiological responses relative to environmental change. We used indirect calorimetry to characterize metabolic phenotypes of the desert-adapted cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus) in response to variable environmental conditions that mimic their native environment versus those recorded under constant warm and constant cool conditions, with a constant photoperiod and full access to resources. We found significant sexual dimorphism, with males being more prone to dehydration than females. Under circadian environmental variation, most metabolic shifts occurred prior to physical environmental change and the timing was disrupted under both constant treatments. The ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed (the respiratory quotient) reached greater than 1.0 only during the light phase under diurnally variable conditions, a pattern that strongly suggests that lipogenesis contributes to the production of energy and endogenous water. Our results are consistent with historical descriptions of circadian torpor in this species (torpid by day, active by night), but reject the hypothesis that torpor is initiated by food restriction or negative water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew D. MacManes
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Park J, Choi J, Kim DD, Lee S, Lee B, Lee Y, Kim S, Kwon S, Noh M, Lee MO, Le QV, Oh YK. Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:465-482. [PMID: 34462378 PMCID: PMC8411027 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc-Viet Le
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Badodi S, Pomella N, Zhang X, Rosser G, Whittingham J, Niklison-Chirou MV, Lim YM, Brandner S, Morrison G, Pollard SM, Bennett CD, Clifford SC, Peet A, Basson MA, Marino S. Inositol treatment inhibits medulloblastoma through suppression of epigenetic-driven metabolic adaptation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2148. [PMID: 33846320 PMCID: PMC8042111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of chromatin modifiers plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma, the most common paediatric malignant brain tumour. Here, we identify a BMI1-dependent sensitivity to deregulation of inositol metabolism in a proportion of medulloblastoma. We demonstrate mTOR pathway activation and metabolic adaptation specifically in medulloblastoma of the molecular subgroup G4 characterised by a BMI1High;CHD7Low signature and show this can be counteracted by IP6 treatment. Finally, we demonstrate that IP6 synergises with cisplatin to enhance its cytotoxicity in vitro and extends survival in a pre-clinical BMI1High;CHD7Low xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badodi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Whittingham
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI-Bath), Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Yau Mun Lim
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gillian Morrison
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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11
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Evaluating a New Class of AKT/mTOR Activators for HIV Latency Reversing Activity Ex Vivo and In Vivo. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02393-20. [PMID: 33536176 PMCID: PMC8103695 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02393-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An ability to activate latent HIV-1 expression could benefit many HIV cure strategies, but the first generation of latency reversing agents (LRAs) has proven disappointing. We evaluated AKT/mTOR activators as a potential new class of LRAs. Two glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors (GSK-3i's), SB-216763 and tideglusib (the latter already in phase II clinical trials) that activate AKT/mTOR signaling were tested. These GSK-3i's reactivated latent HIV-1 present in blood samples from aviremic individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the absence of T cell activation, release of inflammatory cytokines, cell toxicity, or impaired effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes or NK cells. However, when administered in vivo to SIV-infected rhesus macaques on suppressive ART, tideglusib exhibited poor pharmacodynamic properties and resulted in no clear evidence of significant SIV latency reversal. Whether alternative pharmacological formulations or combinations of this drug with other classes of LRAs will lead to an effective in vivo latency-reversing strategy remains to be determined.IMPORTANCE If combined with immune therapeutics, latency reversing agents (LRAs) have the potential to reduce the size of the reservoir sufficiently that an engineered immune response can control the virus in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. We have identified a new class of LRAs that do not induce T-cell activation and that are able to potentiate, rather than inhibit, CD8+ T and NK cell cytotoxic effector functions. This new class of LRAs corresponds to inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3. In this work, we have also studied the effects of one member of this drug class, tideglusib, in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys. When tested in vivo, however, tideglusib showed unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, which resulted in lack of SIV latency reversal. The disconnect between our ex vivo and in vivo results highlights the importance of developing next generation LRAs with pharmacological properties that allow systemic drug delivery in relevant anatomical compartments harboring latent reservoirs.
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12
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Xia M, Chandrasekaran P, Rong S, Fu X, Mitsche MA. Hepatic deletion of Mboat7 (LPIAT1) causes activation of SREBP-1c and fatty liver. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100031. [PMID: 32859645 PMCID: PMC8022244 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants that increase the risk of fatty liver disease and cirrhosis have recently been identified in the proximity of membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7). To elucidate the link between these variants and fatty liver disease, we characterized Mboat7 liver-specific KO mice (Mboat7 LSKO). Chow-fed Mboat7 LSKO mice developed fatty livers and associated liver injury. Lipidomic analysis of liver using MS revealed a pronounced reduction in 20-carbon PUFA content in phosphatidylinositols (PIs) but not in other phospholipids. The change in fatty acid composition of PIs in these mice was associated with a marked increase in de novo lipogenesis because of activation of SREBP-1c, a transcription factor that coordinates the activation of genes encoding enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Hepatic removal of both SREBP cleavage-activating protein (Scap) and Mboat7 normalized hepatic triglycerides relative to Scap-only hepatic KO, showing that increased SREBP-1c processing is required for Mboat7-induced steatosis. This study reveals a clear relationship between PI fatty acid composition and regulation of hepatic fat synthesis and delineates the mechanism by which mutations in MBOAT7 cause hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Xia
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Preethi Chandrasekaran
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shunxing Rong
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew A Mitsche
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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D'Souza SW, Copp AJ, Greene NDE, Glazier JD. Maternal Inositol Status and Neural Tube Defects: A Role for the Human Yolk Sac in Embryonic Inositol Delivery? Adv Nutr 2020; 12:212-222. [PMID: 32892218 PMCID: PMC7849949 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with myo-inositol during the periconceptional period of pregnancy may ameliorate the recurrence risk of having a fetus affected by a neural tube defect (NTD; e.g., spina bifida). This could be of particular importance in providing a means for preventing NTDs that are unresponsive to folic acid. This review highlights the characteristics of inositol and describes the role of myo-inositol in the prevention of NTDs in rodent studies and the evidence for its efficacy in reducing NTD risk in human pregnancy. The possible reduction in NTD risk by maternal myo-inositol implies functional and developmentally important maternal-embryonic inositol interrelationships and also suggests that embryonic uptake of myo-inositol is crucial for embryonic development. The establishment of active myo-inositol cellular uptake mechanisms in the embryonic stages of human pregnancy, when the neural tube is closing, is likely to be an important determinant of normal development. We draw attention to the generation of materno-fetal inositol concentration gradients and relationships, and outline a transport pathway by which myo-inositol may be delivered to the early developing human embryo. These considerations provide novel insights into the mechanisms that may underpin inositol's ability to confer embryonic developmental benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W D'Souza
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Shrestha D, Ouidir M, Workalemahu T, Zeng X, Tekola-Ayele F. Placental DNA methylation changes associated with maternal prepregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1406-1416. [PMID: 32071425 PMCID: PMC7261634 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity prior to or during pregnancy influences fetal growth, predisposing the offspring to increased risk for obesity across the life course. Placental epigenetic mechanisms may underlie these associations. We conducted an epigenome-wide association study to identify placental DNA methylation changes associated with maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and rate of gestational weight gain at first (GWG1), second (GWG2), and third trimester (GWG3). METHOD Participants of the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies with genome-wide placental DNA methylation (n = 301) and gene expression (n = 75) data were included. Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to test the associations of 1 kg/m2 increase in prepregnancy BMI or 1 kg/week increase in GWG with DNA methylation levels. Genes harboring top differentially methylated CpGs (FDR P < 0.05) were evaluated for placental gene expression. We assessed whether DNA methylation sites known to be associated with BMI in child or adult tissues, were also associated with maternal prepregnancy BMI in placenta. RESULTS Prepregnancy BMI was associated with DNA methylation at cg14568196[EGFL7], cg15339142[VETZ], and cg02301019[AC092377.1] (FDR P < 0.05, P ranging from 1.4 × 10-10 to 1.7 × 10-9). GWG1 or GWG2 was associated with DNA methylation at cg17918270[MYT1L], cg20735365[DLX5], and cg17451688[SLC35F3] (FDR P < 0.05, P ranging from 6.4 × 10-10 to 1.2 × 10-8). Both prepregnancy BMI and DNA methylation at cg1456819 [EGFL7] were negatively correlated with EGFL7 expression in placenta (P < 0.05). Several CpGs previously implicated in obesity traits in children and adults were associated with prepregnancy BMI in placenta. Functional annotations revealed that EGFL7 is highly expressed in placenta and the differentially methylated CpG sites near EGFL7 and VEZT were cis-meQTL targets in blood. CONCLUSIONS We identified placental DNA methylation changes at novel loci associated with prepregnancy BMI and GWG. The overlap between CpGs associated with obesity traits in placenta and other tissues in children and adults suggests that epigenetic mechanisms in placenta may give insights to early origins of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Shrestha
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marion Ouidir
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuehuo Zeng
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Gozzelino L, De Santis MC, Gulluni F, Hirsch E, Martini M. PI(3,4)P2 Signaling in Cancer and Metabolism. Front Oncol 2020; 10:360. [PMID: 32296634 PMCID: PMC7136497 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositide 3 kinases (PI3Ks) and their downstream mediators AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are central regulators of glycolysis, cancer metabolism, and cancer cell proliferation. At the molecular level, PI3K signaling involves the generation of the second messenger lipids phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]. There is increasing evidence that PI(3,4)P2 is not only the waste product for the removal of PI(3,4,5)P3 but can also act as a signaling molecule. The selective cellular functions for PI(3,4)P2 independent of PI(3,4,5)P3 have been recently described, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis and mTOR regulation. However, the specific spatiotemporal dynamics and signaling role of PI3K minor lipid messenger PI(3,4)P2 are not well-understood. This review aims at highlighting the biological functions of this lipid downstream of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases and its implication in cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gozzelino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara De Santis
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Gulluni
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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16
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Using Phosphatidylinositol Phosphorylation as Markers for Hyperglycemic Related Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072320. [PMID: 32230859 PMCID: PMC7177416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a higher incidence of breast cancer and related mortality rates. T2D postmenopausal women have an ~20% increased chance of developing breast cancer, and women with T2D and breast cancer have a 50% increase in mortality compared to breast cancer patients without diabetes. This correlation has been attributed to the general activation of insulin receptor signaling, glucose metabolism, phosphatidylinositol (PI) kinases, and growth pathways. Furthermore, the presence of breast cancer specific PI kinase and/or phosphatase mutations enhance metastatic breast cancer phenotypes. We hypothesized that each of the breast cancer subtypes may have characteristic PI phosphorylation profiles that are changed in T2D conditions. Therefore, we sought to characterize the PI phosphorylation when equilibrated in normal glycemic versus hyperglycemic serum conditions. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia leads to: 1) A reduction in PI3P and PIP3, with increased PI4P that is later converted to PI(3,4)P2 at the cell surface in hormone receptor positive breast cancer; 2) a reduction in PI3P and PI4P with increased PIP3 surface expression in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer; and 3) an increase in di- and tri-phosphorylated PIs due to turnover of PI3P in triple negative breast cancer. This study begins to describe some of the crucial changes in PIs that play a role in T2D related breast cancer incidence and metastasis.
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17
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Varela-Rodríguez BM, Juiz-Valiña P, Varela L, Outeiriño-Blanco E, Bravo SB, García-Brao MJ, Mena E, Noguera JF, Valero-Gasalla J, Cordido F, Sangiao-Alvarellos S. Beneficial Effects of Bariatric Surgery-Induced by Weight Loss on the Proteome of Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010213. [PMID: 31941045 PMCID: PMC7019912 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for obesity and has a positive impact on cardiometabolic risk and in the remission of type 2 diabetes. Following BS, the majority of fat mass is lost from the subcutaneous adipose tissue depot (SAT). However, the changes in this depot and functions and as well as its relative contribution to the beneficial effects of this surgery are still controversial. With the aim of studying altered proteins and molecular pathways in abdominal SAT (aSAT) after body weight normalization induced by BS, we carried out a proteomic approach sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) analysis. These results were complemented by Western blot, electron microscopy and RT-qPCR. With all of the working tools mentioned, we confirmed that after BS, up-regulated proteins were associated with metabolism, the citric acid cycle and respiratory electron transport, triglyceride catabolism and metabolism, formation of ATP, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and thermogenesis among others. In contrast, proteins with decreased values are part of the biological pathways related to the immune system. We also confirmed that obesity caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial density and coverage, which was corrected by BS. Together, these findings reveal specific molecular mechanisms, genes and proteins that improve adipose tissue function after BS characterized by lower inflammation, increased glucose uptake, higher insulin sensitivity, higher de novo lipogenesis, increased mitochondrial function and decreased adipocyte size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara María Varela-Rodríguez
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (B.M.V.-R.); (P.J.-V.); (F.C.)
- INIBIC (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Juiz-Valiña
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (B.M.V.-R.); (P.J.-V.); (F.C.)
- INIBIC (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis Varela
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Elena Outeiriño-Blanco
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Susana Belén Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15705 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - María Jesús García-Brao
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.G.-B.); (E.M.); (J.F.N.)
| | - Enrique Mena
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.G.-B.); (E.M.); (J.F.N.)
| | - José Francisco Noguera
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (M.J.G.-B.); (E.M.); (J.F.N.)
| | - Javier Valero-Gasalla
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. Hospital Universitario A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Fernando Cordido
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (B.M.V.-R.); (P.J.-V.); (F.C.)
- INIBIC (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Oza, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; (B.M.V.-R.); (P.J.-V.); (F.C.)
- INIBIC (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña), Xubias de Arriba, 84. 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CICA (Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas), As Carballeiras, s/n Campus de, San Vicente de Elviña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Association analysis between feed efficiency and expression of key genes of the avTOR signaling pathway in meat-type ducks. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3537-3544. [PMID: 31140048 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Genes involved in the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway are implicated in nutrient translation, cell proliferation and differentiation, and anabolism, which can affect both growth and feed intake. However, the role of TOR signaling in the regulation of feed intake and feed efficiency in poultry is not clear. In the present study, a total of 1000 ducks, of similar initial weight, were chosen and transferred to individual cages to determine their residual feed intake (RFI) from the age of 21 to 42 days. Subsequently, 60 ducks, which were divided into high (HRFI) and low (LRFI) groups according to their RFI, were chosen to analyze the TOR signaling activities in the liver. The differential expression level of genes involved in the TOR signaling pathway was assayed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. In the liver, the expression of AKT, avTOR, avLST8, and S6K1 was significantly higher in LRFI ducks than in HRFI ducks; avTOR and AKT were negatively associated with the feed conversion ratio and RFI. Furthermore, PI3K was moderately positively associated with AKT; AKT was strongly positively associated with PI3K, avTOR, avLST8, and S6K1; and avTOR was strongly positively associated with S6K1. In conclusion, the activation of avTOR signaling in the liver of LRFI ducks might be ascribed to higher energy state or more active nutrient transport (amino acids), or both, than those in the liver of HRFI ducks. The results of the present study indicate that AKT and avTOR of TOR signaling might be used as candidate genes to assess molecular regulation of feed efficiency.
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19
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Xing Y, Zhang J, Wei H, Zhang H, Guan Y, Wang X, Tong X. Reduction of the PI3K/Akt related signaling activities in skeletal muscle tissues involves insulin resistance in intrauterine growth restriction rats with catch-up growth. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216665. [PMID: 31071176 PMCID: PMC6508867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are prone to insulin resistance, whereas the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated if the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in skeletal muscle tissues involves insulin resistance in IUGR offsprings, particularly ones with catch-up growth. An IUGR rat model was established by feeding rats an isocaloric (30.50 Kcal/g) diet containing 8% protein (low-protein diet) from day 1 of pregnancy until the birth of their pups. Glucometabolic parameters were measured and compared. Quantitative PCR and western blot were performed to assess mRNA and protein expression changes of the PI3K/Akt related signals in skeletal muscle tissues. Pearson analysis was used to assess the correlation of the PI3K/Akt signaling level and catch-up growth with the insulin resistance index (IRI). The values of fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin and IRI were significantly higher, whereas insulin sensitivity index was significantly lower in IUGR offsprings than those in the controls. The PI3K mRNA and protein levels as well as the phospho-AktSer473 levels were significantly lower in IUGR offsprings compared to the controls. Reductions of GLUT4 as well as increases of PTEN and nuclear fractional PPARγ were detected in IUGR offsprings. Catch-up growth IUGR rats were positively correlated with insulin resistance and underwent more remarkable alterations of the PI3K, PTEN and GLUT4 expressions. Our results demonstrated that rats born IUGR developed insulin resistance later in life, which was likely mediated by reductions of the PI3K/Akt related signaling activities, particularly in those with excess catch-up growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of pediatrics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongling Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Guan
- Department of Pulmonary, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (XT)
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (XT)
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Formononetin Enhances the Tumoricidal Effect of Everolimus in Breast Cancer MDA-MB-468 Cells by Suppressing the mTOR Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9610629. [PMID: 31007702 PMCID: PMC6441524 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9610629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Formononetin, an active ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Astragalus membranaceus, has anticancer and chemoresistance-reducing biological activities. We evaluated the efficacy of formononetin in improving the tumoricidal effect of everolimus by suppressing the mTOR pathway in breast cancer cells. Methods Cell survival was assessed using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Proteins related to the mTOR pathway were detected and assessed using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Results. The results showed that formononetin enhances the efficacy of everolimus in suppressing breast cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of formononetin and everolimus resulted in a 2-fold decrease in tumor volume and a 21.6% decrease in cell survival. The apoptosis ratio in cells treated with formononetin and everolimus increased by 27.9%. Formononetin and everolimus also inhibited the expression of p-mTOR and p-P70S6K and increased the expression of PTEN and p-4EBP-1. Notably, formononetin alone inhibited p-Akt expression but not everolimus. Conclusions Formononetin enhances the tumoricidal effect of everolimus by inhibiting the activity of Akt.
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Chang W, Hatch GM, Wang Y, Yu F, Wang M. The relationship between phospholipids and insulin resistance: From clinical to experimental studies. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:702-710. [PMID: 30402908 PMCID: PMC6349352 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance induced by high‐fat diet and impropriate life style is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies in metabolic dysfunction have extended this beyond simply elevated cholesterol and triglycerides levels and have identified a key role for lipid metabolism. For example, altered phospholipid metabolism has now become central in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the association between insulin sensitivity and phospholipid metabolism and highlight the most significant discoveries generated over the last several decades. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge surrounding the molecular mechanisms related to phospholipids and insulin resistance and provide new insight for future research into their relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Chang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, DREAM Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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22
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Kimble-Hill AC, Petrache HI, Seifert S, Firestone MA. Reorganization of Ternary Lipid Mixtures of Nonphosphorylated Phosphatidylinositol Interacting with Angiomotin. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8404-8415. [PMID: 29877706 PMCID: PMC6351316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids are necessary for many cellular signaling pathways of membrane associated proteins, such as angiomotin (Amot). The Amot family regulates cellular polarity, growth, and migration. Given the low concentration of PI lipids in these membranes, it is likely that such protein-membrane interactions are stabilized by lipid domains or small lipid clusters. By small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that nonphosphorylated PI lipids induce lipid demixing in ternary mixtures of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), likely because of preferential interactions between the head groups of PE and PI. These results were obtained in the presence of buffer containing tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid, NaCl, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, dithiothreitol, and benzamidine at pH 8.0 that in previous work showed an ability to cause PC to phase separate but are necessary to stabilize Amot for in vitro experimentation. Collectively, this provided a framework for determining the effect of Amot on lipid organization. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, we were able to show that the association of Amot with this lipid platform causes significant reorganization of the lipid into a more homogenous structure. This reorganization mechanism could be the basis for Amot membrane association and fusogenic activity previously described in the literature and should be taken into consideration in future protein-membrane interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C. Kimble-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 4053, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Horia I. Petrache
- Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, LD 154, 402 N. Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Millicent A. Firestone
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MPA-CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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23
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Moure MJ, Zhuo Y, Boons GJ, Prestegard JH. Perdeuterated and 13C-enriched myo-inositol for DNP assisted monitoring of enzymatic phosphorylation by inositol-3-kinase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12398-12401. [PMID: 29067365 PMCID: PMC5690875 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of perdeuterated and 13C enriched myo-inositol is presented. Myo-inositol and its derivatives are of interest as substrates for enzymes producing phosphorylated species with regulatory functions in many organisms. Its utility in monitoring real-time phosphorylation by myo-inositol-3-kinase is illustrated using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to enhance NMR observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Moure
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602
| | - Y. Zhuo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602
| | - G. J. Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602
| | - J. H. Prestegard
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602
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24
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Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation - the attachment of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties to cytoplasmic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins - is a post-translational modification that regulates fundamental cellular processes in metazoans. A single pair of enzymes - O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) - controls the dynamic cycling of this protein modification in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in our understanding of O-GlcNAcylation at levels that range from structural and molecular biology to cell signalling and gene regulation to physiology and disease. New mechanisms and functions of O-GlcNAcylation that are emerging from these recent developments enable us to begin constructing a unified conceptual framework through which the significance of this modification in cellular and organismal physiology can be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Kevin Qian
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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25
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Stuart CA, Lee ML, South MA, Howell MEA, Stone MH. Muscle hypertrophy in prediabetic men after 16 wk of resistance training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:894-901. [PMID: 28663372 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00023.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training of healthy young men typically results in muscle hypertrophy and a shift in vastus lateralis composition away from type IIx fibers to an increase in IIa fiber content. Our previous studies of 8 wk of resistance training found that many metabolic syndrome men and women paradoxically increased IIx fibers with a decrease in IIa fibers. To confirm the hypothesis that obese subjects might have muscle remodeling after resistance training very different from healthy lean subjects, we subjected a group of nine obese male volunteers to progressive resistance training for a total of 16 wk. In these studies, weight loss was discouraged so that muscle changes would be attributed to the training alone. Detailed assessments included comparisons of histological examinations of needle biopsies of vastus lateralis muscle pretraining and at 8 and 16 wk. Prolonging the training from 8 to 16 wk resulted in increased strength, improved body composition, and more muscle fiber hypertrophy, but euglycemic clamp-quantified insulin responsiveness did not improve. Similar to prior studies, muscle fiber composition shifted toward more fast-twitch type IIx fibers (23 to 42%). Eight weeks of resistance training increased the muscle expression of phosphorylated Akt2 and mTOR. Muscle GLUT4 expression increased, although insulin receptor and IRS-1 expression did not change. We conclude that resistance training of prediabetic obese subjects is effective at changing muscle, resulting in fiber hypertrophy and increased type IIx fiber content, and these changes continue up to 16 wk of training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obese, insulin-resistant men responded to 16 wk of progressive resistance training with muscle hypertrophy and increased strength and a shift in muscle fiber composition toward fast-twitch, type IIx fibers. Activation of muscle mTOR was increased by 8 wk but did not increase further at 16 wk despite continued augmentation of peak power and rate of force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Stuart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee;
| | - Michelle L Lee
- Department of Allied Health, College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee and
| | - Mark A South
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Clemmer College of Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Mary E A Howell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Michael H Stone
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, Clemmer College of Education, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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26
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Protein O-GlcNAcylation: emerging mechanisms and functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28488703 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.22,+10.1038/nrn.2017.89,+10.1038/nrn.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation - the attachment of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties to cytoplasmic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins - is a post-translational modification that regulates fundamental cellular processes in metazoans. A single pair of enzymes - O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) - controls the dynamic cycling of this protein modification in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in our understanding of O-GlcNAcylation at levels that range from structural and molecular biology to cell signalling and gene regulation to physiology and disease. New mechanisms and functions of O-GlcNAcylation that are emerging from these recent developments enable us to begin constructing a unified conceptual framework through which the significance of this modification in cellular and organismal physiology can be understood.
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27
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Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation - the attachment of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties to cytoplasmic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins - is a post-translational modification that regulates fundamental cellular processes in metazoans. A single pair of enzymes - O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) - controls the dynamic cycling of this protein modification in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in our understanding of O-GlcNAcylation at levels that range from structural and molecular biology to cell signalling and gene regulation to physiology and disease. New mechanisms and functions of O-GlcNAcylation that are emerging from these recent developments enable us to begin constructing a unified conceptual framework through which the significance of this modification in cellular and organismal physiology can be understood.
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28
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MacManes MD. Severe acute dehydration in a desert rodent elicits a transcriptional response that effectively prevents kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F262-F272. [PMID: 28381460 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00067.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals living in desert environments are forced to survive despite severe heat, intense solar radiation, and both acute and chronic dehydration. These animals have evolved phenotypes that effectively address these environmental stressors. To begin to understand the ways in which the desert-adapted rodent Peromyscus eremicus survives, reproductively mature adults were subjected to 72 h of water deprivation, during which they lost, on average, 23% of their body weight. The animals reacted via a series of changes in the kidney, which included modulating expression of genes responsible for reducing the rate of transcription and maintaining water and salt balance. Extracellular matrix turnover appeared to be decreased, and apoptosis was limited. In contrast to the canonical human response, serum creatinine and other biomarkers of kidney injury were not elevated, suggesting that changes in gene expression related to acute dehydration may effectively prohibit widespread kidney damage in the cactus mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew David MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
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29
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Greene NDE, Leung KY, Copp AJ. Inositol, neural tube closure and the prevention of neural tube defects. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:68-80. [PMID: 27324558 PMCID: PMC5353661 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to neural tube defects (NTDs), such as anencephaly and spina bifida is influenced by genetic and environmental factors including maternal nutrition. Maternal periconceptional supplementation with folic acid significantly reduces the risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy, but does not prevent all NTDs, and "folic acid non-responsive" NTDs continue to occur. Similarly, among mouse models of NTDs, some are responsive to folic acid but others are not. Among nutritional factors, inositol deficiency causes cranial NTDs in mice while supplemental inositol prevents spinal and cranial NTDs in the curly tail (Grhl3 hypomorph) mouse, rodent models of hyperglycemia or induced diabetes, and in a folate-deficiency induced NTD model. NTDs also occur in mice lacking expression of certain inositol kinases. Inositol-containing phospholipids (phosphoinositides) and soluble inositol phosphates mediate a range of functions, including intracellular signaling, interaction with cytoskeletal proteins, and regulation of membrane identity in trafficking and cell division. Myo-inositol has been trialed in humans for a range of conditions and appears safe for use in human pregnancy. In pilot studies in Italy and the United Kingdom, women took inositol together with folic acid preconceptionally, after one or more previous NTD-affected pregnancies. In nonrandomized cohorts and a randomized double-blind study in the United Kingdom, no recurrent NTDs were observed among 52 pregnancies reported to date. Larger-scale fully powered trials are needed to determine whether supplementation with inositol and folic acid would more effectively prevent NTDs than folic acid alone. Birth Defects Research 109:68-80, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D E Greene
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kit-Yi Leung
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Newlife Birth Defects Research Centre and Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Shen S, Weng R, Li L, Xu X, Bai Y, Liu H. Metabolomic Analysis of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells in Response to Autophagy Induced by Acute Starvation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34075. [PMID: 27703171 PMCID: PMC5050436 DOI: 10.1038/srep34075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-related protein 7 (Atg7) is essential in the formation of the autophagophore and is indispensable for autophagy induction. Autophagy will exist in lower level or even be blocked in cells without Atg7. Even though the possible signaling pathways of Atg7 have been proposed, the metabolomic responses under acute starvation in cells with and without Atg7 have not been elucidated. This study therefore was designed and aimed to reveal the metabolomics of Atg7-dependent autophagy through metabolomic analysis of Atg7-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) and wild-type MEFs along with the starvation time. 30 significantly altered metabolites were identified in response to nutrient stress, which were mainly associated with amino acid, energy, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. For the wild-type MEFs, the induction of autophagy protected cell survival with some up-regulated lipids during the first two hours' starvation, while the subsequent apoptosis resulted in the decrease of cell viability after four hours' starvation. For the Atg7-/- MEFs, apoptosis perhaps led to the deactivation of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle due to the lack of autophagy, which resulted in the immediate drop of cellular viability under starvation. These results contributed to the metabolomic study and provided new insights into the mechanism associated with Atg7-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Rui Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linnan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Kachko I, Traitel T, Goldbart R, Silbert L, Katz M, Bashan N, Jelinek R, Rudich A, Kost J. Polymeric carrier-mediated intracellular delivery of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate to overcome insulin resistance. J Drug Target 2016; 23:698-709. [PMID: 26453165 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1052076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) is a major lipid second messenger in insulin-mediated signalling towards the metabolic actions of this hormone in muscle and fat. PURPOSE Assessing the intracellular transport of exogenous PIP3 attached to a polymeric carrier in an attempt to overcome cellular insulin resistance. METHODS Artificial chromatic bio-mimetic membrane vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and polydiacetylene were applied to screen the polymeric carriers. PIP3 cellular localization and bio-activity was assessed by fluorescent and live-cell microscopy in L6 muscle cells and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We demonstrate that a specific-branched polyethylenimine (PEI-25, 25 kDa) carrier forms complexes with PIP3 that interact with the bio-mimetic membrane vesicles in a manner predictive of their interaction with cells: In L6 muscle cells, PEI-25/fluorescent-PIP3 complexes are retarded at the cell perimeter. PEI-25/PIP3 complexes retain their bio-activity, engaging signalling steps downstream of PIP3, even in muscle cells rendered insulin resistant by exposure to high glucose/high insulin. CONCLUSIONS Inducing insulin actions by intracellular PIP3 delivery (PEI-25/PIP3 complexes) in some forms of insulin-resistant cells provides the first proof-of-principle for the potential therapeutic use of PIP3 in a "second-messenger agonist" approach. In addition, utilization of an artificial bio-mimetic membrane platform to screen for highly efficient PIP3 delivery predicts biological function in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Assaf Rudich
- c Department of Clinical Biochemistry , and.,d The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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Prevention and Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Tanshinone IIA Sodium Sulfonate on Acute Liver Injury Mice Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4097398. [PMID: 27274751 PMCID: PMC4870345 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4097398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA sodium sulfonate (TSS) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, which is the main pharmacologically active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This study aimed to verify the preventive and therapeutic effects of TSS and its combined therapeutic effects with magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MI) in D-galactosamine- (D-Gal-) induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice. The potential regulatory mechanisms of TSS on ALI were also examined. Our results may provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutics for ALI.
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Cheng W, Wu P, Du Y, Wang Y, Zhou N, Ge Y, Yang Z. Puerarin improves cardiac function through regulation of energy metabolism in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced diabetic mice after myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1108-14. [PMID: 26079885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that the incidence of heart failure and the risk of death is high in diabetic patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Accumulating evidence showed that puerarin (PUE) has protecting function on both cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The aim of this study is to explore whether puerarin could improve cardiac function in diabetic mice after MI and the underlying mechanism. The left anterior of Streptozotocin (STZ)-Nicotinamide (NA) induced diabetic mice were ligated permanently except for the Shame group. Then the operated mice were randomly treated with PUE or saline. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiograph before and at 1, 2, 4 weeks after MI. GLUT4/CD36/p-Akt/PPAR α of the heart was examined after treatment for 4 weeks. The results indicated that PUE significantly increased survival rate, improved cardiac function compared with MI group. Moreover, PUE increased expression and translocation of GLUT4 while attenuated expression and translocation of CD36. Western blot analysis showed that PUE enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and decreased PPAR α. This study demonstrated that PUE improved cardiac function after MI in diabetic mice through regulation of energy metabolism, the possible mechanism responsible for the effect of PUE was increasing the expression and translocation of GLUT4 while attenuating the expression and translocation of CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqiang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunle Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningtian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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