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Mu R, Momeni S, Krieger M, Xie B, Cao X, Merritt J, Wu H. Plasmalogen, a glycerophospholipid crucial for Streptococcus mutans acid tolerance and colonization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0150023. [PMID: 38456674 PMCID: PMC11022534 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01500-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogen is a specific glycerophospholipid present in both animal and bacterial organisms. It plays a crucial function in eukaryotic cellular processes and is closely related to several human diseases, including neurological disorders and cancers. Nonetheless, the precise biological role of plasmalogen in bacteria is not well understood. In this study, we identified SMU_438c as the enzyme responsible for plasmalogen production in Streptococcus mutans under anaerobic conditions. The heterologous expression of SMU_438c in a plasmalogen-negative strain, Streptococcus sanguinis, resulted in the production of plasmalogen, indicating that this enzyme is sufficient for plasmalogen production. Additionally, the plasmalogen-deficient S. mutans exhibited significantly lower acid tolerance and diminished its colonization in Drosophila flies compared to the wild-type strain and complemented strain. In summary, our data suggest that plasmalogen plays a vital role in bacterial stress tolerance and in vivo colonization. IMPORTANCE This study sheds light on the biological role of plasmalogen, a specific glycerophospholipid, in bacteria, particularly in Streptococcus mutans. Plasmalogens are known for their significant roles in eukaryotic cells and have been linked to human diseases like neurological disorders and cancers. The enzyme SMU_438c, identified as essential for plasmalogen production under anaerobic conditions, was crucial for acid tolerance and in vivo colonization in Drosophila by S. mutans, underscoring its importance in bacterial stress response and colonization. These findings bridge the knowledge gap in bacterial physiology, highlighting plasmalogen's role in microbial survival and offering potential insights into microbial pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Mu
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephanie Momeni
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Madeline Krieger
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Baotong Xie
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xixi Cao
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Division of Biomaterial and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Ding Y, Zhang C, Zhou M, Xiang Y, Tong A. Hetero-Diels-Alder Cycloaddition Reaction of Vinyl Ethers Enables Selective Fluorescent Labeling of Plasmalogens in Human Plasma Lipids. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13741-13748. [PMID: 37710996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmalogens (Pls) are vinyl ether-containing glycerophospholipids of broad biological interest. Their abnormal levels are associated with neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases. The intricacy of analyzing Pls in lipid samples arises from the wide variety of other coexisting lipid species, which underscores the urgent need for a Pls-specific labeling reaction. To address this challenge, we report an efficient hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between nonterminal vinyl ethers of Pls and o-quinolinone quinone methide probes under mild conditions. On the basis of this mechanism, a selective fluorescent labeling method for Pls is developed. The application of this method permits the exclusive derivatization of Pls over other human plasma lipids. The process also imparts labeled Pls with distinct fluorescence emission and chromatographic retention properties. By integrating this method with high-performance liquid chromatography, we are able to identify individual chromatographic signatures of Pls from 10 different human plasma samples. This Pls signature analytical technique, empowered by the Pls-specific labeling reaction, is cost-effective and simple in terms of instrumentation, suggesting its promising potential for the early screening and diagnosis of diseases linked to Pls abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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3
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2-Hexadecenal Regulates ROS Production and Induces Apoptosis in Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:77-86. [PMID: 36418741 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
2-Hexadecenal (2-HD)-a biologically active long-chain fatty aldehyde formed in organism enzymatically or nonenzymatically in the reaction of free-radical destruction of sphingolipids under the action of hypochlorous acid, producing by myeloperoxidase. This research aimed to study 2-HD effects on polymorphonuclear leukocytes' (PMNLs) functions. It has been shown that at submicromolar concentrations, 2-HD causes an elevation in ROS production by PMNLs. It has been found that such effect is associated with signal transduction pathways modification and expressed in elevation of NADPH oxidase, MPO, and JNK-MAPK contributions to this process. At higher concentrations, 2-HD induces apoptosis, which correlates with a significant increase in free Ca2+ in the cytoplasm, a decrease in ROS production, and a decline in mitochondrial potential. Both of these processes are accompanied by cytoskeleton reorganization.
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Meng X, Liu Y, Huo M, Yang S, Zhang X, Tian L, Li W, Wei J, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Wang Z, Abliz Z. Mapping of Fatty Aldehydes in the Diabetic Rat Brain Using On-Tissue Chemical Derivatization and Air-Flow-Assisted Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Imaging. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:36-46. [PMID: 36564034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty aldehydes (FALs) are involved in various biological processes, and their abnormal metabolism is related to the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. Because of their low ionization efficiency, methods for in situ detection and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) analysis of FALs remain underreported. On-tissue chemical tagging of hardly ionizable target analytes with easily ionized moieties can improve ionization efficiency and detection sensitivity in MSI experiments. In this study, an on-tissue chemical derivatization-air-flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-MSI method was developed to visualize FALs in the rat brain. The method showed high sensitivity and specificity, allowing the use of in situ high-resolution MS3 to identify FALs. The methodology was applied to investigate the region-specific distribution of FALs in the brains of control and diabetic encephalopathy (DE) rats. In DE rats, FALs were found to be significantly enriched in various brain regions, especially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Thus, increased FAL levels and oxidative stress occurred in a region-dependent manner, which may contribute to cognitive function deficits in DE. In summary, we provide a novel method for the in situ detection of FALs in biological tissues as well as new insights into the potential pathogenesis of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyue Meng
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Huo
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lu Tian
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wanfang Li
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China.,Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing 100081, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Dorninger F, Werner ER, Berger J, Watschinger K. Regulation of plasmalogen metabolism and traffic in mammals: The fog begins to lift. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:946393. [PMID: 36120579 PMCID: PMC9471318 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.946393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique chemical structure, plasmalogens do not only exhibit distinct biophysical and biochemical features, but require specialized pathways of biosynthesis and metabolization. Recently, major advances have been made in our understanding of these processes, for example by the attribution of the gene encoding the enzyme, which catalyzes the final desaturation step in plasmalogen biosynthesis, or by the identification of cytochrome C as plasmalogenase, which allows for the degradation of plasmalogens. Also, models have been presented that plausibly explain the maintenance of adequate cellular levels of plasmalogens. However, despite the progress, many aspects around the questions of how plasmalogen metabolism is regulated and how plasmalogens are distributed among organs and tissues in more complex organisms like mammals, remain unresolved. Here, we summarize and interpret current evidence on the regulation of the enzymes involved in plasmalogen biosynthesis and degradation as well as the turnover of plasmalogens. Finally, we focus on plasmalogen traffic across the mammalian body - a topic of major importance, when considering plasmalogen replacement therapies in human disorders, where deficiencies in these lipids have been reported. These involve not only inborn errors in plasmalogen metabolism, but also more common diseases including Alzheimer's disease and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Fabian Dorninger, ; Katrin Watschinger,
| | - Ernst R. Werner
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,*Correspondence: Fabian Dorninger, ; Katrin Watschinger,
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Padmanabhan S, Monera-Girona AJ, Pajares-Martínez E, Bastida-Martínez E, Del Rey Navalón I, Pérez-Castaño R, Galbis-Martínez ML, Fontes M, Elías-Arnanz M. Plasmalogens and Photooxidative Stress Signaling in Myxobacteria, and How it Unmasked CarF/TMEM189 as the Δ1'-Desaturase PEDS1 for Human Plasmalogen Biosynthesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884689. [PMID: 35646900 PMCID: PMC9131029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens are glycerophospholipids with a hallmark sn-1 vinyl ether bond that endows them with unique physical-chemical properties. They have proposed biological roles in membrane organization, fluidity, signaling, and antioxidative functions, and abnormal plasmalogen levels correlate with various human pathologies, including cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. The presence of plasmalogens in animals and in anaerobic bacteria, but not in plants and fungi, is well-documented. However, their occurrence in the obligately aerobic myxobacteria, exceptional among aerobic bacteria, is often overlooked. Tellingly, discovery of the key desaturase indispensable for vinyl ether bond formation, and therefore fundamental in plasmalogen biogenesis, emerged from delving into how the soil myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus responds to light. A recent pioneering study unmasked myxobacterial CarF and its human ortholog TMEM189 as the long-sought plasmanylethanolamine desaturase (PEDS1), thus opening a crucial door to study plasmalogen biogenesis, functions, and roles in disease. The findings demonstrated the broad evolutionary sweep of the enzyme and also firmly established a specific signaling role for plasmalogens in a photooxidative stress response. Here, we will recount our take on this fascinating story and its implications, and review the current state of knowledge on plasmalogens, their biosynthesis and functions in the aerobic myxobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio J Monera-Girona
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Pajares-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Bastida-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Irene Del Rey Navalón
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Castaño
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Luisa Galbis-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Fontes
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Elías-Arnanz
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Área de Genética (Unidad Asociada al IQFR-CSIC), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Gurgul-Convey E. To Be or Not to Be: The Divergent Action and Metabolism of Sphingosine-1 Phosphate in Pancreatic Beta-Cells in Response to Cytokines and Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031638. [PMID: 35163559 PMCID: PMC8835924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with multiple functions conveyed by the activation of cell surface receptors and/or intracellular mediators. A growing body of evidence indicates its important role in pancreatic insulin-secreting beta-cells that are necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. The dysfunction and/or death of beta-cells lead to diabetes development. Diabetes is a serious public health burden with incidence growing rapidly in recent decades. The two major types of diabetes are the autoimmune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and the metabolic stress-related type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Despite many differences in the development, both types of diabetes are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation. The inflammatory component of diabetes remains under-characterized. Recent years have brought new insights into the possible mechanism involved in the increased inflammatory response, suggesting that environmental factors such as a westernized diet may participate in this process. Dietary lipids, particularly palmitate, are substrates for the biosynthesis of bioactive sphingolipids. Disturbed serum sphingolipid profiles were observed in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Many polymorphisms were identified in genes encoding enzymes of the sphingolipid pathway, including sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), the S1P generating enzyme which is highly expressed in beta-cells. Proinflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids have been shown to modulate the expression and activity of S1P-generating and S1P-catabolizing enzymes. In this review, the similarities and differences in the action of extracellular and intracellular S1P in beta-cells exposed to cytokines or free fatty acids will be identified and the outlook for future research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Gurgul-Convey
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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8
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Neutron encoded derivatization of endothelial cell lysates for quantitation of aldehyde metabolites using nESI-LC-HRMS. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1190:339260. [PMID: 34857138 PMCID: PMC8646956 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological aldehydes are difficult to analyze by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry due to their poor proton affinity and low biological concentrations. Chemical derivatization with stable isotope tags is used here for sample multiplexing, increased throughput, improved signal intensity, and quantitation. Nine quaternary amine tags with mass differences as low as 0.0058 Da had no observable chromatographic shifts, small amounts of ion suppression, and minimal matrix effects. Low concentration perfluoropentanoic acid was used as an ion pairing reagent to improve the retention of derivatized aldehydes. Perfluoropentanoic acid addition showed an average of three-fold improvement in limits of detection, 50% reduction in peak width, and 2.5 fold increase in analyte retention. Analysis of fifteen tagged aldehydes yielded an average of 13 nM limit of detection, 9 %RSD, R2 of 0.995, and linear dynamic range of 40-1000 nM. In a single 20 min separation, absolute quantitative data was obtained for 11 reactive aldehydes across 8 aortic endothelial cell samples. High glucose treatment produced significant changes to malondialdehyde, decanal, and (2E)-hexadecenal. These changes are consistent with glucose-induced oxidative stress. This method demonstrates that neutron encoded tagging of aldehydes is suitable for the analysis of complex samples.
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9
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Zeng L, Li X, Preusch CB, He GJ, Xu N, Cheung TH, Qu J, Mak HY. Nuclear receptors NHR-49 and NHR-79 promote peroxisome proliferation to compensate for aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009635. [PMID: 34237064 PMCID: PMC8291716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular level of fatty aldehydes is tightly regulated by aldehyde dehydrogenases to minimize the formation of toxic lipid and protein adducts. Importantly, the dysregulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases has been implicated in neurologic disorder and cancer in humans. However, cellular responses to unresolved, elevated fatty aldehyde levels are poorly understood. Here, we report that ALH-4 is a C. elegans aldehyde dehydrogenase that specifically associates with the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisomes. Based on lipidomic and imaging analysis, we show that the loss of ALH-4 increases fatty aldehyde levels and reduces fat storage. ALH-4 deficiency in the intestine, cell-nonautonomously induces NHR-49/NHR-79-dependent hypodermal peroxisome proliferation. This is accompanied by the upregulation of catalases and fatty acid catabolic enzymes, as indicated by RNA sequencing. Such a response is required to counteract ALH-4 deficiency since alh-4; nhr-49 double mutant animals are sterile. Our work reveals unexpected inter-tissue communication of fatty aldehyde levels and suggests pharmacological modulation of peroxisome proliferation as a therapeutic strategy to tackle pathology related to excess fatty aldehydes. Fatty aldehydes are generated during the turnover of membrane lipids and when cells are under oxidative stress. Because excess fatty aldehydes form toxic adducts with proteins and lipids, their levels are tightly controlled by a family of aldehyde dehydrogenases whose dysfunction has been implicated in genetic disease and cancer in humans. Here, we characterize mutant C. elegans that lack a conserved, membrane-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase ALH-4. Despite elevated levels of fatty aldehydes, these mutant worms survive by increasing the abundance of peroxisomes, which are important organelles for lipid metabolism. Such peroxisome proliferative response depends on the activation of transcription factors NHR-49 and NHR-79, via putative endocrine signals. Accordingly, the fertility of alh-4 mutant worms relies on NHR-49. Our work suggests a latent mechanism that may be activated during aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zeng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher B. Preusch
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gary J. He
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ningyi Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tom H. Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory in Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Nijmeh J, Levy BD. Lipid-Derived Mediators are Pivotal to Leukocyte and Lung Cell Responses in Sepsis and ARDS. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:449-459. [PMID: 34176102 PMCID: PMC8236093 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation in the lung is essential for host defense against pathogens and other injuries but chronic or excessive inflammation can contribute to several common respiratory diseases. In health, the inflammatory response is controlled by several cellular and molecular mechanisms. In addition to anti-inflammatory processes, there are non-phlogistic pro-resolving mechanisms that are engaged to promote the resolution of inflammation and a return to homeostasis. Defects in the production or actions of specialized pro-resolving mediators are associated with diseases characterized by excess or chronic inflammation. In this article, we review cellular and biochemical mechanisms for specialized pro-resolving mediators in health and in sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome as examples of unrestrained inflammatory responses that result in life-threatening pathology. We are honored to contribute to this special edition of the Journal to help celebrate Professor Viswanathan Natarajan’s contributions to our understanding of lipid-derived mediators and metabolism in lung cell responses to inflammatory, infectious, or mechanical insults; his foundational discoveries in cell biochemistry and biophysics are continuing to catalyze further advances by the field to uncover the mechanistic underpinnings of important human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Light-Triggered Carotenogenesis in Myxococcus xanthus: New Paradigms in Photosensory Signaling, Transduction and Gene Regulation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051067. [PMID: 34063365 PMCID: PMC8156234 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxobacteria are Gram-negative δ-proteobacteria found predominantly in terrestrial habitats and often brightly colored due to the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments that protect cells from damage and death by quenching highly reactive and toxic oxidative species, like singlet oxygen, generated upon growth under light. The model myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus turns from yellow in the dark to red upon exposure to light because of the photoinduction of carotenoid biosynthesis. How light is sensed and transduced to bring about regulated carotenogenesis in order to combat photooxidative stress has been extensively investigated in M. xanthus using genetic, biochemical and high-resolution structural methods. These studies have unearthed new paradigms in bacterial light sensing, signal transduction and gene regulation, and have led to the discovery of prototypical members of widely distributed protein families with novel functions. Major advances have been made over the last decade in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the light-dependent signaling and regulation of the transcriptional response leading to carotenogenesis in M. xanthus. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of these findings and their significance.
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Lysophospholipids in Lung Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:373-391. [PMID: 33788203 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The lysophospholipids (LPLs) belong to a group of bioactive lipids that play pivotal roles in several physiological and pathological processes. LPLs are derivatives of phospholipids and consist of a single hydrophobic fatty acid chain, a hydrophilic head, and a phosphate group with or without a large molecule attached. Among the LPLs, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are the simplest, and have been shown to be involved in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases such as acute lung injury, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate LPA and S1P signaling. In this chapter, we will discuss on the role of LPA, S1P, their metabolizing enzymes, inhibitors or agonists of their receptors, and their GPCR-mediated signaling in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases, focusing specially on acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Fu P, Ramchandran R, Sudhadevi T, Kumar PPK, Krishnan Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Parinandi NL, Harijith A, Sadoshima J, Natarajan V. NOX4 Mediates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Nuclear Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Chromatin Remodeling in Lung Epithelium. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:477. [PMID: 33802941 PMCID: PMC8002602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), and earlier, we have shown a role for NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in PA-mediated lung inflammation and injury. Here, we show a role for the lung epithelial cell (LEpC) NOX4 in PA-mediated chromatin remodeling and lung inflammation. Intratracheal administration of PA to Nox4flox/flox mice for 24 h caused lung inflammatory injury; however, epithelial cell-deleted Nox4 mice exhibited reduced lung inflammatory injury, oxidative stress, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased histone acetylation. In LEpCs, NOX4 was localized both in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, and PA stimulation increased the nuclear NOX4 expression and ROS production. Downregulation or inhibition of NOX4 and PKC δ attenuated the PA-induced nuclear ROS. PA-induced histone acetylation was attenuated by Nox4-specific siRNA, unlike Nox2. PA stimulation increased HDAC1/2 oxidation and reduced HDAC1/2 activity. The PA-induced oxidation of HDAC2 was attenuated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine and siRNA specific for Pkc δ, Sphk2, and Nox4. PA stimulated RAC1 activation in the nucleus and enhanced the association between HDAC2 and RAC1, p-PKC δ, and NOX4 in LEpCs. Our results revealed a critical role for the alveolar epithelial NOX4 in mediating PA-induced lung inflammatory injury via nuclear ROS generation, HDAC1/2 oxidation, and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Fu
- Departments of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.F.); (R.R.); (P.P.K.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ramaswamy Ramchandran
- Departments of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.F.); (R.R.); (P.P.K.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Prasanth P. K. Kumar
- Departments of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.F.); (R.R.); (P.P.K.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yashaswin Krishnan
- Departments of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.F.); (R.R.); (P.P.K.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuru Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.F.); (R.R.); (P.P.K.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | | | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Departments of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (P.F.); (R.R.); (P.P.K.K.); (Y.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Room 3137 COMRB Building 909, South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Perez MA, Watts JL. Worms, Fat, and Death: Caenorhabditis elegans Lipid Metabolites Regulate Cell Death. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020125. [PMID: 33672292 PMCID: PMC7926963 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is well-known as the model organism used to elucidate the genetic pathways underlying the first described form of regulated cell death, apoptosis. Since then, C. elegans investigations have contributed to the further understanding of lipids in apoptosis, especially the roles of phosphatidylserines and phosphatidylinositols. More recently, studies in C. elegans have shown that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids can induce the non-apoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis. In this review, we examine the roles of various lipids in specific aspects of regulated cell death, emphasizing recent work in C. elegans.
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Yamashita S, Fujiwara K, Tominaga Y, Nguma E, Takahashi T, Otoki Y, Yamamoto A, Higuchi O, Nakagawa K, Kinoshita M, Miyazawa T. Absorption Kinetics of Ethanolamine Plasmalogen and Its Hydrolysate in Mice. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:263-273. [PMID: 33456005 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn), a subclass of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl), has been reported to have many biological and dietary functions. In terms of PlsEtn absorption, some studies have reported that PlsEtn is re-esterized at the sn-2 position using lymph cannulation and the everted jejunal sac model. In this study, we aimed to better understand the uptake kinetics of PlsEtn and increase its absorption. We thus compared the uptake kinetics of PlsEtn with that of the lyso-form, in which the fatty acid at the sn-2 position was hydrolyzed enzymatically. Upon administration of EtnGpl (extracted from oysters or ascidians, 75.4 mol% and 88.4 mol% of PlsEtn ratio, respectively), the plasma PlsEtn species in mice showed the highest levels at 4 or 8 hours after administration. In the contrast, administration of the EtnGpl hydrolysate, which contained lysoEtnGpl and free fatty acids, markedly increased the plasma levels of PlsEtn species at 2 h after administration. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), especially the AUC0-4 h of PlsEtn species, was higher with hydrolysate administration than that with EtnGpl administration. These results indicate that EtnGpl hydrolysis accelerated the absorption and metabolism of PlsEtn. Consequently, using a different experimental approach from that used in previous studies, we reconfirmed that PlsEtn species were absorbed via hydrolysis at the sn-2 position, suggesting that hydrolysis in advance could increase PlsEtn uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Kazufumi Fujiwara
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yuki Tominaga
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Ephantus Nguma
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | | | - Ohki Higuchi
- Food and Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
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Bioactive Ether Lipids: Primordial Modulators of Cellular Signaling. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010041. [PMID: 33430006 PMCID: PMC7827237 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The primacy of lipids as essential components of cellular membranes is conserved across taxonomic domains. In addition to this crucial role as a semi-permeable barrier, lipids are also increasingly recognized as important signaling molecules with diverse functional mechanisms ranging from cell surface receptor binding to the intracellular regulation of enzymatic cascades. In this review, we focus on ether lipids, an ancient family of lipids having ether-linked structures that chemically differ from their more prevalent acyl relatives. In particular, we examine ether lipid biosynthesis in the peroxisome of mammalian cells, the roles of selected glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids in signal transduction in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and finally, the potential therapeutic contributions of synthetic ether lipids to the treatment of cancer.
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Dorninger F, Forss-Petter S, Wimmer I, Berger J. Plasmalogens, platelet-activating factor and beyond - Ether lipids in signaling and neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105061. [PMID: 32861763 PMCID: PMC7116601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-based ether lipids including ether phospholipids form a specialized branch of lipids that in mammals require peroxisomes for their biosynthesis. They are major components of biological membranes and one particular subgroup, the plasmalogens, is widely regarded as a cellular antioxidant. Their vast potential to influence signal transduction pathways is less well known. Here, we summarize the literature showing associations with essential signaling cascades for a wide variety of ether lipids, including platelet-activating factor, alkylglycerols, ether-linked lysophosphatidic acid and plasmalogen-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids. The available experimental evidence demonstrates links to several common players like protein kinase C, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or mitogen-activated protein kinases. Furthermore, ether lipid levels have repeatedly been connected to some of the most abundant neurological diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and more recently also neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. Thus, we critically discuss the potential role of these compounds in the etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases with an emphasis on signaling processes. Finally, we review the emerging interest in plasmalogens as treatment target in neurological diseases, assessing available data and highlighting future perspectives. Although many aspects of ether lipid involvement in cellular signaling identified in vitro still have to be confirmed in vivo, the compiled data show many intriguing properties and contributions of these lipids to health and disease that will trigger further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Isabella Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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