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Kublanovsky M, Ulu GT, Weirich S, Levy N, Feldman M, Jeltsch A, Levy D. Methylation of the transcription factor E2F1 by SETD6 regulates SETD6 expression via a positive feedback mechanism. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105236. [PMID: 37690684 PMCID: PMC10551896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein lysine methyltransferase SET domain-containing protein 6 (SETD6) has been shown to influence different cellular activities and to be critically involved in the regulation of diverse developmental and pathological processes. However, the upstream signals that regulate the mRNA expression of SETD6 are not known. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the SETD6 promoter has a binding site for the transcription factor E2F1. Using various experimental approaches, we show that E2F1 binds to the SETD6 promoter and regulates SETD6 mRNA expression. Our further observation that this phenomenon is SETD6 dependent suggested that SETD6 and E2F1 are linked. We next demonstrate that SETD6 monomethylates E2F1 specifically at K117 in vitro and in cells. Finally, we show that E2F1 methylation at K117 positively regulates the expression level of SETD6 mRNA. Depletion of SETD6 or overexpression of E2F1 K117R mutant, which cannot be methylated by SETD6, reverses the effect. Taken together, our data provide evidence for a positive feedback mechanism, which regulates the expression of SETD6 by E2F1 in a SETD6 methylation-dependent manner, and highlight the importance of protein lysine methyltransferases and lysine methylation signaling in the regulation of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Kublanovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gizem T Ulu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sara Weirich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nurit Levy
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michal Feldman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Dan Levy
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel.
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When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's and Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115911. [PMID: 34072862 PMCID: PMC8199025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mostly sporadic brain disorder characterized by cognitive decline resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex whereas Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic inherited disorder characterized by motor abnormalities and psychiatric disturbances resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the striatum. Although there have been numerous clinical trials for these diseases, they have been unsuccessful. Research conducted over the past three decades by a large number of laboratories has demonstrated that abnormal actions of common kinases play a key role in the pathogenesis of both AD and HD as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. Prominent among these kinases are glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and some of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). After a brief summary of the molecular and cell biology of AD and HD this review covers what is known about the role of these three groups of kinases in the brain and in the pathogenesis of the two neurodegenerative disorders. The potential of targeting GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKS as effective therapeutics is also discussed as is a brief discussion on the utilization of recently developed drugs that simultaneously target two or all three of these groups of kinases. Multi-kinase inhibitors either by themselves or in combination with strategies currently being used such as immunotherapy or secretase inhibitors for AD and knockdown for HD could represent a more effective therapeutic approach for these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Sakai S, Izumi H, Yoshiura Y, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi T, Harada Y, Koi C, Kurata H, Morimoto Y. In vitro evaluation of a combination treatment involving anticancer agents and an aurora kinase B inhibitor. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4263-4269. [PMID: 27895801 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase B (AURKB) inhibitors are regarded as potential molecular-targeting drugs for cancer therapy. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic effect of a combination of AZD1152-hQPA, an AURKB inhibitor, and various anticancer agents on the HeLa human cervical cancer cell line, as well as its cisplatin-resistant equivalent HCP4 cell line. It was demonstrated that AZD1152-hQPA had an antagonistic effect on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin, but had a synergistic effect on that of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), Am80 and TAC-101, when tested on HeLa cells. Cisplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin were shown to increase the cellular expression of AURKB, while ATRA, Am80 and TAC-101 downregulated its expression. These results suggested that AURKB expression is regulated by these anticancer agents at the transcriptional level, and that the level of expression of AURKB may influence the cytotoxic effect of AZD1152-hQPA. Therefore, when using anticancer agents, decreasing the expression of AURKB using a molecular-targeting drug may be an optimal therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senna Sakai
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Biomedical Informatics R&D Center, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yoshiura
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological and General Surgery, Wakamatsu Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 808-0024, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Harada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Chiho Koi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurata
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Biomedical Informatics R&D Center, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Hazar-Rethinam M, de Long LM, Gannon OM, Topkas E, Boros S, Vargas AC, Dzienis M, Mukhopadhyay P, Simpson F, Endo-Munoz L, Saunders NA. A novel E2F/sphingosine kinase 1 axis regulates anthracycline response in squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:417-27. [PMID: 25411162 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are frequently drug resistant and have a mortality rate of 45%. We have previously shown that E2F7 may contribute to drug resistance in SCC cells. However, the mechanism and pathways involved remain unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used transcriptomic profiling to identify candidate pathways that may contribute to E2F7-dependent resistance to anthracyclines. We then manipulated the activity/expression of the candidate pathway using overexpression, knockdown, and pharmacological inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo models of SCC to demonstrate causality. In addition, we examined the expression of E2F7 and a downstream effector in a tissue microarray (TMA) generated from HNSCC patient samples. RESULTS E2F7-deficient keratinocytes were selectively sensitive to doxorubicin and this was reversed by overexpressing E2F7. Transcriptomic profiling identified Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) as a potential mediator of E2F7-dependent drug resistance. Knockdown and overexpression studies revealed that Sphk1 was a downstream target of E2F7. TMA studies showed that E2F7 overexpression correlated with Sphk1 overexpression in human HNSCC. Moreover, inhibition of Sphk1 by shRNA or the Sphk1-specific inhibitor, SK1-I (BML-EI411), enhanced the sensitivity of SCC cells to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, E2F7-induced doxorubicin resistance was mediated via Sphk1-dependent activation of AKT in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION We identify a novel drugable pathway in which E2F7 directly increases the transcription and activity of the Sphk1/S1P axis resulting in activation of AKT and subsequent drug resistance. Collectively, this novel combinatorial therapy can potentially be trialed in humans using existing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lilia Merida de Long
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Orla M Gannon
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eleni Topkas
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel Boros
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcin Dzienis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Mukhopadhyay
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liliana Endo-Munoz
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Saunders
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Soriani A, Iannitto ML, Ricci B, Fionda C, Malgarini G, Morrone S, Peruzzi G, Ricciardi MR, Petrucci MT, Cippitelli M, Santoni A. Reactive oxygen species- and DNA damage response-dependent NK cell activating ligand upregulation occurs at transcriptional levels and requires the transcriptional factor E2F1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:950-60. [PMID: 24913980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that cancer cell stress induced by chemotherapeutic agents promote antitumor immune responses and contribute to their full clinical efficacy. In this article, we identify the signaling events underlying chemotherapy-induced NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligand expression on multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Our findings indicate that sublethal doses of doxorubicin and melphalan initiate a DNA damage response (DDR) controlling ligand upregulation on MM cell lines and patient-derived malignant plasma cells in Chk1/2-dependent and p53-independent manner. Drug-induced MICA and PVR gene expression are transcriptionally regulated and involve DDR-dependent E2F1 transcription factor activity. We also describe the involvement of changes in the redox state in the control of DDR-dependent upregulation of ligand surface expression and gene transcriptional activity by using the antioxidant agent N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Finally, in accordance with much evidence indicating that DDR and oxidative stress are major determinants of cellular senescence, we found that redox-dependent DDR activation upon chemotherapeutic treatment is critical for MM cell entry in premature senescence and is required for the preferential ligand upregulation on senescent cells, which are preferentially killed by NK cells and trigger potent IFN-γ production. We propose immunogenic senescence as a mechanism that promotes the clearance of drug-treated tumor cells by innate effector lymphocytes, including NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Soriani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Luisa Iannitto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Malgarini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Morrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science-Italian Institute of Technology Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; and
| | - Maria Rosaria Ricciardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Petrucci
- Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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E2F1 apoptosis counterattacked: evil strikes back. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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de Olano N, Koo CY, Monteiro LJ, Pinto PH, Gomes AR, Aligue R, Lam EWF. The p38 MAPK-MK2 axis regulates E2F1 and FOXM1 expression after epirubicin treatment. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:1189-202. [PMID: 22802261 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
E2F1 is responsible for the regulation of FOXM1 expression, which plays a key role in epirubicin resistance. Here, we examined the role and regulation of E2F1 in response to epirubicin in cancer cells. We first showed that E2F1 plays a key role in promoting FOXM1 expression, cell survival, and epirubicin resistance as its depletion by siRNA attenuated FOXM1 induction and cell viability in response to epirubicin. We also found that the p38-MAPK activity mirrors the expression patterns of E2F1 and FOXM1 in both epirubicin-sensitive and -resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells, suggesting that p38 has a role in regulating E2F1 expression and epirubicin resistance. Consistently, studies using pharmacologic inhibitors, siRNA knockdown, and knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) revealed that p38 mediates the E2F1 induction by epirubicin and that the induction of E2F1 by p38 is, in turn, mediated through its downstream kinase MK2 [mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activated protein kinase 2; MAPKAPK2]. In agreement, in vitro phosphorylation assays showed that MK2 can directly phosphorylate E2F1 at Ser-364. Transfection assays also showed that E2F1 phosphorylation at Ser-364 participates in its induction by epirubicin but also suggests that other phosphorylation events are also involved. In addition, the p38-MK2 axis can also limit c-jun-NH(2)-kinase (JNK) induction by epirubicin and, notably, JNK represses FOXM1 expression. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of p38-MK2 signaling in the control of E2F1 and FOXM1 expression as well as epirubicin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia de Olano
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
E2F is a family of transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell-cycle progression, DNA replication, DNA repair, differentiation, and apoptosis. E2F1, the founding member of the family, undergoes posttranslational modifications in response to DNA damage, resulting in E2F1 stabilization. In some cases, E2F1 is important for DNA damage-induced apoptosis through the transcriptional activation of p73 and perhaps other proapoptotic target genes. However, in other contexts, E2F1 can stimulate DNA repair and promote survival in response to DNA damage. The E2F1 protein accumulates at sites of both DNA double-strand breaks and UV radiation-induced damage, indicating that E2F1 has a nontranscriptional function at sites of damage. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding the role of E2F1 in the DNA damage response, including transcription-independent activities that facilitate DNA repair in the context of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K Biswas
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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Workman A, Jones C. Analysis of the cell cycle regulatory protein (E2F1) after infection of cultured cells with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Virus Res 2011; 160:66-73. [PMID: 21624405 PMCID: PMC3163728 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The E2F family of cellular transcription factors controls cell cycle progression and cell death. During cell cycle progression, activated cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, causing the release and activation of E2F family members. Previous studies demonstrated that bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) productive infection increases E2F1 protein levels, the bICP0 early promoter is activated more than 100 fold by E2F1 or E2F2, and silencing E2F1 reduced the efficiency of productive infection. In this study, the effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) productive infection on E2F protein levels and regulation of E2F dependent transcription was compared to BHV-1 infection in the same permissive cell line, rabbit skin (RS) cells. Silencing E2F1 with a specific siRNA reduced HSV-1 productive infection approximately 10 fold in RS cells, and total E2F1 protein levels increased during productive infection. In contrast to RS cells infected with BHV-1, a fraction of total E2F1 protein was localized to the cytoplasm in HSV-1 infected RS cells. Furthermore, E2F1 did not efficiently trans-activate the HSV-1 ICP0 or ICP4 promoter. When RS cells were transfected with an E2F reporter construct or the cyclin D1 promoter and then infected with BHV-1, promoter activity increased after infection. In contrast, HSV-1 infection of RS cells had little effect on E2F dependent transcription and cyclin D1 promoter activity was reduced. In summary, these studies indicated that silencing E2F1 reduced the efficiency of HSV-1 and BHV-1 productive infection. However, only BHV-1 productive infection induced E2F dependent transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen Workman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Fair Street at East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Fair Street at East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905
| | - Clinton Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Fair Street at East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Fair Street at East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Fair Street at East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0905
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