1
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Webster S, Vargas AC, Maclean F, Vu J, Tong E, Coker D, Ward I, Connolly EA, Zhou DDX, Mar J, Lazarakis S, Gyorki DE, Hong AM. What is the association of preoperative biopsy with recurrence and survival in retroperitoneal sarcoma? A systematic review by the Australia and New Zealand Sarcoma Association clinical practice guidelines working party. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104354. [PMID: 38614268 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Preoperative biopsy for retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) enables appropriate multidisciplinary treatment planning. A systematic review of literature from 1990 to June 2022 was conducted using the population, intervention, comparison and outcome model to evaluate the local recurrence and overall survival of preoperative biopsy compared to those that had not. Of 3192 studies screened, five retrospective cohort studies were identified. Three reported on biopsy needle tract seeding, with only one study reporting biopsy site recurrence of 2 %. Two found no significant difference in local recurrence and one found higher 5-year local recurrence rates in those who had not been biopsied. Three studies reported overall survival, including one with propensity matching, did not show a difference in overall survival. In conclusion, preoperative core needle biopsy of RPS is not associated with increased local recurrence or adverse survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Webster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, 4 Giffnock Avenue, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Fiona Maclean
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, 4 Giffnock Avenue, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Jennifer Vu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elissa Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - David Coker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Iain Ward
- Canterbury Cancer and Haematology Service, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth A Connolly
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Deborah Di-Xin Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jasmine Mar
- Australia and New Zealand Sarcoma Association, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Smaro Lazarakis
- Health Sciences Library, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David E Gyorki
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Angela M Hong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
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2
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Vargas AC, Joy C, Maclean FM, Bonar F, Wong DD, Gill AJ, Cheah AL. Kinase expression in angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma: panTRK is commonly expressed in the absence of NTRK rearrangement. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:251-254. [PMID: 38053271 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a soft tissue tumour of intermediate (rarely metastasising) malignant potential, which harbours EWSR1/FUS gene fusions. These tumours can express anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in the absence of gene rearrangement or copy number alteration and can also coexpresses Pan-TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC). All EWSR1/FUS-rearranged AFH were retrieved from the files of three institutions and Pan-TRK (EPR17341), ALK and BRAF V600E IHC were performed. Fourteen AFH cases were identified, which included three cases of intracranial mesenchymal tumours with FET-CREB fusions. PanTRK and ALK positive immunostaining was identified in 9 (64.2%) and 12 (85.7%) cases, respectively. No NTRK or ALK translocations or increased copy number/amplification were identified in all eight cases which had fluorescence in situ hybridisation and/or next generation sequencing for NTRK1-3 and ALK available for assessment. None of the cases expressed BRAF-V600E.Although our study is limited, our report is the first to document PanTRK expression in AFH in the absence of identifiable NTRK1-3 gene alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Joy
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology Central Laboratory Bowen Hills, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona M Maclean
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Bonar
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel D Wong
- PathWest Laboratory Medical WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison L Cheah
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Park SS, Chan M, Velaiutham S, Vargas AC. Benign Adenomyoepithelioma: An Unrecognised Precursor of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ in Patient With Lynch Syndrome. Int J Surg Pathol 2024:10668969241226704. [PMID: 38297508 DOI: 10.1177/10668969241226704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there is no robust evidence demonstrating a clear association between Lynch syndrome and non-malignant breast pathology such as adenomyoepithelioma. We report a case of benign breast adenomyoepithelioma, which after recurrence was associated with ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) in a 41-year-old woman with Lynch syndrome, who lacked significant family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Both, the adenomyoepithelioma and DCIS were found to have nuclear loss of MSH2/MSH6 by immunohistochemistry, while germline testing confirmed MSH2 gene mutation. Concordant loss of MSH2 in both lesions in the context of a MSH2 pathogenic variant in this patient with Lynch syndrome illustrates that the benign adenomyoepithelioma behaved as a likely precursor of DCIS. Our report provides a novel perspective that in some patients with Lynch syndrome adenomyoepithelioma may represent a pre-malignant precursor lesion of DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Sw Park
- The Breast Centre, Gasteshead, Australia
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Douglas Hanly Moir Pathology, North Ryde, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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4
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Vargas AC, Heyer EE, Cheah AL, Bonar F, Jones M, Maclean FM, Gill AJ, Blackburn J. Improving sarcoma classification by using RNA hybridisation capture sequencing in sarcomas of uncertain histogenesis of young individuals. Pathology 2023; 55:478-485. [PMID: 36906400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to utilise a 241-gene RNA hybridisation capture sequencing (CaptureSeq) gene panel to identify unexpected fusions in undifferentiated, unclassified or partly classified sarcomas of young individuals (<40 years). The purpose was to determine the utility and yield of a large, targeted fusion panel as a tool for classifying tumours that do not fit typical diagnostic entities at the time of the original diagnosis. RNA hybridisation capture sequencing was performed on 21 archival resection specimens. Successful sequencing was obtained in 12 of 21 samples (57%), two of which (16.6%) harboured translocations. A novel NEAT1::GLI1 fusion, not previously reported in the literature, presented in a young patient with a tumour in the retroperitoneum, which displayed low grade epithelioid cells. The second case, a localised lung metastasis in a young male, demonstrated a EWSR1::NFATC2 translocation. No targeted fusions were identified in the remaining 83.4% (n=10) of cases. Forty-three per cent of the samples failed sequencing as a result of RNA degradation. RNA-based sequencing is an important tool, which helps to redefine the classification of unclassified or partly classified sarcomas of young adults by identifying pathogenic gene fusions in up to 16.6% of the cases. Unfortunately, 43% of the samples underwent significant RNA degradation, falling below the sequencing threshold. As CaptureSeq is not yet available in routine pathology practice, increasing awareness of the yield, failure rate and possible aetiological factors for RNA degradation is fundamental to maximise laboratory procedures to improve RNA integrity, allowing the potential identification of significant gene alterations in solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Erin E Heyer
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison L Cheah
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Bonar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Jones
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona M Maclean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - James Blackburn
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Jotz GP, Vargas AC. Type IV Thyroplasty: The Voice of Trans Women (Gender Dysphoria). Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 26:e517-e518. [PMCID: PMC9668405 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo Pereira Jotz
- Full Professor at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Otorhinolaryngologist and Head and Neck Surgeon.,Address for correspondence Geraldo Pereira Jotz, MD, PhD Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Prédio do ICBS, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170Brazil
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6
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Vargas AC, Ma L, Talbot J, Gill AJ, Maclean FM. Preliminary exploration of the role of FOS immunohistochemistry in proliferative fasciitis and myositis. Histopathology 2022; 81:414-417. [PMID: 35778268 DOI: 10.1111/his.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology Macquarie Park.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards
| | - Leanne Ma
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology Macquarie Park
| | - Joel Talbot
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology Macquarie Park
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards.,Department of Anatomical Pathology NSW Health Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney
| | - Fiona M Maclean
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology Macquarie Park.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University, North Ryde
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7
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Vargas AC, Joy C, Cheah AL, Jones M, Bonar F, Brookwell R, Garrone B, Talbot J, Harraway J, Gill AJ, Maclean FM. Lessons learnt from MDM2 fluorescence in-situ hybridisation analysis of 439 mature lipomatous lesions with an emphasis on atypical lipomatous tumour/well-differentiated liposarcoma lacking cytological atypia. Histopathology 2021; 80:369-380. [PMID: 34523152 DOI: 10.1111/his.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Amplification of the murine double minute-2 (MDM2) gene, which is usually detected with fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH), is the key driving event for atypical lipomatous tumours (ALTs)/well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDLs). We sought to determine the concordance between the histopathological findings and MDM2 FISH in the diagnosis of ALT/WDL, and to identify the histological features of MDM2-amplified tumours lacking classic atypia. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a retrospective analysis of all mature lipomatous lesions subjected to MDM2 FISH analysis at our institution. MDM2 FISH analysis was performed on 439 mature lipomatous lesions: 364 (82.9%) were negative and 75 (17%) were positive. In 17 of 75 (22.6%) ALTs/WDLs, cytological atypia was not identified on initial histological assessment, thus favouring lipoma. On review, these cases shared common histological features, consisting of a very low number of relatively small stromal cells within the tumour lobules, with mildly coarse chromatin and oval nuclei, admixed with unremarkable adipocytes in a tumour background devoid of fibroconnective septa, areas of fibrosis, or blood vessels. These cells matched the cells in which FISH showed MDM2 amplification. In contrast, 13 cases (3.5%) regarded as suspicious for ALT/WDL on the basis of histology lacked MDM2 amplification and were reclassified following the FISH findings. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a subset of lipoma-like ALTs/WDLs are not associated with any of the features typically described in ALT/WDL. Our study also showed that tumours >100 mm are more likely to be ALT/WDL; however, a history of recurrence or concerning clinical/radiological features was not significantly associated with classification as ALT/WDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, Australia.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Joy
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison L Cheah
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Martin Jones
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Fiona Bonar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Ross Brookwell
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bernadette Garrone
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joel Talbot
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - James Harraway
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona M Maclean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Sonic Healthcare-Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, Australia.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Yousef S, Joy C, Velaiutham S, Maclean FM, Harraway J, Gill AJ, Vargas AC. Dedifferentiated melanoma with MDM2 gene amplification mimicking dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Pathology 2021; 54:371-374. [PMID: 34420795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Yousef
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher Joy
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sullivan Nicolades Pathology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Fiona M Maclean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - James Harraway
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sullivan Nicolades Pathology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Vargas AC, Burchett I, Turner J, Delprado W, Brookwell R, Chalasani V, Gill AJ, Maclean FM. Monotypic Plasma Cell Proliferation of Uncertain Clinical Significance Mimicking Interstitial Cystitis: An Early Lesion of MALT Lymphoma? Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:841-853. [PMID: 33399339 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We prospectively studied our institutional experience of bladder extranodal marginal zone (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT]) lymphoma including bladder biopsies in which the possibility of MALT lymphoma was considered. We identified a subset of cases primary to the urinary bladder, presenting with prominent plasma cell infiltrates and symptoms mimicking bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. These proliferations were designated for this study as "monotypic plasma cell proliferation of uncertain clinical significance" (MPCP-US), as the features were insufficient for diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. We identified 33 patients, consisting of 22 cases of MPCP-US (6 of which were associated with amyloid deposition) and 11 cases of MALT lymphoma. MPCP-US was more prevalent in men (73%), a mass lesion was not identified at cystoscopy, and only 1 case had an accompanying urinary tract infection (4.5%). Histologically, MPCP-US presented as monotypic plasma cells arranged in a superficial band-like distribution in the lamina propria, predominantly kappa restricted (68%) and IgA+ or IgM+ (64% and 23%, respectively) and without a histologic mass of atypical B cells or plasma cells, not diagnostic for established MALT lymphoma or plasmacytoma. Secondary involvement of the bladder by other lymphoproliferative disorders was excluded and there was no evidence of progressive disease. MALT lymphomas are presented for comparison and our analysis demonstrated that MPCP-US represent a different clinicopathologic entity compared with classic MALT lymphoma. We present the first series of cases of MPCP-US. The recognition of this entity is fundamental to the development of management protocols to relieve intractable symptoms mimicking bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in these patients.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biopsy
- Cell Proliferation
- Cystitis, Interstitial/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Lymphoid Tissue/chemistry
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/chemistry
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Plasma Cells/chemistry
- Plasma Cells/pathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prospective Studies
- Urinary Bladder/chemistry
- Urinary Bladder/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/chemistry
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
| | - Ivan Burchett
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW
| | - Jennifer Turner
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW
| | - Warick Delprado
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park
| | - Ross Brookwell
- Department of Cytogenetics, Sullivan Nicolades Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonard
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney
| | - Fiona M Maclean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW
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10
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Vargas AC, Chan NL, Wong DD, Zaborowski M, Fuchs TL, Ahadi M, Clarkson A, Sioson L, Sheen A, Maclean F, Bonar F, Cheah A, Jones M, Chou A, Gill AJ. DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 immunohistochemistry is highly sensitive for the diagnosis of myxoid liposarcoma but care is required in interpreting the significance of focal expression. Histopathology 2021; 79:106-116. [PMID: 33465826 DOI: 10.1111/his.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) is characterised by DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) gene rearrangements, confirmation of which is commonly used diagnostically. Recently, DDIT3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been reported to be highly sensitive and, when strict criteria are employed, specific for the diagnosis of MLPS. The aim of this study was to independently investigate DDIT3 IHC as a diagnostic marker for MLPS. METHODS AND RESULTS DDIT3 IHC was performed on 52 MLPS and on 152 mimics on whole sections, and on 515 non-MLPS sarcomas in tissue microarray format. Only one MLPS (which had undergone acid-based decalcification) was completely negative. With inclusion of this case if any nuclear expression is considered to indicate positivity, the overall sensitivity of DDIT3 is 98% (51 of 52 cases) and the specificity is 94% (633 of 667 non-MLPS cases are negative). If a cut-off of >10% of neoplastic cells is required for positivity, then the sensitivity remains 98% (51/52) and the specificity is 98.5% (657 of 667 non-MLPS cases are negative). If a cut-off of >50% of cells is required for positivity, then the sensitivity is 96% (50 of 52 cases) but the specificity improves to 100%. CONCLUSIONS Diffuse nuclear DDIT3 expression occurs in the overwhelming majority of MLPSs, and can be used to confirm the diagnosis in most cases without the need for molecular testing. A complete absence of expression argues strongly against MLPS, and almost completely excludes this diagnosis, particularly if there is consideration of technical factors such as decalcification. The significance of focal DDIT3 expression should be interpreted in the morphological and clinical context, although most tumours showing only focal expression are not MLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Noni L Chan
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel D Wong
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew Zaborowski
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Talia L Fuchs
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahsa Ahadi
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Adele Clarkson
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Loretta Sioson
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Sheen
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Maclean
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Bonar
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Cheah
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Jones
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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11
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Vargas AC, Ardakani NM, Wong DD, Maclean FM, Kattampallil J, Boyle R, Santos L, Gill AJ. Chromosomal imbalances detected in NTRK-rearranged sarcomas by the use of comparative genomic hybridisation. Histopathology 2021; 78:932-942. [PMID: 33128780 DOI: 10.1111/his.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS NTRK-rearranged sarcomas are emerging as a distinct class of sarcomas of particular importance in the era of targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to use array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) to explore the cytogenetic profile of six adult soft tissue sarcomas harbouring NTRK gene fusions. METHODS AND RESULTS aCGH was performed on six adult soft tissue sarcomas with proven NTRK rearrangements [NTRK1, n = 1 (TPM3-NTRK1); NTRK2, n = 1 (MTMR2-NTRK2); NTRK3, n = 4 (two ETV6-NTRK3; two with unknown partners). The morphological patterns of these cases included inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour-like, fibrosarcoma/malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour-like, and Ewing sarcoma-like. On the basis of the number of chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs), ranging from two to 15 per sample, NTRK-associated sarcomas could be subdivided into two groups: one with a relatively simple karyotype (n = 2; median of three genomic alterations), and those with a more complex karyotype (n = 4; median of 11 genomic imbalances). Recurrent chromosomal CNVs included gains at chromosomes 6p, 1q, 7 (whole chromosome), and 12p, and losses at chromosomes 10q, 13q, 19q, and 9p. CONCLUSIONS NTRK-rearranged sarcomas constitute a heterogeneous group of tumours that can show a relatively simple or a complex karyotype. Although there were some, but inconsistent, associations between karyotype complexity and morphology, our study showed that a more complex karyotype in this group of tumours appeared to correlate with more aggressive clinical behaviour. Gains at chromosome 6p and 1q were the most common recurrent genomic alterations, being present in 67% of the samples (4/6), followed by gains at chromosome 7, which were present in 50% of the samples (3/6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nima M Ardakani
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel D Wong
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Maclean
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Richard Boyle
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonardo Santos
- Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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12
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Ramanayake N, Vargas AC, Talbot J, Bonar F, Wong DD, Wong D, Mahar A, Karim R, Luk PP, Selinger C, Sioson L, Gill AJ, Maclean F. NKX3.1 immunohistochemistry is highly specific for the diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcomas: experience in the Australian population. Pathology 2021; 53:705-712. [PMID: 33640159 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a rare sarcoma that typically arises in adolescents and young adults and characteristically harbours a HEY1-NCOA2 gene fusion. A recent study has shown that NKX3.1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is highly specific and sensitive in MCs. NKX3.1 is a nuclear marker expressed in prostatic tissue and is widely used in most laboratories to determine prostatic origin of metastatic tumours. In the current study we investigated whether this stain can be used in the diagnostic workup of MC, as it may assist in triaging cases for further molecular testing, by assessing its expression in a cohort of MCs and in a wide spectrum of sarcoma types. Furthermore, we aimed to elucidate if expression of NKX3.1 by MCs is related to androgen receptor (AR) expression. We identified NKX3.1 positive nuclear staining in 9 of 12 individual patients of MC (n=20 of 25 samples when taking into account separate episodes). Four of the five negative specimens had been previously subjected to acid-based decalcification. NKX3.1 was negative in 536 samples from 16 non-MC sarcomas derived from largely tissue microarrays (TMAs). Overall, we identified 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity for NKX3.1 IHC in MCs. The sensitivity increased to 95.2% when acid-based decalcified specimens were excluded from the analysis. No correlation between NKX3.1 expression and AR IHC was identified. In summary, our findings indicate that NKX3.1 nuclear positivity is highly sensitive and specific for MC, provided that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-based rather than acid-based decalcification is used for sample processing. NKX3.1 IHC in the right clinical and histopathological setting can potentially be sufficient for the diagnosis of MC, reserving molecular confirmation only for equivocal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeka Ramanayake
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joel Talbot
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Bonar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel D Wong
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David Wong
- Mater Health Services, Duncombe Building, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Annabelle Mahar
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rooshdiya Karim
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter P Luk
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Selinger
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
| | - Loretta Sioson
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Maclean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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13
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Kim RH, Lapuk A, Harraway J, Lee E, Walsh M, Topkas E, Jones V, Burn J, Baillie T, Lim C, Nejad K, Muljono A, Gagne E, McConechy MK, Zein Y, Maclean F, Gill AJ, Vargas AC. Prevalence of the EGFR T790M and other resistance mutations in the Australian population and histopathological correlation in a small subset of cases. Pathology 2020; 52:410-420. [PMID: 32359774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We sought to review the prevalence of EGFR T790M and other EGFR mutations associated with either proven or probable tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in the Australasian lung cancer population and to perform histopathological correlation in a subset of cases. Retrospective statistical analysis was performed on a set of targeted lung cancer gene mutation tests (FIND IT gene panel) performed at Sonic Healthcare during 2018 and early 2019. A total of 1833 lung adenocarcinoma tumour samples underwent somatic mutation testing. EGFR mutations were found in 28% (n=514) of patients, in whom 9.3% (n=48) T790M mutations were present (always combined with other EGFR mutations) and 4.8% (n=25) exon 20 insertions were found. We also compared the prevalence of EGFR mutations identified in our population with that of the four largest publicly available lung cancer cohorts (total n=576 samples). Finally, a subset of 38 samples of primary/and or metastatic lung adenocarcinomas from 23 patients, including five with serial biopsies, underwent detailed morphological analysis. No reproducible morphological correlates were found to be associated with T790M, exon 20 resistance mutations or rarer co-occurring EGFR mutations. Although this may be subject to referral bias towards patients with resistant disease, the incidence of EGFR and T790M mutations is higher in this series from an Australasian population than in other similar publicly available lung adenocarcinoma cohorts. We conclude that histopathological features cannot be used to predict the acquisition of EGFR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger H Kim
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anna Lapuk
- Contextual Genomics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James Harraway
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Eric Lee
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Michael Walsh
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Eleni Topkas
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Victoria Jones
- Sonic Genetics, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Bowen Hills, Qld, Australia
| | - Julie Burn
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Tina Baillie
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Cathy Lim
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Kambin Nejad
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita Muljono
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric Gagne
- Contextual Genomics Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yesser Zein
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Maclean
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Histopathology Department, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Wong DD, Vargas AC, Bonar F, Maclean F, Kattampallil J, Stewart C, Sulaiman B, Santos L, Gill AJ. NTRK-rearranged mesenchymal tumours: diagnostic challenges, morphological patterns and proposed testing algorithm. Pathology 2020; 52:401-409. [PMID: 32278476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic fusions involving neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes are being increasingly identified in a range of mesenchymal tumours unrelated to infantile fibrosarcoma or cellular congenital mesoblastic nephroma, where the canonical ETV6-NTRK3 fusion was first described more than two decades ago. Recognition of these NTRK-rearranged tumours poses a diagnostic challenge to surgical pathologists due to their non-specific clinical and pathological features. However, their recognition is of heightened importance, particularly in locally advanced and metastatic sarcomas, due to the recent availability of selective and highly effective targeted therapy. Herein, we present an Australian multi-institutional series of six of these rare NTRK-rearranged mesenchymal neoplasms to share the local experience and diagnostic challenges as well as to highlight key morphological patterns and immunoprofiles that provide the most helpful clues in routine practice. We also propose a diagnostic algorithm for the detection of these fusions, drawing attention to the limitations of ancillary studies including immunohistochemistry against tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) protein, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and next generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Wong
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Bonar
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Maclean
- Anatomical Pathology, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia; Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Colin Stewart
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, King Edward Memorial Hospital, WA, Australia
| | - Ban Sulaiman
- Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Leonardo Santos
- Anatomical Pathology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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15
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Kurek C, Walsh M, Harraway J, Sioson L, Bonar F, Guzman P, Nejad K, Maclean FM, Gill AJ, Vargas AC. Sensitivity and specificity of ALK immunohistochemistry in the identification of ALK gene fusions in bone and soft tissue sarcomas other than in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours; expanding the spectrum of ALK gene translocations. Pathology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Ely VL, Vargas AC, Costa MM, Oliveira HP, Pötter L, Reghelin MA, Fernandes AW, Pereira DIB, Sangioni LA, Botton SA. Moraxella bovis, Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi: biofilm formation and lysozyme activity. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:369-376. [PMID: 30142702 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to verify the formation of biofilms by Moraxella bovis, Moraxella ovis and Moraxella bovoculi isolates from ruminants. In addition, the lysozyme activity against the isolates of M. bovis, M. ovis and M. bovoculi in free form and in biofilms was determined. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 54 isolates of Moraxella sp. obtained from bovine and ovine clinical samples were evaluated in vitro for capacity of biofilm formation and lysozyme susceptibility in planktonic and sessile cells. In addition, biofilms produced by four Moraxella sp. isolates were visualized under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was possible to demonstrate, for the first time, the ability to form biofilms by M. ovis and M. bovoculi. The isolates of Moraxella sp. have the capacity to form biofilms in different intensities, varying among weak, moderate and strong. It was verified that the lysozyme shows activity on Moraxella sp. in planktonic form. However, on biofilms there was a reduction in the production, but without impairing its formation, and on consolidated biofilms the lysozyme did not have the capacity to eradicate the preformed biofilms. CONCLUSIONS This work shows the capacity of biofilm formation by Moraxella sp. of veterinary importance. The lysozyme susceptibility of Moraxella sp. in planktonic form shows that this enzyme has bacteriostatic activity on this micro-organism and it reduced the production of biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Based on the results, it is possible to infer that the biofilm formation capacity by Moraxella sp. and the resistance to lysozyme concentrations equal to or greater than the physiological levels of the ruminant tear may be linked not only to the capacity to colonize the conjunctiva, but also to remain in this place even after healing of the lesions, being a reservoir of Moraxella sp. in a herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Ely
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A C Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - M M Costa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - H P Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - L Pötter
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - M A Reghelin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - A W Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - D I B Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - L A Sangioni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - S A Botton
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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17
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Vargas AC, Selinger C, Satgunaseelan L, Cooper WA, Gupta R, Stalley P, Brown W, Soper J, Schatz J, Boyle R, Thomas DM, Tattersall MH, Bhadri V, Maclean F, Bonar SF, Scolyer RA, Karim RZ, McCarthy SW, Mahar A, O'Toole SA. FISH analysis of selected soft tissue tumors: Diagnostic experience in a tertiary center. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 15:38-47. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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McCart Reed AE, Kutasovic JR, Nones K, Saunus JM, Da Silva L, Newell F, Kazakoff S, Melville L, Jayanthan J, Vargas AC, Reid LE, Beesley J, Chen XQ, Patch AM, Clouston D, Porter A, Evans E, Pearson JV, Chenevix-Trench G, Cummings MC, Waddell N, Lakhani SR, Simpson PT. Mixed ductal-lobular carcinomas: evidence for progression from ductal to lobular morphology. J Pathol 2018; 244:460-468. [PMID: 29344954 PMCID: PMC5873281 DOI: 10.1002/path.5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mixed ductal–lobular carcinomas (MDLs) show both ductal and lobular morphology, and constitute an archetypal example of intratumoural morphological heterogeneity. The mechanisms underlying the coexistence of these different morphological entities are poorly understood, although theories include that these components either represent ‘collision’ of independent tumours or evolve from a common ancestor. We performed comprehensive clinicopathological analysis of a cohort of 82 MDLs, and found that: (1) MDLs more frequently coexist with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) than with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS); (2) the E‐cadherin–catenin complex was normal in the ductal component in 77.6% of tumours; and (3) in the lobular component, E‐cadherin was almost always aberrantly located in the cytoplasm, in contrast to invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), where E‐cadherin is typically absent. Comparative genomic hybridization and multiregion whole exome sequencing of four representative cases revealed that all morphologically distinct components within an individual case were clonally related. The mutations identified varied between cases; those associated with a common clonal ancestry included BRCA2, TBX3, and TP53, whereas those associated with clonal divergence included CDH1 and ESR1. Together, these data support a model in which separate morphological components of MDLs arise from a common ancestor, and lobular morphology can arise via a ductal pathway of tumour progression. In MDLs that present with LCIS and DCIS, the clonal divergence probably occurs early, and is frequently associated with complete loss of E‐cadherin expression, as in ILC, whereas, in the majority of MDLs, which present with DCIS but not LCIS, direct clonal divergence from the ductal to the lobular phenotype occurs late in tumour evolution, and is associated with aberrant expression of E‐cadherin. The mechanisms driving the phenotypic change may involve E‐cadherin–catenin complex deregulation, but are yet to be fully elucidated, as there is significant intertumoural heterogeneity, and each case may have a unique molecular mechanism. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E McCart Reed
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jamie R Kutasovic
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jodi M Saunus
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leonard Da Silva
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Lewis Melville
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janani Jayanthan
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lynne E Reid
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Xiao Qing Chen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Alan Porter
- The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Margaret C Cummings
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter T Simpson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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19
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Saunus JM, Smart CE, Kutasovic JR, Johnston RL, Kalita-de Croft P, Miranda M, Rozali EN, Vargas AC, Reid LE, Lorsy E, Cocciardi S, Seidens T, McCart Reed AE, Dalley AJ, Wockner LF, Johnson J, Sarkar D, Askarian-Amiri ME, Simpson PT, Khanna KK, Chenevix-Trench G, Al-Ejeh F, Lakhani SR. Multidimensional phenotyping of breast cancer cell lines to guide preclinical research. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 167:289-301. [PMID: 28889351 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell lines are extremely useful tools in breast cancer research. Their key benefits include a high degree of control over experimental variables and reproducibility. However, the advantages must be balanced against the limitations of modelling such a complex disease in vitro. Informed selection of cell line(s) for a given experiment now requires essential knowledge about molecular and phenotypic context in the culture dish. METHODS We performed multidimensional profiling of 36 widely used breast cancer cell lines that were cultured under standardised conditions. Flow cytometry and digital immunohistochemistry were used to compare the expression of 14 classical breast cancer biomarkers related to intrinsic molecular profiles and differentiation states: EpCAM, CD24, CD49f, CD44, ER, AR, HER2, EGFR, E-cadherin, p53, vimentin, and cytokeratins 5, 8/18 and 19. RESULTS This cell-by-cell analysis revealed striking heterogeneity within cultures of individual lines that would be otherwise obscured by analysing cell homogenates, particularly amongst the triple-negative lines. High levels of p53 protein, but not RNA, were associated with somatic mutations (p = 0.008). We also identified new subgroups using the nanoString PanCancer Pathways panel (730 transcripts representing 13 canonical cancer pathways). Unsupervised clustering identified five groups: luminal/HER2, immortalised ('normal'), claudin-low and two basal clusters, distinguished mostly by baseline expression of TGF-beta and PI3-kinase pathway genes. CONCLUSION These features are compared with other published genotype and phenotype information in a user-friendly reference table to help guide selection of the most appropriate models for in vitro and in vivo studies, and as a framework for classifying new patient-derived cancer cell lines and xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi M Saunus
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Chanel E Smart
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jamie R Kutasovic
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Johnston
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariska Miranda
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Esdy N Rozali
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Lynne E Reid
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Eva Lorsy
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Tatjana Seidens
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J Dalley
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Leesa F Wockner
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Debina Sarkar
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marjan E Askarian-Amiri
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter T Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Fares Al-Ejeh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
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McCart Reed AE, Kutasovic JR, Nones K, da Silva L, Melville L, Jayanthan J, Vargas AC, Reid LE, Saunus JM, Cummings MM, Porter A, Evans E, Waddell N, Lakhani SR, Simpson PT. Abstract P1-07-08: Mixed ductal-lobular carcinomas of the breast: Abrogated cell adhesion in the clonal evolution from ductal to lobular morphology. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p1-07-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mixed ductal-lobular carcinomas (MDL) display both ductal and lobular morphology, and are a clear example of intratumour morphological heterogeneity. The evolution of MDL carcinomas is not well understood. There is a paucity of data surrounding the genetic origin of the different morphological compartments and it remains to be seen whether the coincident presentation of these distinct morphological entities represents two independent tumours that have collided (so called 'collision tumours'), or whether they arise from a common clone. We propose that clonal progression during the evolution of these tumours is associated with a change in phenotype. To address this, a cohort of 82 MDLs was studied for clinical, morphological and molecular features. Key findings include: i) MDLs more frequently co-exist with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) than lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS); ii) the E-cadherin-catenin complex was recurrently normal in the ductal component but aberrantly localised in the lobular component of the same tumour; iii) E-cadherin deregulation in the lobular component was almost always aberrantly located to the cytoplasm, conversely classic ILCs are typically completely negative for this molecule; iv) epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker expression was not associated with E-cadherin deregulation. Comparative Genomic Hybridsation (CGH) and exome sequencing was performed to investigate clonal relationships between the different intratumour morphologies and identify mechanisms underlying the change in phenotype. Our analysis revealed that i) all morphological components within a case are clonally related; ii) divergence of the morphological components may occur early during tumour evolution (where both DCIS and LCIS are present) or later during tumour progression (cases with only DCIS detectible); and iii) mutations were identified in genes such as CDH1 and ESR1, and other breast cancer driver genes. Together, these data strongly support the concept that the disparate morphological components of these mixed tumours are clonally related, and are not the result of a collision event. Furthermore, we show that lobular morphology can arise via a 'ductal' pathway of tumour progression. The mechanisms driving the change in phenotype are yet to be fully elucidated, but there is significant intertumour heterogeneity and each case may utilise a unique molecular mechanism.
Citation Format: McCart Reed AE, Kutasovic JR, Nones K, da Silva L, Melville L, Jayanthan J, Vargas AC, Reid LE, Saunus JM, Cummings MM, Porter A, Evans E, Waddell N, Lakhani SR, Simpson PT. Mixed ductal-lobular carcinomas of the breast: Abrogated cell adhesion in the clonal evolution from ductal to lobular morphology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- AE McCart Reed
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - JR Kutasovic
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - K Nones
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - L da Silva
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - L Melville
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J Jayanthan
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - AC Vargas
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - LE Reid
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - JM Saunus
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - MM Cummings
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Porter
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - E Evans
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N Waddell
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - SR Lakhani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - PT Simpson
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Clive Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The Wesley Breast Clinic, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Morandi S, Cremonesi P, Capra E, Silvetti T, Decimo M, Bianchini V, Alves AC, Vargas AC, Costa GM, Ribeiro MG, Brasca M. Molecular typing and differences in biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibilities among Prototheca strains isolated in Italy and Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6436-6445. [PMID: 27236754 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis caused by Prototheca is a serious and complex problem that accounts for high economic losses in the dairy industry. The main objective of this study was to identify and characterize at genetic level different Prototheca strains and provide the most complete data about protothecal antibiotic resistance. The study involves 46 isolates from Italian (13 strains) and Brazilian (33 strains) mastitic milk. These strains were identified by multiplex PCR and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and characterized by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. Moreover, biofilm production and antibiotic susceptibility were evaluated. Forty-two strains resulted as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2, whereas 4 isolates could belong to a potential new Prototheca species. The RAPD-PCR, performed with 3 primers (M13, OPA-4, and OPA-18), showed a notable heterogeneity among isolates and grouped the strains according to the species and geographical origin. Biofilm production was species-dependent and P. zopfii genotype 2 strains were classified as strong biofilm producers. In vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that Prototheca strains were susceptible to antibacterial drugs belonging to aminoglycosides group; the highest activity against Prototheca strains was observed in the case of colistin sulfate, gentamicin, and netilmicin (100% of susceptible strains). It is interesting to note that all the Italian P. zopfii genotype 2 strains showed lower minimum inhibitory concentration values than the Brazilian ones. Nisin showed more efficacy than lysozyme and potassium sorbate, inhibiting 31% of the strains. Results obtained in this study confirmed that RAPD-PCR is a rapid, inexpensive, and highly discriminating tool for Prototheca strains characterization and could give a good scientific contribution for better understanding the protothecal mastitis in dairy herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morandi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - P Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - E Capra
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - T Silvetti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - M Decimo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V Bianchini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - A C Alves
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Vargas
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - G M Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200000, Larvas, MG, Brazil
| | - M G Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M Brasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Hazar-Rethinam M, de Long LM, Gannon OM, Boros S, Vargas AC, Dzienis M, Mukhopadhyay P, Saenz-Ponce N, Dantzic DDE, Simpson F, Saunders NA. RacGAP1 Is a Novel Downstream Effector of E2F7-Dependent Resistance to Doxorubicin and Is Prognostic for Overall Survival in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1939-50. [PMID: 26018753 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that E2F7 contributes to drug resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. Considering that dysregulation of responses to chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity is one of the major reasons for treatment failure in HNSCC, identifying the downstream effectors that regulate E2F7-dependent sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents may have direct clinical impact. We used transcriptomic profiling to identify candidate pathways that contribute to E2F7-dependent resistance to doxorubicin. We then manipulated the expression of the candidate pathway using overexpression and knockdown in in vitro and in vivo models of SCC to demonstrate causality. In addition, we examined the expression of E2F7 and RacGAP1 in a custom tissue microarray (TMA) generated from HNSCC patient samples. Transcriptomic profiling identified RacGAP1 as a potential mediator of E2F7-dependent drug resistance. We validated E2F7-dependent upregulation of RacGAP1 in doxorubicin-insensitive SCC25 cells. Extending this, we found that selective upregulation of RacGAP1 induced doxorubicin resistance in previously sensitive KJDSV40. Similarly, stable knockdown of RacGAP1 in insensitive SCC25 cells induced sensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. RacGAP1 expression was validated in a TMA, and we showed that HNSCCs that overexpress RacGAP1 are associated with a poorer patient overall survival. Furthermore, E2F7-induced doxorubicin resistance was mediated via RacGAP1-dependent activation of AKT. Finally, we show that SCC cells deficient in RacGAP1 grow slower and are sensitized to the cytotoxic actions of doxorubicin in vivo. These findings identify RacGAP1 overexpression as a novel prognostic marker of survival and a potential target to sensitize SCC to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lilia Merida de Long
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Orla M Gannon
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel Boros
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcin Dzienis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Mukhopadhyay
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalia Saenz-Ponce
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel D E Dantzic
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Saunders
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Hazar-Rethinam M, de Long LM, Gannon OM, Topkas E, Boros S, Vargas AC, Dzienis M, Mukhopadhyay P, Simpson F, Endo-Munoz L, Saunders NA. A novel E2F/sphingosine kinase 1 axis regulates anthracycline response in squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:417-27. [PMID: 25411162 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are frequently drug resistant and have a mortality rate of 45%. We have previously shown that E2F7 may contribute to drug resistance in SCC cells. However, the mechanism and pathways involved remain unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used transcriptomic profiling to identify candidate pathways that may contribute to E2F7-dependent resistance to anthracyclines. We then manipulated the activity/expression of the candidate pathway using overexpression, knockdown, and pharmacological inhibitors in in vitro and in vivo models of SCC to demonstrate causality. In addition, we examined the expression of E2F7 and a downstream effector in a tissue microarray (TMA) generated from HNSCC patient samples. RESULTS E2F7-deficient keratinocytes were selectively sensitive to doxorubicin and this was reversed by overexpressing E2F7. Transcriptomic profiling identified Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) as a potential mediator of E2F7-dependent drug resistance. Knockdown and overexpression studies revealed that Sphk1 was a downstream target of E2F7. TMA studies showed that E2F7 overexpression correlated with Sphk1 overexpression in human HNSCC. Moreover, inhibition of Sphk1 by shRNA or the Sphk1-specific inhibitor, SK1-I (BML-EI411), enhanced the sensitivity of SCC cells to doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, E2F7-induced doxorubicin resistance was mediated via Sphk1-dependent activation of AKT in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION We identify a novel drugable pathway in which E2F7 directly increases the transcription and activity of the Sphk1/S1P axis resulting in activation of AKT and subsequent drug resistance. Collectively, this novel combinatorial therapy can potentially be trialed in humans using existing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehlika Hazar-Rethinam
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lilia Merida de Long
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Orla M Gannon
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eleni Topkas
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samuel Boros
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcin Dzienis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Mukhopadhyay
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liliana Endo-Munoz
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Saunders
- Epithelial Pathobiology Group, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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McCart Reed AE, Song S, Kutasovic JR, Reid LE, Valle JM, Vargas AC, Smart CE, Simpson PT. Thrombospondin-4 expression is activated during the stromal response to invasive breast cancer. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:535-45. [PMID: 23942617 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The thromobospondins are a family of extracellular glycoproteins that are activated during tissue remodeling processes such as embryogenesis, wound healing and cancer. Thrombospondin-4 (THBS4) is known to have roles in cellular migration, adhesion and attachment, as well as proliferation in different contexts. Data to support a role in cancer biology is increasing, including for gastrointestinal and prostate tumours. Here, using a combination of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and analysis of publicly available genomic and expression data, we present the first study describing the pattern of expression of THBS4 in normal breast and breast cancer. THBS4 was located to the basement membrane of large ducts and vessels in normal breast tissue, but was absent from epithelium and extracellular matrix. There was a significant induction in expression in cancer-associated stroma relative to normal stroma (P = 0.0033), neoplastic epithelium (P < 0.0001) and normal epithelium (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in stromal expression of THBS4 between invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC). The THBS4 mRNA levels were variable yet were generally highest in tumours typically rich in stromal content (ILC, ER positive low grade IDC; luminal A and normal-like subtypes). Genomic alterations of the THBS4 gene (somatic mutations and gene copy number) are rare suggesting this dramatic activation in expression is most likely dynamically regulated through the interaction between invading tumour cells and stromal fibroblasts in the local microenvironment. In summary, THBS4 expression in breast cancer-associated extracellular matrix contributes to the activated stromal response exhibited during tumour progression and this may facilitate invasion of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E McCart Reed
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Building 71/918, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
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Smart CE, Morrison BJ, Saunus JM, Vargas AC, Keith P, Reid L, Wockner L, Askarian-Amiri M, Sarkar D, Simpson PT, Clarke C, Schmidt CW, Reynolds BA, Lakhani SR, Lopez JA. In vitro analysis of breast cancer cell line tumourspheres and primary human breast epithelia mammospheres demonstrates inter- and intrasphere heterogeneity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64388. [PMID: 23750209 PMCID: PMC3672101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammosphere and breast tumoursphere culture have gained popularity as in vitro assays for propagating and analysing normal and cancer stem cells. Whether the spheres derived from different sources or parent cultures themselves are indeed single entities enriched in stem/progenitor cells compared to other culture formats has not been fully determined. We surveyed sphere-forming capacity across 26 breast cell lines, immunophenotyped spheres from six luminal- and basal-like lines by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry and compared clonogenicity between sphere, adherent and matrigel culture formats using in vitro functional assays. Analyses revealed morphological and molecular intra- and inter-sphere heterogeneity, consistent with adherent parental cell line phenotypes. Flow cytometry showed sphere culture does not universally enrich for markers previously associated with stem cell phenotypes, although we found some cell-line specific changes between sphere and adherent formats. Sphere-forming efficiency was significantly lower than adherent or matrigel clonogenicity and constant over serial passage. Surprisingly, self-renewal capacity of sphere-derived cells was similar/lower than other culture formats. We observed significant correlation between long-term-proliferating-cell symmetric division rates in sphere and adherent cultures, suggesting functional overlap between the compartments sustaining them. Experiments with normal primary human mammary epithelia, including sorted luminal (MUC1+) and basal/myoepithelial (CD10+) cells revealed distinct luminal-like, basal-like and mesenchymal entities amongst primary mammospheres. Morphological and colony-forming-cell assay data suggested mammosphere culture may enrich for a luminal progenitor phenotype, or induce reversion/relaxation of the basal/mesenchymal in vitro selection occurring with adherent culture. Overall, cell line tumourspheres and primary mammospheres are not homogenous entities enriched for stem cells, suggesting a more cautious approach to interpreting data from these assays and careful consideration of its limitations. Sphere culture may represent an alternative 3-dimensional culture system which rather than universally ‘enriching’ for stem cells, has utility as one of a suite of functional assays that provide a read-out of progenitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel E Smart
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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26
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Al-Ejeh F, Shi W, Miranda M, Simpson PT, Vargas AC, Song S, Wiegmans AP, Swarbrick A, Welm AL, Brown MP, Chenevix-Trench G, Lakhani SR, Khanna KK. Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer using anti-EGFR-directed radioimmunotherapy combined with radiosensitizing chemotherapy and PARP inhibitor. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:913-21. [PMID: 23564760 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor survival. Chemotherapy is the only standard treatment for TNBC. The prevalence of BRCA1 inactivation in TNBC has rationalized clinical trials of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Similarly, the overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) rationalized anti-EGFR therapies in this disease. However, clinical trials using these 2 strategies have not reached their promise. In this study, we used EGFR as a target for radioimmunotherapy and hypothesized that EGFR-directed radioimmunotherapy can deliver a continuous lethal radiation dose to residual tumors that are radiosensitized by PARP inhibitors and chemotherapy. METHODS We analyzed EGFR messenger RNA in published gene expression array studies and investigated EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of breast cancer patients to confirm EGFR as a target in TNBC. Preclinically, using orthotopic and metastatic xenograft models of EGFR-positive TNBC, we investigated the effect of the novel combination of (177)Lu-labeled anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, chemotherapy, and PARP inhibitors on cell death and the survival of breast cancer stem cells. RESULTS In this first preclinical study of anti-EGFR radioimmunotherapy in breast cancer, we found that anti-EGFR radioimmunotherapy is safe and that TNBC orthotopic tumors and established metastases were eradicated in mice treated with anti-EGFR radioimmunotherapy combined with chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors. We showed that the superior response to this triple-agent combination therapy was associated with apoptosis and eradication of putative breast cancer stem cells. CONCLUSION Our data support further preclinical investigations toward the development of combination therapies using systemic anti-EGFR radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of recurrent and metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Al-Ejeh
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Waldron L, Ogino S, Hoshida Y, Shima K, McCart Reed AE, Simpson PT, Baba Y, Nosho K, Segata N, Vargas AC, Cummings MC, Lakhani SR, Kirkner GJ, Giovannucci E, Quackenbush J, Golub TR, Fuchs CS, Parmigiani G, Huttenhower C. Expression profiling of archival tumors for long-term health studies. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6136-46. [PMID: 23136189 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE More than 20 million archival tissue samples are stored annually in the United States as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, but RNA degradation during fixation and storage has prevented their use for transcriptional profiling. New and highly sensitive assays for whole-transcriptome microarray analysis of FFPE tissues are now available, but resulting data include noise and variability for which previous expression array methods are inadequate. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We present the two largest whole-genome expression studies from FFPE tissues to date, comprising 1,003 colorectal cancer (CRC) and 168 breast cancer samples, combined with a meta-analysis of 14 new and published FFPE microarray datasets. We develop and validate quality control (QC) methods through technical replication, independent samples, comparison to results from fresh-frozen tissue, and recovery of expected associations between gene expression and protein abundance. RESULTS Archival tissues from large, multicenter studies showed a much wider range of transcriptional data quality relative to smaller or frozen tissue studies and required stringent QC for subsequent analysis. We developed novel methods for such QC of archival tissue expression profiles based on sample dynamic range and per-study median profile. This enabled validated identification of gene signatures of microsatellite instability and additional features of CRC, and improved recovery of associations between gene expression and protein abundance of MLH1, FASN, CDX2, MGMT, and SIRT1 in CRC tumors. CONCLUSIONS These methods for large-scale QC of FFPE expression profiles enable study of the cancer transcriptome in relation to extensive clinicopathological information, tumor molecular biomarkers, and long-term lifestyle and outcome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Waldron
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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28
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Smart CE, Askarian Amiri ME, Wronski A, Dinger ME, Crawford J, Ovchinnikov DA, Vargas AC, Reid L, Simpson PT, Song S, Wiesner C, French JD, Dave RK, da Silva L, Purdon A, Andrew M, Mattick JS, Lakhani SR, Brown MA, Kellie S. Expression and function of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor J (PTPRJ) in normal mammary epithelial cells and breast tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40742. [PMID: 22815804 PMCID: PMC3398958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor J, PTPRJ, is a tumor suppressor gene that has been implicated in a range of cancers, including breast cancer, yet little is known about its role in normal breast physiology or in mammary gland tumorigenesis. In this paper we show that PTPRJ mRNA is expressed in normal breast tissue and reduced in corresponding tumors. Meta-analysis revealed that the gene encoding PTPRJ is frequently lost in breast tumors and that low expression of the transcript associated with poorer overall survival at 20 years. Immunohistochemistry of PTPRJ protein in normal human breast tissue revealed a distinctive apical localisation in the luminal cells of alveoli and ducts. Qualitative analysis of a cohort of invasive ductal carcinomas revealed retention of normal apical PTPRJ localization where tubule formation was maintained but that tumors mostly exhibited diffuse cytoplasmic staining, indicating that dysregulation of localisation associated with loss of tissue architecture in tumorigenesis. The murine ortholog, Ptprj, exhibited a similar localisation in normal mammary gland, and was differentially regulated throughout lactational development, and in an in vitro model of mammary epithelial differentiation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of human PTPRJ in HC11 murine mammary epithelial cells inhibited dome formation. These data indicate that PTPRJ may regulate differentiation of normal mammary epithelia and that dysregulation of protein localisation may be associated with tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelium/enzymology
- Epithelium/pathology
- Female
- Gene Dosage/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Loci/genetics
- Humans
- Introns/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Animal/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Meta-Analysis as Topic
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3/genetics
- Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel E. Smart
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marjan E. Askarian Amiri
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ania Wronski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marcel E. Dinger
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanna Crawford
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dmitry A. Ovchinnikov
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ana Cristina Vargas
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynne Reid
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter T. Simpson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Song
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christiane Wiesner
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Juliet D. French
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richa K. Dave
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leonard da Silva
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Purdon
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Andrew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John S. Mattick
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa A. Brown
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart Kellie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Stephens PJ, Tarpey PS, Davies H, Van Loo P, Greenman C, Wedge DC, Nik-Zainal S, Martin S, Varela I, Bignell GR, Yates LR, Papaemmanuil E, Beare D, Butler A, Cheverton A, Gamble J, Hinton J, Jia M, Jayakumar A, Jones D, Latimer C, Lau KW, McLaren S, McBride DJ, Menzies A, Mudie L, Raine K, Rad R, Chapman MS, Teague J, Easton D, Langerød A, Lee MTM, Shen CY, Tee BTK, Huimin BW, Broeks A, Vargas AC, Turashvili G, Martens J, Fatima A, Miron P, Chin SF, Thomas G, Boyault S, Mariani O, Lakhani SR, van de Vijver M, van 't Veer L, Foekens J, Desmedt C, Sotiriou C, Tutt A, Caldas C, Reis-Filho JS, Aparicio SAJR, Salomon AV, Børresen-Dale AL, Richardson AL, Campbell PJ, Futreal PA, Stratton MR. The landscape of cancer genes and mutational processes in breast cancer. Nature 2012; 486:400-4. [PMID: 22722201 PMCID: PMC3428862 DOI: 10.1038/nature11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1273] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
All cancers carry somatic mutations in their genomes. A subset, known as driver mutations, confer clonal selective advantage on cancer cells and are causally implicated in oncogenesis, and the remainder are passenger mutations. The driver mutations and mutational processes operative in breast cancer have not yet been comprehensively explored. Here we examine the genomes of 100 tumours for somatic copy number changes and mutations in the coding exons of protein-coding genes. The number of somatic mutations varied markedly between individual tumours. We found strong correlations between mutation number, age at which cancer was diagnosed and cancer histological grade, and observed multiple mutational signatures, including one present in about ten per cent of tumours characterized by numerous mutations of cytosine at TpC dinucleotides. Driver mutations were identified in several new cancer genes including AKT2, ARID1B, CASP8, CDKN1B, MAP3K1, MAP3K13, NCOR1, SMARCD1 and TBX3. Among the 100 tumours, we found driver mutations in at least 40 cancer genes and 73 different combinations of mutated cancer genes. The results highlight the substantial genetic diversity underlying this common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Stephens
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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30
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Hansen CJ, Kenny L, Lakhani SR, Ung O, Keller J, Tripcony L, Cheuk R, Grogan M, Vargas AC, Martin J. Tubular breast carcinoma: An argument against treatment de-escalation. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2012; 56:116-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2011.02330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Da Silva L, James D, Simpson PT, Walker D, Vargas AC, Jayanthan J, Lakhani SR, McNicol AM. Tumor heterogeneity in a follicular carcinoma of thyroid: a study by comparative genomic hybridization. Endocr Pathol 2011; 22:103-7. [PMID: 21499728 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-011-9154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a follicular carcinoma of thyroid that showed a range of histologic appearances, with microfollicular, macrofollicular/pseudopapillary, oncocytic, and poorly differentiated areas. We used comparative genomic hybridization to detect the major DNA copy number changes in each component, in order to study the inter-relationships among them. All showed gains in 11q and 17q, suggesting that these were early events in the development of the tumor, and these were the only changes in the follicular component. The other components each showed additional gains and losses, some unique to one component. The oncocytic component showed most changes, including loss on 16q in the region of the E-cadherin gene. This was associated with reduced intensity of immunostaining for E-cadherin specifically in that component. No mutations in the E-cadherin gene were detected in this component. The demonstration that some DNA copy number changes are consistent across each component suggests that they are all clonally related. The additional chromosomal and immunohistochemical heterogeneity across the macrofollicular/pseudopapillary, oncocytic, and poorly differentiated components would be consistent with the emergence of subclones, possibly as part of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Da Silva
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Building 918/B71, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
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Abstract
Familial breast cancer accounts for a small but significant proportion of breast cancer cases worldwide. Identification of the candidate genes is always challenging specifically in patients with little or no family history. Therefore, a multidisciplinary team is required for the proper detection and further management of these patients. Pathologists have played a pivotal role in the cataloguing of genotypic-phenotypic correlations in families with hereditary cancer syndromes. These efforts have led to the identification of histological and phenotypic characteristics that can help predict the presence or absence of germline mutations of specific cancer predisposition genes. However, the panoply of cancer phenotypes associated with mutations of genes other than in BRCA1 is yet to be fully characterised; in fact, many cancer syndromes, germline mutations and gene sequence variants are under investigation for their possible morphological associations. Here we review the current understanding of phenotype-genotype correlation in familial breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated breast cancer comprises a small but important group of hereditary breast cancer. Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 has significant clinical and personal implications for the patients in terms of therapy and follow-up of individual family members. The sequencing of the genes is expensive and since the information derived may have a profound effect on the individual and family members, it is important that testing is done only when the risk of carrying a mutation is thought to be high. Over the last decade, researchers have developed a number of statistical models for predicting risk for harboring mutations in these genes and the risk of subsequently developing breast and ovarian cancer. These models usually take into account the type of tumor and age at occurrence as well as family history. Data from pathological analysis show that although breast tumours are heterogeneous, there are histological characteristics that are seen more frequently in carriers of BRCA1 germ line mutations compared to BRCA2 and sporadic breast cancers. A number of authors have suggested that the addition of pathological data to risk algorithms may improve the predictive power of these models and provide a more accurate way of identifying individuals who may benefit from testing. Here we review the pathology of familial breast cancer and assess the evidence to justify the use of pathology in refining risk assessment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Vargas
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Building 71/918, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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34
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Waddell N, Cocciardi S, Johnson J, Healey S, Marsh A, Riley J, Silva LD, Vargas AC, Reid L, Simpson PT, Lakhani SR, Chenevix-Trench G. Gene expression profiling of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded familial breast tumours using the whole genome-DASL assay. J Pathol 2010; 221:452-61. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Vargas AC, Costa MM, Vainstein MH, Kreutz LC, Neves JP. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of bovine Campylobacter fetus strains isolated in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2003; 93:121-32. [PMID: 12637000 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(03)00018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize the phenotypic and molecular aspects of Campylobacter fetus strains isolated from bovine herds with reproductive problems. Thirty-one Brazilian field isolates, together with one reference strain of each subspecies of C. fetus, were analyzed. The strains were submitted to phenotypic identification followed by subspecies characterization using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and numeric evaluation of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Phenotypically, 4 isolates (12.1%) were classified as C. fetus subsp. fetus, and 29 isolates (87.9%) were classified as C. fetus subsp. venerealis. However, according to molecular analysis, only 1 isolate (3.0%) was classified as C. fetus subsp. fetus (the reference strain), whereas 32 isolates (97.0%) were considered C. fetus subsp. venerealis. SalI digestion of C. fetus genomic DNA, obtained from the 33 strains, yielded 7-10 DNA fragments ranging in size from 40 to 373kb, with 12 distinct patterns. Furthermore, the numeric analysis by neighbor-joining of the DNA from the 33 strains resulted in a dendrogram in which 2 distinct groups were identified. It was concluded that phenotypic characterization of C. fetus subspecies might lead to erroneous classification of field isolates. Although RFLP-PFGE is a powerful and reliable technique to characterize C. fetus, it has the inconvenience of being time consuming and laborious. Whereas PCR, besides providing rapid results, was found to be reliable and convenient for the characterization of field isolates of C. fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, RS, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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