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Wu S, Ren W, Hong J, Yang Y, Lu Y. Ablation of histone methyltransferase Suv39h2 in hepatocytes attenuates NASH in mice. Life Sci 2024; 343:122524. [PMID: 38401627 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by aberrant lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. We investigated the involvement of a histone H3K9 methyltransferase Suv39h2 in the pathogenesis of NASH. METHODS AND MATERIALS NASH is induced by feeding the mice with a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet or a high-fat choline-deficient amino acid defined (HFD-CDAA) diet. The Suv39h2f/f mice were crossbred with the Alb-Cre mice to specifically delete Suv39h2 in hepatocytes. KEY FINDINGS Ablation of Suv39h2 in hepatocytes improved insulin sensitivity of the mice fed either the HFHC diet or the CDAA-HFD diet. Importantly, Suv39h2 deletion significantly ameliorated NAFLD as evidenced by reduced lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. RNA-seq uncovered Vanin-1 (Vnn1) as a novel transcriptional target for Suv39h2. Mechanistically, Suv39h2 repressed Vnn1 transcription in hepatocytes exposed to free fatty acids. Consistently, Vanin-1 knockdown normalized lipid accumulation in Suv39h2-null hepatocytes. Importantly, a significant correlation between Suv39h2, Vanin-1, and hepatic triglyceride levels was identified in NASH patients. SIGNIFICANCE Our study uncovers a novel mechanism whereby Suv39h2 may contribute to NASH pathogenesis and suggests that targeting the Suv39h2-Vanin-1 axis may yield novel therapeutic solutions against NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiameng Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China; Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.
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2
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He Z, Zhang H, Xiao H, Zhang X, Xu H, Sun R, Li S. Ubiquitylation of RUNX3 by RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase MEX3C promotes tumorigenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:216. [PMID: 38424632 PMCID: PMC10905843 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer, but the early diagnosis rate is low. The RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase MEX3C promotes tumorigenesis in several cancers but its mechanism of action in LUAD is unclear. In this study, the biological activity of MEX3C was assessed in LUAD. MEX3C and RUNX3 mRNA levels in the tissues of LUAD patients were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. The involvement of MEX3C in the growth and metastasis of LUAD cells was measured by EdU assay, CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell assay, TUNEL, and flow cytometry. Expression of apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition related proteins were determined using western blotting analysis. LUAD cells transfected with si-MEX3C were administered to mice subcutaneously to monitor tumor progression and metastasis. We found that MEX3C is strongly upregulated in LUAD tissue sections, and involved in proliferation and migration. A549 and H1299 cells had significantly higher levels of MEX3C expression compared to control HBE cells. Knockdown of MEX3C dramatically decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and accelerated apoptosis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate MEX3C induces ubiquitylation and degradation of tumor suppressor RUNX3. Moreover, RUNX3 transcriptionally represses Suv39H1, as revealed by RNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The in vivo mice model demonstrated that knockdown of MEX3C reduced LUAD growth and metastasis significantly. Collectively, we reveal a novel MEX3C-RUNX3-Suv39H1 signaling axis driving LUAD pathogenesis. Targeting MEX3C may represent a promising therapeutic strategy against LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelai He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The first affiliated hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Haibo Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272002, Shandong, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The first affiliated hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui, China.
| | - Ruifen Sun
- Science and Technology Division, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511500, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Hu X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Li C, Zhang X, Yang D, Liu Y, Li L. DNA methylation of HOX genes and its clinical implications in cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2023; 134:104871. [PMID: 37696326 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2023.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) genes encode highly conserved transcription factors that play vital roles in embryonic development. DNA methylation is a pivotal regulatory epigenetic signaling mark responsible for regulating gene expression. Abnormal DNA methylation is largely associated with the aberrant expression of HOX genes, which is implicated in a broad range of human diseases, including cancer. Numerous studies have clarified the mechanisms of DNA methylation in both physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on how DNA methylation regulates HOX genes and briefly discuss drug development approaches targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Shandong Xinchuang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China; Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250200, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Chensheng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xikun Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
| | - Dongxia Yang
- Shandong Xinchuang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Shandong Xinchuang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Lianlian Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China; Department of Immunology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Lao W, Yang K, Kong X, Li Y, Yu X, Wang X, Liu Y, Li Z, Deng Y, Nie S, Bi C, Wu C, Zhai A. SUV39H1 is a novel biomarker targeting oxidative phosphorylation in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1159. [PMID: 38017386 PMCID: PMC10683103 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a histone methyltransferase, suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cancer. To explore the mechanism and biological function of SUV39H1 in hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) can gain an insight into the pathogenesis of HBV-HCC. METHODS The effect of HBV infection on SUV39H1 in hepatoma cells was detected. CCK-8, colony growth assay and wound healing assay were used to assess the proliferation and migration of HBV-positive hepatoma cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied to find differential genes and enriched pathways. The serum SUV39H1 level in HBV-HCC patients was detected and its correlation with clinical indicators was analyzed. RESULTS SUV39H1 was increased by HBV infection and promoted the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells. SUV39H1 could upregulate the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway-related genes. OXPHOS pathway inhibitors could reduce the capacity of proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells after overexpressing SUV39H1. Serum SUV39H1 levels were higher in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients than in healthy controls and higher in HBV-HCC patients than in CHB patients. In the diagnosis of HCC, the predictive value of SUV39H1 combined with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was better than that of AFP alone. CONCLUSION SUV39H1 is regulated by HBV infection and promotes the proliferation and migration of hepatoma cells by targeting OXPHOS pathway. It indicates that SUV39H1 may be a new biomarker of the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Wanwen Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Kaming Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xinyi Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yuetong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Xumeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yilin Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Shuping Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Aixia Zhai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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Fang Z, Wang Y, Huang B, Chen X, Jiang R, Yin M. Depletion of G9A attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriatic dermatitis via targeting EDAR-NF-κB signaling in keratinocyte. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:627. [PMID: 37739945 PMCID: PMC10517171 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common and recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by inflammatory cells infiltration of the dermis and excessive proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and abnormal keratosis of the epidermis. In this study, we found that G9A, an important methyltransferase that mainly mediates the mono-methylation (me1) and di-methylation (me2) of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9), is highly expressed in lesions of patients with psoriasis and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Previous studies have shown that G9A is involved in the pathogenesis of various tumors by regulating apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. However, the role of G9A in skin inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis remains unclear. Our data so far suggest that topical administration of G9A inhibitor BIX01294 as well as keratinocyte-specific deletion of G9A greatly alleviated IMQ-induced psoriatic alterations in mice for the first time. Mechanistically, the loss function of G9A causes the downregulation of Ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR), consequently inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway, resulting in impaired proliferation and increased apoptosis of keratinocytes, therefore ameliorating the psoriatic dermatitis induced by IMQ. In total, we show that inhibition of G9A improves psoriatic-like dermatitis mainly by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis rather than inflammatory processes, and that this molecule may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for keratinocyte hyperproliferative diseases such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Rundong Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Medical Pathology Center, Cancer Early Detection and Treatment Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.
- Translational Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing, China.
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6
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Maksimova V, Makus J, Popova V, Prus A, Usalka O, Trapeznikova E, Zhidkova E, Belitsky G, Yakubovskaya M, Kirsanov K. Histone Methyltransferases as a New Target for Epigenetic Action of Vorinostat. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:968-978. [PMID: 37751867 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792307009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic genome regulation during malignant cell transformation is characterized by the aberrant methylation and acetylation of histones. Vorinostat (SAHA) is an epigenetic modulator actively used in clinical oncology. The antitumor activity of vorinostat is commonly believed to be associated with the inhibition of histone deacetylases, while the impact of this drug on histone methylation has been poorly studied. Using HeLa TI cells as a test system allowing evaluation of the effect of epigenetically active compounds from the expression of the GFP reporter gene and gene knockdown by small interfering RNAs, we showed that vorinostat not only suppressed HDAC1, but also reduced the activity of EZH2, SUV39H1, SUV39H2, and SUV420H1. The ability of vorinostat to suppress expression of EZH2, SUV39H1/2, SUV420H1 was confirmed by Western blotting. Vorinostat also downregulated expression of SUV420H2 and DOT1L enzymes. The data obtained expand our understanding of the epigenetic effects of vorinostat and demonstrate the need for a large-scale analysis of its activity toward other enzymes involved in the epigenetic genome regulation. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying the epigenetic action of vorinostat will contribute to its more proper use in the treatment of tumors with an aberrant epigenetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Maksimova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Julia Makus
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Valeriia Popova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - Anzhelika Prus
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- MIREA, Russian Technological University, Moscow, 119571, Russia
| | - Olga Usalka
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Trapeznikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Zhidkova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Gennady Belitsky
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | | | - Kirill Kirsanov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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7
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Liu R, Wu J, Guo H, Yao W, Li S, Lu Y, Jia Y, Liang X, Tang J, Zhang H. Post-translational modifications of histones: Mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e292. [PMID: 37220590 PMCID: PMC10200003 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones are DNA-binding basic proteins found in chromosomes. After the histone translation, its amino tail undergoes various modifications, such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, malonylation, propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, and lactylation, which together constitute the "histone code." The relationship between their combination and biological function can be used as an important epigenetic marker. Methylation and demethylation of the same histone residue, acetylation and deacetylation, phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and even methylation and acetylation between different histone residues cooperate or antagonize with each other, forming a complex network. Histone-modifying enzymes, which cause numerous histone codes, have become a hot topic in the research on cancer therapeutic targets. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the role of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) in cell life activities is very important for preventing and treating human diseases. In this review, several most thoroughly studied and newly discovered histone PTMs are introduced. Furthermore, we focus on the histone-modifying enzymes with carcinogenic potential, their abnormal modification sites in various tumors, and multiple essential molecular regulation mechanism. Finally, we summarize the missing areas of the current research and point out the direction of future research. We hope to provide a comprehensive understanding and promote further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liu
- Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation OncologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Graduate DepartmentBengbu Medical College, BengbuAnhuiChina
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Graduate DepartmentBengbu Medical College, BengbuAnhuiChina
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck CenterCancer CenterDepartment of Head and Neck SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Haiwei Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck CenterCancer CenterDepartment of Head and Neck SurgeryZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Weiping Yao
- Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation OncologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Graduate DepartmentBengbu Medical College, BengbuAnhuiChina
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation OncologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Graduate DepartmentJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation OncologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yongshi Jia
- Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation OncologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation OncologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Graduate DepartmentBengbu Medical College, BengbuAnhuiChina
| | - Jianming Tang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansuChina
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation OncologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalAffiliated People's HospitalHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Ye J, Wu J, Liu B. Therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188866. [PMID: 36842765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite some advances in targeted therapeutics of human cancers, curative cancer treatment still remains a tremendous challenge due to the occurrence of drug resistance. A variety of underlying resistance mechanisms to targeted cancer drugs have recently revealed that the dual-target therapeutic strategy would be an attractive avenue. Compared to drug combination strategies, one agent simultaneously modulating two druggable targets generally shows fewer adverse reactions and lower toxicity. As a consequence, the dual-target small molecule has been extensively explored to overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing drug resistance mechanisms of cancer cells, such as enhanced drug efflux, deregulated cell death, DNA damage repair, and epigenetic alterations. Based upon the resistance mechanisms, we further discuss the current therapeutic strategies of dual-target small molecules to overcome drug resistance, which will shed new light on exploiting more intricate mechanisms and relevant dual-target drugs for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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9
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Magariños MP, Gaulton A, Félix E, Kiziloren T, Arcila R, Oprea TI, Leach AR. Illuminating the druggable genome through patent bioactivity data. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15153. [PMID: 37151295 PMCID: PMC10162037 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The patent literature is a potentially valuable source of bioactivity data. In this article we describe a process to prioritise 3.7 million life science relevant patents obtained from the SureChEMBL database (https://www.surechembl.org/), according to how likely they were to contain bioactivity data for potent small molecules on less-studied targets, based on the classification developed by the Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) project. The overall goal was to select a smaller number of patents that could be manually curated and incorporated into the ChEMBL database. Using relatively simple annotation and filtering pipelines, we have been able to identify a substantial number of patents containing quantitative bioactivity data for understudied targets that had not previously been reported in the peer-reviewed medicinal chemistry literature. We quantify the added value of such methods in terms of the numbers of targets that are so identified, and provide some specific illustrative examples. Our work underlines the potential value in searching the patent corpus in addition to the more traditional peer-reviewed literature. The small molecules found in these patents, together with their measured activity against the targets, are now accessible via the ChEMBL database.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Gaulton
- EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Exscientia, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Tudor I. Oprea
- Translational informatics Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
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10
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Sogutlu F, Pekerbas M, Biray Avci C. Epigenetic signatures in gastric cancer: current knowledge and future perspectives. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:1063-1075. [PMID: 36522183 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2159381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and accounts for 7.7% of all cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis of GC is critical in terms of prognosis, and aberrations at the molecular level, especially epigenetic alterations, manifest much earlier than histological findings. In recent years, there has been a great deal of research on the epigenomic profile of GC, and epigenetic alterations seem to play a more important role than genetic factors. With the introduction of epigenetic drugs into clinical use in the last decade, the importance of the epigenetic background of GC has increased considerably. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the role of methylation changes, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of GC and how these signatures can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in clinical management. EXPERT OPINION Epigenetic alterations take place before most genetic aberrations observed in GC and may have an initiating role in the pathogenesis of GC. They can be used as biomarkers in risk calculation, early diagnosis, and evaluation of prognosis of GC, as well as treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Pekerbas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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11
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Wang M, Bi C, Li H, Lu L, Gao T, Huang P, Liu C, Wang B. The emerging double-edged sword role of Sirtuins in the gastric inflammation-carcinoma sequence revealed by bulk and single-cell transcriptomes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1004726. [PMID: 36324577 PMCID: PMC9619065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1004726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification and the inflammation-carcinoma sequence (ICS) have been acknowledgedly implicated in gastric carcinogenesis. However, the extremum expression of some histone modification genes (HMGs) in intestinal metaplasia (IM) rather than GC obscures the roles of HMGs in ICS. In this study, we assumed an explanation that the roles of HMGs in ICS were stage specific. Bulk RNA-seq on endoscopy biopsy samples from a total of 50 patients was accompanied by reanalysis of a set of published single-cell transcriptomes, which cross-sectionally profiled the transcriptomic features of chronic superficial gastritis (SG), atrophy gastritis (AG), IM, and early gastric cancer (GC). Differential analysis observed significantly peaked expression of SIRT6 and SIRT7 at IM. Weighted correlation network analysis on bulk transcriptome recognized significant correlations between SIRT1/6 and IM. The single-cell atlas identified one subgroup of B cells expressing high level of TFF1 (TFF1hi naive B cell) that theoretically played important roles in defending microbial infection, while SIRT6 displayed a positive correlation with TFF1low naive B cells. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis at different lesions (SG-AG, AG-IM, and IM-GC) highlighted that gene sets contributing to IM, e.g., Brush Border, were largely enriched from co-expressing genes of Sirtuins (SIRTs) in AG-IM. Surveys of the genes negatively correlated with SIRT6 in public databases considered SIRT6 as tumor suppressors, which was confirmed by the cell proliferation and migration assays after transient transfection of SIRT6 overexpression vector into AGS cells. All the above observations were then confirmed by serial section-based immunohistochemistry against Ki-67, MUC2, MUC5AC, p53, and SIRT6 on the endoscopic submucosal dissection tissue. By contrast, the expression of the other HMGs varied even opposite within same family. Taken together, this study preliminarily demonstrated the two-edged sword role of SIRTs in ICS and, by extension, showed that the roles of HMGs in ICS were probably stage specific. Our study may provide new insights into and attract attention on gastric prevention and therapy targeting HMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Chenxiao Bi
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Lu
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengxia Liu, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Chengxia Liu, ; Bin Wang,
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12
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Babina M, Franke K, Bal G. How "Neuronal" Are Human Skin Mast Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810871. [PMID: 36142795 PMCID: PMC9505265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are evolutionarily old cells and the principal effectors in allergic responses and inflammation. They are seeded from the yolk sac during embryogenesis or are derived from hematopoietic progenitors and are therefore related to other leukocyte subsets, even though they form a separate clade in the hematopoietic system. Herein, we systematically bundle information from several recent high-throughput endeavors, especially those comparing MCs with other cell types, and combine such information with knowledge on the genes’ functions to reveal groups of neuronal markers specifically expressed by MCs. We focus on recent advances made regarding human tissue MCs, but also refer to studies in mice. In broad terms, genes hyper-expressed in MCs, but largely inactive in other myelocytes, can be classified into subcategories such as traffic/lysosomes (MLPH and RAB27B), the dopamine system (MAOB, DRD2, SLC6A3, and SLC18A2), Ca2+-related entities (CALB2), adhesion molecules (L1CAM and NTM) and, as an overall principle, the transcription factors and modulators of transcriptional activity (LMO4, PBX1, MEIS2, and EHMT2). Their function in MCs is generally unknown but may tentatively be deduced by comparison with other systems. MCs share functions with the nervous system, as they express typical neurotransmitters (histamine and serotonin) and a degranulation machinery that shares features with the neuronal apparatus at the synapse. Therefore, selective overlaps are plausible, and they further highlight the uniqueness of MCs within the myeloid system, as well as when compared with basophils. Apart from investigating their functional implications in MCs, a key question is whether their expression in the lineage is due to the specific reactivation of genes normally silenced in leukocytes or whether the genes are not switched off during mastocytic development from early progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Babina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristin Franke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gürkan Bal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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13
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SMYD3 promotes aerobic glycolysis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma via H3K4me3-mediated PKM2 transcription. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:763. [PMID: 36057625 PMCID: PMC9440895 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities in histone methyltransferases (HMTs) frequently occur in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and are related to its progression. SET and MYND domain containing 3 (SMYD3) is an HMT that is upregulated in various tumors and promotes their malignancy. However, to the best of our knowledge, the function of SMYD3 in DLBCL has not been investigated thus far. In the present study, 22 HMT genes related to cancer development were first selected according to current literature, and it was found that high SMYD3 expression was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival in patients with DLBCL. SMYD3 protein levels were upregulated and positively associated with poor prognosis and poor responsiveness to chemotherapy in patients with DLBCL. Functional examinations demonstrated that SMYD3 increased cell proliferation and the flux of aerobic glycolysis in DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo and decreased cell sensitivity to doxorubicin in vitro. Moreover, SMYD3 could directly bind to specific sequences of Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) and promote DLBCL cell proliferation and aerobic glycolysis via H3K4me3-mediated PKM2 transcription. Clinically, SMYD3 expression positively correlated with that of PKM2, and high SMYD3 was significantly associated with high maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) detected by [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) in DLBCL samples. Concomitant expression of SMYD3 and PKM2 positively correlated with poor progression-free and overall survival in patients with DLBCL and may serve as novel biomarkers in DLBCL.
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14
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Yang Y, Zhang M, Wang Y. The roles of histone modifications in tumorigenesis and associated inhibitors in cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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15
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Wiley JW, Higgins GA, Hong S. Chronic psychological stress alters gene expression in rat colon epithelial cells promoting chromatin remodeling, barrier dysfunction and inflammation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13287. [PMID: 35509963 PMCID: PMC9059753 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is commonly associated with enhanced abdominal pain (visceral hypersensitivity), but the cellular mechanisms underlying how chronic stress induces visceral hypersensitivity are poorly understood. In this study, we examined changes in gene expression in colon epithelial cells from a rat model using RNA-sequencing to examine stress-induced changes to the transcriptome. Following chronic stress, the most significantly up-regulated genes included Atg16l1, Coq10b, Dcaf13, Nat2, Ptbp2, Rras2, Spink4 and down-regulated genes including Abat, Cited2, Cnnm2, Dab2ip, Plekhm1, Scd2, and Tab2. The primary altered biological processes revealed by network enrichment analysis were inflammation/immune response, tissue morphogenesis and development, and nucleosome/chromatin assembly. The most significantly down-regulated process was the digestive system development/function, whereas the most significantly up-regulated processes were inflammatory response, organismal injury, and chromatin remodeling mediated by H3K9 methylation. Furthermore, a subpopulation of stressed rats demonstrated very significantly altered gene expression and transcript isoforms, enriched for the differential expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response, including upregulation of cytokine and chemokine receptor gene expression coupled with downregulation of epithelial adherens and tight junction mRNAs. In summary, these findings support that chronic stress is associated with increased levels of cytokines and chemokines, their downstream signaling pathways coupled to dysregulation of intestinal cell development and function. Epigenetic regulation of chromatin remodeling likely plays a prominent role in this process. Results also suggest that super enhancers play a primary role in chronic stress-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Wiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Gerald A. Higgins
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shuangsong Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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16
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Maeda R, Tachibana M. HP1 maintains protein stability of H3K9 methyltransferases and demethylases. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53581. [PMID: 35166421 PMCID: PMC8982598 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Di- or tri-methylated H3K9 (H3K9me2/3) is an epigenetic mark of heterochromatin. Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) specifically recognizes H3K9me2/3, contributing to transcriptional suppression and spread of H3K9me2/3. Here, we demonstrate another role of HP1 in heterochromatin organization: regulation of protein stability of H3K9 methyltransferases (H3K9 MTs) and demethylases (H3K9 DMs). We show that HP1 interaction-defective mutants of H3K9 MTs, Suv39h1 and Setdb1, undergo protein degradation. We further establish mouse embryonic stem cell lines lacking all three HP1 paralogs. In the HP1-deficient cells, Suv39h1, Suv39h2, Setdb1, and G9a/GLP complex decrease at the protein level, and the enzymes are released from chromatin. HP1 mutants that cannot recognize H3K9me2/3 or form dimers cannot stabilize these enzymes, indicating that the tethering of H3K9 MTs to chromatin is critical for their protein stability. We show that HP1 also stabilizes H3K9 DMs, Jmjd1a and Jmjd1b. Our study indicates that mammalian HP1 forms a heterochromatin hub that governs protein stability of H3K9 MTs and H3K9 DMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Maeda
- Graduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Institute of Advanced Medical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Makoto Tachibana
- Graduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan,Institute of Advanced Medical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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17
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White DS, Mongeluzi D, Curry AM, Donu D, Cen Y. Facile synthesis of photoactivatable adenosine analogs. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2219-2226. [PMID: 35425235 PMCID: PMC8979134 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and its derivatives are important building blocks of the biological system. They serve as the universal energy currency, amplify intracellular signals for various signal transduction pathways, and can also be used as the co-substrates for enzymatic transformations. The synthesis and regulation of adenosine and its analogs rely on the adenosine binding proteins (ABPs). Dysregulated ABP activity contributes to numerous diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Presently, there is intense interest in targeting ABPs for therapeutic purposes. A large fraction of the human ABP family remains poorly characterized. The need for innovative chemical probes to investigate ABP function in the native biological matrix is apparent. In this study, an adenosine analog, probe 1, with a photoaffinity group and biotin tag was synthesized using concise synthetic strategies. This probe was able to label and capture individual recombinant ABPs with good target selectivity. Probe 1 was also evaluated for its ability to label spiked ABP in complex cell lysates. This chemical probe, together with the labeling and enrichment assay, is of great value to interrogate the biological functions of ABPs and to elucidate their diversity under different physiological conditions. Photoactivatable adenosine analog-enabled capture and enrichment of adenosine binding protein (ABP).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawanna S White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA +1-804-828-7405
| | - Daniel Mongeluzi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA +1-804-828-7405
| | - Alyson M Curry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA +1-804-828-7405
| | - Dickson Donu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA +1-804-828-7405
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA +1-804-828-7405.,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23219 USA
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18
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Emerging role of G9a in cancer stemness and promises as a therapeutic target. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:76. [PMID: 34775469 PMCID: PMC8590690 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase G9a is well-documented for its implication in neoplastic growth. However, recent investigations have demonstrated a key involvement of this chromatin writer in maintaining the self-renewal and tumor-initiating capacities of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Direct inhibition of G9a’s catalytic activity was reported as a promising therapeutic target in multiple preclinical studies. Yet, none of the available pharmacological inhibitors of G9a activity have shown success at the early stages of clinical testing. Here, we discuss central findings of oncogenic expression and activation of G9a in CSCs from different origins, as well as the impact of the suppression of G9a histone methyltransferase activity in such contexts. We will explore the challenges posed by direct and systemic inhibition of G9a activity in the perspective of clinical translation of documented small molecules. Finally, we will discuss recent advances in drug discovery as viable strategies to develop context-specific drugs, selectively targeting G9a in CSC populations.
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19
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Epigenetic Regulatory Dynamics in Models of Methamphetamine-Use Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101614. [PMID: 34681009 PMCID: PMC8535492 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH)-use disorder (MUD) is a very serious, potentially lethal, biopsychosocial disease. Exposure to METH causes long-term changes to brain regions involved in reward processing and motivation, leading vulnerable individuals to engage in pathological drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior that can remain a lifelong struggle. It is crucial to elucidate underlying mechanisms by which exposure to METH leads to molecular neuroadaptive changes at transcriptional and translational levels. Changes in gene expression are controlled by post-translational modifications via chromatin remodeling. This review article focuses on the brain-region specific combinatorial or distinct epigenetic modifications that lead to METH-induced changes in gene expression.
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20
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Yuan L, Sun B, Xu L, Chen L, Ou W. The Updating of Biological Functions of Methyltransferase SETDB1 and Its Relevance in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147416. [PMID: 34299035 PMCID: PMC8306223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) is a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase that exerts important effects on epigenetic gene regulation. SETDB1 complexes (SETDB1-KRAB-KAP1, SETDB1-DNMT3A, SETDB1-PML, SETDB1-ATF7IP-MBD1) play crucial roles in the processes of histone methylation, transcriptional suppression and chromatin remodelling. Therefore, aberrant trimethylation at H3K9 due to amplification, mutation or deletion of SETDB1 may lead to transcriptional repression of various tumour-suppressing genes and other related genes in cancer cells. Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide in which SETDB1 amplification and H3K9 hypermethylation have been indicated as potential tumourigenesis markers. In contrast, frequent inactivation mutations of SETDB1 have been revealed in mesothelioma, an asbestos-associated, locally aggressive, highly lethal, and notoriously chemotherapy-resistant cancer. Above all, the different statuses of SETDB1 indicate that it may have different biological functions and be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung cancer and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenbin Ou
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-86843303
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