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Dovom MM, Fatolahi H, Nikbin S, Noktehdan SF, Mohabbati P, Bagheri P, Azarbayjani MA. Effects of Official Chess Competition on Salivary Cortisol and Mood Swings in Adolescent Girls: A Win-Loss Approach. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:301-311. [PMID: 38418740 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of official chess competition on salivary cortisol and mood swings in adolescent girls. Fourteen girl competitive chess players participated in the 5-day Swiss chess tournament held in nine heavy and light rounds. The tournament was performed at 9:00 a.m. (first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth rounds) and 3:00 p.m. (second, fourth, sixth, and eighth rounds). Salivary cortisol and mood was measured before the tournament, before and after the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth rounds, and following the tournament (10 samples). The resting levels of salivary cortisol had considerably greater values on the first, second, third, and fourth competition days compared to 1 week before the competition (P = 0.001). The post-competition cortisol concentration was significantly higher on the second and third days than before the competition (P = 0.001). Winners had considerably higher levels of salivary cortisol compared to losers (P = 0.001). There was a significant increase in total mode disturbance (P = 0.001), anger (P = 0.009), and tension (P = 0.045) following heavy rounds (second and third day) compared to the values before the competition. At the same time, the Scores of vigor decreased significantly (P = 0.001). The findings of the present study showed participating in the official chess competition increased salivary cortisol and caused negative alterations in mood components associated with the difficulty and outcome of the match, indicating the psychological stress. Hence, psychological interventions can be used for psychological recovery of competitive chess players after the competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoseyn Fatolahi
- Department of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Pardis Branch, Pardis, Iran
| | - Sina Nikbin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farhad Noktehdan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pezhman Mohabbati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Bagheri
- Department of Sport Biomechanics, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
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Ficarra G, Caccamo D, Rottura M, Bitto A, Trimarchi F, Di Mauro D. Testosterone:cortisol ratio as a predictor of podium in adolescent rowing athletes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22315. [PMID: 38053894 PMCID: PMC10694314 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is a lack of data regarding the stress and motivation response in adolescent athletes during competitions. The athletic performance can be highly influenced by stress rather than appropriate training, at this age. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the level of stress markers in adolescent rowers in different competition settings that might alter their stress status and performance. Methods Adolescent rowing athletes (12-18 yrs) have been tested for determining saliva content of stress biomarkers, cortisol and testosterone, before and after competitions that have been performed indoor and outdoor. Specifically, samples have been taken in the morning, before and after the race in 2 different settings: 1) an indoor rowing competition with an ergometer, 2) an outdoor rowing competition on boats. Results A reduction in cortisol levels has been observed in athletes right before the outdoor race, while testosterone levels increased at the same time point before either the ergometer or boat competition and kept rising at the end of the race. Significant differences have been found comparing the testosterone/cortisol ratio between indoor and outdoor data, being higher in the indoor race at all considered time-point. Furthermore, the linear regression demonstrated that the increased ratio correlated with a better podium position in the indoor race. Conclusion Despite the age differences among athletes might have an influence on their hormone levels, these data suggest that rowing athletes subjected to different kind of competitions show a different stress and motivation response profile that might influence their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ficarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Rottura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Trimarchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Debora Di Mauro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dental Sciences, and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University Hospital, Messina, Italy
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Ma T, Tan J, Li R, Li J, Gao B. Effects of six weeks of sub-plateau cold environment training on physical functioning and athletic ability in elite parallel giant slalom snowboard athletes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14770. [PMID: 36721778 PMCID: PMC9884478 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic and cold environments have been shown to improve the function and performance of athletes. However, it is unclear whether the combination of subalpine conditions and cold temperatures may have a greater effect. The present study aims to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of training in a sub-plateau cold environment on the physical function and athletic ability of elite parallel giant slalom snowboard athletes. Methods Nine elite athletes (four males and five females) participated in the study. The athletes underwent 6 weeks of high intensity ski-specific technical training (150 min/session, six times/week) and medium-intensity physical training (120 min/session, six times/week) prior to the Beijing 2021 Winter Olympic Games test competition. The physiological and biochemical parameters were collected from elbow venous blood samples after each 2-week session to assess the athletes' physical functional status. The athletes' athletic ability was evaluated by measuring their maximal oxygen uptake, Wingate 30 s anaerobic capacity, 30 m sprint run, and race performance. Measurements were taken before and after participating in the training program for six weeks. The repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the overall differences of blood physiological and biochemical indicators. For indicators with significant time main effects, post-hoc tests were conducted using the least significant difference (LSD) method. The paired-samples t-test was used to analyze changes in athletic ability indicators before and after training. Results (1) There was a significant overall time effect for red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) in males; there was also a significant effect on the percentage of lymphocytes (LY%), serum testosterone (T), and testosterone to cortisol ratio (T/C) in females (p < 0.001 - 0.015, η p 2 = 0 . 81 - 0 . 99 ). In addition, a significant time effect was also found for blood urea(BU), serum creatine kinase (CK), and serum cortisol levels in both male and female athletes (p = 0.001 - 0.029, η p 2 = 0 . 52 - 0 . 95 ). (2) BU and CK levels in males and LY% in females were all significantly higher at week 6 (p = 0.001 - 0.038), while WBC in males was significantly lower (p = 0.030). T and T/C were significantly lower in females at week 2 compared to pre-training (p = 0.007, 0.008, respectively), while cortisol (C) was significantly higher in males and females at weeks 2 and 4 (p (male) = 0.015, 0.004, respectively; p (female) = 0.024, 0.030, respectively). (3) There was a noticeable increase in relative maximal oxygen uptake, Wingate 30 s relative average anaerobic power, 30 m sprint run performance, and race performance in comparison to the pre-training measurements (p < 0.001 - 0.027). Conclusions Six weeks of sub-plateau cold environment training may improve physical functioning and promote aerobic and anaerobic capacity for parallel giant slalom snowboard athletes. Furthermore, male athletes had a greater improvement of physical functioning and athletic ability when trained in sub-plateau cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwang Tan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatao Li
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binghong Gao
- School of Elite Sport, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Relation between testosterone, cortisol and aggressive behavior in humans. PSICO 2022. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-8623.2022.1.37133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggression is an evolutionary behavior as it has a role in survival, increasing one’s access to food, shelter, status and reproduction. Testosterone and Cortisol are hormones often linked to aggressive behavior. We gathered and organized data from the last five years on the relation among Testosterone, Cortisol and aggression, while assessing the methods used by those scientific papers. A systematic review was made according to PRISMA guidelines. The search for indexed articles was performed in January 2019 using the keywords aggress* AND Testosterone AND Cortisol in three databases: Web of Science, SCOPUS and PsycInfo. The specific role of Testosterone and Cortisol in aggressive behavior is not unanimous. However, most articles found either an increase in Testosterone or a decrease in Cortisol associated with this behavior. There is the need for standardizing methods of triggering and assessing aggressive behavior, taking into account the assessment of social desirability and its impacts.
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Dutra de Morais Mourão N, Lopes J, Neto A, Pérego S, França A, França E. Behavior profile of cytokines submitted to combat sports. A systematic review. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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La Fratta I, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Patruno A, Michetti C, D'Ercole P, Ballerini P, Grilli A, Pesce M. Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16877. [PMID: 34413428 PMCID: PMC8376920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that soccer sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety and that these are linked to Cortisol (C) variations. To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how Oxytocin (OT) can affect anxiety in response to a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate, in 56 young male soccer players, the psychophysiological stress response 96 and 24 h before one soccer match of a tournament, in order to establish whether athletes who won or lost, show different levels of C and OT or expressions of competitive state anxiety subcomponents. We found that winners had significantly lower Cognitive anxiety and higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Also, significant differences between winners and losers in C and OT concentrations were observed, with higher OT levels in who has won and higher C levels in who has lost. Our results showed interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety feelings, and the outcome of competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Michetti
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Ercole
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Kılıc Y, Cetin HN, Sumlu E, Pektas MB, Koca HB, Akar F. Effects of Boxing Matches on Metabolic, Hormonal, and Inflammatory Parameters in Male Elite Boxers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060288. [PMID: 31216765 PMCID: PMC6630693 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Boxing is a popular combat sport that requires high intensity and cooperation. However, there are limited data about the influence of boxing matches on blood parameters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the match-induced changes in the metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory status in male elite boxers. Materials and methods: High-level 20 male boxers with more than 5 years experience in boxing voluntarily participated in this study. Venous blood samples of the boxers, before and after combat, were taken for determination of the plasma parameters. Results: Our results indicated that a 9-min boxing match caused significant increases in plasma energy fuels (glucose and lactate), metabolic hormones (insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and growth hormone), inflammatory markers (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), muscle damage indicators (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), and oxidative stress marker (SOD). A decrease in total oxidant status (TOS) was also considered. However, there were no significant alterations in the plasma levels of androgenic hormone (free and total testosterone), anabolic hormone (IGF-1), lipids (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), kidney function markers (creatinine and urea), and minerals (iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg)). Conclusion: Elevations in the level of energy fuels and metabolic hormones of the boxers could be taken as a reflection of high-energy turnover during combat performance. The increases in inflammatory and tissue damage indicators may possibly be an indication of traumatic injury. Understanding the biochemical changes that occur during boxing match could be valuable to optimize the performance improvement of the athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakup Kılıc
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Fırat University, 23119 Elazığ, Turkey.
| | - Hasan N Cetin
- Department of Coaching, Faculty of Sports Science, Lokman Hekim University, 06510 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esra Sumlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet B Pektas
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03218 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Halit B Koca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03218 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Brandt R, Bevilacqua GG, Coimbra DR, Pombo LC, Miarka B, Lane AM. Body Weight and Mood State Modifications in Mixed Martial Arts: An Exploratory Pilot. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2548-2554. [PMID: 29927894 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brandt, R, Bevilacqua, GG, Coimbra, DR, Pombo, LC, Miarka, B, and Lane, AM. Body weight and mood state modifications in mixed martial arts: An exploratory pilot. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2548-2554, 2018-Mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters typically use rapid weight loss (RWL) as a strategy to make competition weight. The aim of the present study was to compare body weight and mood changes in professional male MMA athletes who used strategies to rapidly lose weight (n = 9) and with MMA athletes who did not (n = 3). Body mass and mood states of anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigor and total mood disturbance were assessed (a) 30 days before competition, (b) at the official weigh-in 1 day before competition, (c) 10 minutes before competition, and (d) 10 minutes postcompetition. Results indicated that RWL associated with reporting higher confusion and greater total mood disturbance at each assessment point. Rapid weight loss also associated with high anger at the official weigh-in. However, in performance, RWL did not have deleterious effects on performance. The RWL group also reported greater total mood disturbance at all assessment points with a moderate difference effect size. Research supports the notion that RWL associates with potentially dysfunctional mood states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Brandt
- Physical Education Department, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Guilherme G Bevilacqua
- Center of Health and Sports Sciences, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Danilo R Coimbra
- Center of Health and Sports Sciences, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Pombo
- Physical Education Department, Western Paraná State University, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Bianca Miarka
- Department of Physical Education, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Andrew M Lane
- Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education Health and Well-being University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, England
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Slimani M, Paravlic AH, Chaabene H, Davis P, Chamari K, Cheour F. Hormonal responses to striking combat sports competition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sport 2018; 35:121-136. [PMID: 30455540 PMCID: PMC6234310 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.71601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Striking combat sports are challenging, commonly stressing the endocrinological system based on a mixture of body-contact actions and physiological efforts. The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to discuss the hormonal responses related to striking combat sports competitions and to investigate the moderator and mediator variables of the hormonal response-competition/outcome relationship. Three electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect) were systematically searched (up to February 2016) followed by a manual search of retrieved papers. The data showed a moderate increase in cortisol (C) (ES = 0.79; 95% CI 0.31-1.28; p = 0.001), an extremely large increase in adrenaline (ES = 4.22; 95% CI 2.62-5.82; p < 0.001), and a very large increase in noradrenaline (ES = 3.40; 95% CI 1.03-5.76; p = 0.005) and human growth hormone (HGH) levels (ES = 3.69; 95% CI 1.96-5.42; p < 0.001) immediately following the combat events, compared to the control condition i.e., "pre-combat". Furthermore, amateur athletes had a larger increase in C levels compared to highly trained athletes (ES = 2.91 [very large] vs ES = 0.56 [small]), while evening events showed greater alterations in C levels compared to morning events (ES = 1.91 [large] vs ES = 0.48 [small]), without significant differences between them (p = 0.26 and p = 0.06, respectively). The present meta-analysis also showed a small, insignificant increase in testosterone (T) (ES = 0.47 [small]; 95% CI -0.45-0.99; p = 0.074) and a decrease in insulin-like growth factor 1 levels (ES = -0.20 [trivial]; 95% CI -0.78-0.37; p = 0.486) immediately following the combat events, compared to the control condition. The type of combat sports practised, participants' gender, and the nature of competition contests (i.e., official vs simulation) did not moderate the relationship between competition and hormonal response. Additionaly, sub-analysis results showed a significant difference between younger and older athletes (Q = 4.05, p = 0.044), suggesting that after combat, younger individuals (less than 17 years of age) had a small decrease in T levels (ES = -0.58), compared with the moderate increase observed in older individuals (ES = 0.76). In conclusion, irrespective of striking combat sports types, the results showed that both official and simulated bouts are a real stressor of the hormonal system of practitioners. Coaches and applied practitioners should adopt "pre-competitive cognitive/coping strategies" to improve the psychological state that mediates the hormonal changes-competition/outcome relationship of their athletes in order to mitigate athletes' stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maamer Slimani
- Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Armin Huso Paravlic
- Science and Research Centre, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Helmi Chaabene
- Research Laboratory “Sports Performance Optimization”, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Philip Davis
- Combat Sports Performance, Braintree, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Chamari
- Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Foued Cheour
- Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Médenine, Medenine, Tunisia
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10
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Rocha VVS, Osório FDL. Associations between competitive anxiety, athlete characteristics and sport context: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Ghezzi P, Floridi L, Boraschi D, Cuadrado A, Manda G, Levic S, D'Acquisto F, Hamilton A, Athersuch TJ, Selley L. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Environmental and Psychological Stressors: A Biomarker Perspective. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:852-872. [PMID: 28494612 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The environment can elicit biological responses such as oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation as a consequence of chemical, physical, or psychological changes. As population studies are essential for establishing these environment-organism interactions, biomarkers of OS or inflammation are critical in formulating mechanistic hypotheses. Recent Advances: By using examples of stress induced by various mechanisms, we focus on the biomarkers that have been used to assess OS and inflammation in these conditions. We discuss the difference between biomarkers that are the result of a chemical reaction (such as lipid peroxides or oxidized proteins that are a result of the reaction of molecules with reactive oxygen species) and those that represent the biological response to stress, such as the transcription factor NRF2 or inflammation and inflammatory cytokines. CRITICAL ISSUES The high-throughput and holistic approaches to biomarker discovery used extensively in large-scale molecular epidemiological exposome are also discussed in the context of human exposure to environmental stressors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose to consider the role of biomarkers as signs and to distinguish between signs that are just indicators of biological processes and proxies that one can interact with and modify the disease process. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 852-872.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- 1 Brighton & Sussex Medical School , Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Luciano Floridi
- 2 Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom .,3 Alan Turing Institute , London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Boraschi
- 4 Institute of Protein Biochemistry , National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- 5 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC , Madrid, Spain .,6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina Manda
- 7 "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Snezana Levic
- 1 Brighton & Sussex Medical School , Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- 8 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Hamilton
- 8 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Toby J Athersuch
- 9 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Liza Selley
- 9 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
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La Fratta I, Tatangelo R, Campagna G, Rizzuto A, Franceschelli S, Ferrone A, Patruno A, Speranza L, De Lutiis MA, Felaco M, Grilli A, Pesce M. The plasmatic and salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and IL-6 are associated to emotional difference during stress in young male. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3031. [PMID: 29445205 PMCID: PMC5813044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva collection is considered a non-invasive method to detect inflammatory markers in response to emotional states within natural social contexts. Numerous studies have prompted an important role of cytokines in modulating distinct aspects of social and emotional behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of plasma and saliva as investigative tools for measure some inflammatory marker levels (CRP, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6). At the same time, the relationships between these markers and emotional states in response to a socio-cognitive stress (Academic Exam, AE), were considered. It was demonstrated that the plasma and saliva concentrations of all immune-mediators analyzed were significantly related across the socio-cognitive stress. In addition, when there was a close correlation to AE, the anger state, the IL-1β, the IL-18 salivary and plasmatic concentrations were significantly higher, while they decreased during the AE. On the other hand, the anxiety state and the IL-6 levels significantly increased throughout the AE. The IL-1β and IL-6 were positively associated to the anger and the anxiety state, respectively. In conclusion, our data highlight that different immune markers are similarly detectable in plasma and saliva during socio-cognitive stress. Also, they could be related to different emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Tatangelo
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Campagna
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Rizzuto
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Ferrone
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M A De Lutiis
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Felaco
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, Via dei Vestini, 31-66100, Chieti, Italy.
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13
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Salvador A, Costa R, Hidalgo V, González-Bono E. Causal attribution and psychobiological response to competition in young men. Horm Behav 2017; 92:72-81. [PMID: 28433517 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A contribution to a special issue on Hormones and Human Competition. Psychoneuroendocrine effects of competition have been widely accepted as a clear example of the relationship between androgens and aggressive/dominant behavior in humans. However, results about the effects of competitive outcomes are quite heterogeneous, suggesting that personal and contextual factors play a moderating role in this relationship. To further explore these dimensions, we aimed to examine (i) the effect of competition and its outcome on the psychobiological response to a laboratory competition in young men, and (ii) the moderating role of some cognitive dimensions such as causal attributions. To do so, we compared the responses of 56 healthy young men faced with two competitive tasks with different instructions. Twenty-eight men carried out a task whose instructions led subjects to think the outcome was due to their personal performance ("merit" task), whereas 28 other men faced a task whose outcome was attributable to luck ("chance" task). In both cases, outcome was manipulated by the experimenter. Salivary steroid hormones (testosterone and cortisol), cardiovascular variables (heart rate and blood pressure), and emotional state (mood and anxiety) were measured at different moments before, during and after both tasks. Our results did not support the "winner-loser effect" because no significant differences were found in the responses of winners and losers. However, significantly higher values on the testosterone and cardiovascular variables, along with slight decreases in positive mood, were associated with the merit-based competition, but not the chance-based condition. In addition, an exploratory factorial analysis grouped the response components into two patterns traditionally related to more active or more passive behaviors. Thus, our results suggest that the perception of contributing to the outcome is relevant in the psychobiological response to competition in men. Overall, our results reveal the importance of the appraisal of control and causal attribution in understanding human competitive interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Campus Ciudad Escolar, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Esperanza González-Bono
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Geniole SN, Bird BM, Ruddick EL, Carré JM. Effects of competition outcome on testosterone concentrations in humans: An updated meta-analysis. Horm Behav 2017; 92:37-50. [PMID: 27720891 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A contribution to a special issue on Hormones and Human Competition. Since Archer's (2006) influential meta-analysis, there has been a major increase in the number of studies investigating the effect of competition outcome on testosterone reactivity patterns in humans. Despite this increased research output, there remains debate as to whether competition outcome modulates testosterone concentrations. The present paper examines this question using a meta-analytic approach including papers published over the last 35years. Moreover, it provides the first meta-analytic estimate of the effect of competition outcome on testosterone concentrations in women. Results from a meta-analysis involving 60 effect sizes and >2500 participants indicated that winners of a competition demonstrated a larger increase in testosterone concentrations relative to losers (D=0.20)-an effect that was highly heterogeneous. This 'winner-loser' effect was most robust in studies conducted outside the lab (e.g., in sport venues) (D=0.43); for studies conducted in the lab, the effect of competition outcome on testosterone reactivity patterns was relatively weak (D=0.08), and only found in studies of men (D=0.15; in women: D=-0.04). Further, the 'winner-loser' effect was stronger among studies in which pre-competition testosterone was sampled earlier than (D=0.38, after trim and fill correction) rather than within (D=0.09) 10min of the start of the competition. Therefore, these results also provide important insight regarding study design and methodology, and will be a valuable resource for researchers conducting subsequent studies on the 'winner loser' effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn N Geniole
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Neuropsychopharmacology and Biopsychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brian M Bird
- Department of Psychology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erika L Ruddick
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin M Carré
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Abstract
In this article, I describe how the current practice of classifying as a stressor any event that is accompanied by a change in any of a number of biological or behavioral measures-even when it is not accompanied by a long-term compromise in an organism's health or capacity to cope with daily challenges-has limited the utility of this concept. This permissive posture, which began with Selye's writings more than 65 years ago, is sustained by the public's desire for a simple term that might explain the tension generated by the threat of terrorists, growing economic inequality, increased competiveness in the workplace or for admission to the best universities, rogue nuclear bombs, and media reports of threats to health in food and water. I believe that the concept stress should be limited to select events that pose a serious threat to an organism's well-being or discarded as too ambiguous to be theoretically useful.
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Wang Z, Young MRI. PTSD, a Disorder with an Immunological Component. Front Immunol 2016; 7:219. [PMID: 27375619 PMCID: PMC4893499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with an inflammatory state. However, few studies have addressed the mechanisms underlying this immune imbalance that favors inflammation or how this imbalance contributes to PTSD. Whether the immune imbalance influences responsiveness or unresponsiveness of patients to PTSD treatments is currently not known. This review brings forward an immune emphasis to a mental health disorder that is unprecedented in its prevalence among combat Veterans of the ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and which also afflicts civilians who have undergone extreme traumatic experiences, such as following natural disasters, serious accidents, or assaults. Included is an overview of the correlative associations in human subjects between PTSD and inflammation and studies in animal models of PTSD, demonstrating causal contributions of inflammation and immune dysregulation to PTSD-like behavior following stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewu Wang
- Mental Health Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M Rita I Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Wang Z, Mandel H, Levingston CA, Young MRI. An exploratory approach demonstrating immune skewing and a loss of coordination among cytokines in plasma and saliva of Veterans with combat-related PTSD. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:652-657. [PMID: 27216157 PMCID: PMC5937020 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested PTSD to be associated with an inflammatory state, although few studies have examined the balances between stimulatory and inhibitory immune mediators in PTSD. An exploratory approach was taken to assess the immune imbalances between Th1 stimulatory, inflammatory and inhibitory mediators associated with PTSD. This approach focused on a tightly-controlled and relatively homogeneous population of Veterans, all with similar levels of combat exposure in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, but some testing negative and others testing positive for PTSD. Although the sample size was small (6 controls and 7 with PTSD) and a limitation of this study, the results showed significant imbalances in immune cytokines favoring a Th1 and inflammatory state, with reduced levels of inhibitory cytokines in Veterans with PTSD. This was particularly prominent in the saliva of PTSD subjects compared to in their plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewu Wang
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Howard Mandel
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - M Rita I Young
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Franceschelli S, Pesce M, Ferrone A, Patruno A, Pasqualone L, Carlucci G, Ferrone V, Carlucci M, de Lutiis MA, Grilli A, Felaco M, Speranza L. A Novel Biological Role of α-Mangostin in Modulating Inflammatory Response Through the Activation of SIRT-1 Signaling Pathway. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2439-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Livia Pasqualone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | | | | | - Maura Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Maria Anna de Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
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Shu S, Zhan M, You YL, Qian XL, Li CM, Zhou CL, Zhou S. Wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) for precompetition nervous syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:396. [PMID: 26346433 PMCID: PMC4562199 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precompetition nervous syndrome comprises an excessive nervous and anxiety response to the high-pressure environment preceding a sporting competition. The use of acupuncture as a treatment option for anxiety, and wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) specifically in this instance, has been identified as a growing trend within the Western world. In our previous study, we have confirmed the efficacy of WAA for pre-examination anxiety. In this paper, we present a randomized controlled single-blind trial evaluating the use of WAA for precompetition nervous syndrome, comparing it with the intervention of sham acupuncture. Methods/Design The study was designed as a randomized controlled single-blind trial to evaluate the effects of WAA for precompetition anxiety. The trial will be conducted in annual track and field events of Shanghai University of Sport. A total of 100 participants who meet inclusion criteria are randomly assigned by computerized randomization to receive WAA therapy or sham acupuncture. The group allocations and interventions are concealed to participants and statisticians. The Competition State Anxiety Scale (CSAI-2) is used as the primary outcome measure, while heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory frequency, tension syndrome curative effect evaluation and participants’ feeling of acupuncture questionnaire are applied as secondary outcome measures. Discussion The results of this trial will confirm whether WAA is effective to treat precompetition anxiety in annual track and field events. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-13003931; registration date: 22 October 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shu
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Mei Zhan
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yan-li You
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiao-lu Qian
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chun-ming Li
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Cheng-lin Zhou
- Department of Sport Psychology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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