1
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George RS, Goodey H, Russo MA, Tula R, Ghezzi P. Use of immunology in news and YouTube videos in the context of COVID-19: politicisation and information bubbles. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1327704. [PMID: 38435297 PMCID: PMC10906096 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1327704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic propelled immunology into global news and social media, resulting in the potential for misinterpreting and misusing complex scientific concepts. Objective To study the extent to which immunology is discussed in news articles and YouTube videos in English and Italian, and if related scientific concepts are used to support specific political or ideological narratives in the context of COVID-19. Methods In English and Italian we searched the period 11/09/2019 to 11/09/2022 on YouTube, using the software Mozdeh, for videos mentioning COVID-19 and one of nine immunological concepts: antibody-dependent enhancement, anergy, cytokine storm, herd immunity, hygiene hypothesis, immunity debt, original antigenic sin, oxidative stress and viral interference. We repeated this using MediaCloud for news articles.Four samples of 200 articles/videos were obtained from the randomised data gathered and analysed for mentions of concepts, stance on vaccines, masks, lockdown, social distancing, and political signifiers. Results Vaccine-negative information was higher in videos than news (8-fold in English, 6-fold in Italian) and higher in Italian than English (4-fold in news, 3-fold in videos). We also observed the existence of information bubbles, where a negative stance towards one intervention was associated with a negative stance to other linked ideas. Some immunological concepts (immunity debt, viral interference, anergy and original antigenic sin) were associated with anti-vaccine or anti-NPI (non-pharmacological intervention) views. Videos in English mentioned politics more frequently than those in Italian and, in all media and languages, politics was more frequently mentioned in anti-guidelines and anti-vaccine media by a factor of 3 in video and of 3-5 in news. Conclusion There is evidence that some immunological concepts are used to provide credibility to specific narratives and ideological views. The existence of information bubbles supports the concept of the "rabbit hole" effect, where interest in unconventional views/media leads to ever more extreme algorithmic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Goodey
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rovena Tula
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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2
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Ghezzi P, Rubartelli A. Redox regulation of defense against bacterial and viral pathogens. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102339. [PMID: 37295350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the role of oxygen-derived oxidants (often termed generically reactive oxygen species), and the potential effect of exogenous antioxidants, in the pathogenesis of infectious disease. Most of the published research focuses on the inflammatory response and the concept that oxidants are pro-inflammatory and antioxidants are anti-inflammatory. The present review discusses the evidence that both oxidants and thiol antioxidants are important in the various processes of innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on the function of the immune system in the defense against pathogens, rather than its pathogenic role in inflammatory and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20100, Milano, Italy
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3
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Ghezzi P, Lucas R, Mader S, Miossec P, Sacre S. Editorial: Insights in inflammation: 2022. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224343. [PMID: 37325656 PMCID: PMC10264837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Simone Mader
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Sacre
- Department on Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
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4
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Relja B, Coldewey SM, Ghezzi P, Martin L, Thiemermann C. Editorial: Community series in translational insights into mechanisms and therapy of organ dysfunction in sepsis and trauma, volume II. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215888. [PMID: 37304276 PMCID: PMC10248577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sina Maren Coldewey
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino, Italy
| | - Lukas Martin
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Ghezzi P, Fantuzzi G, Dinarello CA. Perspective: Daniela Novick, cytokines and their receptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160651. [PMID: 37251377 PMCID: PMC10213776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This Perspective highlights the work of Dr. Daniela Novick in the field of cytokine biology. Using affinity chromatography to characterize cytokine-binding proteins, she identified soluble forms of the receptors as well as binding proteins for several cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL) 6, IL-18 and IL-32. Importantly, her work has been key in the development of monoclonal antibodies against interferons and cytokines. This Perspective discusses her contribution to the field and highlights her recent review on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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6
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Checconi P, Coni C, Limongi D, Baldelli S, Ciccarone F, De Angelis M, Mengozzi M, Ghezzi P, Ciriolo MR, Nencioni L, Palamara AT. Influenza virus replication is affected by glutaredoxin1-mediated protein deglutathionylation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22729. [PMID: 36583688 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201239rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several redox modifications have been described during viral infection, including influenza virus infection, but little is known about glutathionylation and this respiratory virus. Glutathionylation is a reversible, post-translational modification, in which protein cysteine forms transient disulfides with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by cellular oxidoreductases and in particular by glutaredoxin (Grx). We show here that (i) influenza virus infection induces protein glutathionylation, including that of viral proteins such as hemagglutinin (HA); (ii) Grx1-mediated deglutathionylation is important for the viral life cycle, as its inhibition, either with an inhibitor of its enzymatic activity or by siRNA, decreases viral replication. Overall these data contribute to the characterization of the complex picture of redox regulation of the influenza virus replication cycle and could help to identify new targets to control respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Coni
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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7
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Macedo AC, de Faria AOV, Bizzi I, Moreira FA, Colasanti A, Ghezzi P. Online information on medical cannabis is not always aligned with scientific evidence and may raise unrealistic expectations. J Cannabis Res 2022; 4:37. [PMID: 35820952 PMCID: PMC9277882 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-022-00145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a growing literature on the potential medical uses of Cannabis sativa and cannabinoid compounds. Although these have only been approved by regulatory agencies for a few indications, there is a hype about their possible benefits in a variety of conditions and a large market in the wellness industry. As in many cases patients search for information on cannabis products online, we have analyzed the information on medical cannabis available on the Internet. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the quality of the information available online on medical cannabis. Methods We searched “medical cannabis” on June 2019 using google.com and downloaded the first 243 websites. After excluding dead links or websites with no information about cannabis, 176 websites were included. They were then classified for their typology (e.g., commercial, government, news outlets). As an indicator of trustworthiness, we used the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) score, which assesses the indication of date, author, ownership of the website, and the presence of references. We also considered if a website is certified by Health-On-the-Net (HON), an independent organization, by displaying a HONCode symbol. Subsequently, we performed a content analysis to assess both the medical cannabis indications mentioned by webpages and the completeness of the information provided (whether they mentioned potential side effects and legal/regulatory issues or not). Results Analyzing 176 webpages returned by a search engine, we found that 52% of them were news websites. Pain, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis were the most frequently mentioned therapeutic areas (cited in 92, 84 and 80 webpages, respectively), which did not always match those for which there is regulatory approval. Information was also incomplete, with only 22% of the webpages mentioning potential side effects. Health portal websites provided the most complete information, with all of them (n = 7) reporting side effects. On average, 80% of webpages had a neutral stance on the potential benefits of medical cannabis, with commercial websites having more frequently a positive stance (67%). Conclusions We conclude that the information that can be found online is not always aligned in terms of the therapeutic areas for which science-based evidence is often still weak. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42238-022-00145-w.
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8
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Mensah E, Ali K, Banya W, Kirkham FA, Mengozzi M, Ghezzi P, Rajkumar C. FRailty and Arterial stiffness - the role of oXidative stress and Inflammation (FRAXI study). Biomark Insights 2022; 17:11772719221130719. [PMID: 36275839 PMCID: PMC9583202 DOI: 10.1177/11772719221130719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective There is an association between frailty and arterial stiffness. However, arterial stiffness does not uniformly correlate with the spectrum of frailty states. Both oxidative stress and inflammaging contribute to vascular ageing. There are no human studies exploring links between arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, inflammaging and frailty. Our objective is to investigate arterial stiffness and inflammaging as predictors of frailty states. Methods An observational longitudinal cohort study will be used to examine the association between arterial stiffness, oxidative stress and inflammation in 50 older adults (⩾70 years) with clinical frailty scores (CFS) ⩽6 over 6 months. All study measurements will be taken at baseline. Frailty assessment will include hand-grip strength, timed-up and go test, mini-mental state examination, geriatric depression scale and sarcopenia using body composition measurements with Tanita®. Arterial stiffness measurements will include carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (crPWV) using Complior (Alam Medical, France). CAVI device will measure Cardio-ankle vascular index and ankle brachial index (ABI). Oxidative stress blood markers nitrotyrosine (NT) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosin (8-oxo-dG) and inflammation markers high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interlukin-6(IL-6) will be measured at baseline and 6 month along with lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin. Results data analysis plan Descriptive statistics for continuous data using means and standard deviations for normality distributed variables or medians and inter-quartile ranges for skewed variables will be used. Participants will be categorised into CFS 1-3, and CFS 4-6. Categorical data will use frequencies and comparison between groups. Change in frailty between the groups over 6 months will be compared using paired t-test. Simple linear regression will be done between frailty measures, arterial stiffness, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Significance will be at P < .05. Conclusion This study data will inform a larger, multi-centre study exploring further the interplay between frailty, biomarkers and arterial stiffness parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekow Mensah
- Brighton and Sussex Clinical Trials
Unit, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, Brighton, UK,Ekow Mensah, Brighton and Sussex Clinical
Trials Unit, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, Audrey Emerton Building,
Eastern Road, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK.
| | - Khalid Ali
- Brighton and Sussex Clinical Trials
Unit, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, Brighton, UK,Department of Medicine, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Winston Banya
- Research Office, Royal Brompton and
Harefield Clinical Group, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London,
UK
| | - Frances Ann Kirkham
- Brighton and Sussex Clinical Trials
Unit, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Medicine, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Chakravarthi Rajkumar
- Brighton and Sussex Clinical Trials
Unit, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, Brighton, UK,Department of Medicine, Brighton and
Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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9
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Zucker IH, Mann GE, Ghezzi P. Special issue "Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes". Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 184:12-13. [PMID: 35358619 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Kings College London 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.
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10
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Henschenmacher B, Bitsch A, de Las Heras Gala T, Forman HJ, Fragoulis A, Ghezzi P, Kellner R, Koch W, Kuhne J, Sachno D, Schmid G, Tsaioun K, Verbeek J, Wright R. The effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro: A protocol for a systematic review. Environ Int 2022; 158:106932. [PMID: 34662800 PMCID: PMC8668870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is conjectured to be related to many diseases. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that radiofrequency fields may induce oxidative stress in various cell types and thereby compromise human and animal health. This systematic review (SR) aims to summarize and evaluate the literature related to this hypothesis. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this SR is to evaluate the associations between the exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and oxidative stress in experimental models (in vivo and in vitro). METHODS The SR framework has been developed following the guidelines established in the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development and the Handbook for Conducting a Literature-Based Health Assessment). We will include controlled in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies that assess the effects of an exposure to RF-EMF on valid markers for oxidative stress compared to no or sham exposure. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO. We will search the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and the EMF-Portal. The reference lists of included studies and retrieved review articles will also be manually searched. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHOD Data will be extracted according to a pre-defined set of forms developed in the DistillerSR online software and synthesized in a meta-analysis when studies are judged sufficiently similar to be combined. If a meta-analysis is not possible, we will describe the effects of the exposure in a narrative way. RISK OF BIAS The risk of bias will be assessed with the NTP/OHAT risk of bias rating tool for human and animal studies. We will use GRADE to assess the certainty of the conclusions (high, moderate, low, or inadequate) regarding the association between radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and oxidative stress. FUNDING This work was funded by the World Health Organization (WHO). REGISTRATION The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO webpage on July 8, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Henschenmacher
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Annette Bitsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Tonia de Las Heras Gala
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; University of California Merced, 5200 Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Trafford Centre, Falmer BN1 9RY, United Kingdom; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rupert Kellner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Koch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jens Kuhne
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - Dmitrij Sachno
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gernot Schmid
- Seibersdorf Laboratories, Campus Seibersdorf, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria.
| | - Katya Tsaioun
- Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jos Verbeek
- University Medical Center Amsterdam, Cochrane Work, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert Wright
- William H. Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 2024 E. Monument Street, Suite 1-200, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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11
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Mehta S, Ghezzi D, Catalani A, Vanzolini T, Ghezzi P. Online information on face masks: analysis of websites in Italian and English returned by different search engines. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046364. [PMID: 34244263 PMCID: PMC8275368 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Countries have major differences in the acceptance of face mask use for the prevention of COVID-19. This work aims at studying the information online in different countries in terms of information quality and content. DESIGN Content analysis. METHOD We analysed 450 webpages returned by searching the string 'are face masks dangerous' in Italy, the UK and the USA using three search engines (Bing, Duckduckgo and Google) in August 2020. The type of website and the stance about masks were assessed by two raters for each language and inter-rater agreement reported as Cohen's kappa. The text of the webpages was collected from the web using WebBootCaT and analysed using a corpus analysis software to identify issues mentioned. RESULTS Most pages were news outlets, and few (2%-6%) from public health agencies. Webpages with a negative stance on masks were more frequent in Italian (28%) than English (19%). Google returned the highest number of mask-positive pages and Duckduckgo the lowest. Google also returned the lowest number of pages mentioning conspiracy theories and Duckduckgo the highest. Webpages in Italian scored lower than those in English in transparency (reporting authors, their credentials and backing the information with references). When issues about the use of face masks were analysed, mask effectiveness was the most discussed followed by hypercapnia (accumulation of carbon dioxide), contraindication in respiratory disease and hypoxia, with issues related to their contraindications in mental health conditions and disability mentioned by very few pages. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that: (1) public health agencies should increase their web presence in providing correct information on face masks; (2) search engines should improve the information quality criteria in their ranking; (3) the public should be more informed on issues related to the use of masks and disabilities, mental health and stigma arising for those people who cannot wear masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaily Mehta
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Daria Ghezzi
- Homerton College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessia Catalani
- School of Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Tania Vanzolini
- School of Biotechnology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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12
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Caserta S, Ghezzi P. Release of redox enzymes and micro-RNAs in extracellular vesicles, during infection and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:248-257. [PMID: 33862160 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies reported that redox enzymes, particularly thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin, can be released by cells and act as soluble mediators in immunity. Recently, it became clear that peroxiredoxins can be secreted via the exosome-release route, yet it remains unclear how this exactly happens and why. This review will first introduce briefly the possible redox states of protein cysteines and the role of redox enzymes in their regulation. We will then discuss the studies on the extracellular forms of some of these enzymes, their association with exosomes/extracellular vesicles and with exosome micro-RNAs (miRNAs)/mRNAs involved in oxidative processes, relevant in infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caserta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Hardy Building, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN19RY, United Kingdom.
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13
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Ghezzi P. Redox regulation of immunity and the role of small molecular weight thiols. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102001. [PMID: 33994345 PMCID: PMC8212150 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is thought that excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be a causal component in many diseases, some of which have an inflammatory component. This led to an oversimplification whereby ROS are seen as inflammatory and antioxidants anti-inflammatory. This paper aims at reviewing some of the literature on thiols in host defense. The review will first summarize the mechanisms by which we survive infections by pathogens. Then we will consider how the redox field evolved from the concept of oxidative stress to that of redox regulation and how it intersects the field of innate immunity. A third section will analyze how an oversimplified oxidative stress theory of disease led to a hypothesis on the role of ROS and glutathione (GSH) in immunity, respectively as pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Finally, we will discuss some recent research and how to think out of the box of that oversimplification and link the role of thiols in redox regulation to the mechanisms by which we survive an infection outlined in the first section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Great Britain, BN1 9RY, UK.
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14
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Al-Jefri M, Evans R, Lee J, Ghezzi P. Automatic Identification of Information Quality Metrics in Health News Stories. Front Public Health 2021; 8:515347. [PMID: 33392124 PMCID: PMC7775604 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.515347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Many online and printed media publish health news of questionable trustworthiness and it may be difficult for laypersons to determine the information quality of such articles. The purpose of this work was to propose a methodology for the automatic assessment of the quality of health-related news stories using natural language processing and machine learning. Materials and Methods: We used a database from the website HealthNewsReview.org that aims to improve the public dialogue about health care. HealthNewsReview.org developed a set of criteria to critically analyze health care interventions' claims. In this work, we attempt to automate the evaluation process by identifying the indicators of those criteria using natural language processing-based machine learning on a corpus of more than 1,300 news stories. We explored features ranging from simple n-grams to more advanced linguistic features and optimized the feature selection for each task. Additionally, we experimented with the use of pre-trained natural language model BERT. Results: For some criteria, such as mention of costs, benefits, harms, and “disease-mongering,” the evaluation results were promising with an F1 measure reaching 81.94%, while for others the results were less satisfactory due to the dataset size, the need of external knowledge, or the subjectivity in the evaluation process. Conclusion: These used criteria are more challenging than those addressed by previous work, and our aim was to investigate how much more difficult the machine learning task was, and how and why it varied between criteria. For some criteria, the obtained results were promising; however, automated evaluation of the other criteria may not yet replace the manual evaluation process where human experts interpret text senses and make use of external knowledge in their assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Al-Jefri
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Data Intelligence for Health Lab, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roger Evans
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Joon Lee
- Data Intelligence for Health Lab, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
The hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be not just associated with but causally implicated in disease was first made in 1956, but so far, the oxidative stress theory of disease has not led to major therapeutic breakthrough, and the use of antioxidant is now confined to the field of complementary medicine. This chapter reviews the lack of high-level clinical evidence for the effectiveness of antioxidants in preventing disease and the epistemological problems of the oxidative stress theory of disease. We conclude on possible ways forward to test this hypothesis with approaches that take into account personalized medicine. The previous oxidative stress model has helped neither to diagnose nor to treat possibly ROS-related or ROS-dependent diseases. The redox balance concept that low ROS levels are beneficial or tolerable and high levels are disease triggers and best reduced is apparently wrong. Physiological ROS signalling may become dysfunctional or a disease trigger by at least five mechanisms: a physiological source may appear at an unphysiological site, a physiological source may be underactivated (less common) or overactivated (more common), a new source may appear, a physiological source may be overactivated or underactivated, and a toxifying enzyme may convert an ROS signal molecule into a more reactive molecule. The latter three mechanisms may reach a physiological or nonphysiological target. All of these dysregulations may be the direct and essential cause of a disease (rarely the case) or just a secondary epiphenomenon, which will disappear once the non-ROS-related cause of the disease is cured (much more common). Importantly, these mechanisms are the same for almost every signalling system. Causal target validation (sources, toxifiers and targets) is essential in order to identify effective drugs and therapies for ROSopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arshag D Mooradian
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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16
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Gyetvai G, Roe C, Heikal L, Ghezzi P, Mengozzi M. Correction to: Leukemia inhibitory factor inhibits erythropoietin-induced myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes. Mol Med 2020; 26:62. [PMID: 32586269 PMCID: PMC7318419 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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17
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Heikal L, Ghezzi P, Mengozzi M, Ferns G. Correction to: Assessment of HIF-1α expression and release following endothelial injury in-vitro and in-vivo. Mol Med 2020; 26:61. [PMID: 32586270 PMCID: PMC7318540 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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18
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Radermacher P, Billiar TR, Ghezzi P, Martin L, Thiemermann C. Editorial: Translational Insights Into Mechanisms and Therapy of Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis and Trauma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1987. [PMID: 33101267 PMCID: PMC7546816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC International and Commercial Services Division, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, Medical Faculty, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Ghezzi P, Shahvisi A, Stevens H. Editorial: Medicine and Society. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:570551. [PMID: 33163500 PMCID: PMC7591592 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.570551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Pietro Ghezzi
| | | | - Hilde Stevens
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences. The view of oxidative stress as a cause of cell damage has evolved over the past few decades to a much more nuanced view of the role of oxidative changes in cell physiology. This is no more evident than in the field of immunity, where oxidative changes are now known to regulate many aspects of the immune response, and inflammatory pathways in particular. Our understanding of redox regulation of immunity now encompasses not only increases in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, but also changes in the activities of oxidoreductase enzymes. These enzymes are important regulators of immune pathways both via changes in their redox activity, but also via other more recently identified cytokine-like functions. The emerging picture of redox regulation of immune pathways is one of increasing complexity and while therapeutic targeting of the redox environment to treat inflammatory disease is a possibility, any such strategy is likely to be more nuanced than simply inhibiting ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mullen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ben Alberts
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
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21
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Casas AI, Nogales C, Mucke HAM, Petraina A, Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Ghezzi P, Jaquet V, Augsburger F, Dufrasne F, Soubhye J, Deshwal S, Di Sante M, Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F, Schmidt HHHW. On the Clinical Pharmacology of Reactive Oxygen Species. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:801-828. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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22
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Ghezzi P, Bannister PG, Casino G, Catalani A, Goldman M, Morley J, Neunez M, Prados-Bo A, Smeesters PR, Taddeo M, Vanzolini T, Floridi L. Online Information of Vaccines: Information Quality, Not Only Privacy, Is an Ethical Responsibility of Search Engines. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:400. [PMID: 32850905 PMCID: PMC7431660 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that Internet companies may record our personal data and track our online behavior for commercial or political purpose has emphasized aspects related to online privacy. This has also led to the development of search engines that promise no tracking and privacy. Search engines also have a major role in spreading low-quality health information such as that of anti-vaccine websites. This study investigates the relationship between search engines' approach to privacy and the scientific quality of the information they return. We analyzed the first 30 webpages returned searching "vaccines autism" in English, Spanish, Italian, and French. The results show that not only "alternative" search engines (Duckduckgo, Ecosia, Qwant, Swisscows, and Mojeek) but also other commercial engines (Bing, Yahoo) often return more anti-vaccine pages (10-53%) than Google.com (0%). Some localized versions of Google, however, returned more anti-vaccine webpages (up to 10%) than Google.com. Health information returned by search engines has an impact on public health and, specifically, in the acceptance of vaccines. The issue of information quality when seeking information for making health-related decisions also impact the ethical aspect represented by the right to an informed consent. Our study suggests that designing a search engine that is privacy savvy and avoids issues with filter bubbles that can result from user-tracking is necessary but insufficient; instead, mechanisms should be developed to test search engines from the perspective of information quality (particularly for health-related webpages) before they can be deemed trustworthy providers of public health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gonzalo Casino
- Communication Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.,Iberoamerican Cochrane Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessia Catalani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michel Goldman
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare (I3h), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jessica Morley
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Neunez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare (I3h), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andreu Prados-Bo
- Communication Department, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.,Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre R Smeesters
- Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariarosaria Taddeo
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tania Vanzolini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luciano Floridi
- Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Mengozzi M, Kirkham FA, Girdwood EER, Bunting E, Drazich E, Timeyin J, Ghezzi P, Rajkumar C. C-Reactive Protein Predicts Further Ischemic Events in Patients With Transient Ischemic Attack or Lacunar Stroke. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1403. [PMID: 32733466 PMCID: PMC7358589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who have experienced a first cerebral ischemic event are at increased risk of recurrent stroke. There is strong evidence that low-level inflammation as measured by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a predictor of further ischemic events. Other mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke may play a role in determining the risk of secondary events, including oxidative stress and the adaptive response to it and activation of neuroprotective pathways by hypoxia, for instance through induction of erythropoietin (EPO). This study investigated the association of the levels of CRP, peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1, an indicator of the physiological response to oxidative stress) and EPO (a neuroprotective factor produced in response to hypoxia) with the risk of a second ischemic event. Eighty patients with a diagnosis of lacunar stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were included in the study and a blood sample was collected within 14 days from the initial event. Hs-CRP, PRDX1, and EPO were measured by ELISA. Further ischemic events were recorded with a mean follow-up of 42 months (min 24, max 64). Multivariate analysis showed that only CRP was an independent predictor of further events with an observed risk (OR) of 1.14 (P = 0.034, 95% CI 1.01–1.29). No association was observed with the levels of PRDX1 or EPO. A receiver operating curve (ROC) determined a cut-off CRP level of 3.25 μg/ml, with a 46% sensitivity and 81% specificity. Low-level inflammation as detected by hs-CRP is an independent predictor of recurrent cerebrovascular ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Frances A Kirkham
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Esme E R Girdwood
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Bunting
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Drazich
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Timeyin
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Chakravarthi Rajkumar
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
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24
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Ghezzi P, Ford E. Editorial: Dimensions of Health Information Quality. Front Public Health 2020; 8:223. [PMID: 32612968 PMCID: PMC7308423 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Mengozzi M, Hesketh A, Bucca G, Ghezzi P, Smith CP. Vitamins D3 and D2 have marked but different global effects on gene expression in a rat oligodendrocyte precursor cell line. Mol Med 2020; 26:32. [PMID: 32272884 PMCID: PMC7146914 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) but it is unclear whether vitamin D supplementation improves the clinical course of MS, and there is uncertainty about the dose and form of vitamin D (D2 or D3) to be used. The mechanisms underlying the effects of vitamin D in MS are not clear. Vitamin D3 increases the rate of differentiation of primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), suggesting that it might help remyelination in addition to modulating the immune response. Here we analyzed the transcriptome of differentiating rat CG4 OPCs treated with vitamin D2 or with vitamin D3 at 24 h and 72 h following onset of differentiation. Methods Gene expression in differentiating CG4 cells in response to vitamin D2 or D3 was quantified using Agilent DNA microarrays (n = 4 replicates), and the transcriptome data were processed and analysed using the R software environment. Differential expression between the experimental conditions was determined using LIMMA, applying the Benjamini and Hochberg multiple testing correction to p-values, and significant genes were grouped into co-expression clusters by hierarchical clustering. The functional significance of gene groups was explored by pathway enrichment analysis using the clusterProfiler package. Results Differentiation alone changed the expression of about 10% of the genes at 72 h compared to 24 h. Vitamin D2 and D3 exerted different effects on gene expression, with D3 influencing 1272 genes and D2 574 at 24 h. The expression of the vast majority of these genes was either not changed in differentiating cells not exposed to vitamin D or followed the same trajectory as the latter. D3-repressed genes were enriched for Gene Ontology (GO) categories including transcription factors and the Notch pathway, while D3-induced genes were enriched for the Ras pathway. Conclusions This study shows that vitamin D3, compared with D2, changes the expression of a larger number of genes in OLs. Identification of genes affected by D3 in OLs should help to identify mechanisms mediating its action in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Andrew Hesketh
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Giselda Bucca
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK. .,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Colin P Smith
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
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26
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Ghezzi P. Environmental risk factors and their footprints in vivo - A proposal for the classification of oxidative stress biomarkers. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101442. [PMID: 32035921 PMCID: PMC7327955 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental agents, including socioeconomic condition, and host factors can act as causal agents and risk factors in disease. We use biomarkers and sociomarkers to study causal factors, such as overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which could play a role in disease through oxidative stress. It is therefore important to define the exact meaning of the biomarker we measure. In this review we attempt a classification of biomarkers related to oxidative stress based on their biological meaning. We define as type zero biomarkers the direct measurement of ROS in vivo in patients. Type 1 biomarkers are the most frequently used indicators of oxidative stress, represented by oxidized lipids, proteins or nucleic acids and their bases. Type 2 biomarkers are indicators of the activation of biochemical pathways that can lead to the formation of ROS. Type 3 biomarkers are host factors such as small-molecular weight antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, while type 4 biomarkers measure genetic factors and mutations that could modify the susceptibility of an individual to oxidative stress. We also discuss whether biomarkers are actionable or not, that is if the specific blockade of these molecules can ameliorate disease or if they are just surrogate markers. The proposed classification of biomarkers of oxidative stress based on their meaning and ambiguities, within the theoretical framework of the oxidative stress theory of disease may help identify those diseases, and individuals, where oxidative stress has a causal role, to allow targeted therapy and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN19RY, United Kingdom.
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27
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Abstract
Probiotics are over-the-counter products marketed for enhancing human health. Online information has been key in promoting probiotics worldwide. However, only few rigorous clinical studies have met the stringent criteria required to establish the efficacy and safety of probiotics. The present study was undertaken to assess the information quality of webpages referring to probiotics and to compare the recommendations available online with the information collected from trusted scientific sources. We evaluated 150 webpages returned by Google searching “probiotics” in terms of typology of website, health information quality based on the JAMA score and the HONcode certification, as well as completeness of the information based on the presence of four criteria: (1) links to scientific references supporting health claims, (2) cautionary notes about level of evidence for alleged benefits, (3) safety considerations, and (4) regulatory status. We then enumerated the health claims mentioned online and the corresponding clinical trials and reviews registered in the Cochrane library. Finally, the conclusions of Cochrane reviews were used to assess the level of scientific evidence of the information available through Google search. HON-certified websites were significantly more frequent in the top 10 websites than in the remaining websites. In terms of completeness of information, only 10% of webpages met all four criteria, 40% had a cautionary note on benefits, 35% referred to scientific literature, and only 25% mentioned potential side effects. The results of the content analysis led us to conclude that: (1) the most frequent typologies of webpages returned by Google are commercial and news, (2) commercial websites on average provide the least reliable information, and (3) significant numbers of claimed benefits of probiotics are not supported by scientific evidence. This study highlights important biases in the probiotics information available online, underlining the need to improve the quality and objectivity of information provided to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Neunez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Goldman
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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28
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Wu Y, Heikal L, Ferns G, Ghezzi P, Nokhodchi A, Maniruzzaman M. 3D Bioprinting of Novel Biocompatible Scaffolds for Endothelial Cell Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1924. [PMID: 31766610 PMCID: PMC6960937 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an optimized 3D bioprinting technology in order to fabricate novel scaffolds for the application of endothelial cell repair. Various biocompatible and biodegradable macroporous scaffolds (D = 10 mm) with interconnected pores (D = ~500 µm) were fabricated using a commercially available 3D bioprinter (r3bEL mini, SE3D, USA). The resolution of the printing layers was set at ~100 µm for all scaffolds. Various compositions of polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and pluronic F127 (F127) formulations were prepared and optimized to develop semi-solid viscous bioinks. Either dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) or erythroprotein (EPO) was used as a model drug and loaded in the viscous biocompatible ink formulations with a final concentration of 30% (w/w). The surface analysis of the bioinks via a spectroscopic analysis revealed a homogenous distribution of the forming materials throughout the surface, whereas SEM imaging of the scaffolds showed a smooth surface with homogenous macro-porous texture and precise pore size. The rheological and mechanical analyses showed optimum rheological and mechanical properties of each scaffold. As the drug, DMOG, is a HIF-1 inducer, its release from the scaffolds into PBS solution was measured indirectly using a bioassay for HIF-1α. This showed that the release of DMOG was sustained over 48 h. The release of DMOG was enough to cause a significant increase in HIF-1α levels in the bioassay, and when incubated with rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) for 2 h resulted in transcriptional activation of a HIF-1α target gene (VEGF). The optimum time for the increased expression of VEGF gene was approximately 30 min and was a 3-4-fold increase above baseline. This study provides a proof of concept, that a novel bioprinting platform can be exploited to develop biodegradable composite scaffolds for potential clinical applications in endothelial cell repair in cardiovascular disease (CVD), or in other conditions in which endothelial damage occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy (Chemistry), School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK;
| | - Lamia Heikal
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK or (G.F.); (P.G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Alexandria University, El Sultan Hussein St AZARITA-Qesm Al Attarin, Alexandria Governorate 21521, Egypt
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK or (G.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK or (G.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Department of Pharmacy (Chemistry), School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK;
- Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Arif N, Al-Jefri M, Bizzi IH, Perano GB, Goldman M, Haq I, Chua KL, Mengozzi M, Neunez M, Smith H, Ghezzi P. Corrigendum: Fake News or Weak Science? Visibility and Characterization of Antivaccine Webpages Returned by Google in Different Languages and Countries. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2252. [PMID: 31616426 PMCID: PMC6779847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arif
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Majed Al-Jefri
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michel Goldman
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inam Haq
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kee Leng Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Marie Neunez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helen Smith
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Pietro Ghezzi
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Ingram S, Mengozzi M, Heikal L, Mullen L, Ghezzi P. Inflammation-induced reactive nitrogen species cause proteasomal degradation of dimeric peroxiredoxin-1 in a mouse macrophage cell line. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:875-881. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1637863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ingram
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Lamia Heikal
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, Brighton, UK
| | - Lisa Mullen
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, Brighton, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, Brighton, UK
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Cassa Macedo A, Oliveira Vilela de Faria A, Ghezzi P. Boosting the Immune System, From Science to Myth: Analysis the Infosphere With Google. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:165. [PMID: 31403046 PMCID: PMC6673706 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The concept that one can “boost” immunity is a popular one. Although the only evidence-based approach to this is vaccination, the lay public is exposed to a wide range of information on how to boost immunity. The aim of this study was to analyze such information available on the Internet. Methods and findings: We visited 185 webpages returned from a Google search on “boost immunity” and classified them by typology (blogs, commercial, government, no-profit, news, professional, scientific journals) and by using standard indicators of health information quality (JAMA score, HONCode). We then analyzed their content in terms of disease and “boosters” mentioned. Commercial and news websites represented one third of the results each. Of the 37 approaches to boost immunity recorded, the top ones were diet (77% of webpages), fruit (69%), vitamins (67%), antioxidants (52%), probiotics (51%), minerals (50%), and vitamin C (49%). Interestingly, vaccines ranked 27th, with only 12% of webpages mentioning them. Conclusions: Commercial websites are an important component of the information available to the public on the topic, and thus contribute providing biased information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Cassa Macedo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Ingram S, Mengozzi M, Sacre S, Mullen L, Ghezzi P. Differential induction of nuclear factor-like 2 signature genes with toll-like receptor stimulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:245-250. [PMID: 30894323 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in the induction of thioredoxin (TXN) and peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) and activation of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2). In this study we have used the mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage and the human THP-1 monocyte cell line to investigate the pattern of expression of three Nrf2 target genes, PRDX1, TXN reductase (TXNRD1) and heme oxygenase (HMOX1), by activation of different Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We found that, while the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces all three genes, the pattern of induction with agonists for TLR1/2, TLR3, TLR2/6 and TLR7/8 differs depending on the gene and the cell line. In all cases, the extent of induction was HMOX1>TXNRD1>PRDX1. Since LPS was a good inducer of all genes in both cell lines, we studied the mechanisms mediating LPS induction of the three genes using mouse RAW 264.7 cells. To assess the role of ROS we used the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Only LPS induction of HMOX1 was inhibited by NAC while that of TXNRD1 and PRDX1 was unaffected. These three genes were also induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a ROS-inducer acting by activation of protein kinase C (PKC). The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine inhibited the induction of all three genes by PMA but only that of HMOX1 by LPS. This indicates that activation of these genes by inflammatory agents is regulated by different mechanisms involving either ROS or protein kinases, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ingram
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Sacre
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Mullen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PS, United Kingdom.
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Alberts BM, Barber JS, Sacre SM, Davies KA, Ghezzi P, Mullen LM. Precipitation of Soluble Uric Acid Is Necessary for In Vitro Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Primary Human Monocytes. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:1141-1150. [PMID: 30824640 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of soluble uric acid (UA) on expression and activation of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in human monocytes to elucidate the role of hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of gout. METHODS Primary human monocytes and the THP-1 human monocyte cell line were used to determine the effects of short- and longterm exposure to UA on activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion by ELISA and cell-based assays. Expression of key NLRP3 components in monocytes from patients with a history of gout were analyzed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Precipitation of UA was required for activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent release of IL-1β in human monocytes. Neither monosodium urate (MSU) crystals nor soluble UA had any effect on activation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB. Prolonged exposure of monocytes to soluble UA did not alter these responses. However, both MSU crystals and soluble UA did result in a 2-fold increase in reactive oxygen species. Patients with gout (n = 15) had significantly elevated serum UA concentrations compared to healthy individuals (n = 16), yet secretion of IL-1β and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in monocytes isolated from these patients were not different from those of healthy controls. CONCLUSION Despite reports indicating that soluble UA can prime and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, precipitation of soluble UA into MSU crystals is essential for in vitro NLRP3 signaling in primary human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Alberts
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - James S Barber
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Sandra M Sacre
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Kevin A Davies
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
| | - Lisa M Mullen
- From the Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. .,B.M. Alberts, BSc, PhD Student, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; J.S. Barber, BM BS, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; S.M. Sacre, PhD, Senior Lecturer in Molecular Cell Biology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; K.A. Davies, MD, MA, MB BS, Foundation Professor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; P. Ghezzi, PhD, RM Phillips Chair in Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex; L.M. Mullen, PhD, Lecturer in Biochemistry, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex.
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Alberts BM, Bruce C, Basnayake K, Ghezzi P, Davies KA, Mullen LM. Secretion of IL-1β From Monocytes in Gout Is Redox Independent. Front Immunol 2019; 10:70. [PMID: 30761138 PMCID: PMC6361747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays important roles in immunity but is also implicated in autoimmune disease. The most well-established mechanism of IL-1β secretion is via activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome which requires an initial priming signal followed by an activating signal. However, the precise mechanism by which the inflammasome is activated remains unclear. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process is contradictory, with some studies suggesting that ROS are crucial while others describe opposite effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oxidative stress on IL-1β secretion. Gout is a disease driven solely by IL-1β secretion in response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals which form during periods of hyperuricemia and thus presents an opportunity to study factors contributing to IL-1β secretion. Sera and monocytes were isolated from patients with gout to determine whether differences in antioxidant status could explain the susceptibility of these individuals to gout attacks. In addition, sera and monocytes were collected from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for comparison as this condition is associated with high levels of oxidative stress and disturbances in serum uric acid levels. There were differences in some aspects of antioxidant defenses in gout patients and these were mainly due to higher serum uric acid. Monocytes from gout patients were more responsive to priming, but not activation, of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, expression of the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome were unaffected by priming or activation of the inflammasome, nor were these expression levels differentially regulated in gout patients. Inhibition of ROS by N-Acetyl Cysteine inhibited TLR2-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome, but had no effect on MSU-induced activation. Together these findings demonstrate that oxidative stress only affects priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome but does not influence activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Alberts
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Bruce
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kolitha Basnayake
- Sussex Kidney Unit, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Mullen
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Gyetvai G, Roe C, Heikal L, Ghezzi P, Mengozzi M. Leukemia inhibitory factor inhibits erythropoietin-induced myelin gene expression in oligodendrocytes. Mol Med 2018; 24:51. [PMID: 30261841 PMCID: PMC6161334 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pro-myelinating effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and other cytokines of the gp130 family, including oncostatin M (OSM) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), have long been known, but controversial results have also been reported. We recently overexpressed erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) in rat central glia-4 (CG4) oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to study the mechanisms mediating the pro-myelinating effects of erythropoietin (EPO). In this study, we investigated the effect of co-treatment with EPO and LIF. Methods Gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiating CG4 cells in response to EPO and LIF was analysed by DNA microarrays and by RT-qPCR. Experiments were performed in biological replicates of N ≥ 4. Functional annotation and biological term enrichment was performed using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery). The gene-gene interaction network was visualised using STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes). Results In CG4 cells treated with 10 ng/ml of EPO and 10 ng/ml of LIF, EPO-induced myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) expression, measured at day 3 of differentiation, was inhibited ≥4-fold (N = 5, P < 0.001). Inhibition of EPO-induced MOG was also observed with OSM and CNTF. Analysis of the gene expression profile of CG4 differentiating cells treated for 20 h with EPO and LIF revealed LIF inhibition of EPO-induced genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism, previously identified as positive regulators of myelination in this system. In addition, among the genes induced by LIF, and not by differentiation or by EPO, the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) as negative regulators of myelination was further explored. LIF-induced SOCS3 was associated with MOG inhibition; Pam3, an agonist of TLR2, inhibited EPO-induced MOG expression, suggesting that TLR2 is functional and its activation decreases myelination. Conclusions Cytokines of the gp130 family may have negative effects on myelination, depending on the cytokine environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0052-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gyetvai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Cieron Roe
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Lamia Heikal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK.
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK
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Al-Jefri M, Evans R, Uchyigit G, Ghezzi P. What Is Health Information Quality? Ethical Dimension and Perception by Users. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:260. [PMID: 30294599 PMCID: PMC6158347 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The popularity of seeking health information online makes information quality (IQ) a public health issue. The present study aims at building a theoretical framework of health information quality (HIQ) that can be applied to websites and defines which IQ criteria are important for a website to be trustworthy and meet users' expectations. Methods: We have identified a list of HIQ criteria from existing tools and assessment criteria and elaborated them into a questionnaire that was promoted via social media and mainly the University. Responses (329) were used to rank the different criteria for their importance in trusting a website and to identify patterns of criteria using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: HIQ criteria were organized in five dimensions based on previous theoretical frameworks as well as on how they cluster together in the questionnaire response. We could identify a top-ranking dimension (scientific completeness) that describes what the user is expecting to know from the websites (in particular: description of symptoms, treatments, side effects). Cluster analysis also identified a number of criteria borrowed from existing tools for assessing HIQ that could be subsumed to a broad “ethical” dimension (such as conflict of interests, privacy, advertising policies) that were, in general, ranked of low importance by the participants. Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in the importance assigned to the various criteria based on gender, language and whether or not of biomedical educational background. Conclusions: We identified criteria of HIQ and organized them in dimensions. We observed that ethical criteria, while regarded highly in the academic and medical environment, are not considered highly by the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Al-Jefri
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Evans
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Gulden Uchyigit
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
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Manley L, Ghezzi P. The quality of online health information on breast augmentation. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018; 71:e62-e63. [PMID: 30145149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Manley
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, University of Sussex, Eastern Ring Road, Brighton BN19RY, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre, University of Sussex, Eastern Ring Road, Brighton BN19RY, UK..
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Arif N, Al-Jefri M, Bizzi IH, Perano GB, Goldman M, Haq I, Chua KL, Mengozzi M, Neunez M, Smith H, Ghezzi P. Fake News or Weak Science? Visibility and Characterization of Antivaccine Webpages Returned by Google in Different Languages and Countries. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1215. [PMID: 29922286 PMCID: PMC5996113 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1998 Lancet paper by Wakefield et al., despite subsequent retraction and evidence indicating no causal link between vaccinations and autism, triggered significant parental concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the online information available on this topic. Using localized versions of Google, we searched “autism vaccine” in English, French, Italian, Portuguese, Mandarin, and Arabic and analyzed 200 websites for each search engine result page (SERP). A common feature was the newsworthiness of the topic, with news outlets representing 25–50% of the SERP, followed by unaffiliated websites (blogs, social media) that represented 27–41% and included most of the vaccine-negative websites. Between 12 and 24% of websites had a negative stance on vaccines, while most websites were pro-vaccine (43–70%). However, their ranking by Google varied. While in Google.com, the first vaccine-negative website was the 43rd in the SERP, there was one vaccine-negative webpage in the top 10 websites in both the British and Australian localized versions and in French and two in Italian, Portuguese, and Mandarin, suggesting that the information quality algorithm used by Google may work better in English. Many webpages mentioned celebrities in the context of the link between vaccines and autism, with Donald Trump most frequently. Few websites (1–5%) promoted complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) but 50–100% of these were also vaccine-negative suggesting that CAM users are more exposed to vaccine-negative information. This analysis highlights the need for monitoring the web for information impacting on vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arif
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Majed Al-Jefri
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michel Goldman
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inam Haq
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kee Leng Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Marie Neunez
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Innovation in Healthcare, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helen Smith
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, United Kingdom
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Heikal L, Ghezzi P, Mengozzi M, Ferns G. Assessment of HIF-1α expression and release following endothelial injury in-vitro and in-vivo. Mol Med 2018; 24:22. [PMID: 30134815 PMCID: PMC6016879 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial injury is an early and enduring feature of cardiovascular disease. Inflammation and hypoxia may be responsible for this, and are often associated with the up-regulation of several transcriptional factors that include Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1). Although it has been reported that HIF-1α is detectable in plasma, it is known to be unstable. Our aim was to optimize an assay for HIF-1α to be applied to in vitro and in vivo applications, and to use this assay to assess the release kinetics of HIF-1α following endothelial injury. Methods An ELISA for the measurement of HIF-1α in cell-culture medium and plasma was optimized, and the assay was used to determine the best conditions for sample collection and storage. The results of the ELISA were validated using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro, a standardized injury was produced in a monolayer of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) and intracellular HIF-1α was measured at intervals over 24 h. In vivo, a rat angioplasty model was used. The right carotid artery was injured using a 2F Fogarty balloon catheter. HIF-1α was measured in the plasma and in the arterial tissue (0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 days post injury). Results The HIF-1α ELISA had a limit of detection of 2.7 pg/mL and was linear up to 1000 pg/ mL. Between and within-assay, the coefficient of variation values were less than 15%. HIF-1α was unstable in cell lysates and plasma, and it was necessary to add a protease inhibitor immediately after collection, and to store samples at -80 °C prior to analysis. The dynamics of HIF-1α release were different for the in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro, HIF-1α reached maximum concentrations approximately 2 h post injury, whereas peak values in plasma and tissues occurred approximately 2 days post injury, in the balloon injury model. Conclusion HIF-1α can be measured in plasma, but this requires careful sample collection and storage. The carotid artery balloon injury model is associated with the transient release of HIF-1α into the circulation that probably reflects the hypoxia induced in the artery wall. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-018-0026-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Heikal
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School Department of Clinical and experimental investigation, University of Sussex, Falmer East Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School Department of Clinical and experimental investigation, University of Sussex, Falmer East Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School Department of Clinical and experimental investigation, University of Sussex, Falmer East Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School Department of Clinical and experimental investigation, University of Sussex, Falmer East Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PS, UK. .,Brighton and Sussex Medical School Department of Medical Education, Mayfield House, Falmer East Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK.
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Fossati R, Alexanian A, Liberati A, Marsoni S, Monferroni N, Nicolucci A, Parazzini F, Giganti M, Piffanelli A, Ghezzi P, Magnanini S, Rinaldini M, Berardi F, Di Biagio G, Testore F, Tavoni N, Palmieri D, Schittulli F, Pedicini T, Fumagalli M, Gritti G, Braga M, Marini G, Zamboni A, Cosentino D, Epifani C, Scognamiglio G, Perroni D, Peradotto F, Saba V, Indelli M, Santini A, Isa L, Scapaticci R, Aitini E, Gavazzini G, Smerieri F, Lomonaco I, Nascimben O, Locatelli E, Monti M, Ghislandi E, Gottardi O, Majno M, Poma C, Pluchinotta A, Armaroli L, Confalonieri C, Viola P, Sisto R, Buda F, Plaino R, Galletto L, Trolli B, Biasio M, Rolfo A, Vaudano G, Giolito M, Scoletta G, Ambrosini G, Busana L, Molteni M, Richetti A. Breast Cancer Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors: Associations with Patients' Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics. Tumori 2018; 77:472-8. [DOI: 10.1177/030089169107700605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1095 patients with operable breast cancer and en-rolled in a randomized clinical trial were analysed for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor content of their primary tumor, and the relationships between steroid receptor status and several epidemiologic characteristics were studied. The proportion of ER+ and median ER levels increased with age: compared to women younger than 40, those aged 66 or more were approximately three times more likely to have an ER+ tumor (OR = 3.0, 95% C.I. = 1.6–5.7). This difference tended to be more marked after comparison between patients with ER > 100 fmol/mg protein and ER- within the same age groups: OR = 7.04, 95 % C.I. = 2.89–17.12. No association emerged between age and PgR. ER status and concentrations were independent of menopausal status after adjustment for age, whereas the proportion of PgR+ and PgR levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal patients of the same age. The distribution of ER and PgR profiles was similar in relation to family history of breast cancer, reproductive events and other selected epidemiologic characteristics of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Fossati
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - A.A. Alexanian
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - A. Liberati
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - S. Marsoni
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - N. Monferroni
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - A. Nicolucci
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - F. Parazzini
- G.I.V.I.O. Coordinating Center, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - M. Giganti
- Cattedra Medicina Nucleare, Istituto Radiologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara
| | - A. Piffanelli
- Cattedra Medicina Nucleare, Istituto Radiologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara
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42
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Ghezzi P, Floridi L, Boraschi D, Cuadrado A, Manda G, Levic S, D'Acquisto F, Hamilton A, Athersuch TJ, Selley L. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Environmental and Psychological Stressors: A Biomarker Perspective. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:852-872. [PMID: 28494612 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The environment can elicit biological responses such as oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation as a consequence of chemical, physical, or psychological changes. As population studies are essential for establishing these environment-organism interactions, biomarkers of OS or inflammation are critical in formulating mechanistic hypotheses. Recent Advances: By using examples of stress induced by various mechanisms, we focus on the biomarkers that have been used to assess OS and inflammation in these conditions. We discuss the difference between biomarkers that are the result of a chemical reaction (such as lipid peroxides or oxidized proteins that are a result of the reaction of molecules with reactive oxygen species) and those that represent the biological response to stress, such as the transcription factor NRF2 or inflammation and inflammatory cytokines. CRITICAL ISSUES The high-throughput and holistic approaches to biomarker discovery used extensively in large-scale molecular epidemiological exposome are also discussed in the context of human exposure to environmental stressors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose to consider the role of biomarkers as signs and to distinguish between signs that are just indicators of biological processes and proxies that one can interact with and modify the disease process. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 852-872.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ghezzi
- 1 Brighton & Sussex Medical School , Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Luciano Floridi
- 2 Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom .,3 Alan Turing Institute , London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Boraschi
- 4 Institute of Protein Biochemistry , National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- 5 Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC , Madrid, Spain .,6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina Manda
- 7 "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest, Romania
| | - Snezana Levic
- 1 Brighton & Sussex Medical School , Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio D'Acquisto
- 8 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Hamilton
- 8 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Toby J Athersuch
- 9 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Liza Selley
- 9 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, United Kingdom
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43
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Cuadrado A, Manda G, Hassan A, Alcaraz MJ, Barbas C, Daiber A, Ghezzi P, León R, López MG, Oliva B, Pajares M, Rojo AI, Robledinos-Antón N, Valverde AM, Guney E, Schmidt HHHW. Transcription Factor NRF2 as a Therapeutic Target for Chronic Diseases: A Systems Medicine Approach. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:348-383. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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44
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Arif N, Ghezzi P. Breast cancer information on the internet: Type of websites, accuracy and readability of online resources. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.01.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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45
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Caserta S, Mengozzi M, Kern F, Newbury SF, Ghezzi P, Llewelyn MJ. Severity of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Affects the Blood Levels of Circulating Inflammatory-Relevant MicroRNAs. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1977. [PMID: 29459855 PMCID: PMC5807656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a potentially lethal response triggered by diverse forms of tissue injury and infection. When systemic inflammation is triggered by infection, the term sepsis is used. Understanding how inflammation is mediated and regulated is of enormous medical importance. We previously demonstrated that circulating inflammatory-relevant microRNAs (CIR-miRNAs) are candidate biomarkers for differentiating sepsis from SIRS. Here, we set out to determine how CIR-miRNA levels reflect SIRS severity and whether they derive from activated immune cells. Clinical disease severity scores and markers of red blood cell (RBC) damage or immune cell activation were correlated with CIR-miRNA levels in patients with SIRS and sepsis. The release of CIR-miRNAs modulated during SIRS was assessed in immune cell cultures. We show that severity of non-infective SIRS, but not sepsis is reflected in the levels of miR-378a-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p, and miR-192-5p. These CIR-miRNA levels positively correlate with levels of the redox biomarker, peroxiredoxin-1 (Prdx-1), which has previously been shown to be released by immune cells during inflammation. Furthermore, in vitro activated immune cells produce SIRS-associated miR-378a-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p, and miR-192-5p. Our study furthers the understanding of the origin, role, and trafficking of CIR-miRNAs as potential regulators of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Caserta
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Kern
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom.,Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah F Newbury
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Llewelyn
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom.,Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
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46
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Arif N, Ghezzi P. Quality of online information on breast cancer treatment options. Breast 2018; 37:6-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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47
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Mennini T, Giordano L, Mengozzi M, Ghezzi P, Tonelli R, Mantegazza R, Silani V, Corbo M, Lunetta C, Beghi E. Increased Il-8 Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. EUR J INFLAMM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0900700105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. The chemokine IL-8 is thought to have a pathophysiological role in neurodegenerative diseases. IL-8 has recently been shown to induce death of primary cultured motor neurons in vitro. We determined IL-8 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 38 patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to patients with other non-inflammatory neurological diseases (cerebrovascular disease, degenerative dementia, Parkinson's disease, compressive radiculo-myelopathy). Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were used as positive controls. The levels of IL-8 in the CSF of ALS patients were significantly higher than those of patients with other, non-inflammatory neurological conditions and similar to those of MS patients. The only variable influencing IL-8 in ALS patients was sex, with higher levels in men than in women. The presence of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in the CSF of patients with ALS at the time of diagnosis strengthens the hypothesis of a role for this chemokine in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Mennini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - L. Giordano
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - M. Mengozzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - P. Ghezzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | - R. Tonelli
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
| | | | - V. Silani
- Dept. Neurology and “Dino Ferrari” Center, University of Milan Medical School, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano
| | - M. Corbo
- Dept. Neurology and “Dino Ferrari” Center, University of Milan Medical School, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano
- NEuroMuscular Omnicenter (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milano, Italy
| | - C. Lunetta
- Dept. Neurology and “Dino Ferrari” Center, University of Milan Medical School, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano
- NEuroMuscular Omnicenter (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milano, Italy
| | - E. Beghi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano
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48
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Arif N, Ghezzi P. Breast cancer information on the internet: Type of websites, accuracy and readability of online resources. Eur J Surg Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2017.10.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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49
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Gyetvai G, Hughes T, Wedmore F, Roe C, Heikal L, Ghezzi P, Mengozzi M. Erythropoietin Increases Myelination in Oligodendrocytes: Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Early Induction of Genes Involved in Lipid Transport and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1394. [PMID: 29123527 PMCID: PMC5662872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective or neuroreparative actions on diseases of the nervous system and that improves oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination in vivo and in vitro. This study aims at investigating the early molecular mechanisms for the pro-myelinating action of EPO at the gene expression level. For this purpose, we used a differentiating OL precursor cell line, rat central glia-4 cells. Cells were differentiated or not, and then treated with EPO for 1 or 20 h. RNA was extracted and changes in the gene expression profile were assessed using microarray analysis. Experiments were performed in biological replicates of n = 4. Differentiation alone changed the expression of 11% of transcripts (2,663 out of 24,272), representing 2,436 genes, half of which were upregulated and half downregulated. At 20 h of treatment, EPO significantly affected the expression of 99 genes that were already regulated by differentiation and of 150 genes that were not influenced by differentiation alone. Analysis of the transcripts most upregulated by EPO identified several genes involved in lipid transport (e.g., Cd36) and lipid metabolism (Ppargc1a/Pgc1alpha, Lpin1, Pnlip, Lpin2, Ppard, Plin2) along with Igf1 and Igf2, growth factors known for their pro-myelinating action. All these genes were only induced by EPO and not by differentiation alone, except for Pnlip which was highly induced by differentiation and augmented by EPO. Results were validated by quantitative PCR. These findings suggest that EPO might increase remyelination by inducing insulin-like growth factors and increasing lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gyetvai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Trisha Hughes
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Wedmore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Cieron Roe
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lamia Heikal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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50
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Egea J, Fabregat I, Frapart YM, Ghezzi P, Görlach A, Kietzmann T, Kubaichuk K, Knaus UG, Lopez MG, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Petry A, Schulz R, Vina J, Winyard P, Abbas K, Ademowo OS, Afonso CB, Andreadou I, Antelmann H, Antunes F, Aslan M, Bachschmid MM, Barbosa RM, Belousov V, Berndt C, Bernlohr D, Bertrán E, Bindoli A, Bottari SP, Brito PM, Carrara G, Casas AI, Chatzi A, Chondrogianni N, Conrad M, Cooke MS, Costa JG, Cuadrado A, My-Chan Dang P, De Smet B, Debelec-Butuner B, Dias IHK, Dunn JD, Edson AJ, El Assar M, El-Benna J, Ferdinandy P, Fernandes AS, Fladmark KE, Förstermann U, Giniatullin R, Giricz Z, Görbe A, Griffiths H, Hampl V, Hanf A, Herget J, Hernansanz-Agustín P, Hillion M, Huang J, Ilikay S, Jansen-Dürr P, Jaquet V, Joles JA, Kalyanaraman B, Kaminskyy D, Karbaschi M, Kleanthous M, Klotz LO, Korac B, Korkmaz KS, Koziel R, Kračun D, Krause KH, Křen V, Krieg T, Laranjinha J, Lazou A, Li H, Martínez-Ruiz A, Matsui R, McBean GJ, Meredith SP, Messens J, Miguel V, Mikhed Y, Milisav I, Milković L, Miranda-Vizuete A, Mojović M, Monsalve M, Mouthuy PA, Mulvey J, Münzel T, Muzykantov V, Nguyen ITN, Oelze M, Oliveira NG, Palmeira CM, Papaevgeniou N, Pavićević A, Pedre B, Peyrot F, Phylactides M, Pircalabioru GG, Pitt AR, Poulsen HE, Prieto I, Rigobello MP, Robledinos-Antón N, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Rolo AP, Rousset F, Ruskovska T, Saraiva N, Sasson S, Schröder K, Semen K, Seredenina T, Shakirzyanova A, Smith GL, Soldati T, Sousa BC, Spickett CM, Stancic A, Stasia MJ, Steinbrenner H, Stepanić V, Steven S, Tokatlidis K, Tuncay E, Turan B, Ursini F, Vacek J, Vajnerova O, Valentová K, Van Breusegem F, Varisli L, Veal EA, Yalçın AS, Yelisyeyeva O, Žarković N, Zatloukalová M, Zielonka J, Touyz RM, Papapetropoulos A, Grune T, Lamas S, Schmidt HHHW, Di Lisa F, Daiber A. Corrigendum to "European contribution to the study of ROS: A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS)" [Redox Biol. 13 (2017) 94-162]. Redox Biol 2017; 14:694-696. [PMID: 29107648 PMCID: PMC5975209 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Egea
- Institute Teofilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Univerisdad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - I Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y M Frapart
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - P Ghezzi
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - A Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - T Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - K Kubaichuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - U G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M G Lopez
- Institute Teofilo Hernando, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Univerisdad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, JLU Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Vina
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - P Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - K Abbas
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - O S Ademowo
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - C B Afonso
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - I Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - H Antelmann
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Antunes
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica and Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal
| | - M Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M M Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section & Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R M Barbosa
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - V Belousov
- Molecular technologies laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - C Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA
| | - E Bertrán
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - S P Bottari
- GETI, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1029, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble-Alpes University and Radio-analysis Laboratory, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - P M Brito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - G Carrara
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A I Casas
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalized Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Chatzi
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - N Chondrogianni
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - M Conrad
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M S Cooke
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J G Costa
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - P My-Chan Dang
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - B De Smet
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - B Debelec-Butuner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - I H K Dias
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - J D Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry, Science II, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - A J Edson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - J El-Benna
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - P Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A S Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - K E Fladmark
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - U Förstermann
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - R Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Z Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - A Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - H Griffiths
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - V Hampl
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Hanf
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Herget
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Hillion
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Huang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Ilikay
- Harran University, Arts and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Cancer Biology Lab, Osmanbey Campus, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - P Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - V Jaquet
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J A Joles
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - D Kaminskyy
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - M Karbaschi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Dept. Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - M Kleanthous
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - L O Klotz
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - B Korac
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" and Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K S Korkmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - R Koziel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Kračun
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K H Krause
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - J Laranjinha
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - H Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Martínez-Ruiz
- Servicio de Immunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section & Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G J McBean
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S P Meredith
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - J Messens
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Miguel
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Mikhed
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - I Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - L Milković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Mojović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - P A Mouthuy
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - T Münzel
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - V Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Targeted Therapeutics & Translational Nanomedicine, ITMAT/CTSA Translational Research Center University of Pennsylvania The Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I T N Nguyen
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Oelze
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - N G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C M Palmeira
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Papaevgeniou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - A Pavićević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Pedre
- Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Peyrot
- LCBPT, UMR 8601 CNRS - Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; ESPE of Paris, Paris Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - M Phylactides
- Molecular Genetics Thalassaemia Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - G G Pircalabioru
- The Research Institute of University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A R Pitt
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - H E Poulsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg Hospital, University Hospital Copenhagen, Denmark; Department Q7642, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M P Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N Robledinos-Antón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Rodríguez-Mañas
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - A P Rolo
- Center for Neurosciences & Cell Biology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences of the Faculty of Sciences & Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F Rousset
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - N Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Sasson
- Institute for Drug Research, Section of Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Unit, The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - K Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - K Semen
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - T Seredenina
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Shakirzyanova
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - G L Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Science II, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - B C Sousa
- School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B47ET, UK
| | - C M Spickett
- Life & Health Sciences and Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - A Stancic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic" and Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M J Stasia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, F38000 Grenoble, France; CDiReC, Pôle Biologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble F-38043, France
| | - H Steinbrenner
- Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutrigenomics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - V Stepanić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Steven
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - K Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - O Vajnerova
- Department of Physiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Varisli
- Harran University, Arts and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Cancer Biology Lab, Osmanbey Campus, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - E A Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A S Yalçın
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Yelisyeyeva
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - N Žarković
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Zatloukalová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - J Zielonka
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - R M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - A Papapetropoulos
- Laboratoty of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - T Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - S Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - H H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology & Personalized Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - A Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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