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Xie W, An L, Liu Z, Wang X, Fu X, Ma J. Therapeutic Effect of Polaprezinc on Reflux Esophagitis in the Rat Model. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07990-6. [PMID: 37335414 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To explore the protective effects and therapeutic mechanism of Esomeprazole (PPI), polaprezinc granule (PZ), and PPI + PZ on reflux esophagitis (RE) in the rat model. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups, which contain the control group, the acid cessation group (0.7% HCl, Q3D × 4), and the acid persistence group (0.7% HCl, Q3D × 11). PPI was administered by gavage at 8 mg·kg-1 body weight and PZ was administered by gavage at 120 mg·kg-1 body weight once a day for 15 days. The gastric cardia tissue of the feeding tube was observed under the light microscope, and the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by ELISA. The expression of EGFR, Akt, p-Akt, and p-mTOR was detected by Western blot. RESULTS The ELISA results showed that the levels of IL-8 and PGE2 were significantly increased in the model group, but decreased in all groups after treatment. In the acid cessation group, PZ treatment had the most significant effect on reducing IL-8 levels and PPI + PZ treatment had the most significant effect on reducing PGE2 levels. In the acid persistence group, the PPI treatment had the most significant effect on reducing the levels of IL-8 and PGE2, and the PZ treatment could also significantly reduce their levels, close to the normal value. Western blot results showed that the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway protein was increased in the model group, while its expression was decreased after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Polaprezinc has a significant therapeutic effect on RE in rats, which can reduce the levels of IL-8 and PGE2 and downregulate the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway protein. The efficacy of polaprezinc in the treatment of reflux esophagitis is comparable to that of PPI, and the combination of them is more effective in the reflux esophagitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Lu An
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xindi Wang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
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Shen W, Zhao X, Han Z, Miao Y, Huang H, Zhang Z, Dong L, Nie Y, Li H, Ni R. Efficacy and safety of polaprezinc in the treatment of gastric ulcer: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled clinical trial. Med Eng Phys 2022; 110:103860. [PMID: 35999163 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of polaprezinc compared with rebamipide in the treatment of gastric ulcers (GU). METHODS GU patients (n = 224) from 10 clinical centers were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a control (n = 113) or test (n = 111) group. The control group was treated with rebamipide tablets, while the test group was treated with polaprezinc. The primary endpoint was the effective treatment rate, which was confirmed by gastroscopy after 8 weeks of treatment. The secondary efficacy endpoint was the improvement rate of gastrointestinal symptoms after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS The basic characteristics of the two groups were well balanced. For the primary efficacy endpoint, the effective rates confirmed by gastroscopy, after treatment for the test and control groups were 81.48% and 74.31% (P = 0.1557), respectively. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatments, both treatment groups had comparable improvements rates in gastrointestinal symptoms (test vs. control: 44.44% vs. 39.45% [P = 0.4559] and 81.48% vs. 77.06% [P = 0.4223]). Further, the two groups had similar adverse events and reactions to the study drugs. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the efficacy and safety of polaprezinc were similar to those of rebamipide in the treatment of GU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Huimei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163316, China
| | - RunZhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Tang W, Liu H, Ooi TC, Rajab NF, Cao H, Sharif R. Zinc carnosine: Frontiers advances of supplement for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113157. [PMID: 35605299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) has an existence within large quantities in the human brain, while accumulating within synaptic vesicle. There is growing evidence that Zn metabolic equilibrium breaking participates into different diseases (e.g., vascular dementia, carcinoma, Alzheimer's disease). Carnosine refers to an endogenic dipeptide abundant in skeletal muscle and brains and exerts a variety of positive influences (e.g., carcinoma resistance, crosslinking resistance, metal chelation and oxidation limitation). A complex of Zn and carnosine, called Zinc-L-carnosine (ZnC), has been extensively employed within Zn supplement therapeutic method and the treating approach for ulcers. ZnC has been shown to play a variety of roles in the body, including inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) and free radical levels, inhibiting inflammation, supplementing zinc enzymes and promoting wound healing and mucosal cell repair. The present study conducting a reviewing process for the advances of ZnC in tumor adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyuan Liu
- General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Theng Choon Ooi
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hongyong Cao
- General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Center for Healthy Ageing & Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Biocompatibility Laboratory, Centre for Research and Instrumentation, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Li M, Sun Z, Zhang H, Liu Z. Recent advances on polaprezinc for medical use (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1445. [PMID: 34721687 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study described the chemical and biological properties of zinc complex of L-carnosine (L-CAZ; generic name, polaprezinc; chemical name, catena-(S)-[µ-[N(α)-(3-aminopropionyl) histidinato (2-) N1, N2, O: N(τ)]-zinc], molecular formula, C9H14N4O3Zn; molecular weight, 291.6404; CAS registry number, 107667-60-7). Characterized as a white or yellowish white crystalline powder, this drug is insoluble in glacial acetic acid and almost insoluble in water, methanol, ethanol and ether. It is soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, and its melting point is 260-270˚C. Polaprezinc is an anti-ulcer drug that was jointly studied and developed by Hamari Chemicals Co., Ltd. and Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and was first approved in Japan in 1994. This review article summarizes the research advances of polaprezinc, including the patents, preparations, synthetic routes, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects and application in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Li
- Jilin Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liaoyuan, Jilin 136200, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jilin People's Hospital, Jilin City, Jilin 132000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Jilin Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Liaoyuan, Jilin 136200, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
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Jung DH, Park JC, Lee YC, Lee SK, Shin SK, Chung H, Park JJ, Kim JH, Youn YH, Park H. Comparison of the Efficacy of Polaprezinc Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor and Rebamipide Plus Proton Pump Inhibitor Treatments for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection-induced Ulcers. J Clin Gastroenterol 2021; 55:233-238. [PMID: 32341237 PMCID: PMC7960146 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
GOALS We assessed the efficacy of polaprezinc plus proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced ulcer healing compared with rebamipide plus PPI treatment. BACKGROUND ESD has been widely used as a local treatment option that cures gastric neoplasms. However, it causes large and deep artificial ulcers, and there are no guidelines with regard to the optimal treatment durations and drug regimens for ESD-induced ulcers. Polaprezinc is effective for promoting ulcer healing and helps enhance the quality of ulcer healing. STUDY Two hundred ten patients with ESD-induced ulcers were randomly allocated to treatment with polaprezinc (150 mg/d) plus pantoprazole (40 mg/d) or treatment with rebamipide (300 mg/d) plus pantoprazole (40 mg/d). We evaluated the ulcer healing rate and condition of the ulcer at 4 weeks after dissection. The χ2 or Fisher exact test and the Student t test were used. RESULTS The ulcer healing rates at 4 weeks after dissection in the polaprezinc plus pantoprazole treatment group were not inferior compared with those in the rebamipide plus pantoprazole treatment group, both in the intention-to-treat analysis (90.3% and 91.4%, respectively, P=0.523) and per-protocol analysis (89.9% and 91.1%, respectively, P=0.531). The short procedure time was an independent predictive factor for a high ulcer healing rate (odds ratio: 0.975; 95% confidence interval: 0.958-0.993; P=0.006). CONCLUSION The polaprezinc plus PPI treatment showed noninferiority to rebamipide plus PPI treatment in the ulcer healing rate at 4 weeks after ESD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Sung Kwan Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Hyunsoo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Jie-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kataoka M, Nakanishi R, Umesaki M, Kobayashi M, Minami K, Higashino H, Yamaguchi S, Yamashita S. An enteric polymer mitigates the effects of gastric pH on oral absorption of poorly soluble weak acid drugs from supersaturable formulations: A case study with dantrolene. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 155:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Filaretova L, Podvigina T, Yarushkina N. Physiological and Pharmacological Effects of Glucocorticoids on the Gastrointestinal Tract. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2962-2970. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200521142746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The review considers the data on the physiological and pharmacological effects of glucocorticoids on
the gastric mucosa and focuses on the gastroprotective role of stress-produced glucocorticoids as well as on the
transformation of physiological gastroprotective effects of glucocorticoids to pathological proulcerogenic consequences.
The results of experimental studies on the re-evaluation of the traditional notion that stress-produced
glucocorticoids are ulcerogenic led us to the opposite conclusion suggested that these hormones play an important
role in the maintenance of the gastric mucosal integrity. Exogenous glucocorticoids may exert both gastroprotective
and proulcerogenic effects. Initially, gastroprotective effect of dexamethasone but not corticosterone, cortisol
or prednisolone can be transformed into proulcerogenic one. The most significant factor for the transformation is
the prolongation of its action rather the dose. Gastrointestinal injury can be accompanied by changes in somatic
pain sensitivity and glucocorticoids contribute to these changes playing a physiological and pathological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Filaretova
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Podvigina
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Yarushkina
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Hewlings S, Kalman D. A Review of Zinc-L-Carnosine and Its Positive Effects on Oral Mucositis, Taste Disorders, and Gastrointestinal Disorders. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030665. [PMID: 32121367 PMCID: PMC7146259 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-L-carnosine (ZnC), also called polaprezinc known as PepZin GI™, is a chelated compound that contains L-carnosine and zinc. It is a relatively new molecule and has been associated with multiple health benefits. There are several studies that support ZnC’s benefits in restoring the gastric lining, healing other parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, improving taste disorders, improving GI disorders, and enhancing skin and liver. Oral mucositis is a common complication of cytotoxic radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. It occurs in almost every person with head and neck cancer who receive radiotherapy. It is often overlooked because it is not considered life threatening. However, mucositis often leads to a decreased quality of life and cessation of treatment, ultimately decreasing positive outcomes. Therefore, solutions to address it should be considered. The primary mechanisms of action are thought to be localized and related to ZnC’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the research related to ZnC and to explore its benefits, especially in the management of conditions related to damaged epithelial cells, such as oral mucositis. Evidence supports the safety and efficacy of ZnC for the maintenance, prevention, and treatment of the mucosal lining and other epithelial tissues. The research supports its use for gastric ulcers (approved in Japan) and conditions of the upper GI and suggests other applications, particularly for oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hewlings
- Central Michigan University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Douglas Kalman
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale 33314, USA;
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Zinc l-carnosine in gastric ulcers: a profile of its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-019-00667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Halder S, Tabata A, Seto Y, Sato H, Onoue S. Amorphous solid dispersions of carvedilol along with pH-modifiers improved pharmacokinetic properties under hypochlorhydoria. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:232-242. [PMID: 29607517 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carvedilol (CAR) belongs to biopharmaceutics classification system class-II drugs, with poor aqueous solubility and pH-dependent solubility. The present study aimed to develop a novel amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of CAR with acidic counter ions for pH modifications in microenvironment to improve the pharmacokinetic properties under hypochlorhydric conditions. CAR-ASD was prepared by freeze-drying in combination with counter ions and hydroxypropyl cellulose, and their physicochemical properties including dissolution behavior, storage stability, and photostability were characterized. Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out after oral administration of CAR samples in both normal and omeprazole-treated (30 mg/kg, p.o.) rats as a hypochlorhydria model. Among the tested six counter ions, citric acid (CA) was found to be a preferable pH-modifier of CAR with respect to the dissolution profile and photostability (both potency and colorimetric evaluation). In CAR-ASD formulation with 50% loading of CA (CAR-ASD/CA50), amorphization of CAR was observed during the preparation process. After the oral administration of crystalline CAR in rats under hypochlorhydric condition, there was a 34.4% reduction in the systemic exposure of CAR compared with that in normal rats. However, orally-dosed CAR-ASD/CA50 resulted in limited alterations of pharmacokinetic behavior between normal and omeprazole-treated rats. From these findings, addition of CA as pH-modifier in CAR-ASD might provide consistent pharmacokinetic behavior of CAR even under hypochlorhydric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimul Halder
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Aiko Tabata
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Seto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Koh JS, Joo MK, Park JJ, Yoo HS, Choi BI, Lee BJ, Chun HJ, Lee SW. Inhibition of STAT3 in gastric cancer: role of pantoprazole as SHP-1 inducer. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:50. [PMID: 30202514 PMCID: PMC6127946 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the inhibitory effect of pantoprazole on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity and invasiveness of gastric adenocarcinoma cells, and the role of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) in mediating role. Methods We used AGS and MKN-28 cells because of reduced SHP-1 and preserved p-STAT3 expression. Western blot, wound closure assay, Matrigel invasion assay and 3-D culture invasion assay were performed. Pharmacologic inhibitor of SHP-1 and siRNA were used for validation of the role of SHP-1. Results We observed that pantoprazole at 40, 80, and 160 μg/ml upregulated SHP-1 and downregulated p-STAT3 expression in a dose-dependent manner in AGS and MKN-28 cells. Furthermore, pantoprazole significantly downregulated mesenchymal markers (Snail1 and vimentin), upregulated epithelial marker (E-cadherin), and inhibited migration and invasion of AGS and MKN-28 cells. To validate the role of SHP-1 in inhibition of STAT3 activity by pantoprazole in gastric cancer cells, we performed pharmacologic inhibition (pervanadate) or knockdown of SHP-1 before pantoprazole treatment, which significantly attenuated the suppression of p-STAT3 and anti-migration and invasion effect by pantoprazole in AGS cells. In xenograft tumor model, tumor volume was significantly reduced by intraperitoneal injection of pantoprazole, with upregulation of SHP-1 and downregulation of p-STAT3, which were attenuated by concomitant injection of pervanadate. Conclusion Our data suggest that the inhibitory effect of pantoprazole on cellular migration and invasion might be through inducing SHP-1 in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sung Koh
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyung Joo
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jae Park
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Soon Yoo
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Il Choi
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jae Lee
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Guro Hospital, 148, Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 152-703 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Jai Chun
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Anam Hospital, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-705 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- 3Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu,, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 425-707 Republic of Korea
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Mizoguchi M, Kataoka M, Yokoyama K, Aihara R, Wada K, Yamashita S. Application of an In Vitro Dissolution/Permeation System to Early Screening of Oral Formulations of Poorly Soluble, Weakly Basic Drugs Containing an Acidic pH-Modifier. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2404-2410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Doi H, Kuribayashi K, Kijima T. Utility of polaprezinc in reducing toxicities during radiotherapy: a literature review. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1977-1988. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoradiotherapy is important for treating malignancies. However, radiation-induced toxicities develop as chemoradiotherapy-related complications. Various agents reduce or prevent toxicities, but there are no standard treatments. Polaprezinc (PZ), a chelating compound used for gastric ulcers, has antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. Although few studies have evaluated PZ and radiation-induced normal tissue damage, several clinical studies have shown the efficacy of PZ for oral mucositis, esophagitis, proctitis and taste alterations during and after radiotherapy. Moreover, preclinical data support the clinical data, indicating good potential of testing PZ in future trials. However, as there are only few well-documented review articles on PZ use in cancer treatment, we conducted this literature review. PZ reduced several radiation-induced toxicities and improved the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Meiwa Cancer Clinic, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kozo Kuribayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kijima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Liu ZY, Xie WB, Ru Li M, Teng N, Liang X, Zhang ZQ. Effects of polaprezinc on gastric mucosal damage and neurotransmitters in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced vomiting. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2436-2444. [PMID: 29756515 PMCID: PMC6023045 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518771492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of polaprezinc (PZ) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)- or cisplatin (DDP)-induced gastric mucosal injury and on a rat model of neurotransmitter-mediated vomiting. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were divided at random into Control, CTX, DDP, PZ+CTX, and PZ+DDP groups. After 20 days, brain tissues and sera were analyzed for the levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of stomach, intestine, and brain tissues were examined using light microscopy. Results The levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in brain and serum samples of rats treated with CTX or DDP were significantly increased compared with those of rats in the Control group. There was a significant decrease in these values in the PZ group. Moreover, PZ reduced damage to brain tissue caused by CTX or DDP. Conclusions PZ decreased the levels of DA, 5-HT, and NF-κB in blood and brain tissues caused by CTX or DDP and reduced the chemotherapy-induced damage to the small intestine, stomach, and brain. These findings can be translated to the clinic to enhance the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang Liu
- 1 National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Bo Xie
- 2 Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Ming Ru Li
- 2 Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Nan Teng
- 2 Jilin Province Broadwell Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- 1 National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Qiang Zhang
- 1 National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Handa O, Takayama S, Mukai R, Suyama Y, Majima A, Fukui A, Omatsu T, Naito Y. A review of the mechanism and prophylaxis of acetyl salicylic acid-induced injury of the small intestine. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1266-1270. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1455003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Handa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shun Takayama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rieko Mukai
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Suyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Majima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Fukui
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Omatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahi University Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Yasumuro O, Uchida S, Kashiwagura Y, Suzuki A, Tanaka S, Inui N, Watanabe H, Namiki N. Changes in gefitinib, erlotinib and osimertinib pharmacokinetics under various gastric pH levels following oral administration of omeprazole and vonoprazan in rats. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:1106-1112. [PMID: 29057719 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1396379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Although drug interactions between epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and gastric acid-suppressing medications (AS) are considered clinically significant, there is limited data regarding the influence of various gastric pH conditions on the pharmacokinetics of EGFR-TKIs. We aimed to clarify the changes in the pharmacokinetics of the EGFR-TKIs, gefitinib, erlotinib and osimertinib, due to the changes in gastric pH after administration of omeprazole or vonoprazan. 2. Omeprazole (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) and vonoprazan (1-5 mg/kg, p.o.) led to a significant and dose-dependent increase in gastric pH. 3. AUC0-3 of gefitinib and erlotinib (5 mg/kg, p.o.) started to decrease at gastric pH 3.3 and 5.6, respectively, reached a plateau at pH > 6, and then significantly decreased up to 47 and 59% of control levels, respectively. AUC0-3 of osimertinib (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was not significantly changed by omeprazole and vonoprazan. 4. Although there are some issues regarding the extrapolation of the results of our rat study to humans, careful monitoring of patients treated with gefitinib and erlotinib is needed in cases in which the gastric pH increases from 3 to 5 and especially when the gastric pH is >5 in patients who are co-administered both the EGFR-TKIs and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yasumuro
- a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan.,b Department of Pharmacy, Kameda Medical Center Hospital , Kamogawa , Japan , and
| | - Shinya Uchida
- a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kashiwagura
- a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Ayae Suzuki
- a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Shimako Tanaka
- a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- c Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine , Hamamatsu , Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- a Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
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Improved oral absorption profile of itraconazole in hypochlorhydria by self-micellizing solid dispersion approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 97:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Hayashi H, Kobayashi R, Suzuki A, Yamada Y, Ishida M, Shakui T, Kitagawa J, Hayashi H, Sugiyama T, Takeuchi H, Tsurumi H, Itoh Y. Preparation and clinical evaluation of a novel lozenge containing polaprezinc, a zinc-L-carnosine, for prevention of oral mucositis in patients with hematological cancer who received high-dose chemotherapy. Med Oncol 2016; 33:91. [PMID: 27418192 PMCID: PMC4945687 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that oral ingestion of polaprezinc, a zinc-L-carnosine, suspended in sodium alginate solution prevents oral mucositis in patients receiving radiotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy. In the present study, we developed a novel preparation of polaprezinc and evaluated clinical effect of the lozenge preparation in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The preparation contained 18.75 mg polaprezinc in a tablet and showed an excellent uniformity and stability up to 24 weeks after storage under room temperature. The incidence rate of grade ≥ 2 oral mucositis was 74 % in patients without premedication, whereas the rate was remarkably reduced in patients receiving the suspension (23 %) or lozenge (13 %) of polaprezinc (P < 0.01). The use of non-opioid analgesic drugs such as anti-inflammatory agents and local anesthetics for oral pain was also greatly reduced by polaprezinc suspension or its lozenge (16 % for suspension and 13 % for lozenge compared with 89 % with no premedication, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that polaprezinc lozenge is simple to apply and highly effective for prevention of oral mucositis associated with high-dose chemotherapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akio Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Yuto Yamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishida
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Shakui
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice and Social Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsurumi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Itoh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Mizoguchi M, Nakatsuji M, Takano J, Ishibashi O, Wada K, Inui T. Development of pH-Independent Drug Release Formulation Using Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2735-2742. [PMID: 26886322 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3549(15)00176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a pH-independent drug release formulation using lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, a member of the lipocalin superfamily, with the function of forming complexes together with various small lipophilic molecules. Dipyridamole, a poorly water-soluble drug, showing a pH-dependent solubility profile, was used as the model drug. The solubilization of dipyridamole was achieved by a simple complex formulation method with lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. The complex formulation was produced successfully by spray drying, and the obtained powder formulation showed complete dissolution in fasted-state simulated gastric fluid (pH, 1.6) and phosphate-buffered solution (pH, 6.8). In addition, the potential stability of the complex formulation was assessed, and the dissolution profile of the produced powder at pH 6.8 was maintained after 4-week storage under several storage conditions. Furthermore, a pharmacokinetic study using hypochlorhydria model rats was performed to verify the improvement of the intestinal absorption behavior, and eventually the complex formulation overcame the problematic absorption profile of dipyridamole in the elevated gastric pH conditions. These results, taken together, demonstrate that the use of this well-designed drug-delivery carrier is feasible for the development of pH-independent drug release formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mizoguchi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control, Kobe Pharma Research Institute, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakatsuji
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Junichi Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control, Kobe Pharma Research Institute, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishibashi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Koichi Wada
- Department of Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control, Kobe Pharma Research Institute, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Inui
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Mei XT, Xu DH, Xu SK, Zheng YP, Xu SB. Zinc(II)-curcumin accelerates the healing of acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats by decreasing oxidative stress and downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:448-54. [PMID: 23933360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcers form as a result of a multifaceted process which includes acid secretion, reactive oxygen species generation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-ulcerogenic effects of the Zn(II)-curcumin complex, a curcumin derivative, on the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The severely ulcerated gastric mucosa of control animals had a lower glutathione level (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to sham operated rats (P<0.001). Zn(II)-curcumin solid dispersions (equivalent to 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced the gastric ulcer index, significantly increased SOD activity and GSH levels, and reduced the MDA content and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA expression in the gastric mucosa (P<0.05, compared to control animals). Zn(II)-curcumin exerted a greater anti-ulcerogenic effect than curcumin at the same dose (24 mg/kg), leading to a reduced severity of gastric ulcers, lower MDA content, and increased SOD activity and GSH levels (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results confirm that the Zn(II)-curcumin complex possesses an enhanced mucosal barrier defense activity compared to curcumin alone, due to its synergistic ability to decrease oxidative stress and attenuate MMP-9-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ting Mei
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Marine Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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21
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Mitra A, Kesisoglou F. Impaired Drug Absorption Due to High Stomach pH: A Review of Strategies for Mitigation of Such Effect To Enable Pharmaceutical Product Development. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3970-9. [PMID: 23844623 DOI: 10.1021/mp400256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Mitra
- Biopharmaceutics, Product Value Enhancement, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Filippos Kesisoglou
- Biopharmaceutics, Product Value Enhancement, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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22
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Choi HS, Lim JY, Chun HJ, Lee M, Kim ES, Keum B, Seo YS, Jeen YT, Um SH, Lee HS, Kim CD, Ryu HS, Sul D. The effect of polaprezinc on gastric mucosal protection in rats with ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage: comparison study with rebamipide. Life Sci 2013; 93:69-77. [PMID: 23743168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Polaprezinc (PZ), which consists of l-carnosine and zinc, is widely used to treat gastric ulcers. We compared the effects of PZ with those of rebamipide (RM) on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, growth factors, and heat shock proteins (HSP) in a rat model. MAIN METHODS Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to test groups according to the dose of PZ at 5, 10, or 30 mg/kg or RM at 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg. Next, we obtained ulcer indices from rats with ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of various target proteins. KEY FINDINGS Pathological ulcer indices in the PZ and RM groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) decreased, whereas the levels of platelet-derived growth factor-B, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nerve growth factor significantly increased after PZ administration. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD-1], SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidredoxin-1, and peroxidredoxin-5) was significantly higher in the PZ group, and the levels of HSP 90, 70, 60, 47, 27, and 10 significantly increased with an increase in PZ dose. SIGNIFICANCE In a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage, PZ administration ameliorated ethanol-induced mucosal injury and showed protective effects on the mucosa by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and growth factors. Furthermore, PZ showed cytoprotective effects by increasing the HSP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Soon Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Haga A, Okamoto T, Yamada S, Kubota T, Sanpei A, Takahashi S, Nakayama M, Nagai M, Otaka M, Miyazaki T, Nunomura W, Grave E, Itoh H. Zinc-L-carnosine binds to molecular chaperone HSP70 and inhibits the chaperone activity of the protein. J Biochem 2013; 154:249-56. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Taniguchi C, Inoue R, Kato M, Yamashita K, Kawabata Y, Wada K, Yamada S, Onoue S. New Dipyridamole Salt with Improved Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability under Hypochlorhydric Conditions. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:383-90. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lodemann U, Einspanier R, Scharfen F, Martens H, Bondzio A. Effects of zinc on epithelial barrier properties and viability in a human and a porcine intestinal cell culture model. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:834-43. [PMID: 23274768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element with a variety of physiological and biochemical functions. Piglets are commonly supplemented, during the weaning period, with doses of zinc above dietary requirements with positive effects on health and performance that might be attributed to anti-secretory and barrier-enhancing effects in the intestine. For a better understanding of these observations increasing zinc sulfate (ZnSO4; 0-200μM) concentrations were used in an in vitro culture model of porcine (IPEC-J2) and human (Caco-2) intestinal epithelial cells and effects on barrier function, viability, and the mRNA expression of one selected heat shock protein (Hsp) were assessed. When treated apically with zinc sulfate, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) did not change significantly. In contrast, cell viability measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, by ATP and by WST-1 conversion in postconfluent IPEC-J2 monolayers was affected after a 24-h treatment with 200μM ZnSO4. Caco-2 cells were more resistant to Zn. ZnSO4 did not induce any effect on viability, except when it was used at the highest concentration (200μM), and only in preconfluent cells. Furthermore, ZnSO4 induced Hsp70 mRNA expression at 200μM and was more pronounced in preconfluent cells. The observed dose-related effects of zinc are cell-line specific and depended on the differentiation status of the cells. The IPEC-J2 cell line appears to be a suitable in vitro model to characterize specific effects on porcine intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lodemann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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Novel formulations of dipyridamole with microenvironmental pH-modifiers for improved dissolution and bioavailability under hypochlorhydria. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Onoue S, Inoue R, Taniguchi C, Kawabata Y, Yamashita K, Wada K, Yamauchi Y, Yamada S. Improved dissolution and pharmacokinetic behavior of dipyridamole formulation with microenvironmental pH-modifier under hypochlorhydria. Int J Pharm 2012; 426:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Traditional Herbal Medicine, Rikkunshito, Induces HSP60 and Enhances Cytoprotection of Small Intestinal Mucosal Cells as a Nontoxic Chaperone Inducer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:278958. [PMID: 21822440 PMCID: PMC3140780 DOI: 10.1155/2012/278958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing incidence of small intestinal ulcers associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has become a topic with recent advances of endoscopic technology. However, the pathogenesis and therapy are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Rikkunshito (TJ-43), a traditional herbal medicine, on expression of HSP60 and cytoprotective ability in small intestinal cell line (IEC-6). Effect of TJ-43 on HSP60 expression in IEC-6 cells was evaluated by immunoblot analysis. The effect of TJ-43 on cytoprotective abilities of IEC-6 cells against hydrogen peroxide or indomethacin was studied by MTT assay, LDH-release assay, caspase-8 activity, and TUNEL. HSP60 was significantly induced by TJ-43. Cell necrosis and apoptosis were significantly suppressed in IEC-6 cells pretreated by TJ-43 with overexpression of HSP60. Our results suggested that HSP60 induced by TJ-43 might play an important role in protecting small intestinal epithelial cells from apoptosis and necrosis in vitro.
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Evidence for enhanced cytoprotective function of HSP90-overexpressing small intestinal epithelial cells. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:1954-61. [PMID: 21253835 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the clinical field, increasing incidence of small intestinal ulcers associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has become a topic with the advances of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy technology for the detection of small intestinal lesions. However, the pathogenesis of NSAID-induced mucosal damage, defensive mechanism of intestinal epithelial cells, and therapy for small intestinal mucosal lesion have not been fully understood. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are involved in cytoprotection mediated by their function as a molecular chaperone. Since the function of HSP90 in the intestinal epithelial cells has not been well investigated, we examined the cytoprotective ability of HSP90-overexpressing small intestinal epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced or indomethacin-induced cell damage. METHODS cDNA of human HSP90 gene was transfected to rat small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6 cells), and HSP90-overexpressing cells (IEC-6-90 cells) were selected and cloned. Anti-necrotic abilities and anti-apoptotic abilities of IEC-6-90 cells were compared with IEC-6-mock cells (transfected with vector alone). To examine the specific contribution of HSP90 on cytoprotection of IEC-6-90 cells, cytoprotective ability of IEC-6-90 cells was analyzed with or without pretreatment with functional inhibitor of HSP90, geldanamycine analog, followed by hydrogen peroxide-challenge or indomethacin-challenge. RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide-induced or indomethacin-induced cell necrosis and apoptosis were significantly suppressed in IEC-6-90 cells. The cytoprotective ability of IEC-6-90 cells was suppressed by HSP90 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HSP90 might play an important role in protecting small intestinal epithelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced or indomethacin-induced cell injury in vitro, and raised the possibility of protection of small intestinal epithelial cells by manipulation of HSP90 expression.
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Gastroprotective and antidepressant effects of a new zinc(II)–curcumin complex in rodent models of gastric ulcer and depression induced by stresses. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011; 99:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Qin Y, Naito Y, Handa O, Hayashi N, Kuki A, Mizushima K, Omatsu T, Tanimura Y, Morita M, Adachi S, Fukui A, Hirata I, Kishimoto E, Nishikawa T, Uchiyama K, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Yagi N, Kokura S, Yoshikawa T. Heat shock protein 70-dependent protective effect of polaprezinc on acetylsalicylic acid-induced apoptosis of rat intestinal epithelial cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 49:174-81. [PMID: 22128216 PMCID: PMC3208013 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of the small intestine from mucosal injury induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including acetylsalicylic acid is a critical issue in the field of gastroenterology. Polaprezinc an anti-ulcer drug, consisting of zinc and L-carnosine, provides gastric mucosal protection against various irritants. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of polaprezinc on acetylsalicylic acid-induced apoptosis of the RIE1 rat intestinal epithelial cell line. Confluent rat intestinal epithelial cells were incubated with 70 µM polaprezinc for 24 h, and then stimulated with or without 15 mM acetylsalicylic acid for a further 15 h. Subsequent cellular viability was quantified by fluorometric assay based on cell lysis and staining. Acetylsalicylic acid-induced cell death was also qualified by fluorescent microscopy of Hoechst33342 and propidium iodide. Heat shock proteins 70 protein expression after adding polaprezinc or acetylsalicylic acid was assessed by western blotting. To investigate the role of Heat shock protein 70, Heat shock protein 70-specific small interfering RNA was applied. Cell viability was quantified by fluorometric assay based on cell lysis and staining and apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We found that acetylsalicylic acid significantly induced apoptosis of rat intestinal epithelial cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Polaprezinc significantly suppressed acetylsalicylic acid-induced apoptosis of rat intestinal epithelial cells at its late phase. At the same time, polaprezinc increased Heat shock protein 70 expressions of rat intestinal epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. However, in Heat shock protein 70-silenced rat intestinal epithelial cells, polaprezinc could not suppress acetylsalicylic acid -induced apoptosis at its late phase. We conclude that polaprezinc-increased Heat shock protein 70 expression might be an important mechanism by which polaprezinc suppresses acetylsalicylic acid-induced small intestinal apoptosis, a hallmark of acetylsalicylic acid-induced enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qin
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Khalil AA, Kabapy NF, Deraz SF, Smith C. Heat shock proteins in oncology: diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:89-104. [PMID: 21605630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a family of proteins induced in cells exposed to different insults. This induction of HSPs allows cells to survive stress conditions. Mammalian HSPs have been classified into six families according to their molecular size: HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40 and small HSPs (15 to 30kDa) including HSP27. These proteins act as molecular chaperones either helping in the refolding of misfolded proteins or assisting in their elimination if they become irreversibly damaged. In recent years, proteomic studies have characterized several different HSPs in various tumor types which may be putative clinical biomarkers or molecular targets for cancer therapy. This has led to the development of a series of molecules capable of inhibiting HSPs. Numerous studies speculated that over-expression of HSP is in part responsible for resistance to many anti-tumor agents and chemotherapeutics. Hence, from a pharmacological point of view, the co-administration of HSP inhibitors together with other anti-tumor agents is of major importance in overcoming therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the current status of HSPs in autoimmune, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases with special emphasis on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Khalil
- Department of Protein Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Mubarak City for Scientific Research, New Borg Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Ma XY, Jiang ZY, Lin YC, Zheng CT, Zhou GL. Dietary supplementation with carnosine improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality of finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 94:e286-95. [PMID: 20626506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs. 72 pigs approximately 60 kg were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg carnosine per kg diet for 8 weeks. Carnosine supplementation did not affect growth performance and carcass traits of pigs. However, the addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet increased pH value of muscle at 45 min, 24 h and 48 h postmortem. It also decreased drip loss at 48 h postmortem and increased redness value of muscle at 45 min postmortem (p < 0.05). The addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet enhanced glycogen concentration and Ca-ATPase activity at 24 and 48 h postmortem, and reduced malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein complexes concentrations in muscle at 24 h postmortem (p < 0.05). The addition of 100 mg carnosine per kg diet increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in plasma, liver or muscle, as well as SOD and GSH-Px genes expression in muscle (p < 0.05). Taken together, these findings indicate that carnosine supplementation improves antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Scieglinska D, Piglowski W, Chekan M, Mazurek A, Krawczyk Z. Differential expression of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in human tissues; tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical study. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 135:337-50. [PMID: 21373891 PMCID: PMC3063884 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we determined the expression pattern of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in various normal human tissues by tissue-microarray based immunohistochemical analysis. Both proteins belong to the HSPA (HSP70) family of heat shock proteins. The HSPA2 is encoded by the gene originally defined as testis-specific, while HSPA1 is encoded by the stress-inducible genes (HSPA1A and HSPA1B). Our study revealed that both proteins are expressed only in some tissues from the 24 ones examined. HSPA2 was detected in adrenal gland, bronchus, cerebellum, cerebrum, colon, esophagus, kidney, skin, small intestine, stomach and testis, but not in adipose tissue, bladder, breast, cardiac muscle, diaphragm, liver, lung, lymph node, pancreas, prostate, skeletal muscle, spleen, thyroid. Expression of HSPA1 was detected in adrenal gland, bladder, breast, bronchus, cardiac muscle, esophagus, kidney, prostate, skin, but not in other tissues examined. Moreover, HSPA2 and HSPA1 proteins were found to be expressed in a cell-type-specific manner. The most pronounced cell-type expression pattern was found for HSPA2 protein. In the case of stratified squamous epithelia of the skin and esophagus, as well as in ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining respiratory tract, the HSPA2 positive cells were located in the basal layer. In the colon, small intestine and bronchus epithelia HSPA2 was detected in goblet cells. In adrenal gland cortex HSPA2 expression was limited to cells of zona reticularis. The presented results clearly show that certain human tissues constitutively express varying levels of HSPA1 and HSPA2 proteins in a highly differentiated way. Thus, our study can help designing experimental models suitable for cell- and tissue-type-specific functional differences between HSPA2 and HSPA1 proteins in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Scieglinska
- Center For Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, Gliwice, Poland.
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Baan M, Sherding RG, Johnson SE. Effects of zinc-L-carnosine and vitamin E on aspirin-induced gastroduodenal injury in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 25:39-46. [PMID: 21092006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs frequently cause gastrointestinal (GI) injury. Zinc-L-carnosine has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, mucosal protective, and healing properties in rodent models and in some human studies of GI injury. HYPOTHESIS The combination of zinc-L-carnosine and vitamin E attenuates aspirin-induced gastroduodenal mucosal injury. ANIMALS Eighteen healthy random-source Foxhound dogs. METHODS In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study dogs were treated with placebo (n = 6; 0X group), 30 mg/30 IU (n = 6; 1X group), or 60 mg/60 IU (n = 6; 2X group) zinc-L-carnosine/vitamin E orally every 12 hours for 35 days. Between Day 7 and 35, GI mucosal lesions were induced with aspirin (25 mg/kg p.o. q8h). Mucosal injury lesions (hemorrhage, erosion, and ulcer) were assessed by gastroduodenoscopy on Days 14, 21, and 35 with a 12-point scoring scale. RESULTS At baseline (Day -1) gastroscopy scores were not significantly different between groups (mean ± SD: 0X, 4.4 ± 0.8; group 1X, 4.4 ± 0.6; group 2X, 4.2 ± 0.3; P= .55). Gastroscopy scores increased significantly in all groups between Day -1 and Days 14, 21, and 35 (P < .0001). On Day 35, gastroscopy scores were 29.2 ± 5.2 (0X), 27.3 ± 3.7 (1X), and 28.6 ± 3.3 (2X). Mean gastroscopy scores were not significantly different among treatment groups on any of the days (P = .61). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Administration of the combination of zinc-L-carnosine and vitamin E at 1X or 2X dosing did not attenuate aspirin-induced gastroduodenal mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Takahashi T, Otaka M, Odashima M, Tamaki K, Takada M, Izumi Y, Shibuya T, Sakamoto N, Itoh H, Watanabe S. Correlation of heat shock protein expression to gender difference in development of stress-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 47:64-73. [PMID: 20664733 PMCID: PMC2901766 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that heat shock proteins (HSPs), which function as molecular chaperones, play important roles in cellular responses to stress-related events. However, the gender difference in the expression of HSP in the gastric mucosa remains unclear. In order to understand the mechanism of gender difference in the prevalence or severity of gastric mucosal lesions, the expression level of HSP and the correlation of estrogen to HSP induction in the gastric mucosa were evaluated in this study. The basal expression levels of HSP60 and HSP90 in the gastric mucosa were significantly higher in females than those in males. The gastric ulcer index was significantly higher in male rats compared to female rats observed after 12 h water immersion stress exposure. At this time point, the expression levels of HSP60 and HSP90 in the gastric mucosa were significantly higher in females than those in males. An estrogen-treatment significantly induced the expression of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in the gastric mucosa. Inversely, an ovariectomy dramatically reduced the expression of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 in the gastric mucosa. Our results suggested that estrogen might play an important role in gastric mucosal protection with the induction of gastric mucosal HSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Zhong X, Wang T, Zhang X, Li W. Heat shock protein 70 is upregulated in the intestine of intrauterine growth retardation piglets. Cell Stress Chaperones 2010; 15:335-42. [PMID: 19830596 PMCID: PMC2866992 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the expression and distribution of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the intestine of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) piglets. Samples from the duodenum, prejejunum, distal jejunum, ileum, and colon of IUGR and normal-body-weight (NBW) piglets were collected at birth. The results indicated that the body and intestine weight of IUGR piglets were significantly lower than NBW piglets. The villus height and villus/crypt ratio in jejunum and ileum of IUGR piglets were significantly reduced compared to NBW piglets. These results indicated that IUGR causes abnormal gastrointestinal morphologies and gastrointestinal dysfunction. The mRNA of hsp70 was increased in prejejunum (P < 0.05), distal jejunum (P < 0.05), and colon in IUGR piglets. However, the hsp70 mRNA in ileum of piglets with IUGR was decreased. Similar to hsp70 mRNA, the protein levels of Hsp70 in prejejunum (P < 0.05), distal jejunum, and colon (P < 0.05) in IUGR piglets were higher than those in NBW piglets. These results indicated that the expression of Hsp70 in the intestinal piglets was upregulated by IUGR, and different intestinal sites had different responses to stress. Meanwhile, the localization of Hsp70 in the epithelial cells of the whole villi and intestinal gland rather than in the lamina propria and myenteron suggested that Hsp70 has a cytoprotective role in epithelial cell function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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Hipkiss AR. Aging, Proteotoxicity, Mitochondria, Glycation, NAD and Carnosine: Possible Inter-Relationships and Resolution of the Oxygen Paradox. Front Aging Neurosci 2010; 2:10. [PMID: 20552048 PMCID: PMC2874395 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2010.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that NAD(+) availability strongly affects cellular aging and organism lifespan: low NAD(+) availability increases intracellular levels of glycolytic triose phosphates (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate) which, if not further metabolized, decompose spontaneously into methylglyoxal (MG), a glycating agent and source of protein and mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS). MG-damaged proteins and other aberrant polypeptides can induce ROS generation, promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibit proteasomal activity. Upregulation of mitogenesis and mitochondrial activity by increased aerobic exercise, or dietary manipulation, helps to maintain NAD(+)availability and thereby decreases MG-induced proteotoxicity. These proposals can explain the apparent paradox whereby aging is seemingly caused by increased ROS-mediated macromolecular damage but is ameliorated by increased aerobic activity. It is also suggested that increasing mitochondrial activity decreases ROS generation, while excess numbers of inactive mitochondria are deleterious due to increased ROS generation. The muscle- and brain-associated dipeptide, carnosine, is an intracellular buffer which can delay senescence in cultured human fibroblasts and delay aging in senescence-accelerated mice. Carnosine's ability to react with MG and possibly other deleterious carbonyl compounds, and scavenge various ROS, may account for its protective ability towards ischemia and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
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39
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Takada M, Otaka M, Takahashi T, Izumi Y, Tamaki K, Shibuya T, Sakamoto N, Osada T, Yamamoto S, Ishida R, Odashima M, Itoh H, Watanabe S. Overexpression of a 60-kDa heat shock protein enhances cytoprotective function of small intestinal epithelial cells. Life Sci 2010; 86:499-504. [PMID: 20159025 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS With the advancement of small intestinal (double balloon and capsule) endoscopy technology, incidence of small intestinal lesion caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been known to be high. However, therapy for small intestinal mucosal lesion has not yet been developed. Previous studies have shown that heat shock proteins (HSPs) are involved in cytoprotection mediated by their function as a molecular chaperone. In this study, we examined the effect of HSP60 or HSP70 overexpression on hydrogen peroxide-induced (H2O2) or indomethacin-induced cell damage in the small intestinal epithelial cells. MAIN METHODS cDNA of human HSP60 or HSP70 was transfected to rat small intestinal (IEC-6) cells, and HSP60- or HSP70-overexpressing cells were cloned. IEC-6 cells transfected with vector only were used as control cells. These cells were treated with H2O2 (0-0.14mM) or indomethacin (0-2.5mM). The cell viability was determined by MTT-assay. Cell necrosis was evaluated by LDH-release assay. Further, apoptosis was evaluated by caspases-3/7 activity and TUNEL assay. KEY FINDINGS Cell viability after H2O2 or indomethacin treatment was significantly higher in HSP60-overexpressing cells compared with that in control cells and HSP60-overexpressing cells. Apoptotic cells were also reduced in HSP60-overexpressing. CONCLUSION These results indicate that HSP60 plays an important role in protecting small intestinal mucosal cells from H2O2-induced or indomethacin-induced cell injury. HSP70-overexpressing cells did not show anti-apoptotic ability. SIGNIFICANCE These findings possibly suggest that function of each HSP is different in the small intestine. Therefore, for the therapy of small intestinal mucosal lesion, HSP60-induction therapy could be a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan.
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40
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Otaka M, Odashima M, Tamaki K, Watanabe S. Expression and function of stress (heat shock) proteins in gastrointestinal tract. Int J Hyperthermia 2009; 25:634-40. [DOI: 10.3109/02656730903315815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Ueda K, Ueyama T, Oka M, Ito T, Tsuruo Y, Ichinose M. Polaprezinc (Zinc L-carnosine) is a potent inducer of anti-oxidative stress enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 - a new mechanism of gastric mucosal protection. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 110:285-94. [PMID: 19542683 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09056fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is implicated in cytoprotection in various organs. We tested a possibility that polaprezinc (PZ), an anti-ulcer drug, could induce HO-1 in the gastric mucosa. Male 6-week-old Wistar rats were intragastrically administered PZ. Gastric expression of HO-1 was assessed by real time RT-PCR and western blotting, and localization of HO-1 was observed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. The levels of HO-1 mRNA were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of HO-1 mRNA were increased 4-fold by PZ at the dose of 200 mg/kg at 3 h as compared with control levels. The levels of immunoreactive HO-1 were increased 3-fold at 6 h. Signals for HO-1 mRNA and immunoreactivity were detected strongly in the surface gastric mucosal cells and moderately in the gastric macrophages. Treatment with an HO-1 inhibitor, stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP) significantly worsened the HCl-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions and increased the apoptosis of mucosal cells. Mucosal lesions were decreased by pretreatment with PZ, while they were increased by co-administration with SnMP. These data indicate for the first time that PZ is an effective inducer of HO-1 in the stomach. PZ-induced HO-1 functions as a part of the mucosal protective effects of PZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ueda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
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42
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Specific induction of a 72-kDa heat shock protein protects esophageal mucosa from reflux esophagitis. Life Sci 2009; 84:517-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Hipkiss AR. Carnosine and its possible roles in nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2009; 57:87-154. [PMID: 19595386 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(09)57003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dipeptide carnosine has been observed to exert antiaging activity at cellular and whole animal levels. This review discusses the possible mechanisms by which carnosine may exert antiaging action and considers whether the dipeptide could be beneficial to humans. Carnosine's possible biological activities include scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), chelator of zinc and copper ions, and antiglycating and anticross-linking activities. Carnosine's ability to react with deleterious aldehydes such as malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal, hydroxynonenal, and acetaldehyde may also contribute to its protective functions. Physiologically carnosine may help to suppress some secondary complications of diabetes, and the deleterious consequences of ischemic-reperfusion injury, most likely due to antioxidation and carbonyl-scavenging functions. Other, and much more speculative, possible functions of carnosine considered include transglutaminase inhibition, stimulation of proteolysis mediated via effects on proteasome activity or induction of protease and stress-protein gene expression, upregulation of corticosteroid synthesis, stimulation of protein repair, and effects on ADP-ribose metabolism associated with sirtuin and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) activities. Evidence for carnosine's possible protective action against secondary diabetic complications, neurodegeneration, cancer, and other age-related pathologies is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- School of Clinicial and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The Univeristy of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Kai S, Ohta M, Tominaga M, Matsumoto T, Bandoh T, Kitano S. Reduction of ethanol-induced injury in portal hypertensive gastric mucosa of rats by induction of heat shock protein 72 by geranylgeranylacetone. Wound Repair Regen 2008; 15:875-80. [PMID: 18028136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2007.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Portal hypertensive (PHT) gastropathy has an increased susceptibility to damage due to noxious factors. Heat shock protein (HSP) 72 has a protective effect against gastric mucosal injury and geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) is an inducer of HSP 72. However, it remains unclear how HSP 72 influences the PHT gastric mucosa. The aim of the present study was to investigate HSP 72 induction by GGA and the protective effect to gastric mucosa in PHT rats. PHT rats were produced by staged portal vein occlusion, and GGA 200 mg/kg was orally administered. Expression of HSP 72 protein in the gastric mucosa was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and gastric mucosal damage against 70% ethanol (10 mL/kg) following GGA or vehicle treatment was also estimated. Expression of mucosal HSP 72 after vehicle administration was significantly higher in the PHT rats compared with the sham-operated rats. After GGA treatment, portal pressure did not change but HSP 72 was significantly increased in the gastric mucosa of both groups. Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage was significantly decreased due to GGA treatment in the PHT rats, but not in the sham-operated rats. These findings suggest that HSP 72 expression is enhanced in PHT gastric mucosa and plays an important role in gastric mucosal protection. The induction of HSP 72 by GGA may therefore effectively prevent mucosal injury in the PHT stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Kai
- Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan.
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