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Long Z, Wu J, Xiang W, Zeng Z, Yu G, Li J. Exploring the Mechanism of Icariin in Osteoporosis Based on a Network Pharmacology Strategy. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924699. [PMID: 33230092 PMCID: PMC7697664 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the aging of the world's population, the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) has become a public health problem of worldwide concern. Research shows that icariin may have a therapeutic effect on OP. MATERIAL AND METHODS PharmMapper was utilized to predict the potential targets of icariin. GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) were used for the collection of OP genes. The STRING database was utilized to obtain the protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. We used Cytoscape 3.7.2 to construct and analyze the networks. The genes and targets in the networks were input into the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to undergo Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, animal experiments were performed to verify the prediction results of this study. RESULTS A total of 297 icariin potential targets and 262 OP genes were obtained, and an icariin-OP PPI network was constructed and analyzed. The results of the GO enrichment analysis showed that icariin can regulate the steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathway, skeletal system development, extracellular space, cytosol, and steroid hormone receptor activity. The results of the pathway enrichment analysis showed that icariin can regulate osteoclast differentiation, FoxO, estrogen, and PPAR signaling pathways. The results of the experiments showed that icariin can increase estradiol, ß-catenin, and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-к B Ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio in postmenopausal OP rats (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This research found that the icariin can regulate OP-related biological processes, cell components, molecular functions, and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Long
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wang Xiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhican Zeng
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ganpeng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Ningxiang, Hunan, P.R. China
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Nishimura K, Shindo S, Movila A, Kayal R, Abdullah A, Savitri IJ, Ikeda A, Yamaguchi T, Howait M, Al-Dharrab A, Mira A, Han X, Kawai T. TRAP-positive osteoclast precursors mediate ROS/NO-dependent bactericidal activity via TLR4. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:330-341. [PMID: 27343691 PMCID: PMC5654318 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclastogenesis was induced by RANKL stimulation in mouse monocytes to examine the possible bactericidal function of osteoclast precursors (OCp) and mature osteoclasts (OCm) relative to their production of NO and ROS. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive OCp, but few or no OCm, phagocytized and killed Escherichia coli in association with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Phagocytosis of E. coli and production of ROS and NO were significantly lower in TRAP+ OCp derived from Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 KO mice than that derived from wild-type (WT) or TLR2-KO mice. Interestingly, after phagocytosis, TRAP+ OCp derived from wild-type and TLR2-KO mice did not differentiate into OCm, even with continuous exposure to RANKL. In contrast, E. coli-phagocytized TRAP+ OCp from TLR4-KO mice could differentiate into OCm. Importantly, neither NO nor ROS produced by TRAP+ OCp appeared to be engaged in phagocytosis-induced suppression of osteoclastogenesis. These results suggested that TLR4 signaling not only induces ROS and NO production to kill phagocytized bacteria, but also interrupts OCm differentiation. Thus, it can be concluded that TRAP+ OCp, but not OCm, can mediate bactericidal activity via phagocytosis accompanied by the production of ROS and NO via TLR4-associated reprograming toward phagocytic cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Nishimura
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Tohoku University Hospital, Maxillo-oral Disorders, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Satoru Shindo
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Alexandru Movila
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Rayyan Kayal
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Albassam Abdullah
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Atsushi Ikeda
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Tsuguno Yamaguchi
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Research and Development Headquarters, LION Corporation, 100 Tajima Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Mohammed Howait
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman Al-Dharrab
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulghani Mira
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Boston, MA, USA.
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