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Casillo A, D'Amico R, Lanzetta R, Corsaro MM. Marine Delivery Vehicles: Molecular Components and Applications of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:363. [PMID: 39195479 DOI: 10.3390/md22080363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In marine ecosystems, communication among microorganisms is crucial since the distance is significant if considered on a microbial scale. One of the ways to reduce this gap is through the production of extracellular vesicles, which can transport molecules to guarantee nutrients to the cells. Marine bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs), small membrane-bound structures of 40 nm to 1 µm diameter, into their surrounding environment. The vesicles contain various cellular compounds, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycans. EVs may contribute to dissolved organic carbon, thus facilitating heterotroph growth. This review will focus on marine bacterial EVs, analyzing their structure, composition, functions, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele D'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Lanzetta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Naples, Italy
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2
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Byun KA, Park Y, Oh S, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Co-Treatment with Phlorotannin and Extracellular Vesicles from Ecklonia cava Inhibits UV-Induced Melanogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:408. [PMID: 38671856 PMCID: PMC11047619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation due to ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanogenesis causes various esthetic problems. Phlorotannin (PT) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various plants suppress melanogenesis pathways. We used UV-exposed keratinocytes and animal skin to determine if co-treatment with PT and EVs from Ecklonia cava (EVE) could inhibit melanogenesis by reducing UV-induced oxidative stress and the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing the 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway, which are upstream signals of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. UV exposure increased oxidative stress in keratinocytes and animal skin, as evaluated by 8-OHdG expression, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE. UV also increased binding between NLRP3 and TXNIP, which increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-18 secretion, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE in keratinocytes and animal skin. In melanocytes, conditioned media (CM) from UV-exposed keratinocytes increased the expression of melanogenesis-related pathways; however, these effects were reduced with CM from UV-exposed keratinocytes treated with PT and EVE. Similarly, PT and EVE treatment reduced melanogenesis-related signals, melanin content, and increased basement membrane (BM) components in UV-exposed animal skin. Thus, co-treatment with PT and EVE reduced melanogenesis and restored the BM structure by reducing oxidative stress and TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Xiu L, Wu Y, Lin G, Zhang Y, Huang L. Bacterial membrane vesicles: orchestrators of interkingdom interactions in microbial communities for environmental adaptation and pathogenic dynamics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371317. [PMID: 38576623 PMCID: PMC10991846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) have attracted increasing attention due to their significant roles in bacterial physiology and pathogenic processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance and current research status of MVs in regulating bacterial physiology and pathogenic processes, as well as their crucial roles in environmental adaptation and pathogenic infections. We describe the formation mechanism, composition, structure, and functions of MVs, and discuss the various roles of MVs in bacterial environmental adaptation and pathogenic infections. Additionally, we analyze the limitations and challenges of MV-related research and prospect the potential applications of MVs in environmental adaptation, pathogenic mechanisms, and novel therapeutic strategies. This review emphasizes the significance of understanding and studying MVs for the development of new insights into bacterial environmental adaptation and pathogenic processes. Overall, this review contributes to our understanding of the intricate interplay between bacteria and their environment and provides valuable insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting bacterial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gongshi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Marine & Fisheries Research Institute, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Liu W, Xing X, Dong Q, Liu X, Li W. Isolation and identification of the alga-symbiotic bacterium Gordonia and characterisation of its exopolysaccharide. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:523-529. [PMID: 36102747 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2123477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacterium TD18, isolated from the culture broth of green alga Scenedesmus obliquus, was identified as Gordonia terrae based on the 100% identity of 16S rRNA sequences and designated Gordonia terrae TD18. The results of compositional and structural analyses and physiochemical tests show that (1) the exopolysaccharide produced by G. terrae TD18 (TD18-EPS) is an acidic hetero-polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 23 kDa, consisting of glucose, mannose, galactose and glucuronic acid, and (2) TD18-EPS is of high thermal stability with a degradation temperature of 308 °C, the solution of which is non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid exhibiting good emulsifying properties over a wide range of temperatures, pH and NaCl concentrations. Hence, Gordonia terrae TD18 is the first alga-symbiotic Gordonia strain identified thus far, while TD18-EPS is unique in terms of composition and structure, different from the known Gordonia EPS, with excellent physiochemical properties and thus has potential applications in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangying Xing
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinglin Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenna Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Padayao MHR, Padayao FRP, Patalinghug JM, Raña GS, Yee J, Geraldino PJ, Quilantang N. Antimicrobial and quorum sensing inhibitory activity of epiphytic bacteria isolated from the red alga Halymenia durvillei. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000563.v4. [PMID: 38188234 PMCID: PMC10765052 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000563.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Halymenia durvillei is a red alga that is commonly utilized in the Philippines as food and as a source of high-value natural products for industrial applications. However, there are no studies regarding the microbial community associated with H. durvillei and its potential applications. This study aimed to isolate and identify the epiphytic bacteria of H. durvillei and determine their antimicrobial and quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) effects. The thalli of H. durvillei were collected at the shores of Santa Fe, Bantayan, Cebu, Philippines. Bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA, and their ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests against representative species of yeast and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Their QSI activity against Chromobacterium violaceum was also determined. Fourteen distinct bacterial colonies belonging to four genera, namely Alteromonas (3), Bacillus (5), Oceanobacillus (1) and Vibrio (5), were successfully isolated and identified. All 14 bacterial isolates exhibited antibacterial effects. EPB9, identified as Bacillus safensis , consistently showed the strongest inhibition against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis , with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.0625 to 1.0 mg ml-1. In contrast, all 14 isolates showed weak antifungal effects. Both B. safensis (EPB9) and Bacillus australimaris (EPB15) exhibited QSI effects at 100 mg ml-1, showing opaque zones of 3.1±0.9 and 3.8±0.4 mm, respectively. This study is the first to isolate and identify the distinct microbial epiphytic bacterial community of H. durvillei and its potential as an abundant resource for new antibacterial and QSI bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hannah Rose Padayao
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
- Tuklas Lunas Development Center, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Francis Reuben Paul Padayao
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Jenny Marie Patalinghug
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Gem Stephen Raña
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Jonie Yee
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
- Tuklas Lunas Development Center, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Paul John Geraldino
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
- Tuklas Lunas Development Center, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Norman Quilantang
- Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
- Tuklas Lunas Development Center, University of San Carlos, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
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Thakur M, Dean SN, Caruana JC, Walper SA, Ellis GA. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for In Vitro Catalysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1099. [PMID: 37760201 PMCID: PMC10525882 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biological systems in manufacturing and medical applications has seen a dramatic rise in recent years as scientists and engineers have gained a greater understanding of both the strengths and limitations of biological systems. Biomanufacturing, or the use of biology for the production of biomolecules, chemical precursors, and others, is one particular area on the rise as enzymatic systems have been shown to be highly advantageous in limiting the need for harsh chemical processes and the formation of toxic products. Unfortunately, biological production of some products can be limited due to their toxic nature or reduced reaction efficiency due to competing metabolic pathways. In nature, microbes often secrete enzymes directly into the environment or encapsulate them within membrane vesicles to allow catalysis to occur outside the cell for the purpose of environmental conditioning, nutrient acquisition, or community interactions. Of particular interest to biotechnology applications, researchers have shown that membrane vesicle encapsulation often confers improved stability, solvent tolerance, and other benefits that are highly conducive to industrial manufacturing practices. While still an emerging field, this review will provide an introduction to biocatalysis and bacterial membrane vesicles, highlight the use of vesicles in catalytic processes in nature, describe successes of engineering vesicle/enzyme systems for biocatalysis, and end with a perspective on future directions, using selected examples to illustrate these systems' potential as an enabling tool for biotechnology and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Thakur
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott N. Dean
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Julie C. Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Jang B, Chung H, Jung H, Song HK, Park E, Choi HS, Jung K, Choe H, Yang S, Oh ES. Extracellular Vesicles from Korean Codium fragile and Sargassum fusiforme Negatively Regulate Melanin Synthesis. Mol Cells 2021; 44:736-745. [PMID: 34650007 PMCID: PMC8560586 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although various marine ingredients have been exploited for the development of cosmetic products, no previous study has examined the potential of seaweed extracellular vesicles (EV) in such applications. Our results revealed that EV from Codium fragile and Sargassum fusiforme effectively decreased α-MSH-mediated melanin synthesis in MNT-1 human melanoma cells, associated with downregulation of MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), tyrosinase and TRP1 (tyrosinase-related proteins 1). The most effective inhibitory concentrations of EV were 250 μg/ml for S. fusiforme and 25 μg/ml for C. fragile, without affecting the viability of MNT-1 cells. Both EV reduced melanin synthesis in the epidermal basal layer of a three-dimensional model of human epidermis. Moreover, the application of the prototype cream containing C. fragile EV (final 5 μg/ml) yielded 1.31% improvement in skin brightness in a clinical trial. Together, these results suggest that EV from C. fragile and S. fusiforme reduce melanin synthesis and may be potential therapeutic and/or supplementary whitening agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Heesung Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kuk Song
- Department of Life Sciences, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eunhye Park
- Department of Life Sciences, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Hack Sun Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | | | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | | | - Eok-Soo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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