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Zhou M, Zhu Z, Sun HZ, Zhao K, Dugan MER, Bruce H, Fitzsimmons C, Li C, Guan LL. Breed dependent regulatory mechanisms of beneficial and non-beneficial fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cattle with divergent feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4612. [PMID: 35301378 PMCID: PMC8931072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine whether breed and feed efficiency affect the molecular mechanisms regulating beneficial and non-beneficial fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef steers. Fatty acid profiling and RNA-Seq based transcriptome analysis were performed on subcutaneous adipose tissues collected from beef steers with three divergent breeds (Angus, ANG, n = 47; Charolais, CHAR, n = 48; Kinsella Composite, KC, n = 48) and different residual feed intake (RFI, a measure of feed efficiency). The comparison of fatty acid profiles showed that KC had higher beneficial FAs compared to the other two breeds. Distinct FA profiles between H-RFIfat and L-RFIfat steers was more obvious for KC steers, where H-RFIfat steers tended to have higher proportion of healthy FAs and lower proportion of the unhealthy FAs. A higher number of differentially expressed (DE) genes were observed for KC steers, whereas ANG and CHAR steers had a lower number of DE genes between H- and L-RFIfat steers. The association analyses of the gene expressions and FA profiles showed that 10 FA metabolism-associated genes together with the one upstream regulator (SREBF1) were associated with the proportion of C18:2n-6, total n-6, PUFA and PUFA/SFA for KC steers but not the other two breeds. Subcutaneous adipose tissue FA profiles and healthy FA index differed in cattle with divergent feed efficiency and such variation was unique for the three examined cattle breeds. Key FA metabolism-associated genes together with SREBF1 which is the upstream regulator of a set of genes involved in lipid metabolism may be of importance for genetic selection of meat with higher healthy FA index in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zhi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Mike E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Heather Bruce
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Changxi Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Alves SP, Vahmani P, Mapiye C, McAllister TA, Bessa RJB, Dugan MER. Trans-10 18:1 in ruminant meats: A review. Lipids 2021; 56:539-562. [PMID: 34608647 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trans (t) fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (i.e., industrial trans) have been phased out of foods in many countries due to their promotion of cardiovascular disease. This leaves ruminant-derived foods as the main source of TFA. Unlike industrial TFA where catalytic hydrogenation yields a broad distribution of isomers, ruminant TFA are enzymatically derived and can result in enrichment of specific isomers. Comparisons between industrial and ruminant TFA have often exonerated ruminant TFA due to their lack or at times positive effects on health. At extremes, however, ruminant-sourced foods can have either high levels of t10- or t11-18:1, and when considering enriched sources, t10-18:1 has properties similar to industrial TFA, whereas t11-18:1 can be converted to an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid), both of which have potential positive health effects. Increased t10-18:1 in meat-producing ruminants has not been associated with negative effects on live animal production or meat quality. As such, reducing t10-18:1 has not been of immediate concern to ruminant meat producers, as there have been no economic consequences for its enrichment; nevertheless at high levels, it can compromise the nutritional quality of beef and lamb. In anticipation that regulations regarding TFA may focus more on t10-18:1 in beef and lamb, the present review will cover its production, analysis, biological effects, strategies for manipulation, and regulatory policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Alves
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agricuture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
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Vahmani P, Johnson J, Sutherland B, Penner G, Prieto N, Aalhus J, Juárez M, López-Campos Ó, Dugan M. Changes in the fatty acid composition of steer subcutaneous fat, including biohydrogenation products, are minimal when finished on combinations of corn and barley grains and silages. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Corn production in Western Canada has increased with development of short-season varieties partially offsetting the use of barley as a silage and grain source. The current study evaluated effects of silage and cereal-grain source on subcutaneous fat (SCF) composition of finishing cattle. Steers (465 ± 28.0 kg) were assigned to 24 pens (12 steers per pen) in a 2 × 3 factorial design for an 89 d finishing study. Diets contained corn silage or barley silage at 8% [dry matter (DM)] combined either dry-rolled barley grain (BG; 86% of DM), corn grain (CG; 85% of DM), or an equal blend of BG and CG (85% of DM). Bone-in ribeyes were collected from four steers per pen, and subcutaneous fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Feeding dry-rolled CG increased dietary fat and 18:2n-6 concentrations, resulting in small increases in 18:2n-6, total n-6 fatty acids, and n-6/n-3 ratios in SCF (P < 0.05). There were no changes in proportions of major trans-18:1 isomers (t10-18:1 or t11-18:1), the main natural isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis9,t11–18:2), or n-3 fatty acids. Substitution of dry-rolled CG for BG in finisher diets can, therefore, be done without substantially altering the fatty acid composition of beef fat, including polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616-5270, Canada
| | - J.A. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - B.D. Sutherland
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - G.B. Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - N. Prieto
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - J.L. Aalhus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M. Juárez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Ó. López-Campos
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M.E.R. Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
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Vahmani P, Rolland D, Block H, Dugan M. Red blood cells are superior to plasma for predicting subcutaneous trans fatty acid composition in beef heifers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2019-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The trans (t)-18:1 content in beef has become more of interest as partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are removed from foods. Predicting t-18:1 early in the feeding period would be useful if limitations are put on t-18:1 in beef. To determine which blood component is better related to backfat, proportions of t10-18:1 and t11-18:1 (vaccenic acid) were measured in heifer red blood cells (RBC) and plasma (N = 14) after 0, 28, 56, and 76 d on a barley-grain-based diet, and correlated with post-slaughter subcutaneous fat (SCF). Total t-18:1 declined in both RBC and plasma during late finishing (P < 0.05). At 28 d, t11-18:1 decreased and t10-18:1 increased in RBC and plasma (P < 0.05). By 76 d, t10-18:1 declined to 0 d levels. RBC and plasma t-18:1 compositions were highly correlated (t10-18:1, r ≥ 0.7, P ≤ 0.02; t11-18:1, r ≥ 0.51, P ≤ 0.06). Correlations with post-slaughter backfat were, however, consistently greater for RBC compared with plasma. The use of RBC t-18:1 composition may, therefore, be superior to plasma for predicting t-18:1 in SCF, and the length of finishing could be useful for manipulating t-18:1 in beef. The time required for changes in t18:1 in RBC to reflect in changes in SCF still, however, needs to be determined to establish optimal durations for beneficial modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, 2119 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
| | - D.C. Rolland
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - H.C. Block
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - M.E.R. Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
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Barragán-Hernández W, Mahecha-Ledesma L, Angulo-Arizala J, Olivera-Angel M. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Beef Quality Tool to Predict Consumer Acceptance. Foods 2020; 9:foods9080984. [PMID: 32721995 PMCID: PMC7466230 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict beef consumers’ perceptions. Photographs of 200 raw steaks were taken, and NIRS data were collected (transmittance and reflectance). The steak photographs were used to conduct a face-to-face survey of 400 beef consumers. Consumers rated beef color, visible fat, and overall appearance, using a 5-point Likert scale (where 1 indicated “Dislike very much” and 5 indicated “Like very much”), which later was simplified in a 3-point Likert scale. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to generate a beef consumer index. A partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to predict beef consumers’ perceptions using NIRS data. SEM was used to validate the index, with root mean square errors of approximation ≤0.1 and comparative fit and Tucker–Lewis index values <0.9. PLS-DA results for the 5-point Likert scale showed low prediction (accuracy < 42%). A simplified 3-point Likert scale improved discrimination (accuracy between 52% and 55%). The PLS-DA model for purchasing decisions showed acceptable prediction results, particularly for transmittance NIRS (accuracy of 76%). Anticipating beef consumers’ willingness to purchase could allow the beef industry to improve products so that they meet consumers’ preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Barragán-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Turipaná, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Montería 230001, Colombia;
| | - Liliana Mahecha-Ledesma
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, GRICA research group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-4-2199101
| | - Joaquín Angulo-Arizala
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, GRICA research group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia;
| | - Martha Olivera-Angel
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Biogénesis research group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia;
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Vahmani P, Ponnampalam EN, Kraft J, Mapiye C, Bermingham EN, Watkins PJ, Proctor SD, Dugan MER. Bioactivity and health effects of ruminant meat lipids. Invited Review. Meat Sci 2020; 165:108114. [PMID: 32272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant meat (RM) is an excellent source of high-quality protein, B vitamins and trace minerals and plays an important role in global food and nutrition security. However, nutritional guidelines commonly recommend reduced intake of RM mainly because of its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, and more recently because of its perceived negative environmental impacts. RM is, however, rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations with low fish consumption. In addition, RM is a source of bioactive phospholipids, as well as rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids including branched-chain, vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been associated with several health benefits. However, the role of bioactive RM lipids in maintaining and improving consumers' health have been generally ignored in nutritional guidelines. The present review examines RM lipids in relation to human health, and evaluates the effectiveness of different feeding strategies and possibilities for future profile and content improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, California 95616, United States.
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | | | - Peter J Watkins
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribees, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
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Vahmani P, Salazar V, Rolland DC, Gzyl KE, Dugan MER. Iso- but Not Anteiso-Branched Chain Fatty Acids Exert Growth-Inhibiting and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects in MCF-7 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10042-10047. [PMID: 31422658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the growth-inhibitory effects of four common branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) found in beef and dairy fats including iso 15:0, anteiso 15:0, iso 17:0, and anteiso 17:0. MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to -400 μM) of the four BCFA. Cell viability was not affected by any of the BCFA treatments at doses less than 200 μM. Culturing cells with 200 μM of iso-15:0 or iso-17:0 reduced cell viability by 27 ± 2.8 and 43 ± 8.3% at 24 h, 35 ± 4.6 and 49 ± 9.1% at 48 h, and 44 ± 6.8 and 57 ± 8.8% at 72 h posttreatment. In contrast, culturing cells with 200 μM of anteiso-15:0 or anteiso-17:0 did not affect cell viability for any durations tested. The incorporation of iso 15:0 and iso 17:0 into cells (19.1 ± 1.3 and 21.2 ± 1.4 μmol/mg protein, respectively) was greater (P < 0.01) than that of anteiso 15:0 and anteiso 17:0 (11.8 ± 0.7 and 13.8 ± 0.8 μmol/mg protein, respectively). Iso-15:0 and iso-17:0 downregulated (P < 0.01) the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 (0.71 ± 0.6-fold and 0.64 ± 0.09-fold, respectively) and upregulated (P < 0.01) the expression of proapoptotic Bax (1.72 ± 0.14-fold and 2.15 ± 0.24-fold, respectively) compared to the control, whereas their corresponding anteiso isomers did not affect the expression of any apoptosis-related genes. Our findings suggest that the branching structure influences anticarcinogenic effects of BCFAs, with iso being more potent than anteiso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science , University of California , 2251 Meyer Hall , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
| | - Vivien Salazar
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
| | - David C Rolland
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
| | - Katherine E Gzyl
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Lacombe , Alberta T4L 1W1 , Canada
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Salami SA, Valenti B, O'Grady MN, Kerry JP, Mattioli S, Licitra G, Luciano G, Priolo A. Influence of dietary cardoon meal on growth performance and selected meat quality parameters of lambs, and the antioxidant potential of cardoon extract in ovine muscle homogenates. Meat Sci 2019; 153:126-134. [PMID: 30927684 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and oxidative stability were determined in meat from lambs fed a diet containing 15% dehydrated alfalfa (CON, n = 8) or cardoon meal (CMD, n = 7). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of a phenolic-rich cardoon meal extract (1.32 GAE mg/ml) was examined in muscle homogenates (0, 0.5, 1, 5% v/w) subjected to iron/ascorbate-induced oxidation. Feeding CMD did not affect lamb performances and carcass traits but reduced (P < 0.05) the vaccenic and rumenic acids and increased stearic acid in muscle. Lipid oxidation was higher in raw meat from the CMD-fed lambs after 7 days of storage (P < 0.05). Feeding CMD did not affect the colour stability of raw meat and the oxidative stability of cooked meat and of muscle homogenates incubated with pro-oxidant catalysts. Adding 5% cardoon extract in muscle homogenates increased (+114.3%; P = 0.03) the total phenolic content and reduced (-77.6%; P < 0.01) lipid oxidation, demonstrating the antioxidant potential of compounds present in cardoon meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A Salami
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michael N O'Grady
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joseph P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Licitra
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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