Quantitative analysis of CKS1B mRNA expression and copy number gain in patients with plasma cell disorders

Exploring the oncogenic role and prognostic value of CKS1B in human lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction

Lung cancer (LC) is a highly aggressive malignancy and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which includes adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), accounts for the majority of these deaths. Due to the lack of early clinical symptoms and late-stage diagnosis, there is an urgent need for precise and targeted therapeutic strategies. Cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B), a key regulator of the cell cycle, has been implicated in various human cancers. Emerging evidence suggests that its upregulation is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for early detection and targeted therapy.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the role of CKS1B in LUAD and LUSC. Differential gene expression analysis, survival analysis, immune infiltration correlation, and pathway enrichment analysis were performed using publicly available transcriptomic datasets. Additionally, gene interaction networks were analyzed to assess the functional significance of CKS1B in lung cancer progression.

Results

Our findings indicate a significant overexpression of CKS1B in LUAD and LUSC compared to normal lung tissues. Survival analysis demonstrated that higher CKS1B expression correlates with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a potential role of CKS1B in modulating the tumor microenvironment, further supporting its relevance in lung cancer progression. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted its involvement in critical oncogenic pathways, including cell cycle regulation and immune modulation.

Discussion

The results suggest that CKS1B serves as a potential biomarker for early detection and prognosis in NSCLC. Its association with immune response pathways underscores its possible role in immunotherapy. However, despite these promising findings, further in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to validate CKS1B's clinical applicability as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and personalized managements of multiple myeloma with chromosome 1 abnormalities

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy defined by the proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Despite the tremendous advancement in MM treatment over the past decades, relapse remains a major problem which is inevitable for most patients. In particular, a partial of patients with early relapse and poor outcomes are classified as a high-risk group. Apart from the clinical stage, genetic aberrations are now recognized as important prognostic factors for identifying high-risk patients. Chromosome 1 abnormalities (C1As), particularly 1q21 gain or amplification, have been identified as common genetic aberrations in patients with MM and are often considered unfavorable prognostic markers for progression-free survival and overall survival. However, more effective therapeutic approaches are still needed to overcome the negative impact of C1As. Therefore, we summarize the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical significance and present therapeutic condition of C1As in MM, and attempt to conclude the precise and personalized management for patients with C1As.

Knockdown of LINC00657 inhibits the viability, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the miR-520h/CKS1B axis

Long non-coding RNA LINC00657 has a critical role in multiple cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect of LINC00657 in pancreatic cancer (PC) and reveal its molecular mechanism of function. The expression levels of LINC00657 and microRNA (miR)-520h were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in PC tissues and cell lines. MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to detect cell viability, migration and invasion, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was utilized to examine the relationship between LINC00657 and miR-520h and that between miR-520h and cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1 (CKS1B). Western blotting was performed to detect CKS1B expression. The expression levels of LINC00657 and CKS1B were enhanced and miR-520h expression level was reduced in PC tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissues or HPDE6 cells. LINC00657 knockdown decreased the viability, migration and invasion of PC cells. Additionally, LINC00657 targeted miR-520h and negatively modulated miR-520h expression. Furthermore, miR-520h overexpression inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of PC cells. In addition, miR-520h targeted CKS1B and reversely regulated CKS1B expression. miR-520h inhibition and CKS1B overexpression alleviated the inhibition effect of LINC00657 knockdown on the viability, migration and invasion of PACA-2 PC cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that LINC00657 knockdown repressed the viability, migration and invasion of PC cells via targeting the miR-520h/CKS1B axis, which may offer a future target for PC therapy.

The survival impact of CKS1B gains or amplification is dependent on the background karyotype and TP53 deletion status in patients with myeloma

Gains or amplification (amp) of chromosome 1q21/CKS1B are reported to be a high-risk factor in myeloma. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the impact of CKS1B gain/amp on overall survival in the context of other genetic aberrations, such as TP53 deletion, FGFR3-IGH, IGH-MAF, MYEOV/CCND1-IGH, and RB1, as well as karyotype. The cohort included 132 myeloma patients with CKS1B gain/amp detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. There were 72 men and 60 women with a median age of 65 years (range 39-88 years). A normal, simple, or complex karyotype was observed in 39.5%, 5.4%, and 55% of patients, respectively. "Double hit," defined as CKS1B gain/amp coexisting with TP53 deletion, or "triple hit," defined as double hit plus t(4;14)FGFR3-IGH or t(14;16)IGH-MAF, were identified in 25 patients (18.9%) and five patients (3.8%), respectively. Double and triple hit were highly associated with a complex karyotype (p = 0.02). Ninety-nine patients (99/128, 77.3%) received stem cell transplantation. The median follow-up time was 48.2 months (range 2-104 months); 68 patients (51.5%) died, with a median overall survival of 58.8 months. Multivariate analysis (Cox model) showed that double hit with TP53 deletion (p = 0.0031), triple hit (p = 0.01), and complex karyotype (p = 0.0009) were each independently associated with poorer overall survival. Stem cell transplantation was associated with better overall survival, mainly in patients with a double or triple hit and complex karyotype (p = 0.003). These findings indicate that the inferior outcome of myeloma patients with CKS1B gain/amp is attributable to the high number of high-risk patients in this group. The prognostic impact of CKS1B gain/amp depends on the background karyotype and TP53 status.

CKS1B as Drug Resistance-Inducing Gene-A Potential Target to Improve Cancer Therapy

Cancer is a threat to human health and life. Although previously centered on chemical drug treatments, cancer treatment has entered an era of precision targeted therapy. Targeted therapy entails precise guidance, allowing the selective killing of cancer cells and thereby reducing damage to healthy tissues. Therefore, the need to explore potential targets for tumor treatment is vital. Cyclin-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B), a member of the conserved cyclin kinase subunit 1 (CKS1) protein family, plays an essential role in cell cycling. A large number of studies have shown that CKS1B is associated with the pathogenesis of many human cancers and closely related to drug resistance. Here, we describe the current understanding of the cellular functions of CKS1B and its underlying mechanisms, summarize a recent study of CKS1B as a target for cancer treatment and discuss the potential of CKS1B as a therapeutic target.

Downregulation of CKS1B restrains the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of retinoblastoma cells through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common neoplasm that is exhibited in individuals globally. Increasing evidence demonstrated that cyclin‑dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B) may be involved in the pathogenesis of various tumor types, including multiple myeloma and breast cancer. In the present study, the hypothesis that CKS1B downregulation would effectively inhibit the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of RB cells through the mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was examined. Initial investigation of the expression profile of CKS1B in RB and adjacent retina tissues was performed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. A total of three RB cell lines, SO‑RB50, Y79 and HXO‑RB44, were examined for selection of the cell line with the highest expression of CKS1B, and human normal retinal vascular endothelial cells (ACBRI‑181) were also evaluated. CKS1B short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences (shRNA CKS1B‑1, shRNA CKS1B‑2 and shRNA CKS1B‑3) and negative control shRNA sequences were constructed and transfected into cells at the third generation to evaluate the role of shCKS1B and the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in RB. Furthermore, the effect of shCKS1B on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and angiogenesis was investigated. CKS1B was determined to be highly expressed in RB tissue, compared with adjacent retina tissue. SO‑RB50 and HXO‑RB44 cells treated with shRNA CKS1B‑1 and shRNA CKS1B‑2 were selected for the present experiments. Activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway increases the expression of MEK, ERK, B‑cell lymphoma 2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, vascular endothelia growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, enhances cell proliferation, migration, invasion and lumen formation, and decreases apoptosis. Following silencing CKS1B, the aforementioned conditions were reversed. The key observations of the present study demonstrated that shCKS1B can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of RB cells by suppressing the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Thus, CKS1B represents a potential research target in the development of therapeutics for RB.

From MGUS to Multiple Myeloma, a Paradigm for Clonal Evolution of Premalignant Cells

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a treatable, but incurable, malignancy of plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM). It represents the final stage in a continuum of PC dyscrasias and is consistently preceded by a premalignant phase termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The existence of this well-defined premalignant phase provides the opportunity to study clonal evolution of a premalignant condition into overt cancer. Unraveling the mechanisms of malignant transformation of PC could enable early identification of MGUS patients at high risk of progression and may point to novel therapeutic targets, thereby possibly delaying or preventing malignant transformation. The MGUS-to-MM progression requires multiple genomic events and the establishment of a permissive BM microenvironment, although it is generally not clear if the various microenvironmental events are causes or consequences of disease progression. Advances in gene-sequencing techniques and the use of serial paired analyses have allowed for a more specific identification of driver lesions. The challenge in cancer biology is to identify and target those lesions that confer selective advantage and thereby drive evolution of a premalignant clone. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of malignant transformation of MGUS to MM. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2449-56. ©2018 AACR.

Genomic Alteration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Cell Lines Inferred from Karyotyping, Molecular Cytogenetics, and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization

Genomic alteration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was studied in two cell line pairs (HN30-HN31 and HN4-HN12) using conventional C-banding, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). HN30 and HN4 were derived from primary lesions in the pharynx and base of tongue, respectively, and HN31 and HN12 were derived from lymph-node metastatic lesions belonging to the same patients. Gain of chromosome 1, 7, and 11 were shared in almost all cell lines. Hierarchical clustering revealed that HN31 was closely related to HN4, which shared eight chromosome alteration cases. Large C-positive heterochromatins were found in the centromeric region of chromosome 9 in HN31 and HN4, which suggests complex structural amplification of the repetitive sequence. Array CGH revealed amplification of 7p22.3p11.2, 8q11.23q12.1, and 14q32.33 in all cell lines involved with tumorigenesis and inflammation genes. The amplification of 2p21 (SIX3), 11p15.5 (H19), and 11q21q22.3 (MAML2, PGR, TRPC6, and MMP family) regions, and deletion of 9p23 (PTPRD) and 16q23.1 (WWOX) regions were identified in HN31 and HN12. Interestingly, partial loss of PTPRD (9p23) and WWOX (16q23.1) genes was identified in HN31 and HN12, and the level of gene expression tended to be the down-regulation of PTPRD, with no detectable expression of the WWOX gene. This suggests that the scarcity of PTPRD and WWOX genes might have played an important role in progression of HNSCC, and could be considered as a target for cancer therapy or a biomarker in molecular pathology.