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Yan L, Geng Q, Cao Z, Liu B, Li L, Lu P, Lin L, Wei L, Tan Y, He X, Li L, Zhao N, Lu C. Insights into DNMT1 and programmed cell death in diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115753. [PMID: 37871559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) is the predominant member of the DNMT family and the most abundant DNMT in various cell types. It functions as a maintenance DNMT and is involved in various diseases, including cancer and nervous system diseases. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental mechanism that regulates cell proliferation and maintains the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. DNMT1 plays a regulatory role in various types of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and others. DNMT1 is closely associated with the development of various diseases by regulating key genes and pathways involved in PCD, including caspase 3/7 activities in apoptosis, Beclin 1, LC3, and some autophagy-related proteins in autophagy, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in ferroptosis, and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL) in necroptosis. Our study summarizes the regulatory relationship between DNMT1 and different types of PCD in various diseases and discusses the potential of DNMT1 as a common regulatory hub in multiple types of PCD, offering a perspective for therapeutic approaches in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lini Wei
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Dash P, Samal S, Prasad Panda G, Piras AM, Dash M. Polymeric Nanoformulation of Zoledronic Acid Rescues Osteoblasts from the Harmful Effect of its Native Form: An In Vitro Investigation of Cytotoxic Potential on Osteoblasts and Osteosarcoma Cells. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300211. [PMID: 37384621 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor, fatal for pediatric patients who do not respond to chemotherapy, alternative therapies and drugs can provide better outcomes. Zoledronic acid (Zol) belonging to the class of bisphosphonates (BPs) has a direct antitumor ability to prevent Ras GTPases modification and stimulate apoptosis. Despite advances in maintaining balance in skeletal events and direct anticancer properties, Zol causes cytotoxicity to normal healthy pre-osteoblast cells, hampering mineralization and differentiation. The study reports the preparation and evaluation of a nanoformulation that can diminish the existing drawbacks of native Zol. The cytotoxic effect is evaluated on bone cancer cells and healthy bone cells with three different cell lines namely, K7M2 (mouse OS cell line), SaOS2 (human OS cell line), and MC3T3E1 (healthy cell counterpart). It is observed that Zol nanoformulation is uptaken more (95%) in K7M2 whereas in MC3T3E1, the percent population internalizing nanoparticles (NPs) is 45%. Zol has a sustained release of 15% after 96 h from the NP which leads to a rescuing effect on the normal pre-osteoblast cells. In conclusion, it can be stated that Zol nanoformulation can be used as a good platform for a sustained release system with minimum side effects to normal bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratigyan Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, DBT-ILS, ILS, Nalco Nagar Rd, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, KIIT Rd, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sasmita Samal
- Institute of Life Sciences, DBT-ILS, ILS, Nalco Nagar Rd, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, KIIT Rd, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Gyanendra Prasad Panda
- Institute of Life Sciences, DBT-ILS, ILS, Nalco Nagar Rd, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
| | - Anna Maria Piras
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 12, Pisa, PI, 56126, Italy
| | - Mamoni Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, DBT-ILS, ILS, Nalco Nagar Rd, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
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Cholesterol and beyond - The role of the mevalonate pathway in cancer biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188351. [PMID: 32007596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted global disease. Transformation of a normal to a malignant cell takes several steps, including somatic mutations, epigenetic alterations, metabolic reprogramming and loss of cell growth control. Recently, the mevalonate pathway has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor biology and a potential therapeutic target. This pathway controls cholesterol production and posttranslational modifications of Rho-GTPases, both of which are linked to several key steps of tumor progression. Inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway induce pleiotropic antitumor-effects in several human malignancies, identifying the pathway as an attractive candidate for novel therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview about the role and regulation of the mevalonate pathway in certain aspects of cancer initiation and progression and its potential for therapeutic intervention in oncology.
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, García A, Carballo J. Vitamin D supplementation: Hypothetical effect on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:79-83. [PMID: 29857915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an important nutrient for bone health and skeleton growth. Few foods are natural sources of this secosteroid; this is the reason why the consumption of vitamin D as a dietary supplement is becoming common in developed countries. For many years vitamin D has been considered crucial in the treatment and prevention of the Global Burden of Disease and in a reduction in mortality among elder people. Many health care providers prescribe these supplements in the management of osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases; specifically in the primary prevention of fractures. Recently medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) has been reported as severe late sequelae of antiresorptive therapies (i.e., bisphosphonates and some monoclonal antibodies). Although MRONJ-related pathophysiology is not fully understood, there are three fundamental theories to explain it: (1) the inhibition of osteoclasts, (2) the inhibition of angiogenesis and (3) the processes of inflammation-infection. Recent advances in Vitamin D research have shown that this secosteroid can play a potential pivotal role in many of the different etiological pathways of MRONJ. Furthermore, there are a large number of co-morbidities between the deficit of this vitamin and other MRONJ concomitant outcomes. Our hypothesis argues that the low-risk and low-cost vitamin D dietary supplementation may prove to be suitable for use as a practical MRONJ prevention strategy. The described framework gives more insight into the study of disease mechanisms, search of potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Abel García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; GI-1319 Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Carballo
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
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Lee EM, Jung JI, Alam Z, Yi HG, Kim H, Choi JW, Hurh S, Kim YJ, Jeong JC, Yang J, Oh KH, Kim HC, Lee BC, Choi I, Cho DW, Ahn C. Effect of an oxygen-generating scaffold on the viability and insulin secretion function of porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12378. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Lee
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Center for Medical Innovation; Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Ji-In Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do Korea
| | - Zahid Alam
- Center for Medical Innovation; Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Hee-Gyeong Yi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering; Graduate School; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering; Graduate School; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Sunghoon Hurh
- Center for Medical Innovation; Biomedical Research Institute; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Young June Kim
- Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute; Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Gangwon-do Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Department of Nephrology; Ajou University School of Medicine; Suwon Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Center; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
- Department of Surgery; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute; Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Gangwon-do Korea
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; College of Life and Health Sciences; Hoseo University; Asan Chungcheongnam-do Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH); Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute; Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology; Seoul National University; Pyeongchang Gangwon-do Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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6
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Statin and Bisphosphonate Induce Starvation in Fast-Growing Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091982. [PMID: 28914765 PMCID: PMC5618631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins and bisphosphonates are increasingly recognized as anti-cancer drugs, especially because of their cholesterol-lowering properties. However, these drugs act differently on various types of cancers. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of statins and bisphosphonates on the metabolism (NADP+/NADPH-relation) of highly proliferative tumor cell lines from different origins (PC-3 prostate carcinoma, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer, U-2 OS osteosarcoma) versus cells with a slower proliferation rate like MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Global gene expression analysis revealed that after 6 days of treatment with pharmacologic doses of the statin simvastatin and of the bisphosphonate ibandronate, simvastatin regulated more than twice as many genes as ibandronate, including many genes associated with cell cycle progression. Upregulation of starvation-markers and a reduction of metabolism and associated NADPH production, an increase in autophagy, and a concomitant downregulation of H3K27 methylation was most significant in the fast-growing cancer cell lines. This study provides possible explanations for clinical observations indicating a higher sensitivity of rapidly proliferating tumors to statins and bisphosphonates.
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Lin Z, Bishop KS, Sutherland H, Marlow G, Murray P, Denny WA, Ferguson LR. A quinazoline-based HDAC inhibitor affects gene expression pathways involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and mevalonate in prostate cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:839-49. [PMID: 26759180 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00554j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation can lead to the development of cancers and resolution of inflammation is an ongoing challenge. Inflammation can result from dysregulation of the epigenome and a number of compounds that modify the epigenome are in clinical use. In this study the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects of a quinazoline epigenetic-modulator compound were determined in prostate cancer cell lines using a non-hypothesis driven transcriptomics strategy utilising the Affymetrix PrimeView® Human Gene Expression microarray. GATHER and IPA software were used to analyse the data and to provide information on significantly modified biological processes, pathways and networks. A number of genes were differentially expressed in both PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. The top canonical pathways that frequently arose across both cell lines at a number of time points included cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism, and the mevalonate pathway. Targeting of sterol and mevalonate pathways may be a powerful anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lin
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - K S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - H Sutherland
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - G Marlow
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Murray
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - W A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - L R Ferguson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand. and Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Thaler R, Maurizi A, Roschger P, Sturmlechner I, Khani F, Spitzer S, Rumpler M, Zwerina J, Karlic H, Dudakovic A, Klaushofer K, Teti A, Rucci N, Varga F, van Wijnen AJ. Anabolic and Antiresorptive Modulation of Bone Homeostasis by the Epigenetic Modulator Sulforaphane, a Naturally Occurring Isothiocyanate. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6754-71. [PMID: 26757819 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone degenerative pathologies like osteoporosis may be initiated by age-related shifts in anabolic and catabolic responses that control bone homeostasis. Here we show that sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, promotes osteoblast differentiation by epigenetic mechanisms. SFN enhances active DNA demethylation viaTet1andTet2and promotes preosteoblast differentiation by enhancing extracellular matrix mineralization and the expression of osteoblastic markers (Runx2,Col1a1,Bglap2,Sp7,Atf4, andAlpl). SFN decreases the expression of the osteoclast activator receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in osteocytes and mouse calvarial explants and preferentially induces apoptosis in preosteoclastic cells via up-regulation of theTet1/Fas/Caspase 8 and Caspase 3/7 pathway. These mechanistic effects correlate with higher bone volume (∼20%) in both normal and ovariectomized mice treated with SFN for 5 weeks compared with untreated mice as determined by microcomputed tomography. This effect is due to a higher trabecular number in these mice. Importantly, no shifts in mineral density distribution are observed upon SFN treatment as measured by quantitative backscattered electron imaging. Our data indicate that the food-derived compound SFN epigenetically stimulates osteoblast activity and diminishes osteoclast bone resorption, shifting the balance of bone homeostasis and favoring bone acquisition and/or mitigation of bone resorptionin vivo Thus, SFN is a member of a new class of epigenetic compounds that could be considered for novel strategies to counteract osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Thaler
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paul Roschger
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Sturmlechner
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
| | - Silvia Spitzer
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Rumpler
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidrun Karlic
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Franz Varga
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of Social Health Insurance Vienna (WGKK) and Austrian Social Insurance for Occupational Risks (AUVA) Trauma Center Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, 1140 Vienna, Austria,
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
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Brozek W, Reichardt B, Zwerina J, Dimai HP, Klaushofer K, Zwettler E. Antiresorptive therapy and risk of mortality and refracture in osteoporosis-related hip fracture: a nationwide study. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:387-96. [PMID: 26576544 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We analyzed the association of bisphosphonate therapy with mortality and hip refracture incidence among osteoporosis-related hip fracture patients in Austria. Mortality was lower in primarily female bisphosphonate users, while hip refracture incidence was generally elevated relative to controls, indicating beneficial effects of bisphosphonates other than on bone. INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to analyze mortality and hip refracture risk in osteoporotic hip fracture patients with and without antiosteoporotic medication. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data on 31,668 Austrian patients ≥50 years with a hip fracture between July 2008 and December 2010 for antiosteoporotic drug treatment with respect to outcome parameters all-cause mortality, hip refracture incidence, and hip refracture-free days. Outcomes when bisphosphonate (BP) treatment was begun before or after fracture were compared with an age- and sex-matched hip fracture control without antiosteoporotic medication. RESULTS 27.69 % of patients (33.01 % of women, 13.13 % of men) were prescribed antiosteoporotic medication, primarily BPs. Females having initiated BP treatment before first fracture had lower odds for mortality 1 and 3 year(s) post-fracture, whereas hip refracture incidence under pre-fracture BP initiation was generally higher. Treatment that was started after fracture, however, entailed significantly lower mortality hazards for both genders (HR 0.43, 95 %CI 0.36-0.52, p < 0.0001 after 1 year) but significantly higher hip refracture incidence except for patients aged 50-69 years and more hip refracture free days for females. Hip refractures overall amounted to 29.22/1000 patient years differing significantly between women and men (31.03 vs. 23.89, respectively, p < 0.0001), and longer hip refracture free survival was observed for women than for men (499 vs. 466 median days, respectively, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Although BP use is associated with reduced mortality after hip fracture, notably among women, hip refracture incidences are likewise elevated, which is most likely accounted for by a high probability of BP prescription to more comorbid patients suffering from more severe osteoporosis. Concomitantly, through possible effects other than on bone, BPs might be able to curtail mortality. Male hip fracture patients' low treatment frequency in particular reflects underdiagnosis and undertreatment of osteoporosis in Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brozek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, 1st Medical Department at Hanusch Hospital, Hanusch Hospital of the WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria.
| | - B Reichardt
- Sickness Fund Burgenland, Burgenländische Gebietskrankenkasse, Esterhazyplatz 3, 7000, Eisenstadt, Austria
| | - J Zwerina
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, 1st Medical Department at Hanusch Hospital, Hanusch Hospital of the WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - H P Dimai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - K Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, 1st Medical Department at Hanusch Hospital, Hanusch Hospital of the WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Zwettler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, 1st Medical Department at Hanusch Hospital, Hanusch Hospital of the WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center, Heinrich Collin Str. 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
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Cacan E, Greer SF, Garnett-Benson C. Radiation-induced modulation of immunogenic genes in tumor cells is regulated by both histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2264-75. [PMID: 26458736 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment is a pivotal therapy for several cancer types, including colorectal cancer. It has been shown that sublethal doses of radiation modulate gene expression, making tumor cells more susceptible to T-cell-mediated immune attack. We have recently shown that low dose radiation enhances expression of multiple death receptors (Fas, DR4 and DR5) and co-stimulatory molecules (4-1BBL and OX-40L) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells; however, it is unclear how ionizing radiation (IR) enhances expression of these molecules mechanistically. In the present study, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which radiation controls expression of these molecules in CRC. Here we report that, enhanced expression of these genes following radiation treatment of CRC cells is due, in part, to changes in DNA methylation and histone acetylation. We observed that radiation (5 Gy) significantly increased histone acetylation at the promoter regions of 4-1BBL, Fas and DR5 but not OX-40L. However, radiation did not induce changes in the global levels of acetylated histone H3 suggesting specificity of IR-induced changes. Furthermore, evaluation of epigenetic controlling enzymes revealed that IR did not alter overall cellular levels of HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC2 or HDAC3) or DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, or DNMT3b). Instead, radiation decreased binding of HDAC2 and HDAC3 at the promoter regions of Fas and 4-1BBL, respectively. Radiation also resulted in reduced DNMT1 at both the Fas and 4-1BBL promoter regions but not a control gene. We conclude that single dose radiation can influence the expression of immune response relevant genes in colorectal tumor cells by altering the binding of epigenetic enzymes, and modulating histone acetylation, at specific gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Cacan
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Susanna F Greer
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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Lu W, Li J, Ren M, Zeng Y, Zhu P, Lin L, Lin D, Hao S, Gao Q, Liang J, Yan L, Yang C. Role of the mevalonate pathway in specific CpG site demethylation on AGEs-induced MMP9 expression and activation in keratinocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 411:121-9. [PMID: 25916956 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) played an important role for the development of diabetic foot. In the present study we tried to show the mevalonate pathway and the key demethylation site(s) in the MMP-9 cis-promoter to the component of MMP-9 by AGEs in keratinocyte. METHOD Human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) cells were exposed to AGE-BSA. The plasmid construction and site-directed mutagenesis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, immunoblot, zymography, pull down, bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis and Western blotting were applied. RESULTS The AGE-BSA could increase and more activate the MMP9 in keratinocyte. The RhoA and ROCK1 also could be activated. These affects were blocked by the simvastatin. Meanwhile, the CpG site at -562 site was largely demethylated with AGE-BSA treatment. The cis-promoter sequences with -562 bp site methylated had a lower activity change, which had a highest expression activity and was decreased by simvastatin. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis of CpG site (-562 bp) in the recombinant plasmid pCpGL-571 brought more reduction in activity, and the activity of methylated mutation pCpGL-571 remains decreased. CONCLUSION The cis-promoter regions of MMP9 would be methylated by AGE-BSA in keratinocyte through the mevalonate pathway, especially the -562 bp site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yinjuan Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Pin Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Diaozhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shaoyun Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Junqiang Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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12
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Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway affects epigenetic regulation in cancer cells. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:241-52. [PMID: 25978957 PMCID: PMC4503872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway provides metabolites for post-translational modifications such as farnesylation, which are critical for the activity of RAS downstream signaling. Subsequently occurring regulatory processes can induce an aberrant stimulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) as well as changes in histone deacetylases (HDACs) and microRNAs in many cancer cell lines. Inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway are increasingly recognized as anticancer drugs. Extensive evidence indicates an intense cross-talk between signaling pathways, which affect growth, differentiation, and apoptosis either directly or indirectly via epigenetic mechanisms. Herein, we show data obtained by novel transcriptomic and corresponding methylomic or proteomic analyses from cell lines treated with pharmacologic doses of respective inhibitors (i.e., simvastatin, ibandronate). Metabolic pathways and their epigenetic consequences appear to be affected by a changed concentration of NADPH. Moreover, since the mevalonate metabolism is part of a signaling network, including vitamin D metabolism or fatty acid synthesis, the epigenetic activity of associated pathways is also presented. This emphasizes the far-reaching epigenetic impact of metabolic therapies on cancer cells and provides some explanation for clinical observations, which indicate the anticancer activity of statins and bisphosphonates.
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13
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Höll M, Koziel R, Schäfer G, Pircher H, Pauck A, Hermann M, Klocker H, Jansen-Dürr P, Sampson N. ROS signaling by NADPH oxidase 5 modulates the proliferation and survival of prostate carcinoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:27-39. [PMID: 25559363 PMCID: PMC4949723 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of male cancer death in Western nations. Thus, new treatment modalities are urgently needed. Elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes is implicated in tumorigenesis of the prostate and other tissues. However, the identity of the Nox enzyme(s) involved in prostate carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. Analysis of radical prostatectomy tissue samples and benign and malignant prostate epithelial cell lines identified Nox5 as an abundantly expressed Nox isoform. Consistently, immunohistochemical staining of a human PCa tissue microarray revealed distinct Nox5 expression in epithelial cells of benign and malignant prostatic glands. shRNA‐mediated knockdown of Nox5 impaired proliferation of Nox5‐expressing (PC‐3, LNCaP) but not Nox5‐negative (DU145) PCa cell lines. Similar effects were observed upon ROS ablation via the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine confirming ROS as the mediators. In addition, Nox5 silencing increased apoptosis of PC‐3 cells. Concomitantly, protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) protein levels and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation were reduced. Moreover, the effect of Nox5 knockdown on PC‐3 cell proliferation could be mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of JNK. Collectively, these data indicate that Nox5 is expressed at functionally relevant levels in the human prostate and clinical PCa. Moreover, findings herein suggest that Nox5‐derived ROS and subsequent depletion of PKCζ and JNK inactivation play a critical role in modulating intracellular signaling cascades involved in the proliferation and survival of PCa cells. © 2014 The Authors. Molecular Carcinogenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Höll
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rafal Koziel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Haymo Pircher
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Pauck
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone, typically presenting in the first or second decade of life. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes for osteosarcoma patients have not substantially improved in over 30 years. This stagnation in therapeutic advances is perhaps explained by the genetic, epigenetic, and biological complexities of this rare tumor. In this review we provide a general background on the biology of osteosarcoma and the clinical status quo. We go on to enumerate the genetic and epigenetic defects identified in osteosarcoma. Finally, we discuss ongoing large-scale studies in the field and potential new therapies that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chand Khanna
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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New Medical/Biologic Paradigms in the Treatment of Bone Tumors. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-014-0055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Karlic H, Herrmann H, Varga F, Thaler R, Reitermaier R, Spitzer S, Ghanim V, Blatt K, Sperr WR, Valent P, Pfeilstöcker M. The role of epigenetics in the regulation of apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 90:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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The effect of alendronate on proteome of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2014; 2014:532953. [PMID: 24653834 PMCID: PMC3932719 DOI: 10.1155/2014/532953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a life threatening disorder effecting 11 million people worldwide annually. Among various types of cancers, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a higher rate of mortality and is the fifth leading cause of cancer related deaths around the world. Many chemotherapeutic drugs have been used for the treatment of HCC with many side effects. These drugs are inhibitors of different cell regulatory pathways. Mevalonate (MVA) pathway is an important cellular cascade vital for cell growth. A variety of inhibitors of MVA pathway have been reported for their anticancerous activity. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are members of a family involved in the treatment of skeletal complications. In recent years, their anticancer potential has been highlighted. Current study focuses on exploring the effects of alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen containing BP, on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line using genomic and proteomics approach. Our results identified ten differentially expressed proteins, of which five were up regulated and five were down regulated in ALN treated cells. Furthermore, we also performed gene expression analysis in treated and control cell lines. The study may help in understanding the molecular mechanism involved in antitumor activity of ALN, identification of possible novel drug targets, and designing new therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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18
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Li B, Ye Z. Epigenetic alterations in osteosarcoma: promising targets. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:3303-15. [PMID: 24500341 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is being reinterpreted due to recent discoveries related to epigenetic regulation during development, and the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in initiation and progression of cancer has been further highlighted by the recent explosion in medical information. Osteosarcoma is highly genetically unstable, and current therapeutic regimens are subject to chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma will provide novel avenues for cancer therapy. In this review, we examine the epigenetic alterations in gene expression in osteosarcoma, and discuss the utilization of epigenetic regulation therapy in treatment against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310008, China
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A new bisphosphonate derivative, CP, induces gastric cancer cell apoptosis via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1535-44. [PMID: 24241351 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of a new derivative of bisphosphonates, [2-(6-aminopurine-9-yl)-1-hydroxy-phosphine acyl ethyl] phosphonic acid (CP), on human gastric cancer. METHODS Human gastric cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, BGC-823, MKN-45, and MKN-28) and human colon carcinoma cell lines (LoVo and HT-29) were tested. Cell growth was determined using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry, Western blot, caspase activity assay and siRNA transfection were used to examine the mechanisms of anticancer action. Female BALB/c nude mice were implanted with SGC-7901 cells. From d6 after inoculation, the animals were injected with CP (200 μg/kg, ip) or vehicle daily for 24 d. RESULTS CP suppressed the growth of the 6 human cancer cell lines with similar IC50 values (3239 μmol/L). In SGC-7901 cells, CP arrested cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase. The compound activated caspase-9, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad, decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Furthermore, the compound selectively activated ERK1/2 without affecting JNK and p38 in SGC-7901 cells. Treatment of SGC-7901 cells with the specific ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 or ERK1/2 siRNA hampered CP-mediated apoptosis. In the human gastric cancer xenograft nude mouse model, chronic administration of CP significantly retarded the tumor growth. CONCLUSION CP is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of human carcinoma cells in vitro, and it also exerts significant inhibition on gastric cancer cell growth in vivo. CP induces human gastric cancer apoptosis via activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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