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Sabadell-Basallote J, Astiarraga B, Castaño C, Ejarque M, Repollés-de-Dalmau M, Quesada I, Blanco J, Nuñez-Roa C, Rodríguez-Peña MM, Martínez L, De Jesus DF, Marroqui L, Bosch R, Montanya E, Sureda FX, Tura A, Mari A, Kulkarni RN, Vendrell J, Fernández-Veledo S. SUCNR1 regulates insulin secretion and glucose elevates the succinate response in people with prediabetes. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173214. [PMID: 38713514 PMCID: PMC11178533 DOI: 10.1172/jci173214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is a key feature of type 2 diabetes, and novel regulators of insulin secretion are desirable. Here we report that the succinate receptor (SUCNR1) is expressed in β-cells and is up-regulated in hyperglycemic states in mice and humans. We found that succinate acts as a hormone-like metabolite and stimulates insulin secretion via a SUCNR1-Gq-PKC-dependent mechanism in human β-cells. Mice with β-cell-specific Sucnr1 deficiency exhibit impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion on a high-fat diet, indicating that SUCNR1 is essential for preserving insulin secretion in diet-induced insulin resistance. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance show an enhanced nutritional-related succinate response, which correlates with the potentiation of insulin secretion during intravenous glucose administration. These data demonstrate that the succinate/SUCNR1 axis is activated by high glucose and identify a GPCR-mediated amplifying pathway for insulin secretion relevant to the hyperinsulinemia of prediabetic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Sabadell-Basallote
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Brenno Astiarraga
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carlos Castaño
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Repollés-de-Dalmau
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ELCHE, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Catalina Nuñez-Roa
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M-Mar Rodríguez-Peña
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Martínez
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Laura Marroqui
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ELCHE, Spain
| | - Ramon Bosch
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Insitut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ELCHE, Spain
| | - Francesc X Sureda
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Andrea Tura
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Abboud D, Abboud C, Inoue A, Twizere JC, Hanson J. Basal interaction of the orphan receptor GPR101 with arrestins leads to constitutive internalization. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116013. [PMID: 38151077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
GPR101 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that promotes growth hormone secretion in the pituitary. The microduplication of the GPR101 gene has been linked with the X-linked acrogigantism, or X-LAG, syndrome. This disease is characterized by excessive growth hormone secretion and abnormal rapid growth beginning early in life. Mechanistically, GPR101 induces growth hormone secretion through constitutive activation of multiple heterotrimeric G proteins. However, the full scope of GPR101 signaling remains largely elusive. Herein, we investigated the association of GPR101 to multiple transducers and uncovered an important basal interaction with Arrestin 2 (β-arrestin 1) and Arrestin 3 (β-arrestin 2). By using a GPR101 mutant lacking the C-terminus and cell lines with an Arrestin 2/3 null background, we show that the arrestin association leads to constitutive clathrin- and dynamin-mediated GPR101 internalization. To further highlight GPR101 intracellular fate, we assessed the colocalization of GPR101 with Rab protein markers. Internalized GPR101 was mainly colocalized with the early endosome markers, Rab5 and EEA-1, and to a lesser degree with the late endosome marker Rab7. However, GPR101 was not colocalized with the recycling endosome marker Rab11. These findings show that the basal arrestin recruitment by GPR101 C-terminal tail drives the receptor constitutive clathrin-mediated internalization. Intracellularly, GPR101 concentrates in the endosomal compartment and is degraded through the lysosomal pathway. In conclusion, we uncovered a constitutive intracellular trafficking of GPR101 that potentially represents an important layer of regulation of its signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Clauda Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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Pillaiyar T, Wozniak M, Abboud D, Rasch A, Liebing AD, Poso A, Kronenberger T, Stäubert C, Laufer SA, Hanson J. Development of Ligands for the Super Conserved Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR27 with Improved Efficacy and Potency. J Med Chem 2023; 66:17118-17137. [PMID: 38060818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR27 appears to play a role in insulin production, secretion, lipid metabolism, neuronal plasticity, and l-lactate homeostasis. However, investigations on the function of GPR27 are impaired by the lack of potent and efficacious agonists. We describe herein the development of di- and trisubstituted benzamide derivatives 4a-e, 7a-z, and 7aa-ai, which display GPR27-specific activity in a β-arrestin 2 recruitment-based assay. Highlighted compounds are PT-91 (7p: pEC50 6.15; Emax 100%) and 7ab (pEC50 6.56; Emax 99%). A putative binding mode was revealed by the docking studies of 7p and 7ab with a GPR27 homology model. The novel active compounds exhibited no GPR27-mediated activation of G proteins, indicating that the receptor may possess an atypical profile. Compound 7p displays high metabolic stability and brain exposure in mice. Thus, 7p represents a novel tool to investigate the elusive pharmacology of GPR27 and assess its potential as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Wozniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexander Rasch
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aenne-Dorothea Liebing
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antti Poso
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudia Stäubert
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Ågren R, Betari N, Saarinen M, Zeberg H, Svenningsson P, Sahlholm K. In Vitro Comparison of Ulotaront (SEP-363856) and Ralmitaront (RO6889450): Two TAAR1 Agonist Candidate Antipsychotics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:599-606. [PMID: 37549917 PMCID: PMC10519813 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trace amine-associated receptor-1 (TAAR1) agonists have been proposed as potential antipsychotics, with ulotaront and ralmitaront having reached clinical trials. While ulotaront demonstrated efficacy in a recent Phase II trial, a corresponding study studies of ralmitaront failed to show efficacy as a monotherapy or as an adjunct to atypical antipsychotics. In addition to TAAR1 agonism, ulotaront is a partial agonist at the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR). However, little is known about ralmitaront. METHODS We compared ulotaront and ralmitaront at TAAR1, 5-HT1AR, and dopamine D2 using luciferase complementation-based G protein recruitment, cAMP accumulation, and G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel activation assays. RESULTS Ralmitaront showed lower efficacy at TAAR1 in G protein recruitment, cAMP accumulation, and GIRK activation assays. Moreover, ralmitaront lacked detectable activity at 5-HT1AR and dopamine D2. CONCLUSIONS Compared with ulotaront, ralmitaront shows lower efficacy and slower kinetics at TAAR1 and lacks efficacy at 5-HT1AR. These data may be relevant to understanding differences in clinical profiles of these 2 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ågren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Nibal Betari
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcus Saarinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Basal and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Sahlholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Sell EA, Tan LH, Lin C, Bosso JV, Palmer JN, Adappa ND, Lee RJ, Kohanski MA, Reed DR, Cohen NA. Microbial metabolite succinate activates solitary chemosensory cells in the human sinonasal epithelium. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:1525-1534. [PMID: 36565436 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate, although most famous for its role in the Krebs cycle, can be released extracellularly as a signal of cellular distress, particularly in situations of metabolic stress and inflammation. Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) express SUCNR1, the succinate receptor, and modulate type 2 inflammatory responses in helminth and protozoal infections in the small intestine. SCCs are the dominant epithelial source of interleukin-25, as well as an important source of cysteinyl leukotrienes in the airway, and have been implicated as upstream agents in type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma. METHODS In this study, we used scRNAseq analysis, live cell imaging of intracellular calcium from primary sinonasal air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures from 1 donor, and measure antimicrobial peptide release from 5 donors to demonstrate preliminary evidence suggesting that succinate can act as a stimulant of SCCs in the human sinonasal epithelium. RESULTS Results from scRNAseq analysis show that approximately 10% of the SCC/ionocyte cluster of cells expressed SUCNR1 as well as a small population of immune cells. Using live cell imaging of intracellular calcium, we also demonstrate that clusters of cells on primary sinonasal ALI cultures initiated calcium-mediated signaling in response to succinate stimulation. Furthermore, we present evidence that primary sinonasal ALI cultures treated with succinate had increased levels of apical beta-defensin 2, an antimicrobial peptide, compared to treatment with a control solution. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings demonstrate the need for further investigation into the activation of the sinonasal epithelium by succinate in the pathogenesis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sell
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Li Hui Tan
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John V Bosso
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - James N Palmer
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael A Kohanski
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Noam A Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
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Infield DT, Schene ME, Fazan FS, Galles GD, Galpin JD, Ahern CA. Real-time observation of functional specialization among phosphorylation sites in CFTR. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213216. [PMID: 36695813 PMCID: PMC9930130 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoregulation is ubiquitous in biology. Defining the functional roles of individual phosphorylation sites within a multivalent system remains particularly challenging. We have therefore applied a chemical biology approach to light-control the state of single candidate phosphoserines in the canonical anion channel CFTR while simultaneously measuring channel activity. The data show striking non-equivalency among protein kinase A consensus sites, which vary from <10% to >1,000% changes in channel activity upon phosphorylation. Of note, slow phosphorylation of S813 suggests that this site is rate-limiting to the full activation of CFTR. Further, this approach reveals an unexpected coupling between the phosphorylation of S813 and a nearby site, S795. Overall, these data establish an experimental route to understanding roles of specific phosphoserines within complex phosphoregulatory domains. This strategy may be employed in the study of phosphoregulation of other eukaryotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Infield
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Miranda E. Schene
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Frederico S. Fazan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Grace D. Galles
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Jason D. Galpin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Ahern
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA
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Atallah R, Olschewski A, Heinemann A. Succinate at the Crossroad of Metabolism and Angiogenesis: Roles of SDH, HIF1α and SUCNR1. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3089. [PMID: 36551845 PMCID: PMC9775124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process by which new blood vessels develop from existing ones. While adequate angiogenesis is a physiological process during, for example, tissue repair, insufficient and excessive angiogenesis stands on the pathological side. Fine balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in the tissue environment regulates angiogenesis. Identification of these factors and how they function is a pressing topic to develop angiogenesis-targeted therapeutics. During the last decade, exciting data highlighted non-metabolic functions of intermediates of the mitochondrial Krebs cycle including succinate. Among these functions is the contribution of succinate to angiogenesis in various contexts and through different mechanisms. As the concept of targeting metabolism to treat a wide range of diseases is rising, in this review we summarize the mechanisms by which succinate regulates angiogenesis in normal and pathological settings. Gaining a comprehensive insight into how this metabolite functions as an angiogenic signal will provide a useful approach to understand diseases with aberrant or excessive angiogenic background, and may provide strategies to tackle them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Atallah
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Kuo CC, Wu JY, Wu KK. Cancer-derived extracellular succinate: a driver of cancer metastasis. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:93. [DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSuccinate is a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate normally confined to the mitochondrial matrix. It is a substrate of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Mutation of SDH subunits (SDHD and SDHB) in hereditary tumors such as paraganglioma or reduction of SDHB expression in cancer results in matrix succinate accumulation which is transported to cytoplasma and secreted into the extracellular milieu. Excessive cytosolic succinate is known to stabilize hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) by inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase. Recent reports indicate that cancer-secreted succinate enhances cancer cell migration and promotes cancer metastasis by activating succinate receptor-1 (SUCNR-1)-mediated signaling and transcription pathways. Cancer-derived extracellular succinate enhances cancer cell and macrophage migration through SUCNR-1 → PI-3 K → HIF-1α pathway. Extracellular succinate induces tumor angiogenesis through SUCNR-1-mediated ERK1/2 and STAT3 activation resulting in upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Succinate increases SUCNR-1 expression in cancer cells which is considered as a target for developing new anti-metastasis drugs. Furthermore, serum succinate which is elevated in cancer patients may be a theranostic biomarker for selecting patients for SUCNR-1 antagonist therapy.
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Tian X, Zhang J, Wang S, Gao H, Sun Y, Liu X, Fu W, Tan B, Su R. Tyrosine 7.43 is important for mu-opioid receptor downstream signaling pathways activated by fentanyl. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919325. [PMID: 36120357 PMCID: PMC9478952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors can signal through both G proteins and ß-arrestin2. For the µ-opioid receptor (MOR), early experimental evidence from a single study suggested that G protein signaling mediates analgesia and sedation, whereas ß-arrestin signaling mediates respiratory depression and constipation. Then, receptor mutations were used to clarify which residues interact with ligands to selectively regulate signals in a ligand-specific manner. However, there is no systematic study on how to determine these residues and clarify the molecular mechanism of their influence on signal pathways. We have therefore used molecular docking to predict the amino acid sites that affect the binding of ligands and MOR. Then, the corresponding sites were mutated to determine the effect of the structural determinant of MOR on Gi/o protein and ß-arrestin pathways. The pharmacological and animal behavioral experiments in combination with molecular dynamics simulations were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of key residues governing the signaling. Without affecting ligand binding to MOR, MORY7.43A attenuated the activation of both Gi/o protein and ß-arrestin signaling pathways stimulated by fentanyl, whereas it did not change these two pathways stimulated by morphine. Likewise, the activation peak time of extracellular regulated protein kinases was significantly prolonged at MORY7.43A compared with that at MORwildtype stimulated by fentanyl, but there was no difference stimulated by morphine. In addition, MORY7.43A significantly enhanced analgesia by fentanyl but not by morphine in the mice behavioral experiment. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulations showed that H6 moves toward the cellular membrane. H6 of the fentanyl–Y7.43A system moved outward more than that in the morphine–Y7.43A system. Y7.43 mutation disrupted hydrophobic interactions between W6.48 and Y7.43 in the fentanyl–Y7.43A system but not in the morphine–Y7.43A system. Our results have disclosed novel mechanisms of Y7.43 mutation affecting MOR signaling pathways. Y7.43 mutation reduced the activation of the Gi/o protein pathway and blocked the ß-arrestin2 recruitment, increased the H6 outward movement of MOR, and disrupted hydrophobic interactions. This may be responsible for the enhanced fentanyl analgesia. These findings are conducive to designing new drugs from the perspective of ligand and receptor binding, and Y7.43 is also expected to be a key site to structure optimization of synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Tan, , ; Ruibin Su, ,
| | - Ruibin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Tan, , ; Ruibin Su, ,
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10
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Chimeric GPCRs mimic distinct signaling pathways and modulate microglia responses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4728. [PMID: 35970889 PMCID: PMC9378622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate processes ranging from immune responses to neuronal signaling. However, ligands for many GPCRs remain unknown, suffer from off-target effects or have poor bioavailability. Additionally, dissecting cell type-specific responses is challenging when the same GPCR is expressed on different cells within a tissue. Here, we overcome these limitations by engineering DREADD-based GPCR chimeras that bind clozapine-N-oxide and mimic a GPCR-of-interest. We show that chimeric DREADD-β2AR triggers responses comparable to β2AR on second messenger and kinase activity, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. Moreover, we successfully recapitulate β2AR-mediated filopodia formation in microglia, an immune cell capable of driving central nervous system inflammation. When dissecting microglial inflammation, we included two additional DREADD-based chimeras mimicking microglia-enriched GPR65 and GPR109A. DREADD-β2AR and DREADD-GPR65 modulate the inflammatory response with high similarity to endogenous β2AR, while DREADD-GPR109A shows no impact. Our DREADD-based approach allows investigation of cell type-dependent pathways without known endogenous ligands. Understanding the function of GPCRs requires stimulation with their specific ligands. Here, the authors design chemogenetic G-protein coupled receptors that allows for the study of receptors without knowing the immediate ligand, and demonstrate its use for the β2-adrenergic receptor in microglia.
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11
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Tang X, Hou Y, Schwartz TW, Haeggström JZ. Metabolite G-protein coupled receptor signaling: Potential regulation of eicosanoids. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115208. [PMID: 35963340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are a family of bioactive compounds derived from arachidonic acid (AA) that play pivotal roles in physiology and disease, including inflammatory conditions of multiple organ systems. The biosynthesis of eicosanoids requires a series of catalytic steps that are controlled by designated enzymes, which can be regulated by inflammatory and stress signals via transcriptional and translational mechanisms. In the past decades, evidence have emerged indicating that G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) can sense extracellular metabolites, and regulate inflammatory responses including eicosanoid production. This review focuses on the recent advances of metabolite GPCRs research, their role in regulation of eicosanoid biosynthesis, and the link to pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Biomedicum 9A, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yaolin Hou
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Biomedicum 9A, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Biomedicum 9A, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Detraux D, Renard P. Succinate as a New Actor in Pluripotency and Early Development? Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070651. [PMID: 35888775 PMCID: PMC9325148 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells have been stabilized from pre- and post-implantation blastocysts, representing respectively naïve and primed stages of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with distinct epigenetic, metabolic and transcriptomic features. Beside these two well characterized pluripotent stages, several intermediate states have been reported, as well as a small subpopulation of cells that have reacquired features of the 2C-embryo (2C-like cells) in naïve mouse ESC culture. Altogether, these represent a continuum of distinct pluripotency stages, characterized by metabolic transitions, for which we propose a new role for a long-known metabolite: succinate. Mostly seen as the metabolite of the TCA, succinate is also at the crossroad of several mitochondrial biochemical pathways. Its role also extends far beyond the mitochondrion, as it can be secreted, modify proteins by lysine succinylation and inhibit the activity of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, such as prolyl hydroxylase (PHDs) or histone and DNA demethylases. When released in the extracellular compartment, succinate can trigger several key transduction pathways after binding to SUCNR1, a G-Protein Coupled Receptor. In this review, we highlight the different intra- and extracellular roles that succinate might play in the fields of early pluripotency and embryo development.
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13
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The Succinate Receptor SUCNR1 Resides at the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Relocates to the Plasma Membrane in Hypoxic Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142185. [PMID: 35883628 PMCID: PMC9321536 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The GPCR SUCNR1/GPR91 exerts proangiogenesis upon stimulation with the Krebs cycle metabolite succinate. GPCR signaling depends on the surrounding environment and intracellular localization through location bias. Here, we show by microscopy and by cell fractionation that in neurons, SUCNR1 resides at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while being fully functional, as shown by calcium release and the induction of the expression of the proangiogenic gene for VEGFA. ER localization was found to depend upon N-glycosylation, particularly at position N8; the nonglycosylated mutant receptor localizes at the plasma membrane shuttled by RAB11. This SUCNR1 glycosylation is physiologically regulated, so that during hypoxic conditions, SUCNR1 is deglycosylated and relocates to the plasma membrane. Downstream signal transduction of SUCNR1 was found to activate the prostaglandin synthesis pathway through direct interaction with COX-2 at the ER; pharmacologic antagonism of the PGE2 EP4 receptor (localized at the nucleus) was found to prevent VEGFA expression. Concordantly, restoring the expression of SUCNR1 in the retina of SUCNR1-null mice renormalized vascularization; this effect is markedly diminished after transfection of the plasma membrane-localized SUCNR1 N8A mutant, emphasizing that ER localization of the succinate receptor is necessary for proper vascularization. These findings uncover an unprecedented physiologic process where GPCR resides at the ER for signaling function.
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14
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D'Uonnolo G, Reynders N, Meyrath M, Abboud D, Uchański T, Laeremans T, Volkman BF, Janji B, Hanson J, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A. The Extended N-Terminal Domain Confers Atypical Chemokine Receptor Properties to CXCR3-B. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868579. [PMID: 35720349 PMCID: PMC9198273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR3 plays a critical role in immune cell recruitment and activation. CXCR3 exists as two main isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, resulting from alternative splicing. Although the two isoforms differ only by the presence of an N-terminal extension in CXCR3-B, they have been attributed divergent functional effects on cell migration and proliferation. CXCR3-B is the more enigmatic isoform and the mechanisms underlying its function and signaling remain elusive. We therefore undertook an in-depth cellular and molecular comparative study of CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B, investigating their activation at different levels of the signaling cascades, including G protein coupling, β-arrestin recruitment and modulation of secondary messengers as well as their downstream gene response elements. We also compared the subcellular localization of the two isoforms and their trafficking under resting and stimulated conditions along with their ability to internalize CXCR3-related chemokines. Here, we show that the N-terminal extension of CXCR3-B drastically affects receptor features, modifying its cellular localization and preventing G protein coupling, while preserving β-arrestin recruitment and chemokine uptake capacities. Moreover, we demonstrate that gradual truncation of the N terminus leads to progressive recovery of surface expression and G protein coupling. Our study clarifies the molecular basis underlying the divergent effects of CXCR3 isoforms, and emphasizes the β-arrestin-bias and the atypical nature of CXCR3-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D'Uonnolo
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nathan Reynders
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Max Meyrath
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tomasz Uchański
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Bassam Janji
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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15
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Wang FI, Ding G, Ng GS, Dixon SJ, Chidiac P. Luciferase-based GloSensor™ cAMP assay: Temperature optimization and application to cell-based kinetic studies. Methods 2021; 203:249-258. [PMID: 34737032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important receptor superfamily and common therapeutic targets. The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key mediator in many GPCR signaling pathways. Monitoring intracellular cAMP levels can help identify orthosteric agonists and antagonists, as well as allosteric modulators. In this regard, luminescence-based biosensors have revolutionized our ability to monitor GPCR signaling kinetics. The GloSensor™ cAMP assay enables real-time monitoring of signaling downstream of many GPCRs. However, it is crucial to optimize assay conditions such as temperature. As well, it has not been reported whether the effects of temperature on biosensor activity are reversible. Here, we describe the temperature sensitivity and reversibility of the GloSensor™ cAMP assay, and which GloSensor™ version is optimal for measuring cytosolic cAMP. We also present a detailed protocol for monitoring cAMP levels in live cells expressing endogenous or exogenous GPCRs. Temperature optimization studies were carried out using HEK293H cells transiently transfected with the adenosine receptor A2a and the GloSensor™ plasmid (pGloSensor-20F or -22F). We found that preincubation and luminescence reading at room temperature were optimal as compared to higher temperatures. As well, the GloSensor-22F biosensor had a superior signal-to-background ratio and the effect of temperature on biosensor activity was reversible. However, thermal instability of the biosensor may pose a problem for in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the GloSensor™ cAMP assay can be applied to analyze signaling by a wide range of GPCRs for drug discovery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang I Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gucci Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Garmen S Ng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - S Jeffrey Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Peter Chidiac
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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16
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Fernández-Veledo S, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Vendrell J. Rethinking succinate: an unexpected hormone-like metabolite in energy homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:680-692. [PMID: 34301438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the signaling capacity of energy metabolites. A prime example is the Krebs cycle substrate succinate, an archetypal respiratory substrate with functions beyond energy production as an intracellular and extracellular signaling molecule. Long associated with inflammation, emerging evidence supports a key role for succinate in metabolic processes relating to energy management. As the natural ligand for SUCNR1, a G protein-coupled receptor, succinate is akin to hormones and likely functions as a reporter of metabolism and stress. In this review, we reconcile new and old observations to outline a regulatory role for succinate in metabolic homeostasis. We highlight the importance of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in metabolic diseases as an integrator of macrophage immune response, and we discuss new metabolic functions recently ascribed to succinate in specific tissues. Because circulating succinate has emerged as a promising biomarker in chronic metabolic diseases, a better understanding of the physiopathological role of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis in metabolism might open new avenues for clinical use in patients with obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victòria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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17
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Trauelsen M, Hiron TK, Lin D, Petersen JE, Breton B, Husted AS, Hjorth SA, Inoue A, Frimurer TM, Bouvier M, O'Callaghan CA, Schwartz TW. Extracellular succinate hyperpolarizes M2 macrophages through SUCNR1/GPR91-mediated Gq signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109246. [PMID: 34133934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Succinate functions both as a classical TCA cycle metabolite and an extracellular metabolic stress signal sensed by the mainly Gi-coupled succinate receptor SUCNR1. In the present study, we characterize and compare effects and signaling pathways activated by succinate and both classes of non-metabolite SUCNR1 agonists. By use of specific receptor and pathway inhibitors, rescue in G-protein-depleted cells and monitoring of receptor G protein activation by BRET, we identify Gq rather than Gi signaling to be responsible for SUCNR1-mediated effects on basic transcriptional regulation. Importantly, in primary human M2 macrophages, in which SUCNR1 is highly expressed, we demonstrate that physiological concentrations of extracellular succinate act through SUCNR1-activated Gq signaling to efficiently regulate transcription of immune function genes in a manner that hyperpolarizes their M2 versus M1 phenotype. Thus, sensing of stress-induced extracellular succinate by SUCNR1 is an important transcriptional regulator in human M2 macrophages through Gq signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Trauelsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Maersk Tower, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas K Hiron
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Da Lin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jacob E Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Maersk Tower, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Billy Breton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Sofie Husted
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Maersk Tower, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siv A Hjorth
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Maersk Tower, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Maersk Tower, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chris A O'Callaghan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thue W Schwartz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Maersk Tower, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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GPR101 drives growth hormone hypersecretion and gigantism in mice via constitutive activation of G s and G q/11. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4752. [PMID: 32958754 PMCID: PMC7506554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a key modulator of growth and GH over-secretion can lead to gigantism. One form is X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG), in which infants develop GH-secreting pituitary tumors over-expressing the orphan G-protein coupled receptor, GPR101. The role of GPR101 in GH secretion remains obscure. We studied GPR101 signaling pathways and their effects in HEK293 and rat pituitary GH3 cell lines, human tumors and in transgenic mice with elevated somatotrope Gpr101 expression driven by the rat Ghrhr promoter (GhrhrGpr101). Here, we report that Gpr101 causes elevated GH/prolactin secretion in transgenic GhrhrGpr101 mice but without hyperplasia/tumorigenesis. We show that GPR101 constitutively activates not only Gs, but also Gq/11 and G12/13, which leads to GH secretion but not proliferation. These signatures of GPR101 signaling, notably PKC activation, are also present in human pituitary tumors with high GPR101 expression. These results underline a role for GPR101 in the regulation of somatotrope axis function.
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19
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Li X, Xie L, Qu X, Zhao B, Fu W, Wu B, Wu J. GPR91, a critical signaling mechanism in modulating pathophysiologic processes in chronic illnesses. FASEB J 2020; 34:13091-13105. [PMID: 32812686 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001037r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Succinate receptor GPR91 is one of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and is expressed in a variety of cell types and tissues. Succinate is its natural ligand, and its activation represents that an intrinsic metabolic intermediate exerts a regulatory role on many critical life processes involving pathophysiologic mechanisms, such as innate immunity, inflammation, tissue repair, and oncogenesis. With the illustration of 3-dimensional crystal structure of the receptor and discovery of its antagonists, it is possible to dissect the succinate-GPR91-G protein signaling pathways in different cell types under pathophysiological conditions. Deep understanding of the GPR91-ligand binding mode with various agonists and antagonists would aid in elucidating the molecular basis of a spectrum of chronic illnesses, such as hypertension, diabetes, and their renal and retina complications, metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and its fibrotic progression, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), age-related macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, and progressive behaviors of malignancies. With better delineation of critical regulatory role of the succinate-GPR91 axis in these illnesses, therapeutic intervention may be developed by specifically targeting this signaling pathway with small molecular antagonists or other strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangli Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bangyi Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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20
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Min T, Liu M, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang Z. Molecular and pharmacological characterization of poultry (Gallus gallus, Anas platyrhynchos, Anser cygnoides domesticus) and pig (Sus scrofa domestica) melanocortin-5 receptors and their mutants. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 283:113233. [PMID: 31356812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin-5 receptor (MC5R) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily that plays a critical role in lipid production, skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, and adipocyte lipolysis. Although multiple functions and important value of MC5R in human beings have been fully demonstrated, however, the potential molecular cloning, pharmacological characteristics and key amino acids in poultry and pig were still not fully understood. Herein, we successfully cloned MC5R genes from chicken (Gallus gallus, cMC5R), duck (Anas platyrhynchos, dMC5R), goose (Anser cygnoides domesticus, gMC5R) and pig (Sus scrofa domestica, pMC5R), and compared their genetic and protein difference with hMC5R through phylogenetic analysis and homology models. Besides, we constructed three alanine-substitution mutants for each of MC5Rs through homologous reorganization, including c/d/gMC5R-D119A/F254A/H257A and pMC5R-D204A/F339A/H342A. Subsequently, we focused our investigation on the pharmacological characterization of four wide-type MC5Rs and their mutants in HEK293T cells, including the intracellular cAMP generation and phosphorylation level of ERK1/2. The results showed that these mutants had decreased cAMP levels under the stimulation of ligands, in spite of enhanced basal activity for c/d/gF254A and pH342A, indicating their important roles in the location and activation of receptors. Notably, these MC5Rs and mutants displayed significant species-specific phenotypes in the activation of pERK1/2 with ligands, which was not completely consistent with hMC5R. These findings demonstrated that presence of interspecies differences for MC5Rs, particularly for the pERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our study expands current knowledge about the molecular and pharmacological characterization of c/d/g/pMC5Rs, providing preliminary data for MC5R-targeted drug screening or genetic breeding of economic animals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haijie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Ayukawa K, Suzuki C, Ogasawara H, Kinoshita T, Furuno M, Suzuki G. Development of a High-Throughput Screening-Compatible Assay for Discovery of GPR3 Inverse Agonists Using a cAMP Biosensor. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:287-298. [PMID: 31516076 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219875101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class of cell surface proteins, there are ≥100 orphan GPCRs whose endogenous ligands are unknown. Accordingly, these could prove to be potential therapeutic targets for the pharmaceutical intervention of various diseases. Constitutively active orphan GPCRs are activated without ligands; thus, inverse agonists may be very useful pharmacological tools for inhibiting constitutive activity. However, in general, inverse agonist screening is considered more difficult to perform with high quality than antagonist screening, particularly due to the narrow assay window. We developed a high-throughput screening (HTS)-compatible assay to identify inverse agonists of GPR3. GPR3 is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and is known to be related to Alzheimer's disease and other CNS diseases. The GPR3 inducible cell line was established using T-REx 293 cells that stably expressed the tetracycline repressor protein, and the cAMP biosensor, GloSensor, was stably co-expressed. After optimization of the induction level of GPR3 and assay conditions, the GloSensor assay showed an approximately 20-fold signal-to-background ratio and high sensitivity. Using the HTS method, we successfully screened a library of hundreds of thousands of compounds for the inhibition of constitutive activity with good quality and excellent reproducibility. Finally, 35 compounds were identified as GPR3 selective inverse agonists. This inverse agonist screening approach using GloSensor in combination with the inducible expression of orphan GPCR indicates universal applicability to the search for inverse agonists of constitutively active orphan GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Ayukawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chie Suzuki
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogasawara
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kinoshita
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gentaroh Suzuki
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Musha S, Murakami S, Kojima R, Tomura H. Increased luminescence of the GloSensor cAMP assay in LβT2 cells does not correlate with cAMP accumulation under low pH conditions. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:381-388. [PMID: 31006726 PMCID: PMC6708853 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a pivotal role in gonadotrope responses in the pituitary. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mediated synthesis and secretion of
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are regulated by both the Gs/cAMP and Gq/Ca2+ signaling pathways. Pituitary adenylate
cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) also regulates GnRH responsiveness in gonadotropes through the PACAP receptor, which activates the Gs/cAMP signaling pathway. Therefore,
measuring intracellular cAMP levels is important for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of FSH and LH synthesis and secretion in gonadotropes. The GloSensor cAMP assay is useful for
detecting cAMP levels in intact, living cells. In this study, we found that increased GloSensor luminescence intensity did not correlate with cAMP accumulation in LβT2 cells under low pH
conditions. This result indicates that cell type and condition must be considered when using GloSensor cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Musha
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Syo Murakami
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Kojima
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tomura
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling Regulation, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.,Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
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23
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Laschet C, Dupuis N, Hanson J. A dynamic and screening-compatible nanoluciferase-based complementation assay enables profiling of individual GPCR-G protein interactions. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:4079-4090. [PMID: 30593506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently the target of more than 30% of the marketed medicines. However, there is an important medical need for ligands with improved pharmacological activities on validated drug targets. Moreover, most of these ligands remain poorly characterized, notably because of a lack of pharmacological tools. Thus, there is an important demand for innovative assays that can detect and drive the design of compounds with novel or improved pharmacological properties. In particular, a functional and screening-compatible GPCR-G protein interaction assay is still unavailable. Here, we report on a nanoluciferase-based complementation technique to detect ligands that promote a GPCR-G protein interaction. We demonstrate that our system can be used to profile compounds with regard to the G proteins they activate through a given GPCR. Furthermore, we established a proof of applicability of screening for distinct G proteins on dopamine receptor D2 whose differential coupling to Gαi/o family members has been extensively studied. In a D2-Gαi1 versus D2-Gαo screening, we retrieved five agonists that are currently being used in antiparkinsonian medications. We determined that in this assay, piribedil and pergolide are full agonists for the recruitment of Gαi1 but are partial agonists for Gαo, that the agonist activity of ropinirole is biased in favor of Gαi1 recruitment, and that the agonist activity of apomorphine is biased for Gαo We propose that this newly developed assay could be used to develop molecules that selectively modulate a particular G protein pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Laschet
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, 4000 Liège and
| | - Nadine Dupuis
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, 4000 Liège and
| | - Julien Hanson
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, 4000 Liège and .,the Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CIRM-Drug Target and Lead Discovery, University of Liège, Liège CHU, B34 (+4), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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24
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Hammoud H, Elhabazi K, Quillet R, Bertin I, Utard V, Laboureyras E, Bourguignon JJ, Bihel F, Simonnet G, Simonin F, Schmitt M. Aminoguanidine Hydrazone Derivatives as Nonpeptide NPFF1 Receptor Antagonists Reverse Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2599-2609. [PMID: 29727163 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFF1R and NPFF2R) and their endogenous ligand neuropeptide FF have been shown previously to display antiopioid properties and to play a critical role in the adverse effects associated with chronic administrations of opiates including the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and analgesic tolerance. In this work, we sought to identify novel NPFF receptors ligands by focusing our interest in a series of heterocycles as rigidified nonpeptide NPFF receptor ligands, starting from already described aminoguanidine hydrazones (AGHs). Binding experiments and functional assays highlighted AGH 1n and its rigidified analogue 2-amino-dihydropyrimidine 22e for in vivo experiments. As shown earlier with the prototypical dipeptide antagonist RF9, both 1n and 22e reduced significantly the long lasting fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia in rodents. Altogether these data indicate that AGH rigidification maintains nanomolar affinities for both NPFF receptors, while improving antagonist character toward NPFF1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hammoud
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS,
UMR7200, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Khadija Elhabazi
- Université
de Strasbourg, CNRS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR
7242, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Raphäelle Quillet
- Université
de Strasbourg, CNRS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR
7242, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Isabelle Bertin
- Université
de Strasbourg, CNRS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR
7242, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Valérie Utard
- Université
de Strasbourg, CNRS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR
7242, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Emilie Laboureyras
- Homéostasie-Allostasie-Pathologie-Réhabilitation,
UMR 5287 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bourguignon
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS,
UMR7200, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS,
UMR7200, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Guy Simonnet
- Homéostasie-Allostasie-Pathologie-Réhabilitation,
UMR 5287 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Université
de Strasbourg, CNRS, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR
7242, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Martine Schmitt
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS,
UMR7200, Faculty of Pharmacy, F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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25
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Li Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Xia WR, Zheng JY, Yang J, Liu B, Liu JQ, Liu LF. Succinate induces synovial angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis through metabolic remodeling and HIF-1α/VEGF axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:1-14. [PMID: 30030103 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In response to hypoxic succinate accumulates in arthritis synovium, however, the implication is little known. This study aims to investigate whether succinate could act as a metabolic signal linking metabolic alternation with angiogenesis in arthritis synovium. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The interaction between elevated succinate and VEGF production was examined in endothelial cells. Succinate production, HIF-1α induction and angiogenesis in the hypoxic synovium of collagen-induced arthritis rats were also investigated. KEY RESULTS Intracellular succinate promoted VEGF production and induced angiogenic response dependent on HIF-1α induction in endothelial cells. Luciferase reporter assay showed that succinate increased VEGF expression through gene promoter activation dependent on HIF-1α induction. Intracellular succinate released into intercellular space, where extracellular succinate activated succinate receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) and induced VEGF production, further exacerbating angiogenesis. In addition, TGF-β1 treatment increased succinate production due to the reversal of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activation, and consistently, SDH inhibitor dimethyl malonate reduced angiogenesis in the arthritis synovium. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS More than an intermediate, succinate functioned as a signaling molecule to link metabolic reprograming with angiogenesis. Intracellular succinate induced angiogenesis through HIF-1α induction, while extracellular succinate acted on GPR91 activation, working together to disturb energy metabolism and exacerbate inflammation and angiogenesis in arthritis synovium. Our work suggested that suppression of SDH could prevent succinate accumulation and inhibit angiogenesis via blocking HIF-1α/VEGF axis. This finding not only provides a novel insight into angiogenesis, but also reveals a potential therapeutical strategy to attenuate revascularization in arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Rats
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Succinate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Succinic Acid/metabolism
- Synovial Fluid/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wen-Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jian-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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26
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Tewson P, Martinka S, Shaner N, Berlot C, Quinn AM, Hughes T. Assay for Detecting Gαi-Mediated Decreases in cAMP in Living Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:898-906. [PMID: 29991302 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218786238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based assays to detect Gαi signaling are often indirect, frequently involve complex pharmacological interventions, and are usually blind to the kinetics of the signaling. Our goal was to develop a simple, direct measure of Gαi signaling in living cells. We previously reported our fluorescent cADDis assay and showed that it reliably detects Gαs-mediated increases in cAMP levels. Agonists that stimulate a Gs-coupled receptor produce changes in the intensity of bright green or red fluorescent protein sensors that can be followed over time using automated fluorescence plate readers or fluorescence imaging systems. Since the cADDis sensors can monitor Gαs-mediated increases in adenylyl cyclase activity, in theory they should also be capable of detecting Gαi-mediated decreases. Here we apply our green fluorescent cADDis sensor to the detection of Gαi-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. We validated and optimized the assay in living HEK 293T cells using several known Gαi-coupled receptors and agonists, and we report robust Z' statistics and consistent EC50 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan Shaner
- 2 Department of Photobiology and Bioimaging, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Hughes
- 1 Montana Molecular, Bozeman, MT, USA.,3 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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27
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Multiplexed profiling of GPCR activities by combining split TEV assays and EXT-based barcoded readouts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8137. [PMID: 29802268 PMCID: PMC5970223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell surface receptors and are implicated in the physiological regulation of many biological processes. The high diversity of GPCRs and their physiological functions make them primary targets for therapeutic drugs. For the generation of novel compounds, however, selectivity towards a given target is a critical issue in drug development as structural similarities between members of GPCR subfamilies exist. Therefore, the activities of multiple GPCRs that are both closely and distantly related to assess compound selectivity need to be tested simultaneously. Here, we present a cell-based multiplexed GPCR activity assay, termed GPCRprofiler, which uses a β-arrestin recruitment strategy and combines split TEV protein-protein interaction and EXT-based barcode technologies. This approach enables simultaneous measurements of receptor activities of multiple GPCR-ligand combinations by applying massively parallelized reporter assays. In proof-of-principle experiments covering 19 different GPCRs, both the specificity of endogenous agonists and the polypharmacological effects of two known antipsychotics on GPCR activities were demonstrated. Technically, normalization of barcode reporters across individual assays allows quantitative pharmacological assays in a parallelized manner. In summary, the GPCRprofiler technique constitutes a flexible and scalable approach, which enables simultaneous profiling of compound actions on multiple receptor activities in living cells.
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28
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Szpakowska M, Nevins AM, Meyrath M, Rhainds D, D'huys T, Guité-Vinet F, Dupuis N, Gauthier PA, Counson M, Kleist A, St-Onge G, Hanson J, Schols D, Volkman BF, Heveker N, Chevigné A. Different contributions of chemokine N-terminal features attest to a different ligand binding mode and a bias towards activation of ACKR3/CXCR7 compared with CXCR4 and CXCR3. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1419-1438. [PMID: 29272550 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chemokines and their receptors form an intricate interaction and signalling network that plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological cellular processes. The high promiscuity and apparent redundancy of this network makes probing individual chemokine/receptor interactions and functional effects, as well as targeting individual receptor axes for therapeutic applications, challenging. Despite poor sequence identity, the N-terminal regions of chemokines, which play a key role in their activity and selectivity, contain several conserved features. Thus far little is known regarding the molecular basis of their interactions with typical and atypical chemokine receptors or the conservation of their contributions across chemokine-receptor pairs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used a broad panel of chemokine variants and modified peptides derived from the N-terminal region of chemokines CXCL12, CXCL11 and vCCL2, to compare the contributions of various features to binding and activation of their shared receptors, the two typical, canonical G protein-signalling receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR3, as well as the atypical scavenger receptor CXCR7/ACKR3, which shows exclusively arrestin-dependent activity. KEY RESULTS We provide molecular insights into the plasticity of the ligand-binding pockets of these receptors, their chemokine binding modes and their activation mechanisms. Although the chemokine N-terminal region is a critical determinant, neither the most proximal residues nor the N-loop are essential for binding and activation of ACKR3, as distinct from binding and activation of CXCR4 and CXCR3. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest a different interaction mechanism between this atypical receptor and its ligands and illustrate its strong propensity to activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Amanda M Nevins
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Max Meyrath
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David Rhainds
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas D'huys
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Guité-Vinet
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Dupuis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Arnaud Gauthier
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Manuel Counson
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew Kleist
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Geneviève St-Onge
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nikolaus Heveker
- Research Centre, Saint-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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29
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Ballister ER, Rodgers J, Martial F, Lucas RJ. A live cell assay of GPCR coupling allows identification of optogenetic tools for controlling Go and Gi signaling. BMC Biol 2018; 16:10. [PMID: 29338718 PMCID: PMC5771134 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal opsins are light-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that enable optogenetic control over the major heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathways in animal cells. As such, opsins have potential applications in both biomedical research and therapy. Selecting the opsin with the best balance of activity and selectivity for a given application requires knowing their ability to couple to a full range of relevant Gα subunits. We present the GsX assay, a set of tools based on chimeric Gs subunits that transduce coupling of opsins to diverse G proteins into increases in cAMP levels, measured with a real-time reporter in living cells. We use this assay to compare coupling to Gi/o/t across a panel of natural and chimeric opsins selected for potential application in gene therapy for retinal degeneration. Results Of the opsins tested, wild-type human rod opsin had the highest activity for chimeric Gs proxies for Gi and Gt (Gsi and Gst) and was matched in Go proxy (Gso) activity only by a human rod opsin/scallop opsin chimera. Rod opsin drove roughly equivalent responses via Gsi, Gso, and Gst, while cone opsins showed much lower activities with Gso than Gsi or Gst, and a human rod opsin/amphioxus opsin chimera demonstrated higher activity with Gso than with Gsi or Gst. We failed to detect activity for opsin chimeras bearing three intracellular fragments of mGluR6, and observed unexpectedly complex response profiles for scallop and amphioxus opsins thought to be specialized for Go. Conclusions These results identify rod opsin as the most potent non-selective Gi/o/t-coupled opsin, long-wave sensitive cone opsin as the best for selectively activating Gi/t over Go, and a rod opsin/amphioxus opsin chimera as the best choice for selectively activating Go over Gi/t. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0475-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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30
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Goulding J, May LT, Hill SJ. Characterisation of endogenous A 2A and A 2B receptor-mediated cyclic AMP responses in HEK 293 cells using the GloSensor™ biosensor: Evidence for an allosteric mechanism of action for the A 2B-selective antagonist PSB 603. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 147:55-66. [PMID: 29106905 PMCID: PMC5770336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous adenosine A2B receptors (A2BAR) mediate cAMP accumulation in HEK 293 cells. Here we have used a biosensor to investigate the mechanism of action of the A2BAR antagonist PSB 603 in HEK 293 cells. The A2A agonist CGS 21680 elicited a small response in these cells (circa 20% of that obtained with NECA), suggesting that they also contain a small population of A2A receptors. The responses to NECA and adenosine were antagonised by PSB 603, but not by the selective A2AAR antagonist SCH 58261. In contrast, CGS 21680 responses were not antagonised by high concentrations of PSB 603, but were sensitive to inhibition by SCH 58261. Analysis of the effect of increasing concentrations of PSB 603 on the response to NECA indicated a non-competitive mode of action yielding a marked reduction in the NECA EMAX with no significant effect on EC50 values. Kinetics analysis of the effect of PSB 603 on the A2BAR-mediated NECA responses confirmed a saturable effect that was consistent with an allosteric mode of antagonism. The possibility that PSB 603 acts as a negative allosteric modulator of A2BAR suggests new approaches to the development of therapeutic agents to treat conditions where adenosine levels are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Goulding
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Lauren T May
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
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31
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Hu J, Li T, Du X, Wu Q, Le YZ. G protein-coupled receptor 91 signaling in diabetic retinopathy and hypoxic retinal diseases. Vision Res 2017; 139:59-64. [PMID: 28539261 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91) is a succinate-specific receptor and activation of GPR91 could initiate a complex signal transduction cascade and upregulate inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines. In the retina, GPR91 is predominately expressed in ganglion cells, a major cellular entity involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other hypoxic retinal diseases. During the development of DR and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), chronic hypoxia causes an increase in the levels of local succinate. Succinate-mediated GPR91 activation upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through ERK1/2-C/EBP β (c-Fos) and/or ERK1/2-COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways, which in turn, leads to the breakdown of blood-retina barriers in these disorders. In this review, we will have a brief introduction of GPR91 and its biological functions and a more detailed discussion about the role and mechanisms of GPR91 in DR and ROP. A better understanding of GPR91 regulation may be of great significance in identifying new biomarkers and drug targets for the prediction and treatment of DR, ROP, and hypoxic retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinhua Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yun-Zheng Le
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, Cell Biology, and Ophthalmology and Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Dupuis N, Laschet C, Franssen D, Szpakowska M, Gilissen J, Geubelle P, Soni A, Parent AS, Pirotte B, Chevigné A, Twizere JC, Hanson J. Activation of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR27 by Surrogate Ligands Promotes β-Arrestin 2 Recruitment. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:595-608. [PMID: 28314853 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the most important drug targets for human diseases. An important number of them remain devoid of confirmed ligands. GPR27 is one of these orphan receptors, characterized by a high level of conservation among vertebrates and a predominant expression in the central nervous system. In addition, it has recently been linked to insulin secretion. However, the absence of endogenous or surrogate ligands for GPR27 complicates the examination of its biologic function. Our aim was to validate GPR27 signaling pathways, and therefore we sought to screen a diversity-oriented synthesis library to identify GPR27-specific surrogate agonists. To select an optimal screening assay, we investigated GPR27 ligand-independent activity. Both in G protein-mediated pathways and in β-arrestin 2 recruitment, no ligand-independent activity could be measured. However, we observed a recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to a GPR27V2 chimera in the presence of membrane-anchored G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2. Therefore, we optimized a firefly luciferase complementation assay to screen against this chimeric receptor. We identified two compounds [N-[4-(anilinocarbonyl)phenyl]-2,4-dichlorobenzamide (ChemBridge, San Diego, CA; ID5128535) and 2,4-dichloro-N-{4-[(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl}benzamide (ChemBridge ID5217941)] sharing a N-phenyl-2,4-dichlorobenzamide scaffold, which were selective for GPR27 over its closely related family members GPR85 and GPR173. The specificity of the activity was confirmed with a NanoLuc Binary Technology β-arrestin 2 assay, imaging of green fluorescent protein-tagged β-arrestin 2, and PathHunter β-arrestin 2 assay. Interestingly, no G protein activation was detected upon activation of GPR27 by these compounds. Our study provides the first selective surrogate agonists for the orphan GPR27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Dupuis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Céline Laschet
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Delphine Franssen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Julie Gilissen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Pierre Geubelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Arvind Soni
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (N.D., C.L., J.G., P.G., A.S., J.H.), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (N.D., B.P., J.H.), Neuroendocrinology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences (D.F., A.-S.P.), Laboratory of Protein Signaling and Interactions, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases (J.-C.T.), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; and Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg (M.S., A.C.)
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Geubelle P, Gilissen J, Dilly S, Poma L, Dupuis N, Laschet C, Abboud D, Inoue A, Jouret F, Pirotte B, Hanson J. Identification and pharmacological characterization of succinate receptor agonists. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:796-808. [PMID: 28160606 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The succinate receptor (formerly GPR91 or SUCNR1) is described as a metabolic sensor that may be involved in homeostasis. Notwithstanding its implication in important (patho)physiological processes, the function of succinate receptors has remained ill-defined because no pharmacological tools were available. We report on the discovery of the first family of potent synthetic agonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We screened a library of succinate analogues and analysed their activity on succinate receptors. Also, we modelled a pharmacophore and a binding site for this receptor. New agonists were identified based on the information provided by these two approaches. Their activity was studied in various bioassays, including measurement of cAMP levels, [Ca2+ ]i mobilization, TGF-α shedding and recruitment of arrestin 3. The in vivo effects of activating succinate receptors with these new agonists was evaluated on rat BP. KEY RESULTS We identified cis-epoxysuccinic acid and cis-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid as agonists with an efficacy similar to that of succinic acid. Interestingly, cis-epoxysuccinic acid was 10- to 20-fold more potent than succinic acid on succinate receptors. For example, cis-epoxysuccinic acid reduced cAMP levels with a pEC50 = 5.57 ± 0.02 (EC50 = 2.7 μM), compared with succinate pEC50 = 4.54 ± 0.08 (EC50 = 29 μM). The rank order of potency of the three agonists was the same in all in vitro assays. Both cis-epoxysuccinic and cis-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acid were as potent as succinate in increasing rat BP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We describe new agonists at succinate receptors that should facilitate further research on this understudied receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Geubelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Gilissen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Dilly
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Modelling for (Bio)molecule Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Laurence Poma
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nadine Dupuis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Laschet
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dayana Abboud
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - François Jouret
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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The Effects of Puerarin on Rat Ventricular Myocytes and the Potential Mechanism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35475. [PMID: 27762288 PMCID: PMC5071873 DOI: 10.1038/srep35475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin, a known isoflavone, is commonly found as a Chinese herb medicine. It is widely used in China to treat cardiac diseases such as angina, cardiac infarction and arrhythmia. However, its cardioprotective mechanism remains unclear. In this study, puerarin significantly prolonged ventricular action potential duration (APD) with a dosage dependent manner in the micromolar range on isolated rat ventricular myocytes. However, submicromolar puerarin had no effect on resting membrane potential (RMP), action potential amplitude (APA) and maximal velocity of depolarization (Vmax) of action potential. Only above the concentration of 10 mM, puerarin exhibited more aggressive effect on action potential, and shifted RMP to the positive direction. Millimolar concentrations of puerarin significantly inhibited inward rectified K+ channels in a dosage dependent manner, and exhibited bigger effects upon Kir2.1 vs Kir2.3 in transfected HEK293 cells. As low as micromolar range concentrations of puerarin significantly inhibited Kv7.1 and IKs. These inhibitory effects may due to the direct inhibition of puerarin upon channels not via the PKA-dependent pathway. These results provided direct preclinical evidence that puerarin prolonged APD via its inhibitory effect upon Kv7.1 and IKs, contributing to a better understanding the mechanism of puerarin cardioprotection in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Chan JD, McCorvy JD, Acharya S, Johns ME, Day TA, Roth BL, Marchant JS. A Miniaturized Screen of a Schistosoma mansoni Serotonergic G Protein-Coupled Receptor Identifies Novel Classes of Parasite-Selective Inhibitors. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005651. [PMID: 27187180 PMCID: PMC4871480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a tropical parasitic disease afflicting ~200 million people worldwide and current therapy depends on a single drug (praziquantel) which exhibits several non-optimal features. These shortcomings underpin the need for next generation anthelmintics, but the process of validating physiologically relevant targets (‘target selection’) and pharmacologically profiling them is challenging. Remarkably, even though over a quarter of current human therapeutics target rhodopsin-like G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), no library screen of a flatworm GPCR has yet been reported. Here, we have pharmacologically profiled a schistosome serotonergic GPCR (Sm.5HTR) implicated as a downstream modulator of PZQ efficacy, in a miniaturized screening assay compatible with high content screening. This approach employs a split luciferase based biosensor sensitive to cellular cAMP levels that resolves the proximal kinetics of GPCR modulation in intact cells. Data evidence a divergent pharmacological signature between the parasitic serotonergic receptor and the closest human GPCR homolog (Hs.5HTR7), supporting the feasibility of optimizing parasitic selective pharmacophores. New ligands, and chemical series, with potency and selectivity for Sm.5HTR over Hs.5HTR7 are identified in vitro and validated for in vivo efficacy against schistosomules and adult worms. Sm.5HTR also displayed a property resembling irreversible inactivation, a phenomenon discovered at Hs.5HTR7, which enhances the appeal of this abundantly expressed parasite GPCR as a target for anthelmintic ligand design. Overall, these data underscore the feasibility of profiling flatworm GPCRs in a high throughput screening format competent to resolve different classes of GPCR modulators. Further, these data underscore the promise of Sm.5HTR as a chemotherapeutically vulnerable node for development of next generation anthelmintics. Parasitic flatworms express a diverse array of G protein coupled receptors, but our knowledge of their pharmacological profile is limited. No high throughput screen of a flatworm GPCR has been reported, even though these targets have precedent for high druggability and functionality in the chemotherapeutically vulnerable excitable cell niche. The goal of this study was to establish a method for profiling flatworm G protein coupled receptors that can be scaled to high content screening. Using a cAMP biosensor, we have performed a proof of principle miniaturized screen on a schistosome serotonergic GPCR that resolves new ligands that potently and selectivity block 5-HT receptor activity in vitro, and 5-HT evoked responses in schistosomules and adult worms. This approach evidences the pharmacological divergence of a parasitic GPCR from the closest human homolog and a capacity for high content interrogation of flatworm GPCR properties and ligand specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sreemoyee Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Malcolm E. Johns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Day
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelmann School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Marchant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
SUCNR1 (or GPR91) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which represents the largest group of membrane proteins in human genome. The majority of marketed drugs targets GPCRs, directly or indirectly. SUCNR1 has been classified as an orphan receptor until a landmark study paired it with succinate, a citric acid cycle intermediate. According to the current paradigm, succinate triggers SUCNR1 signaling pathways to indicate local stress that may affect cellular metabolism. SUCNR1 implication has been well documented in renin-induced hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammation and immune response, platelet aggregation and retinal angiogenesis. In addition, the SUCNR1-induced increase of blood pressure may contribute to diabetic nephropathy or cardiac hypertrophy. The understanding of SUCNR1 activation, signaling pathways and functions remains largely elusive, which calls for deeper investigations. SUCNR1 shows a high potential as an innovative drug target and is probably an important regulator of basic physiology. In order to achieve the full characterization of this receptor, more specific pharmacological tools such as small-molecules modulators will represent an important asset. In this review, we describe the structural features of SUCNR1, its current ligands and putative binding pocket. We give an exhaustive overview of the known and hypothetical signaling partners of the receptor in different in vitro and in vivo systems. The link between SUCNR1 intracellular pathways and its pathophysiological roles are also extensively discussed.
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