1
|
Nguyen ATN, Tran QL, Baltos JA, McNeill SM, Nguyen DTN, May LT. Small molecule allosteric modulation of the adenosine A 1 receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184360. [PMID: 37435481 PMCID: PMC10331460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the target for approximately a third of FDA-approved small molecule drugs. The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), one of four adenosine GPCR subtypes, has important (patho)physiological roles in humans. A1R has well-established roles in the regulation of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, where it has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for a number of conditions, including cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, cognition, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain. A1R small molecule drugs, typically orthosteric ligands, have undergone clinical trials. To date, none have progressed into the clinic, predominantly due to dose-limiting unwanted effects. The development of A1R allosteric modulators that target a topographically distinct binding site represent a promising approach to overcome current limitations. Pharmacological parameters of allosteric ligands, including affinity, efficacy and cooperativity, can be optimized to regulate A1R activity with high subtype, spatial and temporal selectivity. This review aims to offer insights into the A1R as a potential therapeutic target and highlight recent advances in the structural understanding of A1R allosteric modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T. N. Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Quan L. Tran
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha M. McNeill
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diep T. N. Nguyen
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen ATN, Nguyen DTN, Koh HY, Toskov J, MacLean W, Xu A, Zhang D, Webb GI, May LT, Halls ML. The application of artificial intelligence to accelerate GPCR drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37161878 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of artificial intelligence approaches to drug discovery for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a rapidly expanding area. Artificial intelligence can be used at multiple stages during the drug discovery process, from aiding our understanding of the fundamental actions of GPCRs, to the discovery of new ligand-GPCR interactions or the prediction of clinical responses. Here, we provide an overview of the concepts behind artificial intelligence, including the sub-fields of machine learning and deep learning. We summarise the published applications of artificial intelligence to different stages of the GPCR drug discovery process. Finally, we reflect on the benefits and limitations of artificial intelligence and share our vision for the exciting potential for further development of applications to aid GPCR drug discovery. In addition to making the drug discovery process "faster, smarter and cheaper", we anticipate that the application of artificial intelligence will create exciting new opportunities for GPCR drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diep T N Nguyen
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huan Yee Koh
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Data Futures Institute and Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Toskov
- Monash DeepNeuron, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - William MacLean
- Monash DeepNeuron, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Xu
- Monash DeepNeuron, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daokun Zhang
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Data Futures Institute and Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey I Webb
- Monash Data Futures Institute and Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thai BS, Chia LY, Nguyen ATN, Qin C, Ritchie RH, Hutchinson DS, Kompa A, White PJ, May LT. Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors for Heart Failure Treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37095602 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatment for patients with heart failure include drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as β-blockers and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (or angiotensin II receptor blockers). However, many patients progress to advanced heart failure with persistent symptoms, despite treatment with available therapeutics that have been shown to reduce mortality and mortality. GPCR targets currently being explored for the development of novel heart failure therapeutics include adenosine receptors, formyl peptide receptors, relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptors, vasopressin receptors, endothelin receptors and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Many GPCR drug candidates are limited by insufficient efficacy and/or dose-limiting unwanted effects. Understanding the current challenges hindering successful clinical translation and the potential to overcome existing limitations will facilitate the future development of novel heart failure therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bui San Thai
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Kompa
- Department Medicine and Radiology, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baltos JA, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Rollo B, Gregory KJ, White PJ, Christopoulos A, Kwan P, O'Brien TJ, May LT. The Role of the Adenosine System in Epilepsy and its Comorbidities. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37076128 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most serious and common chronic neurological conditions, characterised by recurrent hypersynchronous electrical activity in the brain that lead to seizures. Despite over 50 million people being affected worldwide, only ~70% of people with epilepsy have their seizures successfully controlled with current pharmacotherapy, and many experience significant psychiatric and physical comorbidities. Adenosine, a ubiquitous purine metabolite, is a potent endogenous anti-epileptic substance that can abolish seizure activity via the adenosine A1 G protein-coupled receptor (A1 R). A1 R activation decreases seizure activity in animal models, including models of drug-resistant epilepsy. Recent advances have increased our understanding of epilepsy comorbidities, highlighting the potential for adenosine receptors to modulate epilepsy-associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular dysfunction, sleep, and cognition. This review provides an accessible resource of the current advances in understanding the adenosine system as a therapeutic target for epilepsy and epilepsy-associated comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ben Rollo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Mobbs JI, May LT, Glukhova A, Thal DM. The impact of cryo-EM on determining allosteric modulator-bound structures of G protein-coupled receptors. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 79:102560. [PMID: 36848776 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of human disease. Although GPCRs are highly successful drug targets, there are many challenges associated with the discovery and translation of small molecule ligands that target the endogenous ligand-binding site for GPCRs. Allosteric modulators are a class of ligands that target alternative binding sites known as allosteric sites and offer fresh opportunities for the development of new therapeutics. However, only a few allosteric modulators have been approved as drugs. Advances in GPCR structural biology enabled by the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) revolution have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism and binding location of small molecule allosteric modulators. This review highlights the latest findings from allosteric modulator-bound structures of Class A, B, and C GPCRs with a focus on small molecule ligands. Emerging methods that will facilitate cryo-EM structures of more difficult ligand-bound GPCR complexes are also discussed. The results of these studies are anticipated to aid future structure-based drug discovery efforts across many different GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Zhang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Jesse I Mobbs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia. https://twitter.com/@JesseMobbs
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia. https://twitter.com/@laurentmay
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. https://twitter.com/@gl_alisa
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qin CX, Norling LV, Vecchio EA, Brennan EP, May LT, Wootten D, Godson C, Perretti M, Ritchie RH. Formylpeptide receptor 2: Nomenclature, structure, signalling and translational perspectives: IUPHAR review 35. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4617-4639. [PMID: 35797341 PMCID: PMC9545948 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the fascinating pharmacology of formylpeptide receptor 2 (FPR2; often referred to as FPR2/ALX since it binds lipoxin A4 ). Initially identified as a low-affinity 'relative' of FPR1, FPR2 presents complex and diverse biology. For instance, it is activated by several classes of agonists (from peptides to proteins and lipid mediators) and displays diverse expression patterns on myeloid cells as well as epithelial cells and endothelial cells, to name a few. Over the last decade, the pharmacology of FPR2 has progressed from being considered a weak chemotactic receptor to a master-regulator of the resolution of inflammation, the second phase of the acute inflammatory response. We propose that exploitation of the biology of FPR2 offers innovative ways to rectify chronic inflammatory states and represents a viable avenue to develop novel therapies. Recent elucidation of FPR2 structure will facilitate development of the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving drugs of next decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lucy V. Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth A. Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eoin P. Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia in the elderly and its increasing prevalence presents treatment challenges. Despite a better understanding of the disease, the current mainstay of treatment cannot modify pathogenesis or effectively address the associated cognitive and memory deficits. Emerging evidence suggests adenosine G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are promising therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. The adenosine A1 and A2A receptors are expressed in the human brain and have a proposed involvement in the pathogenesis of dementia. Targeting these receptors preclinically can mitigate pathogenic β-amyloid and tau neurotoxicity whilst improving cognition and memory. In this review, we provide an accessible summary of the literature on Alzheimer’s disease and the therapeutic potential of A1 and A2A receptors. Although there are no available medicines targeting these receptors approved for treating dementia, we provide insights into some novel strategies, including allosterism and the targeting of oligomers, which may increase drug discovery success and enhance the therapeutic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuc N. H. Trinh
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Shane D. Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, 3052 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Awalt JK, Nguyen ATN, Fyfe TJ, Thai BS, White PJ, Christopoulos A, Jörg M, May LT, Scammells PJ. Examining the Role of the Linker in Bitopic N6-Substituted Adenosine Derivatives Acting as Biased Adenosine A 1 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9076-9095. [PMID: 35729775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A1 receptor is a therapeutic target based on its ability to provide cardioprotection during episodes of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. However, the clinical translation of A1R agonists has been hindered by dose-limiting adverse effects (bradycardia and hypotension). Previously, we demonstrated that the bitopic agonist VCP746 (1), consisting of an adenosine pharmacophore linked to an allosteric moiety, can stimulate cardioprotective A1R signaling effects in the absence of unwanted bradycardia. This study maps the structure-activity relationships of 1 through modifications to the linker moiety. Derivatives differing in the flexibility, length, and nature of the linker were assessed, which revealed that the linker is tolerant of several modifications including added rigidity. Ligands featuring 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were the most biased of the novel analogues but also displayed sub-nanomolar potency in a cAMP accumulation assay at the A2BR. To our knowledge, 10 is the most potent A2BR agonist published to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Kyle Awalt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tim J Fyfe
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bui San Thai
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trinh PNH, Chong DJW, Leach K, Hill SJ, Tyndall JDA, May LT, Vernall AJ, Gregory KJ. Development of Covalent, Clickable Probes for Adenosine A 1 and A 3 Receptors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8161-8178. [PMID: 34120444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for multiple conditions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuropathic pain. Adenosine receptor drug discovery efforts would be facilitated by the development of appropriate tools to assist in target validation and direct receptor visualization in different native environments. We report the development of the first bifunctional (chemoreactive and clickable) ligands for the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) based on an orthosteric antagonist xanthine-based scaffold and on an existing structure-activity relationship. Bifunctional ligands were functional antagonists with nanomolar affinity and irreversible binding at the A1R and A3R. In-depth pharmacological profiling of these bifunctional ligands showed moderate selectivity over A2A and A2B adenosine receptors. Once bound to the receptor, ligands were successfully "clicked" with a cyanine-5 fluorophore containing the complementary "click" partner, enabling receptor detection. These bifunctional ligands are expected to aid in the understanding of A1R and A3R localization and trafficking in native cells and living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuc N H Trinh
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel J W Chong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, The Midlands NG7 2UH, U.K.,Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
| | - Joel D A Tyndall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrea J Vernall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roberts MJ, May LT, Keen AC, Liu B, Lam T, Charlton SJ, Rosethorne EM, Halls ML. Inhibition of the Proliferation of Human Lung Fibroblasts by Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists is Linked to a Sustained cAMP Signal in the Nucleus. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669227. [PMID: 33995100 PMCID: PMC8116805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease, and current treatments are limited by their side effects. Proliferation of human lung fibroblasts in the pulmonary interstitial tissue is a hallmark of this disease and is driven by prolonged ERK signalling in the nucleus in response to growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Agents that increase cAMP have been suggested as alternative therapies, as this second messenger can inhibit the ERK cascade. We previously examined a panel of eight Gαs-cAMP-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) endogenously expressed in human lung fibroblasts. Although the cAMP response was important for the anti-fibrotic effects of GPCR agonists, the magnitude of the acute cAMP response was not predictive of anti-fibrotic efficacy. Here we examined the reason for this apparent disconnect by stimulating the Gαs-coupled prostacyclin receptor and measuring downstream signalling at a sub-cellular level. MRE-269 and treprostinil caused sustained cAMP signalling in the nucleus and complete inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. In contrast, iloprost caused a transient increase in nuclear cAMP, there was no effect of iloprost on PDGF-induced ERK in the nucleus, and this agonist was much less effective at reversing PDGF-induced proliferation. This suggests that sustained elevation of cAMP in the nucleus is necessary for efficient inhibition of PDGF-induced nuclear ERK and fibroblast proliferation. This is an important first step towards understanding of the signalling events that drive GPCR inhibition of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxine J Roberts
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Bonan Liu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Terrance Lam
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - Steven J Charlton
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd., BioCity, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M Rosethorne
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Comeo E, Trinh P, Nguyen AT, Nowell CJ, Kindon ND, Soave M, Stoddart LA, White JM, Hill SJ, Kellam B, Halls ML, May LT, Scammells PJ. Development and Application of Subtype-Selective Fluorescent Antagonists for the Study of the Human Adenosine A 1 Receptor in Living Cells. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6670-6695. [PMID: 33724031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that provides important therapeutic opportunities for a number of conditions including congestive heart failure, tachycardia, and neuropathic pain. The development of A1AR-selective fluorescent ligands will enhance our understanding of the subcellular mechanisms underlying A1AR pharmacology facilitating the development of more efficacious and selective therapies. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and application of a novel series of A1AR-selective fluorescent probes based on 8-functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthine and 3-functionalized 8-(adamant-1-yl) xanthine scaffolds. These fluorescent conjugates allowed quantification of kinetic and equilibrium ligand binding parameters using NanoBRET and visualization of specific receptor distribution patterns in living cells by confocal imaging and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. As such, the novel A1AR-selective fluorescent antagonists described herein can be applied in conjunction with a series of fluorescence-based techniques to foster understanding of A1AR molecular pharmacology and signaling in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Comeo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT and University of Nottingham, Birmingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Phuc Trinh
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Kindon
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT and University of Nottingham, Birmingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Soave
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT and University of Nottingham, Birmingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh A Stoddart
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT and University of Nottingham, Birmingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry and the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT and University of Nottingham, Birmingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Barrie Kellam
- Division of Biomolecular Sciences and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, B15 2TT and University of Nottingham, Birmingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rueda P, Merlin J, Chimenti S, Feletou M, Paysant J, White PJ, Christopoulos A, Sexton PM, Summers RJ, Charman WN, May LT, Langmead CJ. Pharmacological Insights Into Safety and Efficacy Determinants for the Development of Adenosine Receptor Biased Agonists in the Treatment of Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628060. [PMID: 33776771 PMCID: PMC7991592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) are a potential target for cardiac injury treatment due to their cardioprotective/antihypertrophic actions, but drug development has been hampered by on-target side effects such as bradycardia and altered renal hemodynamics. Biased agonism has emerged as an attractive mechanism for A1R-mediated cardioprotection that is haemodynamically safe. Here we investigate the pre-clinical pharmacology, efficacy and side-effect profile of the A1R agonist neladenoson, shown to be safe but ineffective in phase IIb trials for the treatment of heart failure. We compare this agent with the well-characterized, pan-adenosine receptor (AR) agonist NECA, capadenoson, and the A1R biased agonist VCP746, previously shown to be safe and cardioprotective in pre-clinical models of heart failure. We show that like VCP746, neladenoson is biased away from Ca2+ influx relative to NECA and the cAMP pathway at the A1R, a profile predictive of a lack of adenosine-like side effects. Additionally, neladenoson was also biased away from the MAPK pathway at the A1R. In contrast to VCP746, which displays more 'adenosine-like' signaling at the A2BR, neladenoson was a highly selective A1R agonist, with biased, weak agonism at the A2BR. Together these results show that unwanted hemodynamic effects of A1R agonists can be avoided by compounds biased away from Ca2+ influx relative to cAMP, relative to NECA. The failure of neladenoson to reach primary endpoints in clinical trials suggests that A1R-mediated cAMP inhibition may be a poor indicator of effectiveness in chronic heart failure. This study provides additional information that can aid future screening and/or design of improved AR agonists that are safe and efficacious in treating heart failure in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rueda
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefano Chimenti
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Michel Feletou
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Jerome Paysant
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William N Charman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Adenosine modulates many aspects of human physiology and pathophysiology through binding to the adenosine family of G protein-coupled receptors, which are comprised of four subtypes, the A1R, A2AR, A2BR and A3R. Modulation of adenosine receptor function by exogenous agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators can be beneficial for a number of conditions including cardiovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancer. Unfortunately, many preclinical drug candidates targeting adenosine receptors have failed in clinical trials due to limited efficacy and/or severe on-target undesired effects. To overcome the key barriers typically encountered when transitioning adenosine receptor ligands into the clinic, research efforts have focussed on exploiting the phenomenon of biased agonism. Biased agonism provides the opportunity to develop ligands that favour therapeutic signalling pathways, whilst avoiding signalling associated with on-target undesired effects. Recent studies have begun to define the structure-function relationships that underpin adenosine receptor biased agonism and establish how this phenomenon can be harnessed therapeutically. In this review we describe the recent advancements made towards achieving therapeutically relevant biased agonism at adenosine receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M McNeill
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Deora GS, Qin CX, Vecchio EA, Debono AJ, Priebbenow DL, Brady RM, Beveridge J, Teguh SC, Deo M, May LT, Krippner G, Ritchie RH, Baell JB. Substituted Pyridazin-3(2H)-ones as Highly Potent and Biased Formyl Peptide Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5242-5248. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Girdhar Singh Deora
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Vecchio
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Aaron J. Debono
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Priebbenow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ryan M. Brady
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Julia Beveridge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Silvia C. Teguh
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Guy Krippner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sengmany K, Hellyer SD, Albold S, Wang T, Conn PJ, May LT, Christopoulos A, Leach K, Gregory KJ. Kinetic and system bias as drivers of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 allosteric modulator pharmacology. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:83-96. [PMID: 30763654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) have been proposed as potential therapies for various CNS disorders. These ligands bind to sites distinct from the orthosteric (or endogenous) ligand, often with improved subtype selectivity and spatio-temporal control over receptor responses. We recently revealed that mGlu5 allosteric agonists and positive allosteric modulators exhibit biased agonism and/or modulation. To establish whether negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) engender similar bias, we rigorously characterized the pharmacology of eight diverse mGlu5 NAMs. Radioligand inhibition binding studies revealed novel modes of interaction with mGlu5 for select NAMs, with biphasic or incomplete inhibition of the radiolabeled NAM, [3H]methoxy-PEPy. We assessed mGlu5-mediated intracellular Ca2+ (iCa2+) mobilization and inositol phosphate (IP1) accumulation in HEK293A cells stably expressing low levels of mGlu5 (HEK293A-rat mGlu5-low) and mouse embryonic cortical neurons. The apparent affinity of acetylenic NAMs, MPEP, MTEP and dipraglurant, was dependent on the signaling pathway measured, agonist used, and cell type (HEK293A-rat mGlu5-low versus mouse cortical neurons). In contrast, the acetylenic partial NAM, M-5MPEP, and structurally distinct NAMs (VU0366248, VU0366058, fenobam), had similar affinity estimates irrespective of the assay or cellular background. Biased modulation was evident for VU0366248 in mouse cortical neurons where it was a NAM for DHPG-mediated iCa2+ mobilization, but neutral with DHPG in IP1 accumulation assays. Overall, this study highlights the inherent complexity in mGlu5 NAM pharmacology that we hypothesize may influence interpretation when translating into preclinical models and beyond in the design and development of novel therapeutics for neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Sengmany
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shane D Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabine Albold
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Taide Wang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is one of four adenosine receptor subtypes belonging to the Class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Until recently, the A2BAR remained poorly characterised, in part due to its relatively low affinity for the endogenous agonist adenosine and therefore presumed minor physiological significance. However, the substantial increase in extracellular adenosine concentration, the sensitisation of the receptor and the upregulation of A2BAR expression under conditions of hypoxia and inflammation, suggest the A2BAR as an exciting therapeutic target in a variety of pathological disease states. Here we discuss the pharmacology of the A2BAR and outline its role in pathophysiology including ischaemia-reperfusion injury, fibrosis, inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miao Y, Bhattarai A, Nguyen ATN, Christopoulos A, May LT. Structural Basis for Binding of Allosteric Drug Leads in the Adenosine A 1 Receptor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16836. [PMID: 30442899 PMCID: PMC6237911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense interest in designing positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) as selective drugs of the adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), structural binding modes of the receptor PAMs remain unknown. Using the first X-ray structure of the A1AR, we have performed all-atom simulations using a robust Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) technique to determine binding modes of the A1AR allosteric drug leads. Two prototypical PAMs, PD81723 and VCP171, were selected. Each PAM was initially placed at least 20 Å away from the receptor. Extensive GaMD simulations using the AMBER and NAMD simulation packages at different acceleration levels captured spontaneous binding of PAMs to the A1AR. The simulations allowed us to identify low-energy binding modes of the PAMs at an allosteric site formed by the receptor extracellular loop 2 (ECL2), which are highly consistent with mutagenesis experimental data. Furthermore, the PAMs stabilized agonist binding in the receptor. In the absence of PAMs at the ECL2 allosteric site, the agonist sampled a significantly larger conformational space and even dissociated from the A1AR alone. In summary, the GaMD simulations elucidated structural binding modes of the PAMs and provided important insights into allostery in the A1AR, which will greatly facilitate the receptor structure-based drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
| | - Apurba Bhattarai
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liang YL, Zhao P, Draper-Joyce C, Baltos JA, Glukhova A, Truong TT, May LT, Christopoulos A, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Furness SGB. Dominant Negative G Proteins Enhance Formation and Purification of Agonist-GPCR-G Protein Complexes for Structure Determination. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2018; 1:12-20. [PMID: 32219201 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advances in structural biology have yielded exponential growth in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structure solution. Nonetheless, the instability of fully active GPCR complexes with cognate heterotrimeric G proteins has made them elusive. Existing structures have been limited to nanobody-stabilized GPCR:Gs complexes. Here we present methods for enhanced GPCR:G protein complex stabilization via engineering G proteins with reduced nucleotide affinity, limiting Gα:Gβγ dissociation. We illustrate the application of dominant negative G proteins of Gαs and Gαi2 to the purification of stable complexes where this was not possible with wild-type G protein. Active state complexes of adenosine:A1 receptor:Gαi2βγ and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP):CLR:RAMP1:Gαsβγ:Nb35 were purified to homogeneity and were stable in negative stain electron microscopy. These were suitable for structure determination by cryo-electron microscopy at 3.6 and 3.3 Å resolution, respectively. The dominant negative Gα-proteins are thus high value tools for structure determination of agonist:GPCR:G protein complexes that are critical for informed translational drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher Draper-Joyce
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Tin T Truong
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vecchio EA, Baltos JA, Nguyen ATN, Christopoulos A, White PJ, May LT. New paradigms in adenosine receptor pharmacology: allostery, oligomerization and biased agonism. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4036-4046. [PMID: 29679502 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors are a family of GPCRs containing four subtypes (A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 receptors), all of which bind the ubiquitous nucleoside adenosine. These receptors play an important role in physiology and pathophysiology and therefore represent attractive drug targets for a range of conditions. The theoretical framework surrounding drug action at adenosine receptors now extends beyond the notion of prototypical agonism and antagonism to encompass more complex pharmacological concepts. New paradigms include allostery, in which ligands bind a topographically distinct receptor site from that of the endogenous agonist, homomeric or heteromeric interactions across receptor oligomers and biased agonism, that is, ligand-dependent differential intracellular signalling. This review provides a concise overview of allostery, oligomerization and biased agonism at adenosine receptors and outlines how these paradigms may enhance future drug discovery endeavours focussed on the development of novel therapeutic agents acting at adenosine receptors. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gregory KJ, Hellyer SD, Albold S, Leach K, May LT. Co‐activation of adenosine and glutamate receptors modulates signaling in primary brain cell cultures. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.555.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleAustralia
| | - Shane D. Hellyer
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleAustralia
| | - Sabine Albold
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleAustralia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleAustralia
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesParkvilleAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hellyer SD, Albold S, Wang T, Chen ANY, May LT, Leach K, Gregory KJ. “Selective” Class C G Protein-Coupled Receptor Modulators Are Neutral or Biased mGlu5 Allosteric Ligands. Mol Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
22
|
Aurelio L, Baltos JA, Ford L, Nguyen ATN, Jörg M, Devine SM, Valant C, White PJ, Christopoulos A, May LT, Scammells PJ. A Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Bitopic N6-Substituted Adenosine Derivatives as Biased Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2087-2103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aurelio
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Leigh Ford
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anh T. N. Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shane M. Devine
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J. White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qin CX, May LT, Sexton PM, DeBono AJ, Baell JB, Christopoulos A, Ritchie RH. Correspondence: Reply to 'Compound 17b and formyl peptide receptor biased agonism in relation to cardioprotective effects in ischaemia-reperfusion injury'. Nat Commun 2018; 9:530. [PMID: 29416022 PMCID: PMC5803272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue Qin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Aaron J DeBono
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes (Central Clinical School), Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sato M, Evans BA, Sandström AL, Chia LY, Mukaida S, Thai BS, Nguyen A, Lim L, Tan CYR, Baltos JA, White PJ, May LT, Hutchinson DS, Summers RJ, Bengtsson T. α 1A-Adrenoceptors activate mTOR signalling and glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 148:27-40. [PMID: 29175420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of G protein-coupled receptors to modulate mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity is a newly emerging paradigm with the potential to link cell surface receptors with cell survival. Cardiomyocyte viability is linked to signalling pathways involving Akt and mTOR, as well as increased glucose uptake and utilization. Our aim was to determine whether the α1A-adrenoceptor (AR) couples to these protective pathways, and increased glucose uptake. We characterised α1A-AR signalling in CHO-K1 cells co-expressing the human α1A-AR and GLUT4 (CHOα1AGLUT4myc) and in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVM), and measured glucose uptake, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and phosphorylation of mTOR, Akt, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) and S6 ribosomal protein (S6rp). In both systems, noradrenaline and the α1A-AR selective agonist A61603 stimulated glucose uptake by parallel pathways involving mTOR and AMPK, whereas another α1-AR agonist oxymetazoline increased glucose uptake predominantly by mTOR. All agonists promoted phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2448 and Ser2481, indicating activation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, but did not increase Akt phosphorylation. In CHOα1AGLUT4myc cells, siRNA directed against rictor but not raptor suppressed α1A-AR mediated glucose uptake. We have thus identified mTORC2 as a key component in glucose uptake stimulated by α1A-AR agonists. Our findings identify a novel link between the α1A-AR, mTORC2 and glucose uptake, that have been implicated separately in cardiomyocyte survival. Our studies provide an improved framework for examining the utility of α1A-AR selective agonists as tools in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Sato
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anna L Sandström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Saori Mukaida
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bui San Thai
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Linzi Lim
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christina Y R Tan
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Goulding J, May LT, Hill SJ. Characterisation of endogenous A 2A and A 2B receptor-mediated cyclic AMP responses in HEK 293 cells using the GloSensor™ biosensor: Evidence for an allosteric mechanism of action for the A 2B-selective antagonist PSB 603. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 147:55-66. [PMID: 29106905 PMCID: PMC5770336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous adenosine A2B receptors (A2BAR) mediate cAMP accumulation in HEK 293 cells. Here we have used a biosensor to investigate the mechanism of action of the A2BAR antagonist PSB 603 in HEK 293 cells. The A2A agonist CGS 21680 elicited a small response in these cells (circa 20% of that obtained with NECA), suggesting that they also contain a small population of A2A receptors. The responses to NECA and adenosine were antagonised by PSB 603, but not by the selective A2AAR antagonist SCH 58261. In contrast, CGS 21680 responses were not antagonised by high concentrations of PSB 603, but were sensitive to inhibition by SCH 58261. Analysis of the effect of increasing concentrations of PSB 603 on the response to NECA indicated a non-competitive mode of action yielding a marked reduction in the NECA EMAX with no significant effect on EC50 values. Kinetics analysis of the effect of PSB 603 on the A2BAR-mediated NECA responses confirmed a saturable effect that was consistent with an allosteric mode of antagonism. The possibility that PSB 603 acts as a negative allosteric modulator of A2BAR suggests new approaches to the development of therapeutic agents to treat conditions where adenosine levels are high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Goulding
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Lauren T May
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chuo CH, Devine SM, Scammells PJ, Krum H, Christopoulos A, May LT, White PJ, Wang BH. VCP746, a novel A1 adenosine receptor biased agonist, reduces hypertrophy in a rat neonatal cardiac myocyte model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:976-82. [PMID: 27377874 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
VCP746 is a novel A1 adenosine receptor (A1 AR) biased agonist previously shown to be cytoprotective with no effect on heart rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-hypertrophic effect of VCP746 in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NCM). NCM hypertrophy was stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/mL), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10 ng/mL) or Ang II (100 nmol/L) and was assessed by (3) H-leucine incorporation assay. VCP746 significantly inhibited IL-1β-, TNF-α- and Ang II-stimulated NCM hypertrophy as determined by (3) H-leucine incorporation. The anti-hypertrophic effect of VCP746 was also more potent than that of the prototypical A1 AR agonist, N(6) -cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). Further investigation with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay showed that neither CPA nor VCP746 had any effect on cell viability, confirming that the reduction in (3) H-leucine incorporation mediated by CPA and VCP746 was not due to a reduction in cell viability. IL-1β, TNF-α and Ang II were also shown to increase the mRNA expression of hypertrophy biomarkers, ANP, β-MHC and α-SKA in NCM. Treatment with VCP746 at concentrations as low as 1 nmol/L suppressed mRNA expression of ANP, β-MHC and α-SKA stimulated by IL-1β, TNF-α or Ang II, demonstrating the broad mechanistic basis of the potent anti-hypertrophic effect of VCP746. This study has shown that the novel A1 AR agonist, VCP746, is able to attenuate cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. As such, VCP746 is potentially useful as a pharmacological agent in attenuating cardiac remodelling, especially in the post-myocardial infarction setting, given its previously established cytoprotective properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung H Chuo
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Shane M Devine
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Henry Krum
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Bing H Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous molecule with key regulatory and cytoprotective mechanisms at times of metabolic imbalance in the body. Among a plethora of physiological actions, adenosine has an important role in attenuating ischaemia-reperfusion injury and modulating the ensuing fibrosis and tissue remodeling following myocardial damage. Adenosine exerts these actions through interaction with four adenosine G protein-coupled receptors expressed in the heart. The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is the most abundant adenosine receptor (AR) in cardiac fibroblasts and is largely responsible for the influence of adenosine on cardiac fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that acute A2BAR stimulation can decrease fibrosis through the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and reduction in collagen synthesis. However, in contrast, there is also evidence that chronic A2BAR antagonism reduces tissue fibrosis. This review explores the opposing pro- and anti-fibrotic activity attributed to the activation of cardiac ARs and investigates the therapeutic potential of targeting ARs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Glukhova A, Thal DM, Nguyen AT, Vecchio EA, Jörg M, Scammells PJ, May LT, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A. Structure of the Adenosine A1 Receptor Reveals the Basis for Subtype Selectivity. Cell 2017; 168:867-877.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
29
|
Jörg M, Glukhova A, Abdul-Ridha A, Vecchio EA, Nguyen ATN, Sexton PM, White PJ, May LT, Christopoulos A, Scammells PJ. Novel Irreversible Agonists Acting at the A 1 Adenosine Receptor. J Med Chem 2016; 59:11182-11194. [PMID: 27958734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) is an important G protein-coupled receptor that regulates a range of physiological functions. Herein we report the discovery of novel irreversible agonists acting at the A1AR, which have the potential to serve as useful research tools for studying receptor structure and function. A series of novel adenosine derivatives bearing electrophilic substituents was synthesized, and four compounds, 8b, 15a, 15b, and 15d, were shown to possess similar potency and efficacy to the reference high efficacy agonist, NECA, in an assay of ERK1/2 phosphorylation assay. Insensitivity to antagonist addition in a real-time, label-free, xCELLigence assay was subsequently used to identify compounds that likely mediated their agonism through an irreversible interaction with the A1AR. Of these compounds, 15b and 15d were more directly validated as irreversible agonists of the A1AR using membrane-based [3H]DPCPX and [35S]GTPγS binding experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biology, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Alaa Abdul-Ridha
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biology, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biology, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biology, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biology, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biology, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biology, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biology, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nguyen ATN, Baltos JA, Thomas T, Nguyen TD, Muñoz LL, Gregory KJ, White PJ, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, May LT. Extracellular Loop 2 of the Adenosine A1 Receptor Has a Key Role in Orthosteric Ligand Affinity and Agonist Efficacy. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:703-714. [PMID: 27683014 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A1 G protein-coupled receptor (A1AR) is an important therapeutic target implicated in a wide range of cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. Although it is well established that the A1AR orthosteric site is located within the receptor's transmembrane (TM) bundle, prior studies have implicated extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) as having a significant role in contributing to orthosteric ligand affinity and signaling for various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We thus performed extensive alanine scanning mutagenesis of A1AR-ECL2 to explore the role of this domain on A1AR orthosteric ligand pharmacology. Using quantitative analytical approaches and molecular modeling, we identified ECL2 residues that interact either directly or indirectly with orthosteric agonists and antagonists. Discrete mutations proximal to a conserved ECL2-TM3 disulfide bond selectively affected orthosteric ligand affinity, whereas a cluster of five residues near the TM4-ECL2 juncture influenced orthosteric agonist efficacy. A combination of ligand docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and mutagenesis results suggested that the orthosteric agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine binds transiently to an extracellular vestibule formed by ECL2 and the top of TM5 and TM7, prior to entry into the canonical TM bundle orthosteric site. Collectively, this study highlights a key role for ECL2 in A1AR orthosteric ligand binding and receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T N Nguyen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trayder Thomas
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toan D Nguyen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura López Muñoz
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., J.-A.B., T.T., L.L.M, K.J.G, P.J.W, P.M.S, A.C., L.T.M), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N, J.-A.B., K.J.G., P.M.S., A.C., L.T.M), Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nguyen ATN, Vecchio EA, Thomas T, Nguyen TD, Aurelio L, Scammells PJ, White PJ, Sexton PM, Gregory KJ, May LT, Christopoulos A. Role of the Second Extracellular Loop of the Adenosine A1 Receptor on Allosteric Modulator Binding, Signaling, and Cooperativity. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:715-725. [PMID: 27683013 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of adenosine A1 receptors (A1ARs) offers a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of numerous central and peripheral disorders; however, despite decades of research, there is a relative paucity of structural information regarding the A1AR allosteric site and mechanisms governing cooperativity with orthosteric ligands. We combined alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the A1AR second extracellular loop (ECL2) with radioligand binding and functional interaction assays to quantify effects on allosteric ligand affinity, cooperativity, and efficacy. Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed using an A1AR homology model based on an agonist-bound A2AAR structure. Substitution of E172ECL2 for alanine reduced the affinity of the allosteric modulators PD81723 and VCP171 for the unoccupied A1AR. Residues involved in cooperativity with the orthosteric agonist NECA were different in PD81723 and VCP171; positive cooperativity between PD81723 and NECA was reduced on alanine substitution of a number of ECL2 residues, including E170ECL2 and K173ECL2, whereas mutation of W146ECL2 and W156ECL2 decreased VCP171 cooperativity with NECA. Molecular modeling localized a likely allosteric pocket for both modulators to an extracellular vestibule that overlaps with a region used by orthosteric ligands as they transit into the canonical A1AR orthosteric site. MD simulations confirmed a key interaction between E172ECL2 and both modulators. Bound PD81723 is flanked by another residue, E170ECL2, which forms hydrogen bonds with adjacent K168ECL2 and K173ECL2. Collectively, our data suggest E172ECL2 is a key allosteric ligand-binding determinant, whereas hydrogen-bonding networks within the extracellular vestibule may facilitate the transmission of cooperativity between orthosteric and allosteric sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T N Nguyen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trayder Thomas
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toan D Nguyen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luigi Aurelio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., T.T., L.A., P.J.S., P.J.W., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C.), Monash e-Research Centre (T.D.N.), and Department of Pharmacology (A.T.N.N., E.A.V., P.M.S., K.J.G., L.T.M., A.C), Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
See Hoe LE, May LT, Headrick JP, Peart JN. Sarcolemmal dependence of cardiac protection and stress-resistance: roles in aged or diseased hearts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2966-91. [PMID: 27439627 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the sarcolemmal membrane is a defining feature of oncotic death in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), and its molecular makeup not only fundamentally governs this process but also affects multiple determinants of both myocardial I-R injury and responsiveness to cardioprotective stimuli. Beyond the influences of membrane lipids on the cytoprotective (and death) receptors intimately embedded within this bilayer, myocardial ionic homeostasis, substrate metabolism, intercellular communication and electrical conduction are all sensitive to sarcolemmal makeup, and critical to outcomes from I-R. As will be outlined in this review, these crucial sarcolemmal dependencies may underlie not only the negative effects of age and common co-morbidities on myocardial ischaemic tolerance but also the on-going challenge of implementing efficacious cardioprotection in patients suffering accidental or surgically induced I-R. We review evidence for the involvement of sarcolemmal makeup changes in the impairment of stress-resistance and cardioprotection observed with ageing and highly prevalent co-morbid conditions including diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia. A greater understanding of membrane changes with age/disease, and the inter-dependences of ischaemic tolerance and cardioprotection on sarcolemmal makeup, can facilitate the development of strategies to preserve membrane integrity and cell viability, and advance the challenging goal of implementing efficacious 'cardioprotection' in clinically relevant patient cohorts. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise E See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vecchio EA, Chuo CH, Baltos JA, Ford L, Scammells PJ, Wang BH, Christopoulos A, White PJ, May LT. The hybrid molecule, VCP746, is a potent adenosine A2B receptor agonist that stimulates anti-fibrotic signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 117:46-56. [PMID: 27520486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have recently described the rationally-designed adenosine receptor agonist, 4-(5-amino-4-benzoyl-3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-N-(6-(9-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxylmethyl)tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino)hexyl)benzamide (VCP746), a hybrid molecule consisting of an adenosine moiety linked to an adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) allosteric modulator moiety. At the A1AR, VCP746 mediated cardioprotection in the absence of haemodynamic side effects such as bradycardia. The current study has now identified VCP746 as an important pharmacological tool for the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR). The binding and function of VCP746 at the A2BAR was rigorously characterised in a heterologous expression system, in addition to examination of its anti-fibrotic signalling in cardiac- and renal-derived cells. In FlpInCHO cells stably expressing the human A2BAR, VCP746 was a high affinity, high potency A2BAR agonist that stimulated Gs- and Gq-mediated signal transduction, with an apparent lack of system bias relative to prototypical A2BAR agonists. The distinct agonist profile may result from an atypical binding mode of VCP746 at the A2BAR, which was consistent with a bivalent mechanism of receptor interaction. In isolated neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NCF), VCP746 stimulated potent inhibition of both TGF-β1- and angiotensin II-mediated collagen synthesis. Similar attenuation of TGF-β1-mediated collagen synthesis was observed in renal mesangial cells (RMC). The anti-fibrotic signalling mediated by VCP746 in NCF and RMC was selectively reversed in the presence of an A2BAR antagonist. Thus, we believe, VCP746 represents an important tool to further investigate the role of the A2BAR in cardiac (patho)physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Chung Hui Chuo
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Leigh Ford
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Bing H Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baltos JA, Paoletta S, Nguyen ATN, Gregory KJ, Tosh DK, Christopoulos A, Jacobson KA, May LT. Structure-Activity Analysis of Biased Agonism at the Human Adenosine A3 Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:12-22. [PMID: 27136943 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biased agonism at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has significant implications for current drug discovery, but molecular determinants that govern ligand bias remain largely unknown. The adenosine A3 GPCR (A3AR) is a potential therapeutic target for various conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and ischemia, but for which biased agonism remains largely unexplored. We now report the generation of bias "fingerprints" for prototypical ribose containing A3AR agonists and rigidified (N)-methanocarba 5'-N-methyluronamide nucleoside derivatives with regard to their ability to mediate different signaling pathways. Relative to the reference prototypical agonist IB-MECA, (N)-methanocarba 5'-N-methyluronamide nucleoside derivatives with significant N(6) or C2 modifications, including elongated aryl-ethynyl groups, exhibited biased agonism. Significant positive correlation was observed between the C2 substituent length (in Å) and bias toward cell survival. Molecular modeling suggests that extended C2 substituents on (N)-methanocarba 5'-N-methyluronamide nucleosides promote a progressive outward shift of the A3AR transmembrane domain 2, which may contribute to the subset of A3AR conformations stabilized on biased agonist binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.-A.B., A.T.N.N., K.J.G., A.C., L.T.M); and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.P., D.K.T., K.A.J)
| | - Silvia Paoletta
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.-A.B., A.T.N.N., K.J.G., A.C., L.T.M); and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.P., D.K.T., K.A.J)
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.-A.B., A.T.N.N., K.J.G., A.C., L.T.M); and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.P., D.K.T., K.A.J)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.-A.B., A.T.N.N., K.J.G., A.C., L.T.M); and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.P., D.K.T., K.A.J)
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.-A.B., A.T.N.N., K.J.G., A.C., L.T.M); and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.P., D.K.T., K.A.J)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.-A.B., A.T.N.N., K.J.G., A.C., L.T.M); and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.P., D.K.T., K.A.J)
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.-A.B., A.T.N.N., K.J.G., A.C., L.T.M); and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.P., D.K.T., K.A.J)
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (J.-A.B., A.T.N.N., K.J.G., A.C., L.T.M); and Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.P., D.K.T., K.A.J)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vecchio EA, Tan CYR, Gregory KJ, Christopoulos A, White PJ, May LT. Ligand-Independent Adenosine A2B Receptor Constitutive Activity as a Promoter of Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:36-44. [PMID: 26791603 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant ligand-independent G protein-coupled receptor constitutive activity has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of cancers. The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is dynamically upregulated under pathologic conditions associated with a hypoxic microenvironment, including solid tumors. This, in turn, may amplify ligand-independent A2BAR signal transduction. The contribution of A2BAR constitutive activity to disease progression is currently unknown yet of fundamental importance, as the preferred therapeutic modality for drugs designed to reduce A2BAR constitutive activity would be inverse agonism as opposed to neutral antagonism. The current study investigated A2BAR constitutive activity in a heterologous expression system and a native 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cell line exposed to hypoxic conditions (2% O2). The A2BAR inverse agonists, ZM241385 [4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol] or PSB-603 (8-(4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazide-1-sulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylxanthine), mediated a concentration-dependent decrease in baseline cAMP levels in both cellular systems. Proliferation of multiple prostate cancer cell lines was also attenuated in the presence of PSB-603. Importantly, both the decrease in baseline cAMP accumulation and the reduction of proliferation were not influenced by the addition of adenosine deaminase, demonstrating that these effects are not dependent on stimulation of A2BARs by the endogenous agonist adenosine. Our study is the first to reveal that wild-type human A2BARs have high constitutive activity in both model and native cells. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that this ligand-independent A2BAR constitutive activity is sufficient to promote prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro. More broadly, A2BAR constitutive activity may have wider, currently unappreciated implications in pathologic conditions associated with a hypoxic microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Y R Tan
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Imlach WL, Bhola RF, May LT, Christopoulos A, Christie MJ. A Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Adenosine A1 Receptor Selectively Inhibits Primary Afferent Synaptic Transmission in a Neuropathic Pain Model. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:460-8. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
37
|
Gherbi K, May LT, Baker JG, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. Negative cooperativity across β1-adrenoceptor homodimers provides insights into the nature of the secondary low-affinity CGP 12177 β1-adrenoceptor binding conformation. FASEB J 2015; 29:2859-71. [PMID: 25837585 PMCID: PMC4478806 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
At the β1-adrenoceptor, CGP 12177 potently antagonizes agonist responses at the primary high-affinity catecholamine conformation while also exerting agonist effects of its own through a secondary low-affinity conformation. A recent mutagenesis study identified transmembrane region (TM)4 of the β1-adrenoceptor as key for this low-affinity conformation. Others suggested that TM4 has a role in β1-adrenoceptor oligomerization. Here, assessment of the dissociation rate of a fluorescent analog of CGP 12177 [bordifluoropyrromethane-tetramethylrhodamine-(±)CGP 12177 (BODIPY-TMR-CGP)] at the human β1-adrenoceptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells revealed negative cooperative interactions between 2 distinct β1-adrenoceptor conformations. The dissociation rate of 3 nM BODIPY-TMR-CGP was 0.09 ± 0.01 min−1 in the absence of competitor ligands, and this was enhanced 2.2- and 2.1-fold in the presence of 1 µM CGP 12177 and 1 µM propranolol, respectively. These effects on the BODIPY-TMR-CGP dissociation rate were markedly enhanced in β1-adrenoceptor homodimers constrained by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (9.8- and 9.9-fold for 1 µM CGP 12177 and 1 µM propranolol, respectively) and abolished in β1-adrenoceptors containing TM4 mutations vital for the second conformation pharmacology. This study suggests that negative cooperativity across a β1-adrenoceptor homodimer may be responsible for generating the low-affinity pharmacology of the secondary β1-adrenoceptor conformation.—Gherbi, K., May, L. T., Baker, J. G., Briddon, S. J., Hill, S. J. Negative cooperativity across β1-adrenoceptor homodimers provides insights into the nature of the secondary low-affinity CGP 12177 β1-adrenoceptor binding conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gherbi
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren T May
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian G Baker
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jörg M, May LT, Mak FS, Lee KCK, Miller ND, Scammells PJ, Capuano B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of dual acting ligands targeting the adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors for the potential treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Med Chem 2014; 58:718-38. [PMID: 25490054 DOI: 10.1021/jm501254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A relatively new strategy in drug discovery is the development of dual acting ligands. These molecules are potentially able to interact at two orthosteric binding sites of a heterodimer simultaneously, possibly resulting in enhanced subtype selectivity, higher affinity, enhanced or modified physiological response, and reduced reliance on multiple drug administration regimens. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a series of classical heterobivalent ligands as well as a series of more integrated and "drug-like" dual acting molecules, incorporating ropinirole as a dopamine D2 receptor agonist and ZM 241385 as an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist. The best compounds of our series maintained the potency of the original pharmacophores at both receptors (adenosine A2A and dopamine D2). In addition, the integrated dual acting ligands also showed promising results in preliminary blood-brain barrier permeability tests, whereas the classical heterobivalent ligands are potentially more suited as pharmacological tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Jörg
- Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hill SJ, May LT, Kellam B, Woolard J. Allosteric interactions at adenosine A(1) and A(3) receptors: new insights into the role of small molecules and receptor dimerization. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1102-13. [PMID: 24024783 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purine nucleoside adenosine is present in all cells in tightly regulated concentrations. It is released under a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions to facilitate protection and regeneration of tissues. Adenosine acts via specific GPCRs to either stimulate cyclic AMP formation, as exemplified by Gs -protein-coupled adenosine receptors (A2A and A2B ), or inhibit AC activity, in the case of Gi/o -coupled adenosine receptors (A1 and A3 ). Recent advances in our understanding of GPCR structure have provided insights into the conformational changes that occur during receptor activation following binding of agonists to orthosteric (i.e. at the same binding site as an endogenous modulator) and allosteric regulators to allosteric sites (i.e. at a site that is topographically distinct from the endogenous modulator). Binding of drugs to allosteric sites may lead to changes in affinity or efficacy, and affords considerable potential for increased selectivity in new drug development. Herein, we provide an overview of the properties of selective allosteric regulators of the adenosine A1 and A3 receptors, focusing on the impact of receptor dimerization, mechanistic approaches to single-cell ligand-binding kinetics and the effects of A1 - and A3 -receptor allosteric modulators on in vivo pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Hill
- Cell Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Valant C, May LT, Aurelio L, Chuo CH, White PJ, Baltos JA, Sexton PM, Scammells PJ, Christopoulos A. Separation of on-target efficacy from adverse effects through rational design of a bitopic adenosine receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4614-9. [PMID: 24619092 PMCID: PMC3970544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1320962111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The concepts of allosteric modulation and biased agonism are revolutionizing modern approaches to drug discovery, particularly in the field of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Both phenomena exploit topographically distinct binding sites to promote unique GPCR conformations that can lead to different patterns of cellular responsiveness. The adenosine A1 GPCR (A1AR) is a major therapeutic target for cardioprotection, but current agents acting on the receptor are clinically limited for this indication because of on-target bradycardia as a serious adverse effect. In the current study, we have rationally designed a novel A1AR ligand (VCP746)--a hybrid molecule comprising adenosine linked to a positive allosteric modulator--specifically to engender biased signaling at the A1AR. We validate that the interaction of VCP746 with the A1AR is consistent with a bitopic mode of receptor engagement (i.e., concomitant association with orthosteric and allosteric sites) and that the compound displays biased agonism relative to prototypical A1AR ligands. Importantly, we also show that the unique pharmacology of VCP746 is (patho)physiologically relevant, because the compound protects against ischemic insult in native A1AR-expressing cardiomyoblasts and cardiomyocytes but does not affect rat atrial heart rate. Thus, this study provides proof of concept that bitopic ligands can be designed as biased agonists to promote on-target efficacy without on-target side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Luigi Aurelio
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Chung Hui Chuo
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Paul J. White
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology and
| | | | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Devine SM, May LT, Scammells PJ. Design, synthesis and evaluation of N6-substituted 2-aminoadenosine-5′-N-methylcarboxamides as A3 adenosine receptor agonists. Med Chem Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00364g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of N6-substituted 2-aminoadenosine-5′-N-methylcarboxamides were synthesized from the versatile intermediate, O6-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-2-amino-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneinosine-5′-N-methylcarboxamide (1) and evaluated as A3 adenosine receptor agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wootten D, Savage EE, Valant C, May LT, Sloop KW, Ficorilli J, Showalter AD, Willard FS, Christopoulos A, Sexton PM. Allosteric modulation of endogenous metabolites as an avenue for drug discovery. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:281-90. [PMID: 22576254 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.079319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors and a key drug target class. Recently, allosteric drugs that can co-bind with and modulate the activity of the endogenous ligand(s) for the receptor have become a major focus of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry for the development of novel GPCR therapeutic agents. This class of drugs has distinct properties compared with drugs targeting the endogenous (orthosteric) ligand-binding site that include the ability to sculpt cellular signaling and to respond differently in the presence of discrete orthosteric ligands, a behavior termed "probe dependence." Here, using cell signaling assays combined with ex vivo and in vivo studies of insulin secretion, we demonstrate that allosteric ligands can cause marked potentiation of previously "inert" metabolic products of neurotransmitters and peptide hormones, a novel consequence of the phenomenon of probe dependence. Indeed, at the muscarinic M(2) receptor and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor, allosteric potentiation of the metabolites, choline and GLP-1(9-36)NH(2), respectively, was ~100-fold and up to 200-fold greater than that seen with the physiological signaling molecules acetylcholine and GLP-1(7-36)NH(2). Modulation of GLP-1(9-36)NH(2) was also demonstrated in ex vivo and in vivo assays of insulin secretion. This work opens up new avenues for allosteric drug discovery by directly targeting modulation of metabolites, but it also identifies a behavior that could contribute to unexpected clinical outcomes if interaction of allosteric drugs with metabolites is not part of their preclinical assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hill SJ, Williams C, May LT. Insights into GPCR pharmacology from the measurement of changes in intracellular cyclic AMP; advantages and pitfalls of differing methodologies. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 161:1266-75. [PMID: 21049583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is clear that the G protein-coupled receptor family play a key role in the pharmaceutical industry, with a significant proportion of approved drugs targeting this protein class. While our growing understanding of the complexity of G protein-coupled receptor pharmacology is playing a key role in the future success of these endeavours, with allosteric mechanisms now well integrated into the industrial community and G protein-independent signalling mechanisms establishing themselves as novel phenomenon to be exploited, it is still possible to underestimate the complexity of G protein signal transduction mechanisms and the impact that inappropriate study of these mechanisms can have on data interpretation. In this manuscript we review different approaches to measuring the cAMP signal transduction pathway, with particular emphasis on key parameters influencing the data quality and biological relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Hill
- Institute of Cell Signalling, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
May LT, Bridge LJ, Stoddart LA, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. Allosteric interactions across native adenosine-A3 receptor homodimers: quantification using single-cell ligand-binding kinetics. FASEB J 2011; 25:3465-76. [PMID: 21715680 PMCID: PMC3177574 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-186296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A growing awareness indicates that many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist as homodimers, but the extent of the cooperativity across the dimer interface has been largely unexplored. Here, measurement of the dissociation kinetics of a fluorescent agonist (ABA-X-BY630) from the human A1 or A3 adenosine receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells has provided evidence for highly cooperative interactions between protomers of the A3-receptor dimer in single living cells. In the absence of competitive ligands, the dissociation rate constants of ABA-X-BY630 from A1 and A3 receptors were 1.45 ± 0.05 and 0.57 ± 0.07 min−1, respectively. At the A3 receptor, this could be markedly increased by both orthosteric agonists and antagonists [15-, 9-, and 19-fold for xanthine amine congener (XAC), 5′-(N-ethyl carboxamido)adenosine (NECA), and adenosine, respectively] and reduced by coexpression of a nonbinding (N250A) A3-receptor mutant. The changes in ABA-X-BY630 dissociation were much lower at the A1 receptor (1.5-, 1.4-, and 1.5-fold). Analysis of the pEC50 values of XAC, NECA, and adenosine for the ABA-X-BY630-occupied A3-receptor dimer yielded values of 6.0 ± 0.1, 5.9 ± 0.1, and 5.2 ± 0.1, respectively. This study provides new insight into the spatial and temporal specificity of drug action that can be provided by allosteric modulation across a GPCR homodimeric interface.—May, L. T., Bridge, L. J., Stoddart, L. A., Briddon, S. J., Hill, S. J. Allosteric interactions across native adenosine-A3 receptor homodimers: quantification using single-cell ligand-binding kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T May
- Institute of Cell Signalling, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, NG7 2UH
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
May LT, Self TJ, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. The effect of allosteric modulators on the kinetics of agonist-G protein-coupled receptor interactions in single living cells. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78:511-23. [PMID: 20571079 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.064493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric binding sites on adenosine -A(1) and -A(3) receptors represent attractive therapeutic targets for amplifying, in a spatially and temporally selective manner, the tissue protective actions of endogenous adenosine. This study has directly quantified the kinetics of agonist/G protein-coupled receptor interactions at the single-cell level, reflecting the physiological situation in which intracellular signaling proteins can exert major allosteric effects on agonist-receptor interactions. The association and dissociation rate constants at both A(1) and A(3) receptors, and therefore the affinity of the fluorescent adenosine derivative ABA-X-BY630 (structure appears in J Med Chem 50:782-793, 2007), were concentration-independent. The equilibrium dissociation constants of ABA-X-BY630 at A(1) and A(3) receptors were approximately 50 and 10 nM, respectively, suggesting that, even in live cells, low agonist concentrations predominantly detect high-affinity receptor states. At A(1) receptors, the dissociation of ABA-X-BY630 (30 nM) was significantly faster in the absence (k(off) = 1.95 +/- 0.09 min(-1)) compared with the presence of the allosteric enhancer (2-amino-4,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-methanone (PD81,723; 10 microM; k(off) = 0.80 +/- 0.03 min(-1)) and allosteric inhibitor 4-methoxy-N-(7-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-1-isoquinolinyl)benzamide (VUF5455; 1 microM; k(off) = 1.48 +/- 0.16 min(-1)). In contrast, ABA-X-BY630 dissociation from A(3) receptors was significantly slower in the absence (k(off) = 0.78 +/- 0.18 min(-1)) than in the presence of the allosteric inhibitors VUF5455 (1 microM; k(off) = 3.15 +/- 0.12 min(-1)) and PD81,723 (10 microM; k(off) = 2.46 +/- 0.18 min(-1)). An allosteric mechanism of action has previously not been identified for PD81,723 at the A(3) receptor or VUF5455 at the A(1) receptor. Furthermore, the marked enhancement in fluorescent agonist dissociation by VUF5455 in living cells contrasts previous observations from broken cell preparations and emphasizes the need to study the allosteric regulation of agonist binding in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T May
- The Institute of Cell Signalling, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Baker JG, Middleton R, Adams L, May LT, Briddon SJ, Kellam B, Hill SJ. Influence of fluorophore and linker composition on the pharmacology of fluorescent adenosine A1 receptor ligands. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:772-86. [PMID: 20105183 PMCID: PMC2829203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The introduction of fluorescence-based techniques, and in particular the development of fluorescent ligands, has allowed the study of G protein-coupled receptor pharmacology at the single cell and single molecule level. This study evaluated how the physicochemical nature of the linker and the fluorophore affected the pharmacological properties of fluorescent agonists and antagonists. Experimental approach: Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing the human adenosine A1 receptor and a cyclic 3′,5′ adenosine monophosphate response element-secreted placental alkaline phosphatase (CRE-SPAP) reporter gene, together with whole cell [3H]-8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) radioligand binding, were used to evaluate the pharmacological properties of a range of fluorescent ligands based on the antagonist xanthine amine congener (XAC) and the agonist 5′ (N-ethylcarboxamido) adenosine (NECA). Key results: Derivatives of NECA and XAC with different fluorophores, but equivalent linker length, showed significant differences in their binding properties to the adenosine A1 receptor. The BODIPY 630/650 derivatives had the highest affinity. Linker length also affected the pharmacological properties, depending on the fluorophore used. Particularly in fluorescent agonists, higher agonist potency could be achieved with large or small linkers for dansyl and BODIPY 630/650 derivatives, respectively. Conclusions and implications: The pharmacology of a fluorescent ligand was critically influenced by both the fluorophore and the associated linker. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that the physicochemical properties of the fluorophore/linker pairing determine where in the environment of the target receptor the fluorophore is placed, and this, together with the environmental sensitivity of the resulting fluorescence, may finally decide its utility as a fluorescent probe. This article is part of a themed section on Imaging in Pharmacology. To view the editorial for this themed section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00685.x
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian G Baker
- Institute of Cell Signalling, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
May LT, Briddon SJ, Hill SJ. Antagonist selective modulation of adenosine A1 and A3 receptor pharmacology by the food dye Brilliant Black BN: evidence for allosteric interactions. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:678-86. [PMID: 20086038 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.063065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric binding sites on the adenosine receptor family represent potential therapeutic targets for a number of conditions involving metabolic stress. This study has identified Brilliant Black BN as a novel allosteric modulator of the adenosine A(1) and A(3) receptors. In addition to being a food dye and pharmaceutical excipient, Brilliant Black BN is commonly used within calcium mobilization assays to quench extracellular fluorescence. Brilliant Black BN (5-500 microM) had no significant effect on the calcium mobilization stimulated by the nonselective adenosine receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the human adenosine A(1) or A(3) receptor. Likewise, calcium mobilization and radioligand binding assays found that Brilliant Black BN (5-500 microM) did not significantly influence the antagonism mediated by 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (100 nM) at the A(1) receptor. In contrast, the affinity of N-[9-chloro-2-(2-furanyl)[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-yl]benzene acetamide (MRS1220) at the A(3) receptor and xanthine amine congener (XAC) and XAC-X-BY630 at the A(1) and A(3) receptors was significantly decreased in the presence of 500 muM Brilliant Black BN. A reduction in XAC potency at the A(1) and A(3) receptor was achieved within 1 min of Brilliant Black BN addition, despite receptors having been pre-equilibrated with antagonist. Dissociation kinetics of the fluorescent XAC derivative, XAC-X-BY630, revealed that the decrease in affinity is probably due to a significant increase in dissociation rate of the antagonist in the presence of Brilliant Black BN. Taken together, these results suggest that Brilliant Black BN can act allosterically to modify ligand affinity at A(1) and A(3) receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L T May
- Institute of Cell Signaling, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
May LT, Hill SJ. ERK phosphorylation: spatial and temporal regulation by G protein-coupled receptors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:2013-7. [PMID: 18502166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a major target in the drug discovery process. One important response that results from activation of a wide range of GPCRs is activation of the ERK signalling cascade. Given the abundance of both upstream activators and downstream targets of ERK1/2, the precise spatiotemporal control of ERK1/2 phosphorylation is crucial for maintaining the specificity of the physiological outcome. ERK activity is regulated via a number of mechanisms including compartmentalisation and scaffolding proteins. These scaffolding proteins can enhance the transduction of a specific signalling pathway by targeting pathway components to particular intracellular locations or signalling complexes. Recently, a number of fluorescent indicators of ERK1/2 phosphorylation have been developed that allow the regulation of this pathway to be investigated with greater spatiotemporal resolution than was previously possible. These fluorescent probes in conjunction with those for other signalling cascades should help unravel the spatiotemporal organisation of this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T May
- Institute of Cell Signalling, School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
May LT, Avlani VA, Langmead CJ, Herdon HJ, Wood MD, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A. Structure-Function Studies of Allosteric Agonism at M2Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72:463-76. [PMID: 17525129 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.037630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) possesses at least one binding site for allosteric modulators that is dependent on the residues (172)EDGE(175), Tyr(177), and Thr(423). However, the contribution of these residues to actions of allosteric agonists, as opposed to modulators, is unknown. We created mutant M2 mAChRs in which the charge of the (172)EDGE(175) sequence had been neutralized and each Tyr(177) and Thr(423) was substituted with alanine. Radioligand binding experiments revealed that these mutations had a profound inhibitory effect on the prototypical modulators gallamine, alcuronium, and heptane-1,7-bis-[dimethyl-3'-phthalimidopropyl]-ammonium bromide (C7/3-phth) but minimal effects on the orthosteric antagonist [3H]N-methyl scopolamine. In contrast, the allosteric agonists 4-I-[3-chlorophenyl]carbamoyloxy)-2-butynyltrimethylammnonium chloride (McN-A-343), 4-n-butyl-1-[4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl] piperidine hydrogen chloride (AC-42), and the novel AC-42 derivative 1-[3-(4-butyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (77-LH-28-1) demonstrated an increased affinity or proportion of high-affinity sites at the combined EDGE-YT mutation, indicating a different mode of binding to the prototypical modulators. Subsequent functional assays of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and guanosine 5'-(gamma-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPgammaS) binding revealed minimal effects of the mutations on the orthosteric agonists acetylcholine (ACh) and pilocarpine but a significant increase in the efficacy of McN-A-343 and potency of 77-LH-28-1. Additional mutagenesis experiments found that these effects were predominantly mediated by Tyr(177) and Thr(423), rather than the (172)EDGE(175) sequence. The functional interaction between each of the allosteric agonists and ACh was characterized by high negative cooperativity but was consistent with an increased allosteric agonist affinity at the combined EDGE-YT mutant M2 mAChR. This study has thus revealed a differential role of critical allosteric site residues on the binding and function of allosteric agonists versus allosteric modulators of M2 mAChRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a significant growth in the identification of allosteric modulators of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), i.e., ligands that interact with binding sites that are topographically distinct from the orthosteric site recognized by the receptor's endogenous agonist. Because of their ability to modulate receptor conformations in the presence of orthosteric ligand, allosteric modulators can "fine-tune" classical pharmacological responses. This is advantageous in terms of a potential for engendering greater GPCR subtype-selectivity, but represents a significant challenge for detecting and validating allosteric behaviors. Although allosteric sites need not have evolved to accommodate endogenous ligands, there are a number of examples of where such modulators have been shown to contribute to physiological or pathophysiological processes. Studies are also beginning to unravel the structural basis of allosteric modulation of GPCRs. It remains to be determined whether such modulation represents interactions within monomers versus across dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T May
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|