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Zhao G, Chen T, Tang A, Yang H. Roles of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups in Carbon for Electrocatalytic Two-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Chemistry 2024:e202304065. [PMID: 38487973 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed great research interests in developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the two-electron (2e-) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that enables the sustainable and flexible synthesis of H2O2. Carbon-based electrocatalysts exhibit attractive catalytic performance for the 2e- ORR, where oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs) play a decisive role. However, current understanding is far from adequate, and the contribution of OFGs to the catalytic performance remains controversial. Therefore, a critical overview on OFGs in carbon-based electrocatalysts toward the 2e- ORR is highly desirable. Herein, we go over the methods for constructing OFGs in carbon including chemical oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, and precursor inheritance. Then we review the roles of OFGs in activating carbon toward the 2e- ORR, focusing on the intrinsic activity of different OFGs and the interplay between OFGs and metal species or defects. At last, we discuss the reasons for inconsistencies among different studies, and personal perspectives on the future development in this field are provided. The results provide insights into the origin of high catalytic activity and selectivity of carbon-based electrocatalysts toward the 2e- ORR and would provide theoretical foundations for the future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianci Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Aidong Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Huaming Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Mineral Materials and Application, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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Saadi S, Makhlouf C, Nacer NE, Halima B, Faiza A, Kahina H, Wahiba F, Afaf K, Rabah K, Saoudi Z. Whey proteins as multifunctional food materials: Recent advancements in hydrolysis, separation, and peptidomimetic approaches. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13288. [PMID: 38284584 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Whey protein derived bioactives, including α-lactalbumin, ß-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, lactoferrin, transferrin, and proteose-peptones, have exhibited wide ranges of functional, biological and therapeutic properties varying from anticancer, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial effects. In addition, their functional properties involve gelling, emulsifying, and foaming abilities. For these reasons, this review article is framed to understand the relationship existed in between those compound levels and structures with their main functional, biological, and therapeutic properties exhibited either in vitro or in vivo. The impacts of hydrolysis mechanism and separation techniques in enhancing those properties are likewise discussed. Furthermore, special emphasize is given to multifunctional effects of whey derived bioactives and their future trends in ameliorating further food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical products. The underlying mechanism effects of those properties are still remained unclear in terms of activity levels, efficacy, and targeted effectiveness. For these reasons, some important models linking to functional properties, thermal properties and cell circumstances are established. Moreover, the coexistence of radical trapping groups, chelating groups, sulfhydryl groups, inhibitory groups, and peptide bonds seemed to be the key elements in triggering those functions and properties. Practical Application: Whey proteins are the byproducts of cheese processing and usually the exploitation of these food waste products has increasingly getting acceptance in many countries, especially European countries. Whey proteins share comparable nutritive values to milk products, particularly on their richness on important proteins that can serve immune protection, structural, and energetic roles. The nutritive profile of whey proteins shows diverse type of bioactive molecules like α-lactalbumin, ß-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, transferrin, immunoglobulin, and proteose peptones with wide biological importance to the living system, such as in maintaining immunological, neuronal, and signaling roles. The diversification of proteins of whey products prompted scientists to exploit the real mechanisms behind of their biological and therapeutic effects, especially in declining the risk of cancer, tumor, and further complications like diabetes type 2 and hypertension risk effects. For these reasons, profiling these types of proteins using different proteomic and peptidomic approaches helps in determining their biological and therapeutic targets along with their release into gastrointestinal tract conditions and their bioavailabilities into portal circulation, tissue, and organs. The wide applicability of those protein fractions and their derivative bioactive products showed significant impacts in the field of emulsion and double emulsion stabilization by playing roles as emulsifying, surfactant, stabilizing, and foaming agents. Their amphoteric properties helped them to act as excellent encapsulating agents, particularly as vehicle for delivering important vitamins and bioactive compounds. The presence of ferric elements increased their transportation to several metal-ions in the same time increased their scavenging effects to metal-transition and peroxidation of lipids. Their richness with almost essential and nonessential amino acids makes them as selective microbial starters, in addition their richness in sulfhydryl amino acids allowed them to act a cross-linker in conjugating further biomolecules. For instance, conjugating gold-nanoparticles and fluorescent materials in targeting diseases like cancer and tumors in vivo is considered the cutting-edges strategies for these versatile molecules due to their active diffusion across-cell membrane and the presence of specific transporters to these therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Saadi
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Chaalal Makhlouf
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Quality, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Nor Elhouda Nacer
- Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
| | - Boughellout Halima
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Adoui Faiza
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hafid Kahina
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Equipe MaQuaV, Laboratoire Bioqual INATAA, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Falek Wahiba
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kheroufi Afaf
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kezih Rabah
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Quality, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zineddine Saoudi
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
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Hernandez CC, Hu N, Shen W, Macdonald RL. Epileptic Encephalopathy GABRB Structural Variants Share Common Gating and Trafficking Defects. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1790. [PMID: 38136660 PMCID: PMC10741827 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the GABRB gene, which encodes the β subunit of the GABAA receptor, have been implicated in various epileptic encephalopathies and related neurodevelopmental disorders such as Dravet syndrome and Angelman syndrome. These conditions are often associated with early-onset seizures, developmental regression, and cognitive impairments. The severity and specific features of these encephalopathies can differ based on the nature of the genetic variant and its impact on GABAA receptor function. These variants can lead to dysfunction in GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, resulting in an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition that contributes to the development of seizures. Here, 13 de novo EE-associated GABRB variants, occurring as missense mutations, were analyzed to determine their impact on protein stability and flexibility, channel function, and receptor biogenesis. Our results showed that all mutations studied significantly impact the protein structure, altering protein stability, flexibility, and function to varying degrees. Variants mapped to the GABA-binding domain, coupling zone, and pore domain significantly impact the protein structure, modifying the β+/α- interface of the receptor and altering channel activation and receptor trafficking. Our study proposes that the extent of loss or gain of GABAA receptor function can be elucidated by identifying the specific structural domain impacted by mutation and assessing the variability in receptor structural dynamics. This paves the way for future studies to explore and uncover links between the incidence of a variant in the receptor topology and the severity of the related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciria C. Hernandez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ningning Hu
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (N.H.); (W.S.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (N.H.); (W.S.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Robert L. Macdonald
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (N.H.); (W.S.); (R.L.M.)
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Kumar P, Campbell P, Vaddavalli PK, Hull CC, Bharadwaj SR. Structure-Function Relationship in Keratoconus: Spatial and Depth Vision. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 38149965 PMCID: PMC10756247 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine changes in spatial and depth vision with increasing severity of keratoconus and to model the structure-function relationship to identify distinct phases of loss in visual function with disease severity. Methods Best-spectacle corrected, monocular high-contrast visual acuity, contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and stereoacuity of 155 cases (16-31 years) with mild to advanced bilateral keratoconus was determined using standard psychophysical tests. Disease severity was quantified using the multimetric D-index. The structure-function relationship was modeled using linear, positive exponential, negative exponential, and logistic nonlinear regression equations. Results The logistic regression model explained the highest proportion of variance for spatial vision, without bias in the residual plots (R2 ≥ 66%, P < 0.001). Visual acuity showed a distinct ceiling phase and a steeper loss rate with increasing D-index (1.8 units/D-index) in this model. The area under the CSF lacked this ceiling phase and had a shallower loss rate (0.28 units/D-index). Stereoacuity loss with D-index was poorly explained by all models tested (P ≤ 0.2). Cases with lower and bilaterally symmetric D-index had better stereoacuity (181.6-376 arc seconds) than those with higher D-index (>400 arc second); both were significantly poorer than controls (approximately 30 arc second). Conclusions Vision loss in keratoconus varies with the visual function parameter tested. Contrast sensitivity may be an earlier indicator of spatial vision loss than visual acuity. Depth perception is significantly deteriorated from very early stages of the disease. Translational Relevance The study outcomes may be used to forecast longitudinal vision loss in keratoconus and to apply appropriate interventions for timely preservation/enhancement of vulnerable visual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetam Kumar
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom
- Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Peter Campbell
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pravin K. Vaddavalli
- The Shantilal Sanghvi Cornea Institute, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Christopher C. Hull
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shrikant R. Bharadwaj
- Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Xu SY, Zhou L, Xu Y, Hong HY, Dai C, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Recent advances in structure-based enzyme engineering for functional reconstruction. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3427-3445. [PMID: 37638646 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Structural information can help engineer enzymes. Usually, specific amino acids in particular regions are targeted for functional reconstruction to enhance the catalytic performance, including activity, stereoselectivity, and thermostability. Appropriate selection of target sites is the key to structure-based design, which requires elucidation of the structure-function relationships. Here, we summarize the mutations of residues in different specific regions, including active center, access tunnels, and flexible loops, on fine-tuning the catalytic performance of enzymes, and discuss the effects of altering the local structural environment on the functions. In addition, we keep up with the recent progress of structure-based approaches for enzyme engineering, aiming to provide some guidance on how to take advantage of the structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Yue Hong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Gonzalez JP, Frandsen KEH, Kesten C. The role of intrinsic disorder in binding of plant microtubule-associated proteins to the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:404-436. [PMID: 37578201 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) represent one of the main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and support numerous critical cellular functions. MTs are in principle tube-like structures that can grow and shrink in a highly dynamic manner; a process largely controlled by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Plant MAPs are a phylogenetically diverse group of proteins that nonetheless share many common biophysical characteristics and often contain large stretches of intrinsic protein disorder. These intrinsically disordered regions are determinants of many MAP-MT interactions, in which structural flexibility enables low-affinity protein-protein interactions that enable a fine-tuned regulation of MT cytoskeleton dynamics. Notably, intrinsic disorder is one of the major obstacles in functional and structural studies of MAPs and represents the principal present-day challenge to decipher how MAPs interact with MTs. Here, we review plant MAPs from an intrinsic protein disorder perspective, by providing a complete and up-to-date summary of all currently known members, and address the current and future challenges in functional and structural characterization of MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Perez Gonzalez
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Kesten
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Sun LMP, To ACY. Inexpensive DIY Bioprinting in a Secondary School Setting. J Microbiol Biol Educ 2023; 24:e00124-22. [PMID: 37614896 PMCID: PMC10443303 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00124-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a technique that allows custom printing of cell-laden tissue using the principle of three-dimensional (3D) printing. The technique has various applications, ranging from tissue engineering to materials science. Bioprinting is an attractive topic for science, technology, engineering, and math education due to its novelty and interdisciplinary nature. Nonetheless, a basic commercial bioprinter could cost several thousand U.S. dollars. There have been attempts to construct low-cost do-it-yourself bioprinters for research purpose. However, those methods required expertise, uncommon reagents, and professional equipment, making it difficult for teachers and students in secondary schools to replicate. Here, we demonstrate how teachers and students in a secondary school can convert a 3D printer into a bioprinter for conducting a hands-on bioprinting activity using secondary school-available resources. Briefly, an open-source Creality Ender 3 V2 3D printer in a school was converted into a bioprinter using 3D-printed parts and other readily available materials. Cell-laden bioink and support medium were made using school-available reagents. The bioprinter can be easily constructed and operated by teachers and students who do not have prior knowledge in coding and engineering. We used the bioprinter to print a coronary artery model and an algae-laden artificial leaf. The photosynthetic activity of the artificial leaf could be observed and investigated using a hydrogen carbonate indicator. The work described in this paper could make bioprinting available, comprehensible, and enjoyable to secondary school students, opening a door for inexpensive innovative teaching and learning activities using bioprinting in secondary schools.
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Nguyen ATN, Tran QL, Baltos JA, McNeill SM, Nguyen DTN, May LT. Small molecule allosteric modulation of the adenosine A 1 receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184360. [PMID: 37435481 PMCID: PMC10331460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the target for approximately a third of FDA-approved small molecule drugs. The adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), one of four adenosine GPCR subtypes, has important (patho)physiological roles in humans. A1R has well-established roles in the regulation of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, where it has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for a number of conditions, including cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, cognition, epilepsy, and neuropathic pain. A1R small molecule drugs, typically orthosteric ligands, have undergone clinical trials. To date, none have progressed into the clinic, predominantly due to dose-limiting unwanted effects. The development of A1R allosteric modulators that target a topographically distinct binding site represent a promising approach to overcome current limitations. Pharmacological parameters of allosteric ligands, including affinity, efficacy and cooperativity, can be optimized to regulate A1R activity with high subtype, spatial and temporal selectivity. This review aims to offer insights into the A1R as a potential therapeutic target and highlight recent advances in the structural understanding of A1R allosteric modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T. N. Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Quan L. Tran
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha M. McNeill
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diep T. N. Nguyen
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Castro TG, Melle-Franco M, Sousa CEA, Cavaco-Paulo A, Marcos JC. Non-Canonical Amino Acids as Building Blocks for Peptidomimetics: Structure, Function, and Applications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:981. [PMID: 37371561 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a fresh overview of non-canonical amino acids and their applications in the design of peptidomimetics. Non-canonical amino acids appear widely distributed in nature and are known to enhance the stability of specific secondary structures and/or biological function. Contrary to the ubiquitous DNA-encoded amino acids, the structure and function of these residues are not fully understood. Here, results from experimental and molecular modelling approaches are gathered to classify several classes of non-canonical amino acids according to their ability to induce specific secondary structures yielding different biological functions and improved stability. Regarding side-chain modifications, symmetrical and asymmetrical α,α-dialkyl glycines, Cα to Cα cyclized amino acids, proline analogues, β-substituted amino acids, and α,β-dehydro amino acids are some of the non-canonical representatives addressed. Backbone modifications were also examined, especially those that result in retro-inverso peptidomimetics and depsipeptides. All this knowledge has an important application in the field of peptidomimetics, which is in continuous progress and promises to deliver new biologically active molecules and new materials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarsila G Castro
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cristina E A Sousa
- BioMark Sensor Research-School of Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João C Marcos
- Centre of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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10
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Hsieh TB, Jin JP. Evolution and function of calponin and transgelin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1206147. [PMID: 37363722 PMCID: PMC10285543 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calponin and transgelin (originally named SM22) are homologous cytoskeleton proteins that regulate actin-activated myosin motor functions in smooth muscle contraction and non-muscle cell motility during adhesion, migration, proliferation, phagocytosis, wound healing, and inflammatory responses. They are abundant cytoskeleton proteins present in multiple cell types whereas their physiological functions remain to be fully established. This focused review summarizes the evolution of genes encoding calponin and transgelin and their isoforms and discusses the structural similarity and divergence in vertebrate and invertebrate species in the context of functions in regulating cell motility. As the first literature review focusing on the evolution of the calponin-transgelin family of proteins in relevance to their structure-function relationship, the goal is to outline a foundation of current knowledge for continued investigations to understand the biological functions of calponin and transgelin in various cell types during physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Bou Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - J.-P. Jin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Chen Z, Shemuelian E, Wollstein G, Wang Y, Ishikawa H, Schuman JS. Segmentation-Free OCT-Volume-Based Deep Learning Model Improves Pointwise Visual Field Sensitivity Estimation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:28. [PMID: 37382575 PMCID: PMC10318595 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.6.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The structural changes measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) are related to functional changes in visual fields (VFs). This study aims to accurately assess the structure-function relationship and overcome the challenges brought by the minimal measurable level (floor effect) of segmentation-dependent OCT measurements commonly used in prior studies. Methods We developed a deep learning model to estimate the functional performance directly from three-dimensional (3D) OCT volumes and compared it to the model trained with segmentation-dependent two-dimensional (2D) OCT thickness maps. Moreover, we proposed a gradient loss to utilize the spatial information of VFs. Results Our 3D model was significantly better than the 2D model both globally and pointwise regarding both mean absolute error (MAE = 3.11 + 3.54 vs. 3.47 ± 3.75 dB, P < 0.001) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.80 vs. 0.75, P < 0.001). On a subset of test data with floor effects, the 3D model showed less influence from floor effects than the 2D model (MAE = 5.24 ± 3.99 vs. 6.34 ± 4.58 dB, P < 0.001, and correlation 0.83 vs. 0.74, P < 0.001). The gradient loss improved the estimation error for low-sensitivity values. Furthermore, our 3D model outperformed all prior studies. Conclusions By providing a better quantitative model to encapsulate the structure-function relationship more accurately, our method may help deriving VF test surrogates. Translational Relevance DL-based VF surrogates not only benefit patients by reducing the testing time of VFs but also allow clinicians to make clinical judgments without the inherent limitations of VFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Eitan Shemuelian
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, NYU College of Arts and Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joel S. Schuman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, NYU College of Arts and Sciences, New York, NY, USA
- Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Ghosh D. Structures and Functions of Human Placental Aromatase and Steroid Sulfatase, Two Key Enzymes in Estrogen Biosynthesis. Steroids 2023; 196:109249. [PMID: 37207843 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 aromatase (AROM) and steroid sulfatase (STS) are the two key enzymes for the biosynthesis of estrogens in human, and maintenance of the critical balance between androgens and estrogens. Human AROM, an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily. It is the only enzyme to catalyze the conversion of androgens with non-aromatic A-rings to estrogens characterized by the aromatic A-ring. Human STS, also an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, is a Ca2+-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sulfate esters of estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone to the unconjugated steroids, the precursors of the most potent forms of estrogens and androgens, namely, 17β-estradiol, 16α,17β-estriol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Expression of these steroidogenic enzymes locally within organs and tissues of the endocrine, reproductive, and central nervous systems is the key for maintaining high levels of the reproductive steroids. The enzymes have been drug targets for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with steroid hormone excesses, especially in breast, endometrial and prostate malignancies. Both enzymes have been the subjects of vigorous research for the past six decades. In this article, we review the important findings on their structure-function relationships, specifically, the work that began with unravelling of the closely guarded secrets, namely, the 3-D structures, active sites, mechanisms of action, origins of substrate specificity and the basis of membrane integration. Remarkably, these studies were conducted on the enzymes purified in their pristine forms from human placenta, the discarded and their most abundant source. The purification, assay, crystallization, and structure determination methodologies are described. Also reviewed are their functional quaternary organizations, post-translational modifications and the advancements made in the structure-guided inhibitor design efforts. Outstanding questions that still remain open are summarized in closing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210.
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13
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Slezina MP, Odintsova TI. Plant Antimicrobial Peptides: Insights into Structure-Function Relationships for Practical Applications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3674-3704. [PMID: 37185763 PMCID: PMC10136942 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short polypeptide molecules produced by multicellular organisms that are involved in host defense and microbiome preservation. In recent years, AMPs have attracted attention as novel drug candidates. However, their successful use requires detailed knowledge of the mode of action and identification of the determinants of biological activity. In this review, we focused on structure-function relationships in the thionins, α-hairpinins, hevein-like peptides, and the unique Ib-AMP peptides isolated from Impatiens balsamina. We summarized the available data on the amino acid sequences and 3D structure of peptides, their biosynthesis, and their biological activity. Special attention was paid to the determination of residues that play a key role in the activity and the identification of the minimal active cores. We have shown that even subtle changes in amino acid sequences can affect the biological activity of AMPs, which opens up the possibility of creating molecules with improved properties, better therapeutic efficacy, and cheaper large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Slezina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, 119333 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Li H, Jin B, Wang Y, Deng B, Wang D, Tang BZ. As Fiber Meets with AIE: Opening a Wonderland for Smart Flexible Materials. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2210085. [PMID: 36479736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have recently been developed at a tremendous pace in the area of organic luminescent materials by virtue of their superior properties. However, the practical applications of AIEgens still face the challenge of transforming AIEgens from molecules into materials. Till now, many AIEgens have been integrated into fiber, endowing the fiber with prominent fluorescence and/or photosensitizing capacities. AIEgens and fiber complement each other for making progress in flexible smart materials, in which the utilization of AIEgens creates new application possibilities for fiber, and the fiber provides an excellent carrier for AIEgens towards realizing the conversion from molecule to materials and an ideal platform to research the aggregate state of AIEgens in mesoscale and macroscale. This review begins with a brief summary of the recent advances related to some typical AIEgens with various functions and the technology for the fabrication of AIEgen-functionalized fiber. The most representative applications are then highlighted by focusing on energy conversion, personal protective equipment, biomedical, sensor, and fluorescence-related fields. Finally, the challenges, opportunities, and tendencies in future development are discussed in detail. This review hopes to inspire innovation in AIEgens and fiber from the view of mesoscale and macroscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Ministry of Education), Nonwoven Technology Laboratory, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Bingqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Ministry of Education), Nonwoven Technology Laboratory, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yuanwei Wang
- Centre for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, P. R. China
| | - Bingyao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Ministry of Education), Nonwoven Technology Laboratory, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Centre for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
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15
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Le Moigne A, Randegger F, Gupta A, Petchey OL, Pernthaler J. Stochasticity causes high β-diversity and functional divergence of bacterial assemblages in closed systems. Ecology 2023; 104:e4005. [PMID: 36807130 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Stochasticity is a major cause of compositional β-diversity in communities that develop under similar environmental conditions. Such communities may exhibit functional similarity due to sympatric taxa with equivalent metabolic capacities in the source assemblage. However, the redundancy of individual physiological traits may differ in the original source community, which in turn might lead to more or less pronounced variability of single functions among newly formed communities. We analyzed the degree of stochasticity during the primary assembly of bacterial communities originating from the same source and growing under identical conditions. We tested the links between community composition and functioning in parallel microcosms containing glucose and its dimer cellobiose. Bacteria from prefiltered lake water were diluted in artificial lake water and grown to the stationary phase. The resulting assemblages exhibited high compositional variability of taxa that were rare in the source communities. Simulations showed that the observed richness and incidence-based β-diversity could be reproduced by dispersal limitation, or by low dispersal rates associated with the ecological drift of the colonizers. Further null model analysis supported an important influence of stochasticity, as well as a synergy between dispersal limitation and both, heterogeneous and homogeneous selection. The communities functionally differed and the magnitude of functional variability depended on the substrate: more communities consumed glucose than cellobiose. However, there was no relationship between community structure and growth kinetics or substrate consumption. Thus, both structural and functional variability may be a consequence of stochastic processes during initial colonization in closed microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Le Moigne
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Florian Randegger
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
| | - Anubhav Gupta
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Owen L Petchey
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Pernthaler
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Kilchberg, Switzerland
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16
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Zhao J, Wang J, Zheng X, Wang H, Zhang J, Ding J, Han X, Deng Y, Hu W. Activating RuOCo Interaction on the a-Co(OH) 2 @Ru Interface for Accelerating the Volmer Step of Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution. Small Methods 2023; 7:e2201362. [PMID: 36604996 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts in acid electrolytes generally lose considerable catalytic performance in alkaline electrolytes mainly due to the additional water dissociation step. Designing composite materials is an effective strategy to accelerate alkaline water electrolysis by optimizing the electronic structure of materials. Here, different phases of Co(OH)2 -supported Ru clusters (α/β-Co(OH)2 @Ru) are prepared for enabling a highly efficient electrocatalytic HER performance in alkaline solution. The prepared α-Co(OH)2 nanosheets facilitate the loading of uniform and high-density Ru clusters and the formed highly active RuOCo bonds at the interface. The synergistic interaction endows the hybrid catalyst with low overpotential of 33 mV at 10 mA cm-2 . Moreover, the homemade anion exchange membrane water electrolysis cell based on α-Co(OH)2 @Ru affords a cell voltage of 2 V to drive a current density of 270 mA cm-2 and performs stably during continuous operation for over 100 h. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that active RuOCo bonds in α-Co(OH)2 @Ru optimize the energy barriers for H2 O dissociation and OH- desorption to facilitate the Volmer reaction step. This work offers a strategy for designing interfacial chemical bonds for high electrocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuerong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Haozhi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yida Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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17
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Chernikov IV, Ponomareva UA, Chernolovskaya EL. Structural Modifications of siRNA Improve Its Performance In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in the clinic gives a wide range of possibilities for the treatment of previously incurable diseases. However, the main limitation for biomedical applications is their delivery to target cells and organs. Currently, delivery of siRNA to liver cells is a solved problem due to the bioconjugation of siRNA with N-acetylgalactosamine; other organs remain challenging for siRNA delivery to them. Despite the important role of the ligand in the composition of the bioconjugate, the structure and molecular weight of siRNA also play an important role in the delivery of siRNA. The basic principle is that siRNAs with smaller molecular weights are more efficient at entering cells, whereas siRNAs with larger molecular weights have advantages at the organism level. Here we review the relationships between siRNA structure and its biodistribution and activity to find new strategies for improving siRNA performance.
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18
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Matowane GR, Ramorobi LM, Mashele SS, Bonnet SL, Noreljaleel AEM, Swain SS, Makhafola TJ, Chukwuma CI. Novel Caffeic Acid - Zinc Acetate Complex: Studies on Promising Antidiabetic and Antioxidative Synergism Through Complexation. Med Chem 2023; 19:147-162. [PMID: 35726433 DOI: 10.2174/1573406418666220620144601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of Zn(II) in storage, insulin secretion and function has been documented, while plant phenolics have antioxidant and other pharmacological credence. OBJECTIVE The study aimed at synthesizing a novel medicinal Zn(II) complex. The medicinal properties of zinc(II) and caffeic acid were considered in synthesizing a novel complex with promising and improved antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic attributes. METHODS Complex synthesis was done using a 1:2 molar ratio of zinc acetate and caffeic acid and structurally characterized using NMR, FT-IR, high resolution-mass spectroscopy and HPLC. Its cellular toxicity was assessed in Chang liver cells and L-myotubes. In vitro, cellular, and isolated tissue models were used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic properties of the complex relative to its precursors. Molecular docking was used to investigate the interaction with insulin signalling target proteins: GLUT-4 and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB). RESULTS Zinc(II) and caffeic acid interacted via Zn:O4 coordination, with the complex having one moiety of Zn(II) and 2 moieties of caffeic acid. The complex showed in vitro radical scavenging, α- glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity up to 2.6 folds stronger than caffeic acid. The ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 26.4 μM) and GSH depletion (IC50 = 16.8 μM) in hepatocytes was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 24.5 and 29.2 μM) and about 2 folds stronger than caffeic acid. Complexation improved glucose uptake activity of caffeic acid in L-6 myotubes (EC50 = 23.4 versus 169 μM) and isolated rat muscle tissues (EC50 = 339 versus 603 μM). Molecular docking showed better interaction with insulin signalling target proteins (GLUT-4 and Akt/PKB) than caffeic acid. The complex was not hepatotoxic or myotoxic. CONCLUSION Data suggest a synergistic antioxidant and anti-hyperglycaemic potential between zinc and caffeic acid, which could be attributed to the Zn:O4 coordination. Thus, it may be of medicinal relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey R Matowane
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa.,Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa
| | - Limpho M Ramorobi
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa.,Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa
| | - Samson S Mashele
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa.,Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa
| | - Susanna L Bonnet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anwar E M Noreljaleel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology & NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Tshepiso J Makhafola
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Centre for Quality of Health and Living (CQHL), Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, Free State, South Africa
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19
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Slezina MP, Istomina EA, Korostyleva TV, Odintsova TI. The γ-Core Motif Peptides of Plant AMPs as Novel Antimicrobials for Medicine and Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010483. [PMID: 36613926 PMCID: PMC9820530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-core motif is a structural element shared by most host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which is supposed to contribute to their antimicrobial properties. In this review, we summarized the available data on the γ-core peptides of plant AMPs. We describe γ-core peptides that have been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against plant and human bacterial and fungal pathogens that make them attractive scaffolds for the development of novel anti-infective agents. Their advantages include origin from natural AMP sequences, broad-spectrum and potent inhibitory activity, and cost-effective production. In addition, some γ-core peptides combine antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions, thus broadening the spectrum of practical applications. Some act synergistically with antimycotics and fungicides, so combinations of peptides with conventionally used antifungal agents can be suggested as an effective strategy to reduce the doses of potentially harmful chemicals. The presented information will pave the way for the design of novel antimicrobials on the basis of γ-core motif peptides, which can find application in medicine and the protection of crops from diseases.
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20
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Andriotis OG, Nalbach M, Thurner PJ. Mechanics of isolated individual collagen fibrils. Acta Biomater 2022; 163:35-49. [PMID: 36509398 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are the fundamental structural elements in vertebrate animals and compose a framework that provides mechanical support to load-bearing tissues. Understanding how these fibrils initially form and mechanically function has been the focus of a myriad of detailed investigations over the last few decades. From these studies a great amount of knowledge has been acquired as well as a number of new questions to consider. In this review, we examine the current state of our knowledge of the mechanical properties of extant fibrils. We emphasize on the mechanical response and related deformation of collagen fibrils upon tension, which is the predominant load imposed in most collagen-rich tissues. We also illuminate the gaps in knowledge originating from the intriguing results that the field is still trying to interpret. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Collagen is the result of millions of years of biological evolution and is a unique family of proteins, the majority of which provide mechanical support to biological tissues. Cells produce collagen molecules that self-assemble into larger structures, known as collagen fibrils. As simple as they appear under an optical microscope, collagen fibrils display a complex ultrastructural architecture tuned to the external forces that are imposed upon them. Even more complex is the way collagen fibrils deform under loading, and the nature of the mechanisms that drive their formation in the first place. Here, we present a cogent synthesis of the state-of-knowledge of collagen fibril mechanics. We focus on the information we have from in vitro experiments on individual, isolated from tissues, collagen fibrils and the knowledge available from in silico tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis G Andriotis
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, A-1060, Austria
| | - Mathis Nalbach
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, A-1060, Austria
| | - Philipp J Thurner
- Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, A-1060, Austria.
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21
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Stapley V, Anderson RS, Saunders K, Mulholland PJ. Examining the concordance of retinal ganglion cell counts generated using measures of structure and function. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2022; 42:1338-1352. [PMID: 36065739 PMCID: PMC9826349 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are several indirect methods used to estimate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count in an individual eye, but there is limited information as to the agreement between these methods. In this work, RGC receptive field (RGC-RF) count underlying a spot stimulus (0.43°, Goldmann III) was calculated and compared using three different methods. METHODS RGC-RF count was calculated at a retinal eccentricity of 2.32 mm for 44 healthy adult participants (aged 18-58 years, refractive error -9.75 DS to +1.75 DS) using: (i) functional measures of achromatic peripheral grating resolution acuity (PGRA), (ii) structural measures of RGC-layer thickness (OCT-model, based on the method outlined by Raza and Hood) and (iii) scaling published histology density data to simulate a global expansion in myopia (Histology-Balloon). RESULTS Whilst average RGC-RF counts from the OCT-model (median 105.3, IQR 99.6-111.0) and the Histology-Balloon model (median 107.5, IQR 97.7-114.6) were similar, PGRA estimates were approximately 65% lower (median 37.7, IQR 33.8-46.0). However, there was poor agreement between all three methods (Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement; PGRA/OCT: 55.4; PGRA/Histology-Balloon 59.3; OCT/Histology-Balloon: 52.4). High intersubject variability in RGC-RF count was evident using all three methods. CONCLUSIONS The lower PGRA RGC-RF counts may be the result of targeting only a specific subset of functional RGCs, as opposed to the coarser approach of the OCT-model and Histology-Balloon, which include all RGCs, and also likely displaced amacrine cells. In the absence of a 'ground truth', direct measure of RGC-RF count, it is not possible to determine which method is most accurate, and each has limitations. However, what is clear is the poor agreement found between the methods prevents direct comparison of RGC-RF counts between studies utilising different methodologies and highlights the need to utilise the same method in longitudinal work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stapley
- Centre for Optometry & Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research InstituteUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - Roger S. Anderson
- Centre for Optometry & Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research InstituteUlster UniversityColeraineUK,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Kathryn Saunders
- Centre for Optometry & Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research InstituteUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - Pádraig J. Mulholland
- Centre for Optometry & Vision Science, Biomedical Sciences Research InstituteUlster UniversityColeraineUK,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
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22
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Yuan Y, He Z, Ju Q, Zhao S, Wu C, Hu Y, Zhou S, Luan G. The role of the extension region on the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the α-subunit of β-conglycinin: implications of pH value and ionic strength. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:6062-6070. [PMID: 35462432 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify the role of the extension region on the structure-functional relationship of the α-subunit of β-conglycinin, α-subunit and its segment of the core region (αc-subunit) were expressed via an Escherichia coli system. Their physicochemical properties were compared under acid, neutral or alkaline conditions (pH 4.0, 7.0, and 8.0) and high or low ionic strength (μ = 0.05 and 0.5), respectively. RESULTS The results showed that the extension region contributed to increasing thermal stability, especially at low ionic strength under acidic and neutral conditions. The extension region stabilized the α-subunit with high solubility, low turbidity, and small particle size under neutral and alkaline conditions, whereas these impacts were suppressed at a high ionic strength and acidic conditions. Surface hydrophobicity of the α-subunit decreased under acidic and alkaline conditions without being interfered with by ionic strength. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the extension region played different roles under different pH and ionic strength conditions. These factors should be specified carefully and speculated individually to explore the more detailed and profound nature of β-conglycinin at the submolecular level. The results could benefit a better understanding of the relationship between domain structure and functions of soybean protein. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zijie He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sibo Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yayun Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuyi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guangzhong Luan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
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23
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Smith LJ, Schulman LA, Smith S, Van Lieshout L, Barnes CM, Behmoiras L, Scarpitti M, Kivaa M, Duong KL, Benard LO, Ellsworth JL, Avila N, Faulkner D, Hayes A, Lotterhand J, Rivas JI, Sengooba AV, Tzianabos A, Seymour AB, Francone OL. Natural variations in AAVHSC16 significantly reduce liver tropism and maintain broad distribution to periphery and CNS. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:224-238. [PMID: 35859693 PMCID: PMC9287613 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viruses derived from human hematopoietic stem cells (AAVHSCs) are naturally occurring AAVs. Fifteen AAVHSCs have demonstrated broad biodistribution while displaying differences in transduction. We examine the structure-function relationships of these natural amino acid variations on cellular binding. We demonstrate that AAVHSC16 is the only AAVHSC that does not preferentially bind to terminal galactose. AAVHSC16 contains two unique amino acids, 501I and 706C, compared with other AAVHSCs. Through mutagenesis, we determined that residue 501 contributes to the lack of galactose binding. Structural analysis revealed that residue 501 is in proximity to the galactose binding pocket, hence confirming its functional role in galactose binding. Biodistribution analysis of AAVHSC16 indicated significantly less liver tropism in mice and non-human primates compared with other clade F members, likely associated with overall binding differences observed in vitro. AAVHSC16 maintained robust tropism to other key tissues in the peripheral and central nervous systems after intravenous injection, including to the brain, heart, and gastrocnemius. Importantly, AAVHSC16 did not induce elevated liver enzyme levels in non-human primates after intravenous injection at high doses. The unique glycan binding and tropism of AAVHSC16 makes this naturally occurring capsid an attractive candidate for therapies requiring less liver tropism while maintaining broad biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Smith
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | | | - Samantha Smith
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | | | - Carmen M Barnes
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Liana Behmoiras
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Meghan Scarpitti
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Monicah Kivaa
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Khanh L Duong
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Ludo O Benard
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Jeff L Ellsworth
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Nancy Avila
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Deiby Faulkner
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - April Hayes
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Jason Lotterhand
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | | | | | - Alec Tzianabos
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Albert B Seymour
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
| | - Omar L Francone
- Homology Medicines, Inc., 1 Patriots Park, Bedford, MA 01730, USA
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24
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Abstract
Hierarchically porous metals possess intriguing high accessibility of matter molecules and unique continuous metallic frameworks, as well as a high level of exposed active atoms. High rates of diffusion and fast energy transfer have been important and challenging goals of hierarchical design and porosity control with nanostructured metals. This review aims to summarize recent important progress toward the development of hierarchically porous metals, with special emphasis on synthetic strategies, hierarchical design in structure-function and corresponding applications. The current challenges and future prospects in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ying
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologySun Yat‐sen University (SYSU)Zhuhai519082P. R. China
| | - Silvia Lenaerts
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy and Air Purification (DuEL), Department of Bioscience EngineeringUniversity of AntwerpGroenenborgerlaan 171Antwerp2020Belgium
| | - Mark D. Symes
- WestCHEM, School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom
| | - Xiao‐Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070P. R. China
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
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25
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Xiao M, Jia X, Wang N, Kang J, Hu X, Goff HD, Cui SW, Ding H, Guo Q. Therapeutic potential of non-starch polysaccharides on type 2 diabetes: from hypoglycemic mechanism to clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1177-1210. [PMID: 36036965 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) have been reported to exert therapeutic potential on managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Various mechanisms have been proposed; however, several studies have not considered the correlations between the anti-T2DM activity of NSPs and their molecular structure. Moreover, the current understanding of the role of NSPs in T2DM treatment is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo data, and more human clinical trials are required to verify the actual efficacy in treating T2DM. The related anti-T2DM mechanisms of NSPs, including regulating insulin action, promoting glucose metabolism and regulating postprandial blood glucose level, anti-inflammatory and regulating gut microbiota (GM), are reviewed. The structure-function relationships are summarized, and the relationships between NSPs structure and anti-T2DM activity from clinical trials are highlighted. The development of anti-T2DM medication or dietary supplements of NSPs could be promoted with an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects in the treatment/intervention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Nifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering & Nutrition Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Steve W Cui
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qingbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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26
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Sun L, Liang X, Duan D, Liu J, Chen Y, Wang X, Liao X, Xia M, Zhao T, He Y. Structural insight into the individual variability architecture of the functional brain connectome. Neuroimage 2022; 259:119387. [PMID: 35752416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cognition and behaviors depend upon the brain's functional connectomes, which vary remarkably across individuals. However, whether and how the functional connectome individual variability architecture is structurally constrained remains largely unknown. Using tractography- and morphometry-based network models, we observed the spatial convergence of structural and functional connectome individual variability, with higher variability in heteromodal association regions and lower variability in primary regions. We demonstrated that functional variability is significantly predicted by a unifying structural variability pattern and that this prediction follows a primary-to-heteromodal hierarchical axis, with higher accuracy in primary regions and lower accuracy in heteromodal regions. We further decomposed group-level connectome variability patterns into individual unique contributions and uncovered the structural-functional correspondence that is associated with individual cognitive traits. These results advance our understanding of the structural basis of individual functional variability and suggest the importance of integrating multimodal connectome signatures for individual differences in cognition and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianglong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinyuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dingna Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xindi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuhong Liao
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tengda Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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27
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Pätz C, Console-Meyer L, Felmy F. Structural arrangement of auditory brainstem nuclei in the bats Phyllostomus discolor and Carollia perspicillata. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2762-2781. [PMID: 35703441 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the mammalian auditory brainstem is evolutionarily highly plastic, and distinct nuclei arrange in a species-dependent manner. Such anatomical variability is present in the superior olivary complex (SOC) and the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus (LL). Due to the structure-function relationship in the auditory brainstem, the identification of individual nuclei supports the understanding of sound processing. Here, we comparatively describe the nucleus arrangement and the expression of functional markers in the auditory brainstem of the two bat species Phyllostomus discolor and Carollia perspicillata. Using immunofluorescent labeling, we describe the arrangement and identity of the SOC and LL nuclei based on the expression of synaptic markers (vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and glycine transporter 2), calcium-binding proteins, as well as the voltage-gated ion channel subunits Kv1.1 and HCN1. The distribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic labeling appears similar between both species and matches with that of other mammals. The detection of calcium-binding proteins indicates species-dependent differences and deviations from other mammals. Kv1.1 and HCN1 show largely the same expression pattern in both species, which diverges from other mammals, indicating functional adaptations in the cellular physiology of bat neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pätz
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Console-Meyer
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Felmy
- Institute of Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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28
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Zhao Z, Chen S, Xu L, Cai J, Wang J, Wang Y. Structural Basis for the Regiospecificity of a Lipase from Streptomyces sp. W007. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 35628632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency and accuracy of the synthesis of structural lipids are closely related to the regiospecificity of lipases. Understanding the structural mechanism of their regiospecificity contributes to the regiospecific redesign of lipases for meeting the technological innovation needs. Here, we used a thermostable lipase from Streptomyces sp. W007 (MAS1), which has been recently reported to show great potential in industry, to gain an insight into the structural basis of its regiospecificity by molecular modelling and mutagenesis experiments. The results indicated that increasing the steric hindrance of the site for binding a non-reactive carbonyl group of TAGs could transform the non-specific MAS1 to a α-specific lipase, such as the mutants G40E, G40F, G40Q, G40R, G40W, G40Y, N45Y, H108W and T237Y (PSI > 80). In addition, altering the local polarity of the site as well as the conformational stability of its composing residues could also impact the regiospecificity. Our present study could not only aid the rational design of the regiospecificity of lipases, but open avenues of exploration for further industrial applications of lipases.
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29
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Zhang Q, Lei H, Guo H, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhang W, Cao R. Through-Space Electrostatic Effects of Positively Charged Substituents on the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200086. [PMID: 35156337 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of various structural components on energy-related small molecule activation is of fundamental and practical significance. Herein the inhibition effect of positively charged substituents on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was reported. With the use of Cu porphyrins 1-5 containing different numbers and locations of positively charged substituents, it was demonstrated that their electrocatalytic HER activities significantly decreased when more cationic units were located close to the Cu ion: the icat /ip (icat is the catalytic peak current, ip is the one-electron reduction peak current) value decreased from 38 with zero cationic unit to 15 with four closely located cationic units. Inspired by this result, Cu porphyrin 6, with four meso-phenyl groups each bearing a negatively charged para-sulfonic substituent, was designed. With these anionic units, 6 outperformed the other Cu porphyrins for electrocatalytic HER under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yabo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yimei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
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30
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Hao Y, Wang J, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Franco OL. Editorial: Antimicrobial Peptides: Molecular Design, Structure-Function Relationship, and Biosynthesis Optimization. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:888540. [PMID: 35495692 PMCID: PMC9040076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.888540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hao
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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31
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Wu J, Han X, Ye M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhong Q. Exopolysaccharides synthesized by lactic acid bacteria: biosynthesis pathway, structure-function relationship, structural modification and applicability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7043-7064. [PMID: 35213280 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2043822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics and their fermentation products are increasingly been focused on due to their health-boosting effects. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthetized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely applied as texture modifiers in dairy, meat and bakery products owning to their improved properties. Moreover, LAB-derived EPS have been confirmed to possess diverse physiological bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-biofilm, antiviral, immune-regulatory or antitumor. However, the low production and high acquisition cost hinder their development. Even though LAB-derived EPS have been extensively studied for their production-improving, there are only few reports on the systematic elucidation and summary of the relationship among biosynthesis pathway, strain selection, production parameter, structure-function relationship. Therefore, a detailed summary on biosynthesis pathway, production parameter and structure-function relationship of LAB-derived EPS is provided in this review, the structural modifications together with the current and potential applications are also discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangpeng Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizhi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Mardani M, Yeganehzad S, Niazmand R. Structure-function relationship of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract-xanthan/guar gum mixture in a high sugar content system. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:1056-1065. [PMID: 34312850 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foam-gels are one of the most important multicomponent-model systems in aerated confectionery, and an investigation of their microstructure is desirable. In this research, the structure-function relationship of xanthan gum/guar gum (XG/GG) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract powder (LEP) was investigated in a high-sugar medium. Foam-gel systems were prepared at 4:10% to 8:20% ratios of LEP to biopolymer. RESULTS The results show that increasing the LEP content reduced both the melting point and enthalpy, probably due to higher overrun and weaker junctions. Boosting the XG/GG ratio led the enhancement of mechanical properties, whereas increasing the LEP concentration weakened all textural parameters, which could be due to the poor structure of the network in the presence of the foaming agent, increased moisture content and overrun. In the whipped mixture samples containing 10 g kg-1 XG/GG, higher foaming capacity was observed. By increasing the level of biopolymers, smaller and more uniform air cells were formed according to a scanning electron microscopical study. At higher concentration of LEP, smaller bubbles and increased porosity were seen, which could be attributed to the availability of surfactant in the interfacial layer. CONCLUSION Maximum structural strength was achieved at a 4:20 ratio of LEP to XG/GG. In rheological experiments, pseudoplastic behavior was seen in all samples. Generally, this model system can be simulated for other herbal extracts containing natural surfactants such as saponins. Achieving a more detailed understanding of these structures and their interactions could help in formulating novel food products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieh Mardani
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Yeganehzad
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Niazmand
- Department of Food Chemistry, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
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Ghosh S, Kadam SR, Kolatkar S, Neyman A, Singh C, Enyashin AN, Bar-Ziv R, Bar-Sadan M. W Doping in Ni 12P 5 as a Platform to Enhance Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:581-589. [PMID: 34963045 PMCID: PMC8762645 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen generation from water splitting must overcome both the sluggish water dissociation step of the alkaline hydrogen evolution half-reaction (HER) and the kinetic barrier of the anodic oxygen evolution half-reaction (OER). Nickel phosphides are a promising catalysts family and are known to develop a thin active layer of oxidized Ni in an alkaline medium. Here, Ni12P5 was recognized as a suitable platform for the electrochemical production of γ-NiOOH─a particularly active phase─because of its matching crystallographic structure. The incorporation of tungsten by doping produces additional surface roughness, increases the electrochemical surface area (ESCA), and reduces the energy barrier for electron-coupled water dissociation (the Volmer step for the formation of Hads). When serving as both the anode and cathode, the 15% W-Ni12P5 catalyst provides an overall water splitting current density of 10 mA cm-2 at a cell voltage of only 1.73 V with good durability, making it a promising bifunctional catalyst for practical water electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirshendu Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sunil R. Kadam
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - ShayLee Kolatkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alevtina Neyman
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | | | - Andrey N. Enyashin
- Institute
of Solid-State Chemistry UB RAS, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
- Institute
of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural
Federal University, 620075 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ronen Bar-Ziv
- Chemistry
Department, Nuclear Research Centre-Negev, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Maya Bar-Sadan
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Wang J, Zheng X, Wang G, Cao Y, Ding W, Zhang J, Wu H, Ding J, Hu H, Han X, Ma T, Deng Y, Hu W. Defective Bimetallic Selenides for Selective CO 2 Electroreduction to CO. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2106354. [PMID: 34699632 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CO2 electroreduction (CO2 RR) to CO is promising for the carbon cycle but still remains challenging. Au is regarded as the most selective catalyst for CO2 RR, but its high cost significantly hinders its industrial application. Herein, the bimetallic CuInSe2 is found to exhibit an Au-like catalytic feature: i) the interaction of Cu and In orbitals induces a moderate adsorption strength of CO2 RR intermediates and favors the reaction pathway; and ii) the hydrogen evolution is energetically unfavorable on CuInSe2 , as a surface reconstruction along with high energy change will occur after hydrogen adsorption. Furthermore, the Se vacancy is found to induce an electron redistribution, slightly tune the band structure, and optimize the CO2 RR route of bimetallic selenide. Consequently, the Se-defective CuInSe2 (V-CuInSe2 ) achieves a highly selective CO production ability that is comparable to noble metals in aqueous electrolyte, and the V-CuInSe2 cathode shows a satisfactory performance in an aqueous Zn-CO2 cell. This work demonstrates that designing cost-effective catalysts with noble-metal-like properties is an ideal strategy for developing efficient electrocatalysts. Moreover, the class of transition bimetallic selenides has shown promising prospects as active and cost-effective electrocatalysts owing to their unique structural, electronic, and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuerong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guangjin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jia Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Yida Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, P. R. China
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Abstract
At the end of the 20th century, two new neuropeptides (Orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and Orexin-B/hypocretins-2) expressed in hypothalamus as a prepro-orexins precursor, were discovered. These two neuropeptides interacted with two G protein-coupled receptor isoforms named OX1R and OX2R. The orexins/OX receptors system play an important role in the central and peripheral nervous system where it controls wakefulness, addiction, reward seeking, stress, motivation, memory, energy homeostasis, food intake, blood pressure, hormone secretions, reproduction, gut motility and lipolysis. Orexins and their receptors are involved in pathologies including narcolepsy type I, neuro- and chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancers. Associated with these physiopathological roles, the extensive development of pharmacological molecules including OXR antagonists, has emerged in association with the determination of the structural properties of orexins and their receptors. Moreover, the identification of OX1R expression in digestive cancers encompassing colon, pancreas and liver cancers and its ability to trigger mitochondrial apoptosis in tumoral cells, indicate a new putative therapeutical action of orexins and paradoxically OXR antagonists. The present review focuses on structural and anti-tumoral aspects of orexins and their receptors.
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Prats-Ejarque G, Lorente H, Villalba C, Anguita R, Lu L, Vázquez-Monteagudo S, Fernández-Millán P, Boix E. Structure-Based Design of an RNase Chimera for Antimicrobial Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:95. [PMID: 35008522 PMCID: PMC8745102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics urges the development of alternative therapies. Based on the structure-function of antimicrobial members of the RNase A superfamily, we have developed a hybrid enzyme. Within this family, RNase 1 exhibits the highest catalytic activity and the lowest cytotoxicity; in contrast, RNase 3 shows the highest bactericidal action, alas with a reduced catalytic activity. Starting from both parental proteins, we designed a first RNase 3/1-v1 chimera. The construct had a catalytic activity much higher than RNase 3, unfortunately without reaching an equivalent antimicrobial activity. Thus, two new versions were created with improved antimicrobial properties. Both of these versions (RNase 3/1-v2 and -v3) incorporated an antimicrobial loop characteristic of RNase 3, while a flexible RNase 1-specific loop was removed in the latest construct. RNase 3/1-v3 acquired both higher antimicrobial and catalytic activities than previous versions, while retaining the structural determinants for interaction with the RNase inhibitor and displaying non-significant cytotoxicity. Following, we tested the constructs' ability to eradicate macrophage intracellular infection and observed an enhanced ability in both RNase 3/1-v2 and v3. Interestingly, the inhibition of intracellular infection correlates with the variants' capacity to induce autophagy. We propose RNase 3/1-v3 chimera as a promising lead for applied therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Prats-Ejarque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Helena Lorente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Clara Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Raúl Anguita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Sergi Vázquez-Monteagudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Pablo Fernández-Millán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; (H.L.); (C.V.); (R.A.); (L.L.); (S.V.-M.); (P.F.-M.)
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Sung MS, Jin HN, Park SW. Clinical Features of Advanced Glaucoma With Optic Nerve Head Prelaminar Schisis. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 232:17-29. [PMID: 34153266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the clinical characteristics of optic nerve head (ONH) prelaminar schisis in eyes with advanced glaucoma. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS One hundred sixteen eyes with advanced glaucoma (30-2 mean deviation <-12 dB) were included. ONH prelaminar schisis was identified using the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography independently by 2 evaluators and only eyes that reached consensus for the presence of ONH prelaminar schisis were included. Bruch membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), thickness and depth of lamina cribrosa (LC), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular thickness (total, RNFL, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer), and peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness were additionally obtained. Clinical characteristics were compared between the 2 groups based on the presence of ONH prelaminar schisis. RESULTS ONH prelaminar schisis was identified in 48 of 116 eyes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that short axial length, thin and deep LC, and thick macula were associated with the presence of ONH prelaminar schisis. When the structure-function relationships were determined, macular structural parameters tended to have a better relationship with functional parameters than the BMO-MRW and peripapillary RNFL thickness parameters in eyes with ONH prelaminar schisis. CONCLUSIONS The ONH prelaminar schisis was associated with thin and deep LC, short axial length, and generally thick macula. In patients with this features, the macular measurements, rather than peripapillary or ONH measurements, better predict the functional status of the eye. Our findings may have significant clinical implications for management of advanced glaucoma eyes with and without ONH prelaminar schisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Sun Sung
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyung Nam Jin
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Park
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Ritzmann N, Manioglu S, Hiller S, Müller DJ. Monitoring the antibiotic darobactin modulating the β-barrel assembly factor BamA. Structure 2021; 30:350-359.e3. [PMID: 34875215 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex is an essential component of Escherichia coli that inserts and folds outer membrane proteins (OMPs). The natural antibiotic compound darobactin inhibits BamA, the central unit of BAM. Here, we employ dynamic single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to better understand the structure-function relationship of BamA and its inhibition by darobactin. The five N-terminal polypeptide transport (POTRA) domains show low mechanical, kinetic, and energetic stabilities. In contrast, the structural region linking the POTRA domains to the transmembrane β-barrel exposes the highest mechanical stiffness and lowest kinetic stability within BamA, thus indicating a mechano-functional role. Within the β-barrel, the four N-terminal β-hairpins H1-H4 expose the highest mechanical stabilities and stiffnesses, while the four C-terminal β-hairpins H5-H6 show lower stabilities and higher flexibilities. This asymmetry within the β-barrel suggests that substrates funneling into the lateral gate formed by β-hairpins H1 and H8 can force the flexible C-terminal β-hairpins to change conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Ritzmann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Selen Manioglu
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Hiller
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Desmet S, Morreel K, Dauwe R. Origin and Function of Structural Diversity in the Plant Specialized Metabolome. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2393. [PMID: 34834756 PMCID: PMC8621143 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant specialized metabolome consists of a multitude of structurally and functionally diverse metabolites, variable from species to species. The specialized metabolites play roles in the response to environmental changes and abiotic or biotic stresses, as well as in plant growth and development. At its basis, the specialized metabolism is built of four major pathways, each starting from a few distinct primary metabolism precursors, and leading to distinct basic carbon skeleton core structures: polyketides and fatty acid derivatives, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. Structural diversity in specialized metabolism, however, expands exponentially with each subsequent modification. We review here the major sources of structural variety and question if a specific role can be attributed to each distinct structure. We focus on the influences that various core structures and modifications have on flavonoid antioxidant activity and on the diversity generated by oxidative coupling reactions. We suggest that many oxidative coupling products, triggered by initial radical scavenging, may not have a function in se, but could potentially be enzymatically recycled to effective antioxidants. We further discuss the wide structural variety created by multiple decorations (glycosylations, acylations, prenylations), the formation of high-molecular weight conjugates and polyesters, and the plasticity of the specialized metabolism. We draw attention to the need for untargeted methods to identify the complex, multiply decorated and conjugated compounds, in order to study the functioning of the plant specialized metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium; (S.D.); (K.M.)
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium; (S.D.); (K.M.)
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Dauwe
- Unité de Recherche Biologie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
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Ji W, Shi D, Shi S, Yang X, Chen Y, An H, Pang C. TMEM16A protein: calcium binding site and its activation mechanism. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1338-1348. [PMID: 34749600 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666211105112131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16A mediates calcium-activated transmembrane flow of chloride ion and a variety of physiological functions. The binding of cytoplasmic calcium ions of TMEM16A and the consequent conformational changes of it are the key issues to explore the relationship between its structure and function. In recent years, researchers have explored this issue through electrophysiological experiment, structure resolving, molecular dynamic simulation and other methods. The structures of TMEM16 family members resolved by cryo-Electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and X-ray crystallization provide the primarily basis for the investigation of the molecular mechanism of TMEM16A. However, the binding and activation mechanism of calcium ions in TMEM16A are still unclear and controversial. This review discusses four Ca2+ sensing sites of TMEM16A and analyze activation properties of TMEM16A by them, which will help to understand the structure-function relationship of TMEM16A and throw light on the molecular design targeting TMEM16A channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Ji
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Donghong Shi
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Sai Shi
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Hailong An
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
| | - Chunli Pang
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401. China
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Hanashima S, Nakane T, Mizohata E. Heavy Atom Detergent/Lipid Combined X-ray Crystallography for Elucidating the Structure-Function Relationships of Membrane Proteins. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:823. [PMID: 34832053 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins reside in the lipid bilayer of biomembranes and the structure and function of these proteins are closely related to their interactions with lipid molecules. Structural analyses of interactions between membrane proteins and lipids or detergents that constitute biological or artificial model membranes are important for understanding the functions and physicochemical properties of membrane proteins and biomembranes. Determination of membrane protein structures is much more difficult when compared with that of soluble proteins, but the development of various new technologies has accelerated the elucidation of the structure-function relationship of membrane proteins. This review summarizes the development of heavy atom derivative detergents and lipids that can be used for structural analysis of membrane proteins and their interactions with detergents/lipids, including their application with X-ray free-electron laser crystallography.
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Steigenberger J, Verleysen Y, Geudens N, Martins JC, Heerklotz H. The Optimal Lipid Chain Length of a Membrane-Permeabilizing Lipopeptide Results From the Balance of Membrane Partitioning and Local Damage. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:669709. [PMID: 34594308 PMCID: PMC8476953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.669709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudodesmin A (PSD) is a cyclic lipodepsipeptide produced by Pseudomonas that kills certain bacteria at MIC1/2 in the single micromolar range, probably by permeabilizing their cellular membranes. Synthetic PSD variants, where the native decanoic (C10) acyl chain is varied in length from C4 to C8 and C12 to C14 carbons, were described to be not or less active against a panel of gram-positive strains, as compared to native PSD-C10. Here, we test the membrane-permeabilizing activity of PSD-C4 through PSD-C14 in terms of calcein release from liposomes, which is characterized in detail by the fluorescence-lifetime based leakage assay. Antagonistic concentrations and their chain length dependence agree well for liposome leakage and antimicrobial activity. The optimal chain length is governed by a balance between membrane partitioning (favoring longer chains) and the local perturbation or “damage” inflicted by a membrane-bound molecule (weakening for longer chains). Local perturbation, in turn, may involve at least two modes of action. Asymmetry stress between outer and inner leaflet builds up as the lipopeptides enter the outer leaflet and when it reaches a system-specific stability threshold, it causes a transient membrane failure that allows for the flip of some molecules from the outer to the inner leaflet. This cracking-in may be accompanied by transient, incomplete leakage from the aqueous cores of the liposomes observed, typically, for some seconds or less. The mismatch of the lipopeptide with the lipid leaflet geometry, expressed for example in terms of a spontaneous curvature, has two effects. First, it affects the threshold for transient leakage as described. Second, it controls the rate of equilibrium leakage proceeding as the lipopeptide has reached sufficient local concentrations in both leaflets to form quasi-toroidal defects or pores. Both modes of action, transient and equilibrium leakage, synergize for intermediate chain lengths such as the native, i.e., for PSD-C10. These mechanisms may also account for the reported chain-length dependent specificities of antibiotic action against the target bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Steigenberger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yentl Verleysen
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Geudens
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José C Martins
- NMR and Structure Analysis Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heiko Heerklotz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Li T, Fan J, Sun T. Effective removal of methylene blue dye from water with nanocomposite ceramsites in a fixed-bed column. Environ Technol 2021; 42:3807-3819. [PMID: 32167410 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1743368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to remove methylene blue dye from water with a fixed-bed column packed with Cu2O nanocomposite ceramsites. The column showed the advantages of fixed-bed column adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation. The Cu2O nanocomposite ceramsites with strong photocatalytic oxidation activity and well-developed porous structure were successfully prepared with the chemical vapour deposition process, which also met with the China's industrial standard of CJ/T 299-2008 and China's national standard of GB 5085.3-2007. In the column experiments under the experimental conditions (initial pH was 3, reaction temperature was 25°C and flow rate was 33 mL/min), the breakthrough curve was much more smooth. The breakthrough time and saturation time under ultraviolet radiation were 36.0% and 26.83% longer than those under the conditions without ultraviolet radiation, because the micro-pore structure of ceramsite was closely related to optical excitation properties of nano-Cu2O. The Yoon-Nelson and Adams-Bohart models were applied to describe the obtained breakthrough curves using non-linear regression, in which the Yoon-Nelson model gave the better prediction results for breakthrough curves, with R2>0.98. Besides, amines were the dominant intermediates at saturation point and final products were inorganic anions. This study confirmed that the fixed-bed column packed with Cu2O nanocomposite ceramsites could efficiently treat methylene blue dye wastewater, due to the structure-function relationship between ceramsite and nano-Cu2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Li
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
- College of City and Architecture Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Sun
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, People's Republic of China
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Sato Y, Matsugami A, Watanabe S, Hayashi F, Arai M, Kigawa T, Nishimura C. Changes in dynamic and static structures of the HIV-1 p24 capsid protein N-domain caused by amino-acid substitution are associated with its viral viability. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2233-2245. [PMID: 34523753 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 capsid is comprised of over a hundred p24 protein molecules, arranged as either pentamers or hexamers. Three p24 mutants with amino acid substitutions in capsid N-terminal domain protein were examined: G60W (α3-4 loop), M68T (helix 4), and P90T (α4-5 loop), which exhibited no viability for biological activity. One common structural feature of the three p24 N-domain mutants, examined by NMR, was the long-range effect of more β-structures at the β2-strand in the N-terminal region compared with the wild-type. In addition, the presence of fewer helical structures was observed in M68T and P90T, beyond the broad area from helix 1 to the C-terminal part of helix 4. This suggests that both N-terminal beta structures and helices play important roles in the formation of p24 hexamers and pentamers. Next, compared with P90T, we examined cis-conformation or trans-conformation of wild-type adopted by isomerization at G89-P90. Since P90T mutant adopts only a trans-conformation, comparison of chemical shifts and signal intensities between each spectra revealed that the major peaks (about 85%) in the spectrum of wild-type correspond to trans-conformation. Furthermore, it was indicated that the region in cis-conformation (minor; 15%) was more stabilized than that observed in trans-conformation, based on the analyses of heteronuclear Overhauser effect as well as the order-parameter. Therefore, it was concluded that the cis-conformation is more favorable than the trans-conformation for the interaction between the p24 N-terminal domain and cyclophilin-A. This is because HIV-1 with a P90T protein, which adopts only a trans-conformation, is associated with non-viability of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Japan
| | - Akimasa Matsugami
- Advanced NMR Application and Platform Team, NMR Research and Collaboration Group, NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center (RSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Laboratory for Cellular Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems, Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Hayashi
- Advanced NMR Application and Platform Team, NMR Research and Collaboration Group, NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center (RSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Munehito Arai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Japan
| | - Takanori Kigawa
- Laboratory for Cellular Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems, Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan.,School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Japan
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Li Z, Jin X, Wu T, Zhao X, Wang W, Lei J, Pan X, Yan N. Structure of human Na v1.5 reveals the fast inactivation-related segments as a mutational hotspot for the long QT syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100069118. [PMID: 33712541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100069118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 is the primary voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channel in the heart. Mutations of Nav1.5 are associated with various cardiac disorders exemplified by the type 3 long QT syndrome (LQT3) and Brugada syndrome (BrS). E1784K is a common mutation that has been found in both LQT3 and BrS patients. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of the human Nav1.5-E1784K variant at an overall resolution of 3.3 Å. The structure is nearly identical to that of the wild-type human Nav1.5 bound to quinidine. Structural mapping of 91- and 178-point mutations that are respectively associated with LQT3 and BrS reveals a unique distribution pattern for LQT3 mutations. Whereas the BrS mutations spread evenly on the structure, LQT3 mutations are clustered mainly to the segments in repeats III and IV that are involved in gating, voltage-sensing, and particularly inactivation. A mutational hotspot involving the fast inactivation segments is identified and can be mechanistically interpreted by our "door wedge" model for fast inactivation. The structural analysis presented here, with a focus on the impact of mutations on inactivation and late sodium current, establishes a structure-function relationship for the mechanistic understanding of Nav1.5 channelopathies.
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Console L, Tolomeo M, Cosco J, Massey K, Barile M, Indiveri C. Impact of natural mutations on the riboflavin transporter 2 and their relevance to human riboflavin transporter deficiency 2. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:618-628. [PMID: 34428344 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Riboflavin transporter deficiency 2 (RTD2) is a rare neurological disorder caused by mutations in the Solute carrier family 52 member 2 (Slc52a2) gene encoding human riboflavin transporter 2 (RFVT2). This transporter is ubiquitously expressed and mediates tissue distribution of riboflavin, a water-soluble vitamin that, after conversion into FMN and FAD, plays pivotal roles in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. The 3D structure of RFVT2 has been constructed by homology modeling using three different templates that are equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1), Fucose: proton symporter, and glucose transporter type 5 (GLUT5). The structure has been validated by several approaches. All known point mutations of RFVT2, associated with RTD2, have been localized in the protein 3D model. Six of these mutations have been introduced in the recombinant protein for functional characterization. The mutants W31S, S52F, S128L, L312P, C325G, and M423V have been expressed in E. coli, purified, and reconstituted into proteoliposomes for transport assay. All the mutants showed impairment of function. The Km for riboflavin of the mutants increased from about 3 to 9 times with respect to that of WT, whereas Vmax was only marginally affected. This agrees with the improved outcome of most RTD2 patients after administration of high doses of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Jessica Cosco
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | | | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Korhonen O, Zanin M, Papo D. Principles and open questions in functional brain network reconstruction. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3680-3711. [PMID: 34013636 PMCID: PMC8249902 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graph theory is now becoming a standard tool in system-level neuroscience. However, endowing observed brain anatomy and dynamics with a complex network representation involves often covert theoretical assumptions and methodological choices which affect the way networks are reconstructed from experimental data, and ultimately the resulting network properties and their interpretation. Here, we review some fundamental conceptual underpinnings and technical issues associated with brain network reconstruction, and discuss how their mutual influence concurs in clarifying the organization of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onerva Korhonen
- Department of Computer ScienceAalto University, School of ScienceHelsinki
- Centre for Biomedical TechnologyUniversidad Politécnica de MadridPozuelo de Alarcón
| | - Massimiliano Zanin
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC‐UIB), Campus UIBPalma de MallorcaSpain
| | - David Papo
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaFerrara
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of PhysiologyUniversity of FerraraFerrara
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Tiffner A, Derler I. Isoform-Specific Properties of Orai Homologues in Activation, Downstream Signaling, Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8020. [PMID: 34360783 PMCID: PMC8347056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ ion channels are critical in a variety of physiological events, including cell growth, differentiation, gene transcription and apoptosis. One such essential entry pathway for calcium into the cell is the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. It consists of the Ca2+ sensing protein, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and a Ca2+ ion channel Orai in the plasma membrane. The Orai channel family includes three homologues Orai1, Orai2 and Orai3. While Orai1 is the "classical" Ca2+ ion channel within the CRAC channel complex and plays a universal role in the human body, there is increasing evidence that Orai2 and Orai3 are important in specific physiological and pathophysiological processes. This makes them an attractive target in drug discovery, but requires a detailed understanding of the three Orai channels and, in particular, their differences. Orai channel activation is initiated via Ca2+ store depletion, which is sensed by STIM1 proteins, and induces their conformational change and oligomerization. Upon STIM1 coupling, Orai channels activate to allow Ca2+ permeation into the cell. While this activation mechanism is comparable among the isoforms, they differ by a number of functional and structural properties due to non-conserved regions in their sequences. In this review, we summarize the knowledge as well as open questions in our current understanding of the three isoforms in terms of their structure/function relationship, downstream signaling and physiology as well as pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, JKU Life Science Center, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria;
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Abstract
Low-molecular weight chemical compounds have a longstanding history as drugs. Target specificity and binding efficiency represent major obstacles for small molecules to become clinically relevant. Protein kinases are attractive cellular targets; however, they are challenging because they present one of the largest protein families and share structural similarities. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase, has received much attention as a promising target for the treatment of B-cell malignancies and more recently autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here we describe the structural properties and binding modes of small-molecule BTK inhibitors, including irreversible and reversible inhibitors. Covalently binding compounds, such as ibrutinib, acalabrutinib and zanubrutinib, are discussed along with non-covalent inhibitors fenebrutinib and RN486. The focus of this review is on structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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50
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Palacios-Ortega J, García-Linares S, Rivera-de-Torre E, Heras-Márquez D, Gavilanes JG, Slotte JP, Martínez-Del-Pozo Á. Structural foundations of sticholysin functionality. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 2021; 1869:140696. [PMID: 34246789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Actinoporins constitute a family of α pore-forming toxins produced by sea anemones. The soluble fold of these proteins consists of a β-sandwich flanked by two α-helices. Actinoporins exert their activity by specifically recognizing sphingomyelin at their target membranes. Once there, they penetrate the membrane with their N-terminal α-helices, a process that leads to the formation of cation-selective pores. These pores kill the target cells by provoking an osmotic shock on them. In this review, we examine the role and relevance of the structural features of actinoporins, down to the residue level. We look at the specific amino acids that play significant roles in the function of actinoporins and their fold. Particular emphasis is given to those residues that display a high degree of conservation across the actinoporin sequences known to date. In light of the latest findings in the field, the membrane requirements for pore formation, the effect of lipid composition, and the process of pore formation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Palacios-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sara García-Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Rivera-de-Torre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diego Heras-Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - José G Gavilanes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Del-Pozo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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