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Keov P, Christopoulos G, Hick CA, Glendorf T, Ballarín-González B, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Development of a Novel Assay for Direct Assessment of Selective Amylin Receptor Activation Reveals Novel Differences in Behavior of Selective and Nonselective Peptide Agonists. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:359-373. [PMID: 38458773 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs) show promise as efficacious therapeutics for treatment of metabolic disease, including obesity. However, differences in efficacy in vivo have been observed for individual DACRAs, indicating that detailed understanding of the pharmacology of these agents across target receptors is required for rational drug development. To date, such understanding has been hampered by lack of direct, subtype-selective, functional assays for the amylin receptors (AMYRs). Here, we describe the generation of receptor-specific assays for recruitment of Venus-tagged Gs protein through fusion of luciferase to either the human calcitonin receptor (CTR), human receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP)-1, RAMP1 (AMY1R), human RAMP2 (AMY2R), or human RAMP3 (AMY3R). These assays revealed a complex pattern of receptor activation by calcitonin, amylin, or DACRA peptides that was distinct at each receptor subtype. Of particular note, although both of the CT-based DACRAs, sCT and AM1784, displayed relatively similar behaviors at CTR and AMY1R, they generated distinct responses at AMY2R and AMY3R. These data aid the rationalization of in vivo differences in response to DACRA peptides in rodent models of obesity. Direct assessment of the pharmacology of novel DACRAs at AMYR subtypes is likely to be important for development of optimized therapeutics for treatment of metabolic diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Amylin receptors (AMYRs) are important obesity targets. Here we describe a novel assay that allows selective functional assessment of individual amylin receptor subtypes that provides unique insight into the pharmacology of potential therapeutic ligands. Direct assessment of the pharmacology of novel agonists at AMYR subtypes is likely to be important for development of optimized therapeutics for treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Keov
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - George Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Caroline A Hick
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Tine Glendorf
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Borja Ballarín-González
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme (P.K., G.C., C.A.H., D.W., P.M.S.) and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (P.K., D.W., P.M.S.), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Research & Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, Maaloev, Denmark (T.G., B.B.-G.)
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Cao J, Belousoff MJ, Danev R, Christopoulos A, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Cryo-EM Structure of the Human Amylin 1 Receptor in Complex with CGRP and Gs Protein. Biochemistry 2024. [PMID: 38603770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its cognate CGRP receptor (CGRPR) has arisen as a major breakthrough in the treatment of migraine. However, a second CGRP-responsive receptor exists, the amylin (Amy) 1 receptor (AMY1R), yet its involvement in the pathology of migraine is poorly understood. AMY1R and CGRPR are heterodimers consisting of receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) with the calcitonin receptor (CTR) and the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR), respectively. Here, we present the structure of AMY1R in complex with CGRP and Gs protein and compare it with the reported structures of the AMY1R complex with rat amylin (rAmy) and the CGRPR in complex with CGRP. Despite similar protein backbones observed within the receptors and the N- and C-termini of the two peptides bound to the AMY1R complexes, they have distinct organization in the peptide midregions (the bypass motif) that is correlated with differences in the dynamics of the respective receptor extracellular domains. Moreover, divergent conformations of extracellular loop (ECL) 3, intracellular loop (ICL) 2, and ICL3 within the CTR and CLR protomers are evident when comparing the CGRP bound to the CGRPR and AMY1R, which influences the binding mode of CGRP. However, the conserved interactions made by the C-terminus of CGRP to the CGRPR and AMY1R are likely to account for cross-reactivity of nonpeptide CGRPR antagonists observed at AMY1R, which also extends to other clinically used CGRPR blockers, including antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cao
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, N415, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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3
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McNeill SM, Lu J, Marion C Carino C, Inoue A, Zhao P, Sexton PM, Wootten D. The role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases in GLP-1R β-arrestin recruitment and internalisation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116119. [PMID: 38461904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a validated clinical target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Unlike most G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the GLP-1R undergoes an atypical mode of internalisation that does not require β-arrestins. While differences in GLP-1R trafficking and β-arrestin recruitment have been observed between clinically used GLP-1R agonists, the role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in affecting these pathways has not been comprehensively assessed. In this study, we quantified the contribution of GRKs to agonist-mediated GLP-1R internalisation and β-arrestin recruitment profiles using cells where endogenous β-arrestins, or non-visual GRKs were knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Our results confirm the previously established atypical β-arrestin-independent mode of GLP-1R internalisation and revealed that GLP-1R internalisation is dependent on the expression of GRKs. Interestingly, agonist-mediated GLP-1R β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2 recruitment were differentially affected by endogenous GRK knockout with β-arrestin 1 recruitment more sensitive to GRK knockout than β-arrestin 2 recruitment. Moreover, individual overexpression of GRK2, GRK3, GRK5 or GRK6 in a newly generated GRK2/3/4/5/6 HEK293 cells, rescued agonist-mediated β-arrestin 1 recruitment and internalisation profiles to similar levels, suggesting that there is no specific GRK isoform that drives these pathways. This study advances mechanistic understanding of agonist-mediated GLP-1R internalisation and provides novel insights into how GRKs may fine-tune GLP-1R signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M McNeill
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Lu
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Carlo Marion C Carino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokohu University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokohu University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia.
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia.
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4
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Chandrashekar C, Lin F, Nishiuchi Y, Mohammed SF, White BF, Arsenakis Y, Yuliantie E, Zhao P, van Dun S, Koijen A, Kajihara Y, Wootten D, Dodd GT, van den Bos LJ, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Engineering of a Biologically Active Glycosylated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogue. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38465973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide receptor (GLP-1R) agonists (e.g., semaglutide, liraglutide, etc.) are efficient treatment options for people with type 2 diabetes and obesity. The manufacturing method to produce semaglutide, a blockbuster GLP-1 drug on the market, involves multistep synthesis. The large peptide has a hydrophobic fatty acid side chain that makes it sparingly soluble, and its handling, purification, and large-scale production difficult. The growing demand for semaglutide that the manufacturer is not capable of addressing immediately triggered a worldwide shortage. Thus, we have developed a potential alternative analogue to semaglutide by replacing the hydrophobic fatty acid with a hydrophilic human complex-type biantennary oligosaccharide. Our novel glycoGLP-1 analogue was isolated in an ∼10-fold higher yield compared with semaglutide. Importantly, our glycoGLP-1 analogue possessed a similar GLP-1R activation potency to semaglutide and was biologically active in vivo in reducing glucose levels to a similar degree as semaglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Lin
- The Florey, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sam F Mohammed
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Barbara F White
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Yanni Arsenakis
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Elita Yuliantie
- Drug Discovery Biology and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sam van Dun
- EnzyTag B.V. Daelderweg 9, Nuth NL-6361HK, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Koijen
- EnzyTag B.V. Daelderweg 9, Nuth NL-6361HK, The Netherlands
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology and ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - John D Wade
- The Florey, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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5
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Russell I, Zhang X, Bumbak F, McNeill SM, Josephs TM, Leeming MG, Christopoulos G, Venugopal H, Flocco MM, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Belousoff MJ. Lipid-Dependent Activation of the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor, GPR3. Biochemistry 2024; 63:625-631. [PMID: 38376112 PMCID: PMC10919283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The class A orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR3, has been implicated in a variety of conditions, including Alzheimer's and premature ovarian failure. GPR3 constitutively couples with Gαs, resulting in the production of cAMP in cells. While tool compounds and several putative endogenous ligands have emerged for the receptor, its endogenous ligand, if it exists, remains a mystery. As novel potential drug targets, the structures of orphan GPCRs have been of increasing interest, revealing distinct modes of activation, including autoactivation, presence of constitutively activating mutations, or via cryptic ligands. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the orphan GPCR, GPR3 in complex with DNGαs and Gβ1γ2. The structure revealed clear density for a lipid-like ligand that bound within an extended hydrophobic groove, suggesting that the observed "constitutive activity" was likely due to activation via a lipid that may be ubiquitously present. Analysis of conformational variance within the cryo-EM data set revealed twisting motions of the GPR3 transmembrane helices that appeared coordinated with changes in the lipid-like density. We propose a mechanism for the binding of a lipid to its putative orthosteric binding pocket linked to the GPR3 dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella
C. Russell
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Fabian Bumbak
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Samantha M. McNeill
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Tracy M. Josephs
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Michael G. Leeming
- Bio21
Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, Melbourne Mass Spectrometry
and Proteomics Facility, The University
of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - George Christopoulos
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Hariprasad Venugopal
- Ramaciotti
Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria Australia
| | - Maria M. Flocco
- Mechanistic
and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB20AA, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Matthew J. Belousoff
- Drug
Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
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6
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Cao J, Belousoff MJ, Gerrard E, Danev R, Fletcher MM, Dal Maso E, Schreuder H, Lorenz K, Evers A, Tiwari G, Besenius M, Li Z, Johnson RM, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Structural insight into selectivity of amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:162-169. [PMID: 37537379 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Amylin receptors (AMYRs), heterodimers of the calcitonin receptor (CTR) and one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins, are promising obesity targets. A hallmark of AMYR activation by Amy is the formation of a 'bypass' secondary structural motif (residues S19-P25). This study explored potential tuning of peptide selectivity through modification to residues 19-22, resulting in a selective AMYR agonist, San385, as well as nonselective dual amylin and calcitonin receptor agonists (DACRAs), with San45 being an exemplar. We determined the structure and dynamics of San385-bound AMY3R, and San45 bound to AMY3R or CTR. San45, via its conjugated lipid at position 21, was anchored at the edge of the receptor bundle, enabling a stable, alternative binding mode when bound to the CTR, in addition to the bypass mode of binding to AMY3R. Targeted lipid modification may provide a single intervention strategy for design of long-acting, nonselective, Amy-based DACRAs with potential anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cao
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elliot Gerrard
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madeleine M Fletcher
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- GlaxoSmithKline, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Dal Maso
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Herman Schreuder
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Lorenz
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Evers
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Garima Tiwari
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Besenius
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ziyu Li
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Hoechst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rachel M Johnson
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- OMass Therapeutics, Oxford, UK
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Walsh MA, Nannenga BL, Gonen T, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Chiu W, Sun F, Carragher B, Potter CS, Agard D, Burley SK. The next decade in structural biology. Structure 2023; 31:1284-1288. [PMID: 37922863 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
As we celebrate the 30th anniversary of Structure, we have asked structural biologists about their expectations on how their respective fields are likely to develop in the next ten years in this collection of Voices.
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8
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Burger WAC, Pham V, Vuckovic Z, Powers AS, Mobbs JI, Laloudakis Y, Glukhova A, Wootten D, Tobin AB, Sexton PM, Paul SM, Felder CC, Danev R, Dror RO, Christopoulos A, Valant C, Thal DM. Xanomeline displays concomitant orthosteric and allosteric binding modes at the M 4 mAChR. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5440. [PMID: 37673901 PMCID: PMC10482975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4 mAChR) has emerged as a drug target of high therapeutic interest due to its expression in regions of the brain involved in the regulation of psychosis, cognition, and addiction. The mAChR agonist, xanomeline, has provided significant improvement in the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores in a Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia. Here we report the active state cryo-EM structure of xanomeline bound to the human M4 mAChR in complex with the heterotrimeric Gi1 transducer protein. Unexpectedly, two molecules of xanomeline were found to concomitantly bind to the monomeric M4 mAChR, with one molecule bound in the orthosteric (acetylcholine-binding) site and a second molecule in an extracellular vestibular allosteric site. Molecular dynamic simulations supports the structural findings, and pharmacological validation confirmed that xanomeline acts as a dual orthosteric and allosteric ligand at the human M4 mAChR. These findings provide a basis for further understanding xanomeline's complex pharmacology and highlight the myriad of ways through which clinically relevant ligands can bind to and regulate GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel A C Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Vi Pham
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ziva Vuckovic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Alexander S Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jesse I Mobbs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yianni Laloudakis
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- The Advanced Research Centre (ARC), Centre for Translational Science, School of Biomolecular Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, N415, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ron O Dror
- Departments of Computer Science, Structural Biology, and Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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9
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Lagou V, Jiang L, Ulrich A, Zudina L, González KSG, Balkhiyarova Z, Faggian A, Maina JG, Chen S, Todorov PV, Sharapov S, David A, Marullo L, Mägi R, Rujan RM, Ahlqvist E, Thorleifsson G, Gao Η, Εvangelou Ε, Benyamin B, Scott RA, Isaacs A, Zhao JH, Willems SM, Johnson T, Gieger C, Grallert H, Meisinger C, Müller-Nurasyid M, Strawbridge RJ, Goel A, Rybin D, Albrecht E, Jackson AU, Stringham HM, Corrêa IR, Farber-Eger E, Steinthorsdottir V, Uitterlinden AG, Munroe PB, Brown MJ, Schmidberger J, Holmen O, Thorand B, Hveem K, Wilsgaard T, Mohlke KL, Wang Z, Shmeliov A, den Hoed M, Loos RJF, Kratzer W, Haenle M, Koenig W, Boehm BO, Tan TM, Tomas A, Salem V, Barroso I, Tuomilehto J, Boehnke M, Florez JC, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Njølstad I, Wichmann HE, Caulfield MJ, Khaw KT, van Duijn CM, Hofman A, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Whitfield JB, Martin NG, Montgomery G, Scapoli C, Tzoulaki I, Elliott P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Brittain EL, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Groop L, Dupuis J, Meigs JB, Deganutti G, Demirkan A, Pers TH, Reynolds CA, Aulchenko YS, Kaakinen MA, Jones B, Prokopenko I. GWAS of random glucose in 476,326 individuals provide insights into diabetes pathophysiology, complications and treatment stratification. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1448-1461. [PMID: 37679419 PMCID: PMC10484788 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on 'around the clock' glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals. Of these, 44 loci are new for glycemic traits. Regulatory, glycosylation and metagenomic annotations highlight ileum and colon tissues, indicating an underappreciated role of the gastrointestinal tract in controlling blood glucose. Functional follow-up and molecular dynamics simulations of lower frequency coding variants in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), a type 2 diabetes treatment target, reveal that optimal selection of GLP-1R agonist therapy will benefit from tailored genetic stratification. We also provide evidence from Mendelian randomization that lung function is modulated by blood glucose and that pulmonary dysfunction is a diabetes complication. Our investigation yields new insights into the biology of glucose regulation, diabetes complications and pathways for treatment stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Longda Jiang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Liudmila Zudina
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Karla Sofia Gutiérrez González
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Laboratory, Clinica Biblica Hospital, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alessia Faggian
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jared G Maina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Shiqian Chen
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Petar V Todorov
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sodbo Sharapov
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessia David
- Centre for Bioinformatics and System Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roxana-Maria Rujan
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Ηe Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Εvangelos Εvangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases and Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara M Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Eric Farber-Eger
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Morris J Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julian Schmidberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oddgeir Holmen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K G Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epdiemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aleksey Shmeliov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- The Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark Haenle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore and Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tricia M Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Salem
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial College London Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.
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10
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Vuckovic Z, Wang J, Pham V, Mobbs JI, Belousoff MJ, Bhattarai A, Burger WAC, Thompson G, Yeasmin M, Nawaratne V, Leach K, van der Westhuizen ET, Khajehali E, Liang YL, Glukhova A, Wootten D, Lindsley CW, Tobin A, Sexton P, Danev R, Valant C, Miao Y, Christopoulos A, Thal DM. Pharmacological hallmarks of allostery at the M4 muscarinic receptor elucidated through structure and dynamics. eLife 2023; 12:83477. [PMID: 37248726 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a major paradigm in drug discovery. Despite decades of research, a molecular-level understanding of the general principles that govern the myriad pharmacological effects exerted by GPCR allosteric modulators remains limited. The M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M4 mAChR) is a validated and clinically relevant allosteric drug target for several major psychiatric and cognitive disorders. In this study, we rigorously quantified the affinity, efficacy, and magnitude of modulation of two different positive allosteric modulators, LY2033298 (LY298) and VU0467154 (VU154), combined with the endogenous agonist acetylcholine (ACh) or the high-affinity agonist iperoxo (Ipx), at the human M4 mAChR. By determining the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the M4 mAChR, bound to a cognate Gi1 protein and in complex with ACh, Ipx, LY298-Ipx, and VU154-Ipx, and applying molecular dynamics simulations, we determine key molecular mechanisms underlying allosteric pharmacology. In addition to delineating the contribution of spatially distinct binding sites on observed pharmacology, our findings also revealed a vital role for orthosteric and allosteric ligand-receptor-transducer complex stability, mediated by conformational dynamics between these sites, in the ultimate determination of affinity, efficacy, cooperativity, probe dependence, and species variability. There results provide a holistic framework for further GPCR mechanistic studies and can aid in the discovery and design of future allosteric drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziva Vuckovic
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jinan Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Vi Pham
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jesse I Mobbs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Apurba Bhattarai
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Wessel A C Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Geoff Thompson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mahmuda Yeasmin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vindhya Nawaratne
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Emma T van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elham Khajehali
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry, Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Andrew Tobin
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Advanced Research Centre (ARC), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
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11
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Chandrashekar C, Nishiuchi Y, White BF, Arsenakis Y, Lin F, McNeill SM, Zhao P, van Dun S, Koijen A, Kajihara Y, Wootten D, van den Bos LJ, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Glycosylation Improves the Proteolytic Stability of Exenatide. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 37192432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exenatide was the first marketed GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Modification to the chemical structure or the formulation has the potential to increase the stability of exenatide. We introduced human complex-type sialyloligosaccharide to exenatide at the native Asn28 position. The synthesis was achieved using both solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and Omniligase-1-mediated chemoenzymatic ligation. The results demonstrate that glycosylation increases the proteolytic stability of exenatide while retaining its full biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitra Chandrashekar
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi, Kyoto 600-8813, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Barbara Fam White
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Yanni Arsenakis
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Feng Lin
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Samantha M McNeill
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sam van Dun
- EnzyTag B.V., Daelderweg 9, 6361HK Nuth, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Koijen
- EnzyTag B.V., Daelderweg 9, 6361HK Nuth, The Netherlands
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - John D Wade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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12
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Cary BP, Gerrard EJ, Belousoff MJ, Fletcher MM, Jiang Y, Russell IC, Piper SJ, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Molecular insights into peptide agonist engagement with the PTH receptor. Structure 2023:S0969-2126(23)00125-9. [PMID: 37148874 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1 receptor (PTH1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that regulates skeletal development and calcium homeostasis. Here, we describe cryo-EM structures of the PTH1R in complex with fragments of the two hormones, PTH and PTH-related protein, the drug abaloparatide, as well as the engineered tool compounds, long-acting PTH (LA-PTH) and the truncated peptide, M-PTH(1-14). We found that the critical N terminus of each agonist engages the transmembrane bundle in a topologically similar fashion, reflecting similarities in measures of Gαs activation. The full-length peptides induce subtly different extracellular domain (ECD) orientations relative to the transmembrane domain. In the structure bound to M-PTH, the ECD is unresolved, demonstrating that the ECD is highly dynamic when unconstrained by a peptide. High resolutions enabled identification of water molecules near peptide and G protein binding sites. Our results illuminate the action of orthosteric agonists of the PTH1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Cary
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
| | - Elliot J Gerrard
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine M Fletcher
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Yan Jiang
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Isabella C Russell
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Piper
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Cary BP, Zhang X, Cao J, Johnson RM, Piper SJ, Gerrard EJ, Wootten D, Sexton PM. New insights into the structure and function of class B1 GPCRs. Endocr Rev 2022; 44:492-517. [PMID: 36546772 PMCID: PMC10166269 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors. Class B1 GPCRs constitute a subfamily of 15 receptors that characteristically contain large extracellular domains (ECDs) and respond to long polypeptide hormones. Class B1 GPCRs are critical regulators of homeostasis, and as such, many are important drug targets. While most transmembrane proteins, including GPCRs, are recalcitrant to crystallization, recent advances in electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) have facilitated a rapid expansion of the structural understanding of membrane proteins. As a testament to this success, structures for all the class B1 receptors bound to G proteins have been determined by cryo-EM in the past five years. Further advances in cryo-EM have uncovered dynamics of these receptors, ligands, and signalling partners. Here, we examine the recent structural underpinnings of the class B1 GPCRs with an emphasis on structure-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Cary
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jianjun Cao
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Rachel M Johnson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah J Piper
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Elliot J Gerrard
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
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14
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Piper SJ, Deganutti G, Lu J, Zhao P, Liang YL, Lu Y, Fletcher MM, Hossain MA, Christopoulos A, Reynolds CA, Danev R, Sexton PM, Wootten D. Understanding VPAC receptor family peptide binding and selectivity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7013. [PMID: 36385145 PMCID: PMC9668914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors are key regulators of neurological processes. Despite recent structural data, a comprehensive understanding of peptide binding and selectivity among different subfamily receptors is lacking. Here, we determine structures of active, Gs-coupled, VIP-VPAC1R, PACAP27-VPAC1R, and PACAP27-PAC1R complexes. Cryo-EM structural analyses and molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) reveal fewer stable interactions between VPAC1R and VIP than for PACAP27, more extensive dynamics of VIP interaction with extracellular loop 3, and receptor-dependent differences in interactions of conserved N-terminal peptide residues with the receptor core. MD of VIP modelled into PAC1R predicts more transient VIP-PAC1R interactions in the receptor core, compared to VIP-VPAC1R, which may underlie the selectivity of VIP for VPAC1R over PAC1R. Collectively, our work improves molecular understanding of peptide engagement with the PAC1R and VPAC1R that may benefit the development of novel selective agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Piper
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- grid.8096.70000000106754565Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB Coventry, UK
| | - Jessica Lu
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,Present Address: Confo TherapeuticsTechnologiepark 94, Ghent (Zwijnaarde), 9052 Belgium
| | - Yao Lu
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Madeleine M. Fletcher
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.454018.c0000 0004 0632 8971Present Address: GlaxoSmithKline, Abbotsford, 3067 VIC Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Christopher A. Reynolds
- grid.8096.70000000106754565Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 5FB Coventry, UK ,grid.8356.80000 0001 0942 6946School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
| | - Radostin Danev
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XGraduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, S402, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 VIC Australia
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15
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Qin CX, Norling LV, Vecchio EA, Brennan EP, May LT, Wootten D, Godson C, Perretti M, Ritchie RH. Formylpeptide receptor 2: Nomenclature, structure, signalling and translational perspectives: IUPHAR review 35. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4617-4639. [PMID: 35797341 PMCID: PMC9545948 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss the fascinating pharmacology of formylpeptide receptor 2 (FPR2; often referred to as FPR2/ALX since it binds lipoxin A4 ). Initially identified as a low-affinity 'relative' of FPR1, FPR2 presents complex and diverse biology. For instance, it is activated by several classes of agonists (from peptides to proteins and lipid mediators) and displays diverse expression patterns on myeloid cells as well as epithelial cells and endothelial cells, to name a few. Over the last decade, the pharmacology of FPR2 has progressed from being considered a weak chemotactic receptor to a master-regulator of the resolution of inflammation, the second phase of the acute inflammatory response. We propose that exploitation of the biology of FPR2 offers innovative ways to rectify chronic inflammatory states and represents a viable avenue to develop novel therapies. Recent elucidation of FPR2 structure will facilitate development of the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving drugs of next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lucy V. Norling
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Elizabeth A. Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eoin P. Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute and School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of MedicineQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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16
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Piper SJ, Johnson RM, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Membranes under the Magnetic Lens: A Dive into the Diverse World of Membrane Protein Structures Using Cryo-EM. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13989-14017. [PMID: 35849490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are highly diverse in both structure and function and can, therefore, present different challenges for structure determination. They are biologically important for cells and organisms as gatekeepers for information and molecule transfer across membranes, but each class of membrane proteins can present unique obstacles to structure determination. Historically, many membrane protein structures have been investigated using highly engineered constructs or using larger fusion proteins to improve solubility and/or increase particle size. Other strategies included the deconstruction of the full-length protein to target smaller soluble domains. These manipulations were often required for crystal formation to support X-ray crystallography or to circumvent lower resolution due to high noise and dynamic motions of protein subdomains. However, recent revolutions in membrane protein biochemistry and cryo-electron microscopy now provide an opportunity to solve high resolution structures of both large, >1 megadalton (MDa), and small, <100 kDa (kDa), drug targets in near-native conditions, routinely reaching resolutions around or below 3 Å. This review provides insights into how the recent advances in membrane biology and biochemistry, as well as technical advances in cryo-electron microscopy, help us to solve structures of a large variety of membrane protein groups, from small receptors to large transporters and more complex machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Piper
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M Johnson
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Milburn JE, Harikumar KG, Piper SJ, Raval S, Christopoulos A, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Miller LJ. Secretin Amino-Terminal Structure-Activity Relationships and Complementary Mutagenesis at the Site of Docking to the Secretin Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:400-407. [PMID: 35351821 PMCID: PMC11033956 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.122.000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Class B1 G protein-coupled receptors are activated by peptides, with amino-terminal regions critical for biologic activity. Although high resolution structures exist, understanding of key features of the peptide activation domain that drive signaling is limited. In the secretin receptor (SecR) structure, interactions are observed between peptide residues His1 and Ser2 and seventh transmembrane segment (TM7) receptor residue E373. We interrogated these interactions using systematic structure-activity analysis of peptide and receptor. His1 was critical for binding and cAMP responses, but its orientation was not critical, and substitution could independently modify affinity and efficacy. Ser2 was also critical, with all substitutions reducing peptide affinity and functional responses proportionally. Mutation of E373 to conserved acidic Asp (E373D), uncharged polar Gln (E373Q), or charge-reversed basic Arg (E373R) did not alter receptor expression, with all exhibiting secretin-dependent cAMP accumulation. All position 373 mutants displayed reduced binding affinities and cAMP potencies for many peptide analogs, although relative effects of position 1 peptides were similar whereas position 2 peptides exhibited substantial differences. The peptide including basic Lys in position 2 was active at SecR having acidic Glu in position 373 and at E373D while exhibiting minimal activity at those receptors in which an acidic residue is absent in this position (E373Q and E373R). In contrast, the peptide including acidic Glu in position 2 was equipotent with secretin at E373R while being much less potent than secretin at wild-type SecR and E373D. These data support functional importance of a charge-charge interaction between the amino-terminal region of secretin and the top of TM7. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work refines our molecular understanding of the activation mechanisms of class B1 G protein-coupled receptors. The amino-terminal region of secretin interacts with the seventh transmembrane segment of its receptor with structural specificity and with a charge-charge interaction helping to drive functional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana E Milburn
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (J.E.M., K.G.H., S.R., L.J.M.) and Drug Discovery Biology and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (S.J.P., A.C., D.W., P.M.S.)
| | - Kaleeckal G Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (J.E.M., K.G.H., S.R., L.J.M.) and Drug Discovery Biology and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (S.J.P., A.C., D.W., P.M.S.)
| | - Sarah J Piper
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (J.E.M., K.G.H., S.R., L.J.M.) and Drug Discovery Biology and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (S.J.P., A.C., D.W., P.M.S.)
| | - Sweta Raval
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (J.E.M., K.G.H., S.R., L.J.M.) and Drug Discovery Biology and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (S.J.P., A.C., D.W., P.M.S.)
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (J.E.M., K.G.H., S.R., L.J.M.) and Drug Discovery Biology and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (S.J.P., A.C., D.W., P.M.S.)
| | - Denise Wootten
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (J.E.M., K.G.H., S.R., L.J.M.) and Drug Discovery Biology and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (S.J.P., A.C., D.W., P.M.S.)
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (J.E.M., K.G.H., S.R., L.J.M.) and Drug Discovery Biology and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (S.J.P., A.C., D.W., P.M.S.)
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (J.E.M., K.G.H., S.R., L.J.M.) and Drug Discovery Biology and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia (S.J.P., A.C., D.W., P.M.S.)
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18
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Cao J, Belousoff MJ, Liang YL, Johnson RM, Josephs TM, Fletcher MM, Christopoulos A, Hay DL, Danev R, Wootten D, Sexton PM. A structural basis for amylin receptor phenotype. Science 2022; 375:eabm9609. [PMID: 35324283 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm9609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amylin receptors (AMYRs) are heterodimers of the calcitonin (CT) receptor (CTR) and one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), AMY1R, AMY2R, and AMY3R. Selective AMYR agonists and dual AMYR/CTR agonists are being developed as obesity treatments; however, the molecular basis for peptide binding and selectivity is unknown. We determined the structure and dynamics of active AMYRs with amylin, AMY1R with salmon CT (sCT), AMY2R with sCT or human CT (hCT), and CTR with amylin, sCT, or hCT. The conformation of amylin-bound complexes was similar for all AMYRs, constrained by the RAMP, and an ordered midpeptide motif that we call the bypass motif. The CT-bound AMYR complexes were distinct, overlapping the CT-bound CTR complexes. Our findings indicate that activation of AMYRs by CT-based peptides is distinct from their activation by amylin-based peptides. This has important implications for the development of AMYR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Cao
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M Johnson
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine M Fletcher
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, N415, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.,ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Zhao P, Truong TT, Merlin J, Sexton PM, Wootten D. Implications of ligand-receptor binding kinetics on GLP-1R signalling. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:114985. [PMID: 35300966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of membrane proteins and in recent years there has been a growing appreciation of the importance in understanding temporal aspects of GPCR behaviour, including the kinetics of ligand binding and downstream receptor mediated signalling. Class B1 GPCRs are activated by peptide agonists and are validated therapeutic targets for numerous diseases. However, the kinetics of ligand binding and how this is linked to downstream activation of signalling cascades is not routinely assessed in development of peptide agonists for this receptor class. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a prototypical class B1 GPCR and a validated target for treatment of global health burdens, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this study we examined the kinetics of different steps in GLP-1R activation and subsequent cAMP production mediated by a series of GLP-1R peptide agonists, including the ligand-receptor interaction, ligand-receptor-mediated G protein engagement and conformational change and cAMP production. Our results revealed GLP-1R peptide agonist dissociation kinetics (Koff), but not association kinetics (Kon), were positively correlated with the onset of receptor-G protein coupling/conformational change, onset of cAMP production and duration of cAMP signalling. Thus, this study advances the understanding of molecular events that couple GLP-1R ligand binding to intracellular signaling, with the findings likely to have implications for mechanistic understanding of agonist action at other related class B1 GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Tin T Truong
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins (CCeMMP), Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
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20
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Liu M, Zhao P, Uddin MH, Li W, Lin F, Chandrashekar C, Nishiuchi Y, Kajihara Y, Forbes BE, Wootten D, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of a Nonfibrillating Glycoglucagon. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2148-2153. [PMID: 34494823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The current commercially available glucagon formulations for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia must be reconstituted immediately prior to use, owing to the susceptibility of glucagon to fibrillation and aggregation in an aqueous solution. This results in the inconvenience of handling, misuse, and wastage of this drug. To address these issues, we synthesized a glycosylated glucagon analogue in which the 25th residue (Trp) was replaced with a cysteine (Cys) and a Br-disialyloligosaccharide was conjugated at the Cys thiol moiety. The resulting analogue, glycoglucagon, is a highly potent full agonist at the glucagon receptor. Importantly, glycoglucagon exhibits markedly reduced propensity for fibrillation and enhanced thermal and metabolic stability. This novel analogue is thus a valuable lead for producing stable liquid glucagon formulations that will improve patient compliance and minimize wastage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Md Hemayet Uddin
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Briony E Forbes
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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21
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Deganutti G, Atanasio S, Rujan RM, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Reynolds CA. Exploring Ligand Binding to Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptors. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:720561. [PMID: 34513925 PMCID: PMC8427520 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.720561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Class B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important targets for many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. All the approved drugs for this receptor family are peptides that mimic the endogenous activating hormones. An understanding of how agonists bind and activate class B1 GPCRs is fundamental for the development of therapeutic small molecules. We combined supervised molecular dynamics (SuMD) and classic molecular dynamics (cMD) simulations to study the binding of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the CGRP receptor (CGRPR). We also evaluated the association and dissociation of the antagonist telcagepant from the extracellular domain (ECD) of CGRPR and the water network perturbation upon binding. This study, which represents the first example of dynamic docking of a class B1 GPCR peptide, delivers insights on several aspects of ligand binding to CGRPR, expanding understanding of the role of the ECD and the receptor-activity modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) on agonist selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Atanasio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Roxana-Maria Rujan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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22
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Yuliantie E, van der Velden WJC, Labroska V, Dai A, Zhao F, Darbalaei S, Deganutti G, Xu T, Zhou Q, Yang D, Rosenkilde MM, Sexton PM, Wang MW, Wootten D. Insights into agonist-elicited activation of the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114715. [PMID: 34339714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and its receptor (GIPR) are part of the incretin system that regulates glucose homeostasis. A series of GIPR residues putatively important for ligand binding and receptor activation were mutated and pharmacologically evaluated using GIPR selective agonists in cAMP accumulation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK1/2) and β-arrestin 2 recruitment assays. The impact of mutation on ligand efficacy was determined by operational modelling of experimental data for each mutant, with results mapped onto the full-length, active-state GIPR structure. Two interaction networks, comprising transmembrane helix (TM) 7, TM1 and TM2, and extracellular loop (ECL) 2, TM5 and ECL3 were revealed, respectively. Both networks were critical for Gαs-mediated cAMP accumulation and the recruitment of β-arrestin 2, however, cAMP response was more sensitive to alanine substitution, with most mutated residues displaying reduced signaling. Unlike the other two assays, activation of ERK1/2 was largely independent of the network involving ECL2, TM5 and ECL3, indicating that pERK1/2 is at least partially distinct from Gαs or β-arrestin pathways and this network is also crucial for potential biased agonism at GIPR. Collectively, our work advances understanding of the structure-function relationship of GIPR and provides a framework for the design and/or interpretation of GIP analogues with unique signaling profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elita Yuliantie
- The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Viktorija Labroska
- The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Antao Dai
- The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fenghui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sanaz Darbalaei
- The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
| | - Tongyang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark.
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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23
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Danev R, Belousoff M, Liang YL, Zhang X, Eisenstein F, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Routine sub-2.5 Å cryo-EM structure determination of GPCRs. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4333. [PMID: 34267200 PMCID: PMC8282782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of small membrane proteins, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), remains challenging. Pushing the performance boundaries of the technique requires quantitative knowledge about the contribution of multiple factors. Here, we present an in-depth analysis and optimization of the main experimental parameters in cryo-EM. We combined actual structural studies with methods development to quantify the effects of the Volta phase plate, zero-loss energy filtering, objective lens aperture, defocus magnitude, total exposure, and grid type. By using this information to carefully maximize the experimental performance, it is now possible to routinely determine GPCR structures at resolutions better than 2.5 Å. The improved fidelity of such maps enables the building of better atomic models and will be crucial for the future expansion of cryo-EM into the structure-based drug design domain. The optimization guidelines given here are not limited to GPCRs and can be applied directly to other small proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Matthew Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Confo Therapeutics, Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium
| | - Xin Zhang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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24
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Zhang X, Belousoff MJ, Liang YL, Danev R, Sexton PM, Wootten D. Structure and dynamics of semaglutide- and taspoglutide-bound GLP-1R-Gs complexes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109374. [PMID: 34260945 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) regulates insulin secretion, carbohydrate metabolism, and appetite and is an important target for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Multiple GLP-1R agonists have entered into clinical trials, with some, such as semaglutide, progressing to approval. Others, including taspoglutide, failed due to the high incidence of side effects or insufficient efficacy. GLP-1R agonists have a broad spectrum of signaling profiles, but molecular understanding is limited by a lack of structural information on how different agonists engage with the GLP-1R. Here, we report cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures and cryo-EM 3D variability analysis of semaglutide- and taspoglutide-bound GLP-1R-Gs protein complexes. These reveal similar peptide interactions to GLP-1 but different motions within the receptor and bound peptides, providing insights into the molecular determinants of GLP-1R peptide engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, S402, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
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25
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Zhang X, Johnson RM, Drulyte I, Yu L, Kotecha A, Danev R, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Belousoff MJ. Evolving cryo-EM structural approaches for GPCR drug discovery. Structure 2021; 29:963-974.e6. [PMID: 33957078 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell surface drug targets. Advances in stabilization of GPCR:transducer complexes, together with improvements in cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) have recently been applied to structure-assisted drug design for GPCR agonists. Nonetheless, limitations in the commercial application of these approaches, including the use of nanobody 35 (Nb35) to aid complex stabilization and the high cost of 300 kV imaging, have restricted broad application of cryo-EM in drug discovery. Here, using the PF 06882961-bound GLP-1R as exemplar, we validated the formation of stable complexes with a modified Gs protein in the absence of Nb35. In parallel, we compare 200 versus 300 kV image acquisition using a Falcon 4 or K3 direct electron detector. Moreover, the 200 kV Glacios-Falcon 4 yielded a 3.2 Å map with clear density for bound drug and multiple structurally ordered waters. Our work paves the way for broader commercial application of cryo-EM for GPCR drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel M Johnson
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Ieva Drulyte
- Materials and Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord, 5651 GG Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lingbo Yu
- Materials and Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord, 5651 GG Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Abhay Kotecha
- Materials and Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord, 5651 GG Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, N415, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia.
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26
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Josephs TM, Belousoff MJ, Liang YL, Piper SJ, Cao J, Garama DJ, Leach K, Gregory KJ, Christopoulos A, Hay DL, Danev R, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Structure and dynamics of the CGRP receptor in apo and peptide-bound forms. Science 2021; 372:science.abf7258. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abf7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M. Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Piper
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jianjun Cao
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Garama
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, N415, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Fletcher MM, Keov P, Truong TT, Mennen G, Hick CA, Zhao P, Furness SG, Kruse T, Clausen TR, Wootten D, Sexton PM. AM833 Is a Novel Agonist of Calcitonin Family G Protein–Coupled Receptors: Pharmacological Comparison with Six Selective and Nonselective Agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:417-440. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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28
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Harikumar KG, Coudrat T, Desai AJ, Dong M, Dengler DG, Furness SGB, Christopoulos A, Wootten D, Sergienko EA, Sexton PM, Miller LJ. Discovery of a Positive Allosteric Modulator of Cholecystokinin Action at CCK1R in Normal and Elevated Cholesterol. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:789957. [PMID: 34950108 PMCID: PMC8689142 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.789957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs useful in prevention/treatment of obesity could improve health. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a key regulator of appetite, working through the type 1 CCK receptor (CCK1R); however, full agonists have not stimulated more weight loss than dieting. We proposed an alternate strategy to target this receptor, while reducing likelihood of side effects and/or toxicity. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with minimal intrinsic agonist activity would enhance CCK action, while maintaining spatial and temporal characteristics of physiologic signaling. This could correct abnormal stimulus-activity coupling observed in a high-cholesterol environment observed in obesity. We utilized high-throughput screening to identify a molecule with this pharmacological profile and studied its basis of action. Compound 1 was a weak partial agonist, with PAM activity to enhance CCK action at CCK1R, but not CCK2R, maintained in both normal and high cholesterol. Compound 1 (10 µM) did not exhibit agonist activity or stimulate internalization of CCK1R. It enhanced CCK activity by slowing the off-rate of bound hormone, increasing its binding affinity. Computational docking of Compound 1 to CCK1R yielded plausible poses. A radioiodinatable photolabile analogue retained Compound 1 pharmacology and covalently labeled CCK1R Thr211, consistent with one proposed pose. Our study identifies a novel, selective, CCK1R PAM that binds to the receptor to enhance action of CCK-8 and CCK-58 in both normal and disease-mimicking high-cholesterol environments. This facilitates the development of compounds that target the physiologic spatial and temporal engagement of CCK1R by CCK that underpins its critical role in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleeckal G. Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Thomas Coudrat
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC (Australian Research Council) Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aditya J. Desai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Maoqing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Daniela G. Dengler
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sebastian G. B. Furness
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC (Australian Research Council) Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC (Australian Research Council) Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Eduard A. Sergienko
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- ARC (Australian Research Council) Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Laurence J. Miller,
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29
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Miller LJ, Harikumar KG, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Roles of Cholecystokinin in the Nutritional Continuum. Physiology and Potential Therapeutics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:684656. [PMID: 34149622 PMCID: PMC8206557 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.684656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin is a gastrointestinal peptide hormone with important roles in metabolic physiology and the maintenance of normal nutritional status, as well as potential roles in the prevention and management of obesity, currently one of the dominant causes of direct or indirect morbidity and mortality. In this review, we discuss the roles of this hormone and its receptors in maintaining nutritional homeostasis, with a particular focus on appetite control. Targeting this action led to the development of full agonists of the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor that have so far failed in clinical trials for obesity. The possible reasons for clinical failure are discussed, along with alternative pharmacologic strategies to target this receptor for prevention and management of obesity, including development of biased agonists and allosteric modulators. Cellular cholesterol is a natural modulator of the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor, with elevated levels disrupting normal stimulus-activity coupling. The molecular basis for this is discussed, along with strategies to overcome this challenge with a corrective positive allosteric modulator. There remains substantial scope for development of drugs to target the type 1 cholecystokinin receptor with these new pharmacologic strategies and such drugs may provide new approaches for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Laurence J. Miller,
| | - Kaleeckal G. Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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30
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Zhang X, Belousoff MJ, Zhao P, Kooistra AJ, Truong TT, Ang SY, Underwood CR, Egebjerg T, Šenel P, Stewart GD, Liang YL, Glukhova A, Venugopal H, Christopoulos A, Furness SGB, Miller LJ, Reedtz-Runge S, Langmead CJ, Gloriam DE, Danev R, Sexton PM, Wootten D. Differential GLP-1R Binding and Activation by Peptide and Non-peptide Agonists. Mol Cell 2020; 80:485-500.e7. [PMID: 33027691 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptide drugs targeting class B1 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can treat multiple diseases; however, there remains substantial interest in the development of orally delivered non-peptide drugs. Here, we reveal unexpected overlap between signaling and regulation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor by the non-peptide agonist PF 06882961 and GLP-1 that was not observed for another compound, CHU-128. Compounds from these patent series, including PF 06882961, are currently in clinical trials for treatment of type 2 diabetes. High-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures reveal that the binding sites for PF 06882961 and GLP-1 substantially overlap, whereas CHU-128 adopts a unique binding mode with a more open receptor conformation at the extracellular face. Structural differences involving extensive water-mediated hydrogen bond networks could be correlated to functional data to understand how PF 06882961, but not CHU-128, can closely mimic the pharmacological properties of GLP-1. These findings will facilitate rational structure-based discovery of non-peptide agonists targeting class B GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Albert J Kooistra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tin T Truong
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sheng Yu Ang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Petr Šenel
- Apigenex, Poděbradská 173/5, Prague 9 190 00, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hari Venugopal
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, N415, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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31
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Darbalaei S, Yuliantie E, Dai A, Chang R, Zhao P, Yang D, Wang MW, Sexton PM, Wootten D. Evaluation of biased agonism mediated by dual agonists of the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Dehvari N, Sato M, Bokhari MH, Kalinovich A, Ham S, Gao J, Nguyen HTM, Whiting L, Mukaida S, Merlin J, Chia LY, Wootten D, Summers RJ, Evans BA, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS. The metabolic effects of mirabegron are mediated primarily by β 3 -adrenoceptors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00643. [PMID: 32813332 PMCID: PMC7437350 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β3 -adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron is approved for use for overactive bladder and has been purported to be useful in the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases in humans, including those involving disturbances of glucose homeostasis. We investigated the effect of mirabegron on glucose homeostasis with in vitro and in vivo models, focusing on its selectivity at β-adrenoceptors, ability to cause browning of white adipocytes, and the role of UCP1 in glucose homeostasis. In mouse brown, white, and brite adipocytes, mirabegron-mediated effects were examined on cyclic AMP, UCP1 mRNA, [3 H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake, cellular glycolysis, and O2 consumption. Mirabegron increased cyclic AMP levels, UCP1 mRNA content, glucose uptake, and cellular glycolysis in brown adipocytes, and these effects were either absent or reduced in white adipocytes. In brite adipocytes, mirabegron increased cyclic AMP levels and UCP1 mRNA content resulting in increased UCP1-mediated oxygen consumption, glucose uptake, and cellular glycolysis. The metabolic effects of mirabegron in both brown and brite adipocytes were primarily due to actions at β3 -adrenoceptors as they were largely absent in adipocytes derived from β3 -adrenoceptor knockout mice. In vivo, mirabegron increased whole body oxygen consumption, glucose uptake into brown and inguinal white adipose tissue, and improved glucose tolerance, all effects that required the presence of the β3 -adrenoceptor. Furthermore, in UCP1 knockout mice, the effects of mirabegron on glucose tolerance were attenuated. Thus, mirabegron had effects on cellular metabolism in adipocytes that improved glucose handling in vivo, and were primarily due to actions at the β3 -adrenoceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodi Dehvari
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Muhammad Hamza Bokhari
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Anastasia Kalinovich
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Seungmin Ham
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Jie Gao
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Huong T. M. Nguyen
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Lynda Whiting
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Saori Mukaida
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Roger J. Summers
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Bronwyn A. Evans
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Dana S. Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery BiologyMonash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkvilleVic.Australia
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33
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Dong M, Deganutti G, Piper SJ, Liang YL, Khoshouei M, Belousoff MJ, Harikumar KG, Reynolds CA, Glukhova A, Furness SGB, Christopoulos A, Danev R, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Miller LJ. Structure and dynamics of the active Gs-coupled human secretin receptor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4137. [PMID: 32811827 PMCID: PMC7435274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The class B secretin GPCR (SecR) has broad physiological effects, with target potential for treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Molecular understanding of SecR binding and activation is important for its therapeutic exploitation. We combined cryo-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics, and biochemical cross-linking to determine a 2.3 Å structure, and interrogate dynamics, of secretin bound to the SecR:Gs complex. SecR exhibited a unique organization of its extracellular domain (ECD) relative to its 7-transmembrane (TM) core, forming more extended interactions than other family members. Numerous polar interactions formed between secretin and the receptor extracellular loops (ECLs) and TM helices. Cysteine-cross-linking, cryo-electron microscopy multivariate analysis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that interactions between peptide and receptor were dynamic, and suggested a model for initial peptide engagement where early interactions between the far N-terminus of the peptide and SecR ECL2 likely occur following initial binding of the peptide C-terminus to the ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Alison Gingell Building, Coventry University, CV1 2DS, Coventry, UK
| | - Sarah J Piper
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Maryam Khoshouei
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kaleeckal G Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | | | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, N415, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
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34
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Chang R, Zhang X, Qiao A, Dai A, Belousoff MJ, Tan Q, Shao L, Zhong L, Lin G, Liang YL, Ma L, Han S, Yang D, Danev R, Wang MW, Wootten D, Wu B, Sexton PM. Cryo-electron microscopy structure of the glucagon receptor with a dual-agonist peptide. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9313-9325. [PMID: 32371397 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unimolecular dual agonists of the glucagon (GCG) receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are a new class of drugs that are potentially superior to GLP-1R-specific agonists for the management of metabolic disease. The dual-agonist, peptide 15 (P15), is a glutamic acid 16 analog of GCG with GLP-1 peptide substitutions between amino acids 17 and 24 that has potency equivalent to those of the cognate peptide agonists at the GCGR and GLP-1R. Here, we have used cryo-EM to solve the structure of an active P15-GCGR-Gs complex and compared this structure to our recently published structure of the GCGR-Gs complex bound to GCG. This comparison revealed that P15 has a reduced interaction with the first extracellular loop (ECL1) and the top of transmembrane segment 1 (TM1) such that there is increased mobility of the GCGR extracellular domain and at the C terminus of the peptide compared with the GCG-bound receptor. We also observed a distinct conformation of ECL3 and could infer increased mobility of the far N-terminal His-1 residue in the P15-bound structure. These regions of conformational variance in the two peptide-bound GCGR structures were also regions that were distinct between GCGR structures and previously published peptide-bound structures of the GLP-1R, suggesting that greater conformational dynamics may contribute to the increased efficacy of P15 in activation of the GLP-1R compared with GCG. The variable domains in this receptor have previously been implicated in biased agonism at the GLP-1R and could result in altered signaling of P15 at the GCGR compared with GCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulue Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Qiao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antao Dai
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qiuxiang Tan
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Shao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyao Lin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Limin Ma
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Han
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Denise Wootten
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beili Wu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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35
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Liang YL, Belousoff MJ, Fletcher MM, Zhang X, Khoshouei M, Deganutti G, Koole C, Furness SGB, Miller LJ, Hay DL, Christopoulos A, Reynolds CA, Danev R, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Structure and Dynamics of Adrenomedullin Receptors AM 1 and AM 2 Reveal Key Mechanisms in the Control of Receptor Phenotype by Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:263-284. [PMID: 32296767 PMCID: PMC7155201 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors are critically important for metabolism, vascular tone, and inflammatory response. AM receptors are also required for normal lymphatic and blood vascular development and angiogenesis. They play a pivotal role in embryo implantation and fertility and can provide protection against hypoxic and oxidative stress. CGRP and AM receptors are heterodimers of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) (CGRPR), as well as RAMP2 or RAMP3 (AM1R and AM2R, respectively). However, the mechanistic basis for RAMP modulation of CLR phenotype is unclear. In this study, we report the cryo-EM structure of the AM1R in complex with AM and Gs at a global resolution of 3.0 Å, and structures of the AM2R in complex with either AM or intermedin/adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) and Gs at 2.4 and 2.3 Å, respectively. The structures reveal distinctions in the primary orientation of the extracellular domains (ECDs) relative to the receptor core and distinct positioning of extracellular loop 3 (ECL3) that are receptor-dependent. Analysis of dynamic data present in the cryo-EM micrographs revealed additional distinctions in the extent of mobility of the ECDs. Chimeric exchange of the linker region of the RAMPs connecting the TM helix and the ECD supports a role for this segment in controlling receptor phenotype. Moreover, a subset of the motions of the ECD appeared coordinated with motions of the G protein relative to the receptor core, suggesting that receptor ECD dynamics could influence G protein interactions. This work provides fundamental advances in our understanding of GPCR function and how this can be allosterically modulated by accessory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Belousoff
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Madeleine M. Fletcher
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xin Zhang
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maryam Khoshouei
- Department
of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck
Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Koole
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian G. B. Furness
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School
of Biological Sciences, and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate
School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, S402, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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36
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Garelja M, Au M, Brimble MA, Gingell JJ, Hendrikse ER, Lovell A, Prodan N, Sexton PM, Siow A, Walker CS, Watkins HA, Williams GM, Wootten D, Yang SH, Harris PWR, Hay DL. Molecular Mechanisms of Class B GPCR Activation: Insights from Adrenomedullin Receptors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:246-262. [PMID: 32296766 PMCID: PMC7155197 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a 52 amino acid peptide that plays a regulatory role in the vasculature. Receptors for AM comprise the class B G protein-coupled receptor, the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR), in complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). The C-terminus of AM is involved in binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor, while the N-terminus is proposed to interact with the juxtamembranous portion of the receptor to activate signaling. There is currently limited information on the molecular determinants involved in AM signaling, thus we set out to define the importance of the AM N-terminus through five signaling pathways (cAMP production, ERK phosphorylation, CREB phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, and IP1 production). We characterized the three CLR:RAMP complexes through the five pathways, finding that each had a distinct repertoire of intracellular signaling pathways that it is able to regulate. We then performed an alanine scan of AM from residues 15-31 and found that most residues could be substituted with only small effects on signaling, and that most substitutions affected signaling through all receptors and pathways in a similar manner. We identify F18, T20, L26, and I30 as being critical for AM function, while also identifying an analogue (AM15-52 G19A) which has unique signaling properties relative to the unmodified AM. We interpret our findings in the context of new structural information, highlighting the complementary nature of structural biology and functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
L. Garelja
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Maggie Au
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Joseph J. Gingell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Erica R. Hendrikse
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Annie Lovell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Prodan
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Siow
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Harriet A. Watkins
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M. Williams
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sung H. Yang
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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37
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Qiao A, Han S, Li X, Li Z, Zhao P, Dai A, Chang R, Tai L, Tan Q, Chu X, Ma L, Thorsen TS, Reedtz-Runge S, Yang D, Wang MW, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Sun F, Zhao Q, Wu B. Structural basis of G s and G i recognition by the human glucagon receptor. Science 2020; 367:1346-1352. [PMID: 32193322 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz5346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Class B G protein-coupled receptors, an important class of therapeutic targets, signal mainly through the Gs class of heterotrimeric G proteins, although they do display some promiscuity in G protein binding. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of the human glucagon receptor (GCGR) bound to glucagon and distinct classes of heterotrimeric G proteins, Gs or Gi1 These two structures adopt a similar open binding cavity to accommodate Gs and Gi1 The Gs binding selectivity of GCGR is explained by a larger interaction interface, but there are specific interactions that affect Gi more than Gs binding. Conformational differences in the receptor intracellular loops were found to be key selectivity determinants. These distinctions in transducer engagement were supported by mutagenesis and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinmei Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, National Center of Protein Science-Beijing, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Antao Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rulve Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linhua Tai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, National Center of Protein Science-Beijing, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiuxiang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Limin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | | | - Dehua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.,Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China. .,Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fei Sun
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. .,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, National Center of Protein Science-Beijing, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Beili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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38
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Dong M, Harikumar KG, Raval SR, Milburn JE, Clark C, Alcala-Torano R, Mobarec JC, Reynolds CA, Ghirlanda G, Christopoulos A, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Miller LJ. Rational development of a high-affinity secretin receptor antagonist. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113929. [PMID: 32217097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The secretin receptor is a prototypic class B GPCR with substantial and broad pharmacologic importance. The aim of this project was to develop a high affinity selective antagonist as a new and important pharmacologic tool and to aid stabilization of this receptor in an inactive conformation for ultimate structural characterization. Amino-terminal truncation of the natural 27-residue ligand reduced biological activity, but also markedly reduced binding affinity. This was rationally and experimentally overcome with lactam stabilization of helical structure and with replacement of residues with natural and unnatural amino acids. A key new step in this effort was the replacement of peptide residue Leu22 with L-cyclohexylalanine (Cha) to enhance potential hydrophobic interactions with receptor residues Leu31, Val34, and Phe92 that were predicted from molecular modeling. Alanine-replacement mutagenesis of these residues markedly affected ligand binding and biological activity. The optimal antagonist ligand, (Y10,c[E16,K20],I17,Cha22,R25)sec(6-27), exhibited high binding affinity (4 nM), similar to natural secretin, and exhibited no demonstrable biological activity to stimulate cAMP accumulation, intracellular calcium mobilization, or β-arrestin-2 translocation. It acts as an orthosteric competitive antagonist, predicted to bind within the peptide-binding groove in the receptor extracellular domain. The analogous peptide that was one residue longer, retaining Thr5, exhibited partial agonist activity, while further truncation of even a single residue (Phe6) reduced binding affinity. This sec(6-27)-based peptide will be an important new tool for pharmacological and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Kaleeckal G Harikumar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Sweta R Raval
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Juliana E Milburn
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States
| | - Carolyn Clark
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Rafael Alcala-Torano
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Juan C Mobarec
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Giovanna Ghirlanda
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States.
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39
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Liang YL, Belousoff MJ, Zhao P, Koole C, Fletcher MM, Truong TT, Julita V, Christopoulos G, Xu HE, Zhang Y, Khoshouei M, Christopoulos A, Danev R, Sexton PM, Wootten D. Toward a Structural Understanding of Class B GPCR Peptide Binding and Activation. Mol Cell 2020; 77:656-668.e5. [PMID: 32004469 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important therapeutic targets for major diseases. Here, we present structures of peptide and Gs-bound pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide, PAC1 receptor, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), (CRF1) receptor. Together with recently solved structures, these provide coverage of the major class B GPCR subfamilies. Diverse orientations of the extracellular domain to the receptor core in different receptors are at least partially dependent on evolutionary conservation in the structure and nature of peptide interactions. Differences in peptide interactions to the receptor core also influence the interlinked TM2-TM1-TM6/ECL3/TM7 domain, and this is likely important in their diverse signaling. However, common conformational reorganization of ECL2, linked to reorganization of ICL2, modulates G protein contacts. Comparison between receptors reveals ICL2 as a key domain forming dynamic G protein interactions in a receptor- and ligand-specific manner. This work advances our understanding of class B GPCR activation and Gs coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Belousoff
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Koole
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine M Fletcher
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Tin T Truong
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Villy Julita
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - George Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Innovation and Integration Program, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Departments of Biophysics and Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Maryam Khoshouei
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Radostin Danev
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, S402, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, VIC, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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40
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Ma S, Shen Q, Zhao LH, Mao C, Zhou XE, Shen DD, de Waal PW, Bi P, Li C, Jiang Y, Wang MW, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Melcher K, Zhang Y, Xu HE. Molecular Basis for Hormone Recognition and Activation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors. Mol Cell 2020; 77:669-680.e4. [PMID: 32004470 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and the three related peptides urocortins 1-3 (UCN1-UCN3) are endocrine hormones that control the stress responses by activating CRF1R and CRF2R, two members of class B G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we present two cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of UCN1-bound CRF1R and CRF2R with the stimulatory G protein. In both structures, UCN1 adopts a single straight helix with its N terminus dipped into the receptor transmembrane bundle. Although the peptide-binding residues in CRF1R and CRF2R are different from other members of class B GPCRs, the residues involved in receptor activation and G protein coupling are conserved. In addition, both structures reveal bound cholesterol molecules to the receptor transmembrane helices. Our structures define the basis of ligand-binding specificity in the CRF receptor-hormone system, establish a common mechanism of class B GPCR activation and G protein coupling, and provide a paradigm for studying membrane protein-lipid interactions for class B GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingya Shen
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chunyou Mao
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Parker W de Waal
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Peng Bi
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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41
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Liu S, Jean-Alphonse FG, White AD, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Gardella TJ, Vilardaga JP, Gellman SH. Use of Backbone Modification To Enlarge the Spatiotemporal Diversity of Parathyroid Hormone Receptor-1 Signaling via Biased Agonism. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14486-14490. [PMID: 31496241 PMCID: PMC6930011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The type-1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR1), which regulates calcium homeostasis and tissue development, has two native agonists, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP). PTH forms a complex with the PTHR1 that is rapidly internalized and induces prolonged cAMP production from endosomes. In contrast, PTHrP induces only transient cAMP production, which primarily arises from receptors on the cell surface. We show that backbone modification of PTH(1-34)-NH2 and abaloparatide (a PTHrP derivative) with a single homologous β-amino acid residue can generate biased agonists that induce prolonged cAMP production from receptors at the cell surface. This unique spatiotemporal profile could be useful for distinguishing effects associated with the duration of cAMP production from effects associated with the site of cAMP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | | | | | - Denise Wootten
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | | | - Samuel H Gellman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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42
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Levine PM, Balana AT, Sturchler E, Koole C, Noda H, Zarzycka B, Daley EJ, Truong TT, Katritch V, Gardella TJ, Wootten D, Sexton PM, McDonald P, Pratt MR. O-GlcNAc Engineering of GPCR Peptide-Agonists Improves Their Stability and in Vivo Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14210-14219. [PMID: 31418572 PMCID: PMC6860926 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peptide agonists of GPCRs and other receptors are powerful signaling molecules with high potential as biological tools and therapeutics, but they are typically plagued by instability and short half-lives in vivo. Nature uses protein glycosylation to increase the serum stability of secreted proteins. However, these extracellular modifications are complex and heterogeneous in structure, making them an impractical solution. In contrast, intracellular proteins are subjected to a simple version of glycosylation termed O-GlcNAc modification. In our studies of this modification, we found that O-GlcNAcylation inhibits proteolysis, and strikingly, this stabilization occurs despite large distances in primary sequence (10-15 amino acids) between the O-GlcNAc and the site of cleavage. We therefore hypothesized that this "remote stabilization" concept could be useful to engineer the stability and potentially additional properties of peptide or protein therapeutics. Here, we describe the application of O-GlcNAcylation to two clinically important peptides: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the parathyroid hormone (PTH), which respectively help control glucose and calcium levels in the blood. For both peptides, we found O-GlcNAcylated analogs that are equipotent to unmodified peptide in cell-based activation assays, while several GLP-1 analogs were biased agonists relative to GLP-1. As we predicted, O-GlcNAcylation can improve the stability of both GLP-1 and PTH in serum despite the fact that the O-GlcNAc can be quite remote from characterized sites of peptide cleavage. The O-GlcNAcylated GLP-1 and PTH also displayed significantly improved in vivo activity. Finally, we employed structure-based molecular modeling and receptor mutagenesis to predict how O-GlcNAcylation can be accommodated by the receptors and the potential interactions that contribute to peptide activity. This approach demonstrates the potential of O-GlcNAcylation for generating analogs of therapeutic peptides with enhanced proteolytic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel Sturchler
- Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Cassandra Koole
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Hiroshi Noda
- Endocrine Unit , Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | | | - Eileen J Daley
- Endocrine Unit , Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Tin T Truong
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Bridge Institute , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit , Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02114 , United States
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology , Monash University , Parkville , VIC 3052 , Australia
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , United States
| | - Matthew R Pratt
- Bridge Institute , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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43
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Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the structure and function of class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) provide multiple opportunities for targeted development of allosteric modulators. Given the pleiotropic signaling patterns emanating from these receptors in response to a variety of natural agonist ligands, modulators have the potential to sculpt the responses to meet distinct needs of different groups of patients. In this review, we provide insights into how this family of GPCRs differs from the rest of the superfamily, how orthosteric agonists bind and activate these receptors, the potential for allosteric modulators to interact with various regions of these targets, and the allosteric influence of endogenous proteins on the pharmacology of these receptors, all of which are important considerations when developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia; .,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia; .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA;
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Pham V, Zhu Y, Dal Maso E, Reynolds CA, Deganutti G, Atanasio S, Hick CA, Yang D, Christopoulos A, Hay DL, Furness SGB, Wang MW, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Deconvoluting the Molecular Control of Binding and Signaling at the Amylin 3 Receptor: RAMP3 Alters Signal Propagation through Extracellular Loops of the Calcitonin Receptor. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:183-197. [PMID: 32219220 PMCID: PMC7088965 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amylin is coexpressed with insulin in pancreatic islet β-cells and has potent effects on gastric emptying and food intake. The effect of amylin on satiation has been postulated to involve AMY3 receptors (AMY3R) that are heteromers of the calcitonin receptor (CTR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 3 (RAMP3). Understanding the molecular control of signaling through the AMY3R is thus important for peptide drug targeting of this receptor. We have previously used alanine scanning mutagenesis to study the contribution of the extracellular surface of the CTR to binding and signaling initiated by calcitonin (CT) and related peptides (Dal Maso, E., et al. (2019) The molecular control of calcitonin receptor signaling. ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci. 2, 31-51). That work revealed ligand- and pathway-specific effects of mutation, with extracellular loops (ECLs) 2 and 3 particularly important in the distinct propagation of signaling mediated by individual peptides. In the current study, we have used equivalent alanine scanning of ECL2 and ECL3 of the CTR in the context of coexpression with RAMP3 to form AMY3Rs, to examine functional affinity and efficacy of peptides in cAMP accumulation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation (pERK). The effect of mutation was determined on representatives of the three major distinct classes of CT peptide, salmon CT (sCT), human CT (hCT), and porcine CT (pCT), as well as rat amylin (rAmy) or human α-CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide, hCGRP) whose potency is enhanced by RAMP interaction. We demonstrate that the dynamic nature of CTR ECL2 and ECL3 in propagation of signaling is fundamentally altered when complexed with RAMP3 to form the AMY3R, despite only having predicted direct interactions with ECL2. Moreover, the work shows that the role of these loops in receptor signaling is highly peptide dependent, illustrating that even subtle changes to peptide sequence may change signaling output downstream of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Pham
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yue Zhu
- The
National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Emma Dal Maso
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K.
| | - Silvia Atanasio
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K.
| | - Caroline A. Hick
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dehua Yang
- The
National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- The
University of Auckland, School of Biological
Sciences, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sebastian G. B. Furness
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The
National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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45
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Hutchinson DS, Dehvari N, Sato M, Gao J, Whiting L, Kalinovich A, Mukaida S, Merlin J, Wootten D, Summers RJ, Evans BA, Bengtsson T. Metabolic effects of mirabegron in primary adipocytes in vitro, and on metabolic parameters in vivo. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ostrovskaya A, Hick C, Hutchinson DS, Stringer BW, Wookey PJ, Wootten D, Sexton PM, Furness SGB. Expression and activity of the calcitonin receptor family in a sample of primary human high-grade gliomas. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:157. [PMID: 30777055 PMCID: PMC6379965 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5369-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain cancer. With median survival of less than 15 months, identification and validation of new GBM therapeutic targets is of critical importance. Results In this study we tested expression and performed pharmacological characterization of the calcitonin receptor (CTR) as well as other members of the calcitonin family of receptors in high-grade glioma (HGG) cell lines derived from individual patient tumours, cultured in defined conditions. Previous immunohistochemical data demonstrated CTR expression in GBM biopsies and we were able to confirm CALCR (gene encoding CTR) expression. However, as assessed by cAMP accumulation assay, only one of the studied cell lines expressed functional CTR, while the other cell lines have functional CGRP (CLR/RAMP1) receptors. The only CTR-expressing cell line (SB2b) showed modest coupling to the cAMP pathway and no activation of other known CTR signaling pathways, including ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases, and Ca2+ mobilization, supportive of low cell surface receptor expression. Exome sequencing data failed to account for the discrepancy between functional data and expression on the cell lines that do not respond to calcitonin(s) with no deleterious non-synonymous polymorphisms detected, suggesting that other factors may be at play, such as alternative splicing or rapid constitutive receptor internalisation. Conclusions This study shows that GPCR signaling can display significant variation depending on cellular system used, and effects seen in model recombinant cell lines or tumour cell lines are not always reproduced in a more physiologically relevant system and vice versa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5369-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ostrovskaya
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Caroline Hick
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Brett W Stringer
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter J Wookey
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology (Austin Health, Heidelberg), University of Melbourne, Lance Townsend Building, Level 10, Austin Campus, Studley Road, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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47
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dal Maso E, Glukhova A, Zhu Y, Garcia-Nafria J, Tate CG, Atanasio S, Reynolds CA, Ramírez-Aportela E, Carazo JM, Hick CA, Furness SGB, Hay DL, Liang YL, Miller LJ, Christopoulos A, Wang MW, Wootten D, Sexton PM. The Molecular Control of Calcitonin Receptor Signaling. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:31-51. [PMID: 32219215 PMCID: PMC7088896 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The calcitonin receptor (CTR) is a class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that responds to the peptide hormone calcitonin (CT). CTs are clinically approved for the treatment of bone diseases. We previously reported a 4.1 Å structure of the activated CTR bound to salmon CT (sCT) and heterotrimeric Gs protein by cryo-electron microscopy (Liang, Y.-L., et al. Phase-plate cryo- EM structure of a class B GPCR-G protein complex. Nature 2017, 546, 118-123). In the current study, we have reprocessed the electron micrographs to yield a 3.3 Å map of the complex. This has allowed us to model extracellular loops (ECLs) 2 and 3, and the peptide N-terminus that previously could not be resolved. We have also performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of ECL1 and the upper segment of transmembrane helix 1 (TM1) and its extension into the receptor extracellular domain (TM1 stalk), with effects on peptide binding and function assessed by cAMP accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These data were combined with previously published alanine scanning mutagenesis of ECL2 and ECL3 and the new structural information to provide a comprehensive 3D map of the molecular surface of the CTR that controls binding and signaling of distinct CT and related peptides. The work highlights distinctions in how different, related, class B receptors may be activated. The new mutational data on the TM1 stalk and ECL1 have also provided critical insights into the divergent control of cAMP versus pERK signaling and, collectively with previous mutagenesis data, offer evidence that the conformations linked to these different signaling pathways are, in many ways, mutually exclusive. This study furthers our understanding of the complex nature of signaling elicited by GPCRs and, in particular, that of the therapeutically important class B subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma dal Maso
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Alisa Glukhova
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Yue Zhu
- The
National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Javier Garcia-Nafria
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, U.K.
| | - Christopher G. Tate
- MRC
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, U.K.
| | - Silvia Atanasio
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, U.K.
| | | | - Erney Ramírez-Aportela
- Biocomputing
Unit, National Center for Biotechnology
(CNB-CSIC), C/Darwin,
3, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid Spain
| | - Jose-Maria Carazo
- Biocomputing
Unit, National Center for Biotechnology
(CNB-CSIC), C/Darwin,
3, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid Spain
| | - Caroline A. Hick
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Sebastian G. B. Furness
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- The
University of Auckland, School of Biological
Sciences, 3 Symonds Street, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yi-Lynn Liang
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Laurence J. Miller
- Department
of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, United States
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The
National Center for Drug Screening and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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48
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Desai AJ, Mechin I, Nagarajan K, Valant C, Wootten D, Lam PCH, Orry A, Abagyan R, Nair A, Sexton PM, Christopoulos A, Miller LJ. Molecular Basis of Action of a Small-Molecule Positive Allosteric Modulator Agonist at the Type 1 Cholecystokinin Holoreceptor. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 95:245-259. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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49
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Glukhova A, Draper-Joyce CJ, Sunahara RK, Christopoulos A, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Rules of Engagement: GPCRs and G Proteins. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2018; 1:73-83. [PMID: 32219204 PMCID: PMC7089011 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a key drug target class. They account for over one-third of current pharmaceuticals, and both drugs that inhibit and promote receptor function are important therapeutically; in some cases, the same GPCR can be targeted with agonists and inhibitors, depending upon disease context. There have been major breakthroughs in understanding GPCR structure and drug binding through advances in X-ray crystallography, and membrane protein stabilization. Nonetheless, these structures have predominately been of inactive receptors bound to inhibitors. Efforts to capture structures of fully active GPCRs, in particular those in complex with the canonical, physiological transducer G protein, have been limited via this approach. Very recently, advances in cryo-electron microscopy have provided access to agonist:GPCR:G protein complex structures. These promise to revolutionize our understanding of GPCR:G protein engagement and provide insight into mechanisms of efficacy and coupling selectivity and how these might be controlled by biased agonists. Here we review what we have currently learned from the new GPCR:Gs and GPCR:Gi/o complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Glukhova
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Draper-Joyce
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Roger K. Sunahara
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of California
San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- School
of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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50
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Furness S, Christopoulos A, Sexton P, Wootten D. Differential engagement of polar networks in the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor by endogenous variants of the glucagon-like peptide 1. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:223-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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