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Nasrabadi NS, Vedad A, Asadi K, Poorbagher MRM, Tabrizi NA, Dorooki K, Sabouni RS, Moghadam MB, Shafaei N, Karimi E, Oskoueian E. Nanoliposome-loaded phenolics from Salvia leriifolia Benth and its anticancer effects against induced colorectal cancer in mice. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:641-650. [PMID: 38326022 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of death among various types of cancer. Despite the significant progress made in cancer treatment, chemotherapy resistance and various side effects are still prevalent. The objective of this study is to assess the therapeutic potential of phenolic-rich fraction encapsulated nanoliposome (PRF-NLs) of Salvia leriifolia Benth in the treatment of colon cancer in mice. Initially, the phenolic-rich fraction (PRF) was extracted and then encapsulated into nanoliposomes. The physicochemical properties of the nanoliposomes were evaluated using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, 24 mice with HT-29 colon cancer cells were divided into three groups, and the anticancer effects of PRF-NLs were measured. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of S. leriifolia was the highest PRF containing 14.27 ± 2.39 mg (gallic acid) GA/g DW (dry weight), and the PRF successfully loaded into the nanoliposome structure resulted in the synthesis of nanoliposomes with a nanometer size and spherical shape and homogenous dispersion. Some of the abundant bioactive phenolic compounds in the nanoliposome-loaded PRF are salicylic acid and naringin. The average daily weight gain and food intake, and changes in the expression of caspase 3, Bax (Bcl-2 associated X-protein), and Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), inducible nitric oxide synthase genes, were observed in the mice group induced colorectal cancer cells. At a dose of 100 mg TPC (total phenolic content)/kg BW/day, the nonencapsulated PRF dietary addition improved these parameters; however, the potential shown by nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF than the nonencapsulated PRF in enhancing health parameters in mice was higher. The developed intestinal absorption and bioavailability of nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF contribute to its increased health-promoting activity. Thereby, the synthesized nanoliposome may be a potential natural anticancer drug to prevent colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arezoo Vedad
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kimia Asadi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Kiyana Dorooki
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Negin Shafaei
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Karimi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Oskoueian
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial & Mineral Research Center, Arka Industrial Cluster, Mashhad, Iran
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Dvořák Z, Vyhlídalová B, Pečinková P, Li H, Anzenbacher P, Špičáková A, Anzenbacherová E, Chow V, Liu J, Krause H, Wilson D, Berés T, Tarkowski P, Chen D, Mani S. In vitro safety signals for potential clinical development of the anti-inflammatory pregnane X receptor agonist FKK6. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107137. [PMID: 38245951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Based on the mimicry of microbial metabolites, functionalized indoles were demonstrated as the ligands and agonists of the pregnane X receptor (PXR). The lead indole, FKK6, displayed PXR-dependent protective effects in DSS-induced colitis in mice and in vitro cytokine-treated intestinal organoid cultures. Here, we report on the initial in vitro pharmacological profiling of FKK6. FKK6-PXR interactions were characterized by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Screening FKK6 against potential cellular off-targets (G protein-coupled receptors, steroid and nuclear receptors, ion channels, and xenobiotic membrane transporters) revealed high PXR selectivity. FKK6 has poor aqueous solubility but was highly soluble in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. A large fraction of FKK6 was bound to plasma proteins and chemically stable in plasma. The partition coefficient of FKK6 was 2.70, and FKK6 moderately partitioned into red blood cells. In Caco2 cells, FKK6 displayed high permeability (A-B: 22.8 × 10-6 cm.s-1) and no active efflux. These data are indicative of essentially complete in vivo absorption of FKK6. The data from human liver microsomes indicated that FKK6 is rapidly metabolized by cytochromes P450 (t1/2 5 min), notably by CYP3A4. Two oxidized FKK6 derivatives, including DC73 (N6-oxide) and DC97 (C19-phenol), were detected, and these metabolites had 5-7 × lower potency as PXR agonists than FKK6. This implies that despite high intestinal absorption, FKK6 is rapidly eliminated by the liver, and its PXR effects are predicted to be predominantly in the intestines. In conclusion, the PXR ligand and agonist FKK6 has a suitable pharmacological profile supporting its potential preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Vyhlídalová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pečinková
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Špičáková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Anzenbacherová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vimanda Chow
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 6 Thompson Road, M3J 1L3, ON, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jiabao Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, M5S 3E1, ON, Toronto, Canada
| | - Henry Krause
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, M5S 3E1, ON, Toronto, Canada
| | - Derek Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 6 Thompson Road, M3J 1L3, ON, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tibor Berés
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dajun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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