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Biose IJ, Bakare AB, Wang H, Gressett TE, Bix GJ. Sleep apnea and ischemic stroke- a perspective for translational preclinical modelling. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 75:101929. [PMID: 38581800 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with ischemic stroke. There is, however, a lack of knowledge on the exact cause-effect relationship, and preclinical models of OSA for experimental ischemic stroke investigations are not well characterized. In this review, we discuss sleep apnea and its relationship with stroke risk factors. We consider how OSA may lead to ischemic stroke and how OSA-induced metabolic syndrome and hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) dysfunction could serve as therapeutic targets to prevent ischemic stroke. Further, we examine the translational potential of established preclinical models of OSA. We conclude that metabolic syndrome and HPA dysfunction, which are often overlooked in the context of experimental stroke and OSA studies, are crucial for experimental consideration to improve the body of knowledge as well as the translational potential of investigative efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Biose
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - A B Bakare
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - T E Gressett
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - G J Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70122, USA.
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2
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Corsello A, Paragliola RM, Salvatori R. Diagnosing and treating the elderly individual with hypopituitarism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023:10.1007/s11154-023-09870-w. [PMID: 38150092 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypopituitarism in the elderly is an underestimated condition mainly due to the non-specific presentation that can be attributed to the effects of aging and the presence of comorbidities. Diagnosis and treatment of hypopituitarism often represent a challenging task and this is even more significant in the elderly. Diagnosis can be insidious due to the physiological changes occurring with aging that complicate the interpretation of hormonal investigations, and the need to avoid some provocative tests that carry higher risks of side effects in this population. Treatment of hypopituitarism has generally the goal to replace the hormonal deficiencies to restore a physiological balance as close as possible to that of healthy individuals but in the elderly this must be balanced with the risks of over-replacement and worsening of comorbidities. Moreover, the benefit of some hormonal replacement therapies in the elderly, including sex hormones and growth hormone, remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Corsello
- Unità di Chirurgia Endocrina, Ospedale Isola Tiberina - Gemelli Isola, 00186, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Paragliola
- Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, and Pituitary Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 2187, USA.
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3
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Lin JA, Stamoulis C, DiVasta AD. Associations between nutritional intake, stress and hunger biomarkers, and anxiety and depression during the treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents and young adults. Eat Behav 2023; 51:101822. [PMID: 38504970 PMCID: PMC10948047 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with anorexia nervosa (AN) frequently have co-occurring anxiety and depression, which can negatively impact prognosis. To inform treatment of co-occurring anxiety and depression, we assessed the association of nutritional intake and hunger/stress hormones on anxiety and depression using a six-month longitudinal study of 50 AYA females receiving care for AN. At baseline and six months, we measured anxiety (Spielberger State/Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), depression (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI]), body mass index (BMI), 3-day dietary intake (total calories and proportion of fat, carbohydrate, protein), and serum cortisol, leptin, and adiponectin. We performed mixed effects linear regression analyses, adjusting for age, duration of AN, and percentage of median BMI (%mBMI). At baseline, median age was 16.3 (interquartile range [IQR]=2.5) years, duration of AN was 6 (IQR=8.8) months and %mBMI was 87.2 (IQR=10.5)%. Fifty-six percent had clinically significant anxiety; 30% had depression. Over 6 months, participants had significant improvements in %mBMI (+2.2[IQR=9.2]%, p<.01), STAI (-9.0[IQR=25.0], p<.01), and BDI (-5.0[IQR=13.8], p<.01) scores. Participants with larger improvements in caloric intake had greater improvements in STAI (p=.03) and BDI scores (p=.04). Larger improvement in BDI was significantly associated with increased fat intake (p<.01), but not carbohydrate or protein intake. Change in STAI was not associated with changes in fat, carbohydrate, or protein intake. Changes in STAI or BDI scores were not associated with changes in cortisol, leptin, or adiponectin. Increased caloric intake may augment treatment of co-occurring anxiety and depression, and increased fat intake may improve depression for AYA with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Lin
- Division of Adolescent and Transition Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital
| | - Catherine Stamoulis
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
| | - Amy D. DiVasta
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
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4
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Monaco A, Cattaneo R, Di Nicolantonio S, Strada M, Altamura S, Ortu E. Central effects of trigeminal electrical stimulation. Cranio 2023:1-24. [PMID: 38032105 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2023.2280153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a review of the literature on the main neuromodulation techniques, focusing on the possibility of introducing sensory threshold ULFTENS into them. Electro neuromodulation techniques have been in use for many years as promising methods of therapy for cognitive and emotional disorders. One of the most widely used forms of stimulation for orofacial pain is transcutaneous trigeminal stimulation on three levels: supraorbital area, dorsal surface of the tongue, and anterior skin area of the tragus. The purpose of this review is to trigger interest on using dental ULFTENS as an additional trigeminal neurostimulation and neuromodulation technique in the context of TMD. In particular, we point out the possibility of using ULFTENS at a lower activation level than that required to trigger a muscle contraction that is capable of triggering effects at the level of the autonomic nervous system, with extreme ease of execution and few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Monaco
- MeSVA Department, Dental Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ruggero Cattaneo
- MeSVA Department, Dental Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Marco Strada
- MeSVA Department, Dental Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serena Altamura
- MeSVA Department, Dental Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ortu
- MeSVA Department, Dental Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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5
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Gomez-Gomez A, Martin BMS, Haro N, Pozo OJ. Determination of well-being-related markers in nails by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115586. [PMID: 37897979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Well-being is a multifactorial positive state that is highly influenced by some endogenous molecules that control happiness and euphoric feelings. These molecules, e.g., neurotransmitters, hormones and their derivatives, play a crucial role in metabolism and may be referred to as "well-being-related markers". The deregulation of well-being-related markers can lead to organism malfunctions and life-threatening states. In this research, we aimed to evaluate the potential of nails for the chronic production of several well-being-related markers. For this purpose, we developed an LCMS /MS-based method for the determination of 10 well-being-related markers, including melatonin, serotonin, cortisol, kynurenine and several precursors and metabolites. The method was optimized regarding different analytical steps: required sample amount, extraction time, number of required extractions, preconcentration, injection volume and MS conditions. Method validation was performed by two different approaches: (i) using surrogate nail matrix and (ii) using authentic nail samples by standard additions. The method was found to be linear in the expected endogenous range and sensitive enough to determine the low endogenous concentration levels in nails. Accuracy and precision were appropriate in both validation approaches. As proof of concept, the method was used (i) to correlate fingernail and toenail levels for all metabolites in 22 volunteers, (ii) to establish the endogenous concentration range of all metabolites in females (n = 50) and males (n = 34) and (iii) to correlate the metabolite levels with age. For some metabolites, the calculated ranges have been reported for the first time. In summary, the present strategy to evaluate well-being-related markers in nails may be a useful tool for the evaluation of the production of these important compounds with high potential for a wide range of clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gomez-Gomez
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Montero-San Martin
- Laboratory Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Alcalde Rovira Roure, 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Noemí Haro
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Ito H, Navratilova E, Vagnerova B, Watanabe M, Kopruszinski C, Moreira de Souza LH, Yue X, Ikegami D, Moutal A, Patwardhan A, Khanna R, Yamazaki M, Guerrero M, Rosen H, Roberts E, Neugebauer V, Dodick DW, Porreca F. Chronic pain recruits hypothalamic dynorphin/kappa opioid receptor signalling to promote wakefulness and vigilance. Brain 2023; 146:1186-1199. [PMID: 35485490 PMCID: PMC10169443 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vigilance in settings of potential threats or in states of vulnerability related to pain is important for survival. Pain disrupts sleep and conversely, sleep disruption enhances pain, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Chronic pain engages brain stress circuits and increases secretion of dynorphin, an endogenous ligand of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). We therefore hypothesized that hypothalamic dynorphin/KOR signalling may be a previously unknown mechanism that is recruited in pathological conditions requiring increased vigilance. We investigated the role of KOR in wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in freely moving naïve mice and in mice with neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation using EEG/EMG recordings. Systemic continuous administration of U69,593, a KOR agonist, over 5 days through an osmotic minipump decreased the amount of NREM and REM sleep and increased sleep fragmentation in naïve mice throughout the light-dark sleep cycle. We used KORcre mice to selectively express a Gi-coupled designer receptor activated by designer drugs (Gi-DREADD) in KORcre neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, a key node of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response. Sustained activation of Gi-DREADD with clozapine-N-oxide delivered in drinking water over 4 days, disrupted sleep in these mice in a similar way as systemic U69,593. Mice with chronic neuropathic pain also showed disrupted NREM and total sleep that was normalized by systemic administration of two structurally different KOR antagonists, norbinaltorphimine and NMRA-140, currently in phase II clinical development, or by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of paraventricular nucleus KOR, consistent with endogenous KOR activation disrupting sleep in chronic pain. Unexpectedly, REM sleep was diminished by either systemic KOR antagonist or by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of paraventricular nucleus KOR in sham-operated mice. Our findings reveal previously unknown physiological and pathophysiological roles of dynorphin/KOR in eliciting arousal. Physiologically, dynorphin/KOR signalling affects transitions between sleep stages that promote REM sleep. Furthermore, while KOR antagonists do not promote somnolence in the absence of pain, they normalized disrupted sleep in chronic pain, revealing a pathophysiological role of KOR signalling that is selectively recruited to promote vigilance, increasing chances of survival. Notably, while this mechanism is likely beneficial in the short-term, disruption of the homeostatic need for sleep over longer periods may become maladaptive resulting in sustained pain chronicity. A novel approach for treatment of chronic pain may thus result from normalization of chronic pain-related sleep disruption by KOR antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisakatsu Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Collaborative Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | | | - Moe Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | | | - Xu Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Daigo Ikegami
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Amol Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | - Miguel Guerrero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Ed Roberts
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, USA
| | | | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Department of Collaborative Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
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7
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Dai X, Xie L, Liu K, Liang Y, Cao Y, Lu J, Wang X, Zhang X, Li X. The Neuropharmacological Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol: A Review of Signal Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:161-177. [PMID: 35196977 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220223141101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnolol and honokiol are natural lignans with good physiological effects. As the main active substances derived from Magnolia officinalis, their pharmacological activities have attracted extensive attention. It is reported that both of them can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exert neuroprotective effects through a variety of mechanisms. This suggests that these two ingredients can be used as effective therapeutic compounds to treat a wide range of neurological diseases. This article provides a review of the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of magnolol and honokiol in combating diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, and brain tumors, as well as psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Although magnolol and honokiol have the pharmacological effects described above, their clinical potential remains untapped. More research is needed to improve the bioavailability of magnolol and honokiol and perform experiments to examine the therapeutic potential of magnolol and honokiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Youdan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
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8
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Rigamonti AE, Bollati V, Favero C, Albetti B, Caroli D, De Col A, Cella SG, Sartorio A. Changes in DNA Methylation of Clock Genes in Obese Adolescents after a Short-Term Body Weight Reduction Program: A Possible Metabolic and Endocrine Chrono-Resynchronization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315492. [PMID: 36497566 PMCID: PMC9738941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by a series of genes, collectively named clock genes, which act as a self-sustained internal 24 h timing system in the body. Many physiological processes, including metabolism and the endocrine system, are regulated by clock genes in coordination with environmental cues. Loss of the circadian rhythms has been reported to contribute to widespread obesity, particularly in the pediatric population, which is increasingly exposed to chronodisruptors in industrialized society. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the DNA methylation status of seven clock genes, namely clock, arntl, per1-3 and cry1-2, in a cohort of chronobiologically characterized obese adolescents (n: 45: F/M: 28/17; age ± SD: 15.8 ± 1.4 yrs; BMI SDS: 2.94 [2.76; 3.12]) hospitalized for a 3-week multidisciplinary body weight reduction program (BWRP), as well as a series of cardiometabolic outcomes and markers of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function. At the end of the intervention, an improvement in body composition was observed (decreases in BMI SDS and fat mass), as well as glucometabolic homeostasis (decreases in glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and Hb1Ac), lipid profiling (decreases in total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides and NEFA) and cardiovascular function (decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate). Moreover, the BWRP reduced systemic inflammatory status (i.e., decrease in C-reactive protein) and HPA activity (i.e., decreases in plasma ACTH/cortisol and 24 h urinary-free cortisol excretion). Post-BWRP changes in the methylation levels of clock, cry2 and per2 genes occurred in the entire population, together with hypermethylation of clock and per3 genes in males and in subjects with metabolic syndrome. In contrast to the pre-BWRP data, at the end of the intervention, cardiometabolic parameters, such as fat mass, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides and HDL-C, were associated with the methylation status of some clock genes. Finally, BWRP induced changes in clock genes that were associated with markers of HPA function. In conclusion, when administered to a chronodisrupted pediatric obese population, a short-term BWRP is capable of producing beneficial cardiometabolic effects, as well as an epigenetic remodeling of specific clock genes, suggesting the occurrence of a post-BWRP metabolic and endocrine chronoresynchronization, which might represent a "biomolecular" predictor of successful antiobesity intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E. Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Favero
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Albetti
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvano G. Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
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Hassan E, Magdy S, Attaallah A, Gaber E, Mansour O, Gomaa RA, Odessy H, Augustyniak M, El-Samad LM, El Wakil A. Silk sericin alleviates aberrant photoperiod-induced alterations in testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis in adult mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:158. [PMID: 36401334 PMCID: PMC9673413 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroidogenesis is a complex process of sequential enzymatic reactions affected by climate change. Animals respond to altered day length, the so-called photoperiod, with changes in physiology. The study aimed to an evaluation of sericin effect in alleviating steroidogenesis disorders induced by disturbed photoperiod in mice. METHODS The animals were randomly divided into three groups according to the lighting cycle: a control group with a standard 12Light:12Dark cycle, a short-term photoperiod group with a 6Light:18Dark cycle, and a long-term photoperiod group with an 18Light:6Dark cycle. Both short and long-term groups were subdivided into two equal subgroups: The placebo and the sericin-treated subgroups received, for five weeks from prepubertal throughout adulthood, one intraperitoneal injection per week of the solvent and 1 g sericin/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS Selected oxidative stress parameters and testicular and adrenal steroidogenic capacities of adult mice were measured. After five weeks, the placebo group with impaired photoperiod showed a decrease in the quality and quantity of sperm and a reduction in testosterone, corticosterone, aldosterone, total antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase, and melatonin. At the same time, in these groups, there was an increase in the level of aromatase, malondialdehyde, cholesterol, and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) expression in the adrenal cortex and an enhancement in histological lesions. Mice receiving sericin had parameters similar to the control group. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that silk sericin can reduce the stress caused by photoperiod disorders regarding testicular function, sex hormone levels, and sperm quantity and quality. Thus, sericin is a biocompatible protein with a promising potential for its use in the case of organisms living under an abnormal photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shahinaz Magdy
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany Attaallah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Eman Gaber
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omnia Mansour
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Gomaa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala Odessy
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lamia M El-Samad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Biological and Geological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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10
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Zhu L, Zhang Y, Song L, Zhou Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Sang L, Xiao J, Lian Y. The relationships of shift work, hair cortisol concentration and dyslipidaemia: a cohort study in China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1634. [PMID: 36038856 PMCID: PMC9426255 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, and dyslipidaemia is an independent and modifiable major risk factor. Previous studies on shift work with dyslipidaemia and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between shift work, dyslipidaemia, and HCC. We further explored the mediating effect of HCC. METHODS In this cohort study, baseline data were collected from participants in May 2013. The cohort included 2170 participants- 1348 shift workers and 822 non-shift workers- who were followed up for 6 years with four questionnaire surveys from July 2014, October 2015, and May to December 2019. Hair samples were collected from 340 participants during the baseline period for HCC testing with an automated radioimmunoassay. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Shift workers had a higher risk of dyslipidaemia than workers on the fixed day shift (two-shift RR = 1.408, 95% CI: 1.102-1.798; three-shift RR = 1.478, 95% CI: 1.134-1.926; four-shift RR = 1.589, 95% CI: 1.253-2.015). Additionally, shift workers had higher HCC levels than fixed day shift workers, with geometric mean concentration (GMC) ± geometric standard difference (GSD) = 2.625 ± 2.012 ng/g, two-shift GMC ± GSD = 3.487 ± 1.930 ng/g, three-shift GMC ± GSD = 2.994 ± 1.813 ng/g, and four-shift GMC ± GSD = 3.143 ± 1.720 ng/g. High HCC was associated with a high incidence of dyslipidaemia. After controlling for confounding factors, this study showed that HCC played a role in mediating dyslipidaemia in shift workers and accounted for 16.24% of the effect. CONCLUSIONS Shift work was linked to increased risk of dyslipidaemia compared with fixed day shift work. Higher HCC was associated with a higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia. HCC had a significant mediating effect on dyslipidaemia in shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangmei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingli Sang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Se Yuan Road, No. 9, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Radhakutty A, Lee T, Mangelsdorf BL, Drake SM, Burt MG. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and vascular function in healthy adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 97:64-71. [PMID: 35394663 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, vascular function and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults. DESIGN Open observational study. PATIENTS Thirty healthy adults were studied at the Endocrine Research Unit, Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia. MEASUREMENTS HPA activity was assessed from the serum cortisol 30 min after 1 µg ACTH1-24 (Novartis Pharmaceuticals). Subjects with a cortisol below (n = 15) and above (n = 15) the median were categorized as low and high responders, respectively. Reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) was measured fasting to estimate endothelial function. Matsuda index was calculated from glucose and insulin concentrations collected fasting and 30 minutely for 2 h after a mixed meal (10 kcal/kg, 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 40% fat). The primary endpoint was the difference in RHI between low and high responders. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age (61 ± 9 vs. 64 ± 7 years, p = .19), body mass index (BMI; 26 ± 3 vs. 24 ± 4 kg/m2 , p = .25) and sex (p = .71) between low and high responders. High responders had a lower RHI (2.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2, p = .04) than low responders and there was a negative association between RHI and peak cortisol post ACTH1-24 (β = -.56, p < .01). There were no significant differences in Matsuda index (15.0 ± 2.4 vs. 22.7 ± 5.2, p = .19) between high and low responders. CONCLUSION In healthy adults, endothelial dysfunction is likely to contribute to the association between HPA hyperactivity and increased cardiovascular risk. As insulin sensitivity was not different in high and low responders, endothelial dysfunction is not primarily secondary to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Radhakutty
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tien Lee
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brenda L Mangelsdorf
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sophie M Drake
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Morton G Burt
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Southern Adelaide Diabetes and Endocrine Services, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Chitnis T, Vandercappellen J, King M, Brichetto G. Symptom Interconnectivity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Potential Underlying Biological Disease Processes. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:1043-1070. [PMID: 35680693 PMCID: PMC9338216 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fatigue, cognitive impairment, depression, and pain are highly prevalent symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). These often co-occur and may be explained by a common etiology. By reviewing existing literature, we aimed to identify potential underlying biological processes implicated in the interconnectivity between these symptoms. Methods A literature search was conducted to identify articles reporting research into the biological mechanisms responsible for the manifestation of fatigue, cognitive impairment, depression, and pain in MS. PubMed was used to search for articles published from July 2011 to July 2021. We reviewed and assessed findings from the literature to identify biological processes common to the symptoms of interest. Results Of 693 articles identified from the search, 252 were selected following screening of titles and abstracts and assessing reference lists of review articles. Four biological processes linked with two or more of the symptoms of interest were frequently identified from the literature: (1) direct neuroanatomical changes to brain regions linked with symptoms of interest (e.g., thalamic injury associated with cognitive impairment, fatigue, and depression), (2) pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with so-called ‘sickness behavior,’ including manifestation of fatigue, transient cognitive impairment, depression, and pain, (3) dysregulation of monoaminergic pathways leading to depressive symptoms and fatigue, and (4) hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as a result of pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting the release of brain noradrenaline, serotonin, and tryptophan, which is associated with symptoms of depression and cognitive impairment. Conclusion The co-occurrence of fatigue, cognitive impairment, depression, and pain in MS appears to be associated with a common set of etiological factors, namely neuroanatomical changes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysregulation of monoaminergic pathways, and a hyperactive HPA axis. This association of symptoms and biological processes has important implications for disease management strategies and, eventually, could help find a common therapeutic pathway that will impact both inflammation and neuroprotection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40120-022-00368-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Chitnis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | | | - Miriam King
- Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse 12-2, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giampaolo Brichetto
- Associazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla Rehabilitation Center, Via Operai, 30, 16149, Genoa, GE, Italy
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13
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Zhang F, Xiong Y, Qin F, Yuan J. Short Sleep Duration and Erectile Dysfunction: A Review of the Literature. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1945-1961. [PMID: 36325277 PMCID: PMC9621223 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s375571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The meaning of sleep has puzzled people for millennia. In modern society, short sleep duration is becoming a global problem. It has been established that short sleep duration can increase the risk of several diseases, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Currently, a growing body of research has revealed a possible link between sleep disorders and erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the mechanisms linking short sleep duration and ED are largely unknown. Thus, we provide a review of clinical trials and animal studies. In this review, we propose putative pathways connecting short sleep duration and ED, including neuroendocrine pathways and molecular mechanisms, aiming to pave the way for future research. Meanwhile, the assessment and improvement of sleep quality should be recommended in the diagnosis and treatment of ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxun Zhang
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiong
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qin
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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14
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Crislip GR, Johnston JG, Douma LG, Costello HM, Juffre A, Boyd K, Li W, Maugans CC, Gutierrez-Monreal M, Esser KA, Bryant AJ, Liu AC, Gumz ML. Circadian Rhythm Effects on the Molecular Regulation of Physiological Systems. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2769-2798. [PMID: 34964116 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nearly every system within the body contains an intrinsic cellular circadian clock. The circadian clock contributes to the regulation of a variety of homeostatic processes in mammals through the regulation of gene expression. Circadian disruption of physiological systems is associated with pathophysiological disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the known circadian rhythms in physiological function. This article focuses on what is known in humans, along with discoveries made with cell and rodent models. In particular, the impact of circadian clock components in metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, immune, and central nervous systems are discussed. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-30, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren G Douma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kyla Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cheoting C Maugans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel Gutierrez-Monreal
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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15
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Hudson M, Johnson MI. Split-Second Unlearning: Developing a Theory of Psychophysiological Dis-ease. Front Psychol 2021; 12:716535. [PMID: 34912263 PMCID: PMC8666476 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.716535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychophysiological “stress” underpins many conditions including anxiety, depression, phobias, chronic fatigue syndrome and non-specific musculoskeletal pain such as fibromyalgia. In this article we develop an understanding of chronic psychophysiological stress from a psychological educational perspective, by drawing on supporting evidence that significant emotional events in early life (traumatic and benign) can influence health and well-being later in life. We suggest that traumatic events instigate psychophysiological “stress” responses and the formation of emotional memory images (EMIs) within very short time frames, i.e., “split-second learning.” Once formed these emotional memories are triggered in daily living “re-playing” psychophysiological stress responses, resulting in chronic psychophysiological “dis-ease.” We describe a novel therapeutic approach to scan clients for mannerisms signifying a subconscious “freeze-like” stress response that involves the client as a curious observer within their own experience, feeding back the non-verbal cues as they arrive in the moment. By breaking down the observable fragments of their split-second Pavlovian response to the trigger, clients can detach their EMI from the psychophysiology stress response, i.e., “split-second unlearning.” Our split-second unlearning model recognizes the EMI as a barrier to moving forward and needs to be unlearned before the client can become naturally adaptive again. We argue that this approach places the client at the center of the work without the need of getting bogged down in a life-long narrative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark I Johnson
- Centre for Pain Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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16
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Schutter N, Holwerda TJ, Comijs HC, Naarding P, Van RHL, Dekker JJM, Stek ML, Rhebergen D. Loneliness, social network size, and mortality in older adults and the role of cortisol. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:2246-2254. [PMID: 33147982 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1843001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation have both been found to be associated with increased mortality in previous studies. One potential underlying mechanism is via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between social network size and cortisol, to analyze the associations between both loneliness and social network size and mortality, and to examine to what extent the association between network size and/or loneliness and mortality is mediated by cortisol. DESIGN The study group consisted of 443 depressed and non-depressed participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression in the Elderly (NESDO). Cross-sectional analysis of the association between social network size and cortisol measures was followed by a survival analysis of the associations between both social network size and loneliness and mortality. RESULTS There were no significant associations between social network size and cortisol measures. Loneliness and small social network size were not associated with mortality. Age and partner status were more important predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION As people grow older the variety of factors that influence mortality risk increases, diminishing the effect of a single factor. Prevention of early morbidity and mortality in older adults should be tailored to specific needs and risks, instead of aiming at one specific factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasja Schutter
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tjalling J Holwerda
- Department of Psychiatry, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannie C Comijs
- GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Naarding
- General Psychiatry Residency Training Program, GGNet, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Rien H L Van
- Department of General Psychiatry Residency Training, Netherlands Psychoanalytical Institute, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jack J M Dekker
- Department of Clinical Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Arkin Mental Health Care, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max L Stek
- GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Didi Rhebergen
- GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Cortisol and shiftwork: A scoping review. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 64:101581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Wang Y, Han J, Zhu J, Zhang M, Ju M, Du Y, Tian Z. GluN2A/ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway Involved in Electroacupuncture Regulating Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:703044. [PMID: 34658758 PMCID: PMC8514998 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis caused by stress will inevitably disrupt the homeostasis of the neuroendocrine system and damage physiological functions. It has been demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) can modulate HPA axis hyperactivity during the perioperative period. As the initiating factor of the HPA axis, hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the critical molecule affected by EA. However, the mechanism by which EA reduces CRH synthesis and secretion remains unclear. Activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been linked to over-secretion of hypothalamic CRH induced by stress. To determine whether NMDAR is involved in EA regulating the over-expression of CRH, a surgical model of partial hepatectomy (HT) was established in our experiment. The effect of EA on hypothalamic NMDAR expression in HT mice was examined. Then, we investigated whether the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway mediated by NMDAR was involved in EA regulating HPA axis hyperactivity. It was found that surgery enhanced the expression of hypothalamic CRH and caused HPA axis hyperactivity. Intriguingly, EA effectively suppressed the expression of CRH and decreased the activation of GluN2A (NMDAR subunit), ERK, and CREB in HT mice. GluN2A, ERK, and CREB antagonists had similar effects on normalizing the expression of CRH and HPA axis function compared with EA. Our findings suggested that surgery enhanced the activation of the hypothalamic GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, thus promoting the synthesis and secretion of CRH. EA suppressed the phosphorylation of GluN2A, ERK, and CREB in mice that had undergone surgery, indicating that the GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway was involved in EA alleviating HPA axis hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minda Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanzhuang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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García-Moreno JA, Cañadas-Pérez F, García-García J, Roldan-Tapia MD. Cognitive Reserve and Anxiety Interactions Play a Fundamental Role in the Response to the Stress. Front Psychol 2021; 12:673596. [PMID: 34539485 PMCID: PMC8446200 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to assess the possible interaction between Cognitive Reserve (CR) and State Anxiety (SA) on adrenocortical and physiological responses in coping situations. Forty healthy, middle-aged men completed the Cognitive Reserve Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. We used an Observational Fear Conditioning (OFC) paradigm in order to assess emotional learning and to induce stress. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and salivary cortisol concentrations were measured throughout the conditions. Our results indicate that those who indicated having higher state anxiety showed a lower capacity for learning the contingency, along with presenting higher salivary cortisol peak response following the observational fear-conditioning paradigm. The most prominent finding was the interaction between cognitive reserve and state anxiety on cortisol response to the post observational fear-conditioning paradigm. Thus, those who showed a high anxiety-state and, at the same time, a high cognitive reserve did not present an increased salivary cortisol response following the observational fear-conditioning paradigm. Given these results, we postulate that the state anxiety reported by participants, reflects emotional activation that hinders the attention needed to process and associate emotional stimuli. However, cognitive reserve has an indirect relation with conditioning, enabling better emotional learning. In this context, cognitive reserve demonstrated a protective effect on hormonal response in coping situations, when reported anxiety or emotional activation were high. These findings suggest that cognitive reserve could be used as a tool to deal with the effects of stressors in life situations, limiting development of the allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A García-Moreno
- CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain.,CEINSAUAL Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando Cañadas-Pérez
- CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain.,CEINSAUAL Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | | | - María D Roldan-Tapia
- CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain.,CEINSAUAL Research Center, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
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20
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Lin JA, Jhe G, Vitagliano JA, Milliren CE, Spigel R, Woods ER, Forman SF, Richmond TK. The Association of Malnutrition, illness duration, and pre-morbid weight status with anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults with restrictive eating disorders: a cross-sectional study. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 34001260 PMCID: PMC8127488 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive eating disorders (EDs) are often comorbid with anxiety and depression symptoms, placing patients at risk for more severe disease, worse treatment outcomes, and higher rates of mortality. To identify risks for developing such co-morbidities, we assessed the association of malnutrition, ED illness duration, and pre-morbid weight status with symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents/young adults (AYAs) with EDs. METHODS 145 participants with restrictive EDs (anorexia nervosa [AN], other specified feeding and eating disorders [OSFED], avoidant restrictive food intake disorder [ARFID]) were included from the RECOVERY study, a longitudinal web-based registry of AYAs with EDs. We measured malnutrition as percent of expected body mass index (%eBMI), based on participants' pre-morbid growth trajectory. Outcomes were anxiety and depression scores from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scales. We used multiple linear regression to examine the association of malnutrition, ED duration, and pre-morbid weight status with symptoms of anxiety and depression. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 16.4(3.0) years; 87% were female; 89% white; 85% had AN, 6% OSFED, 10% ARFID. Of these, 2/3 had ED symptoms ≥1 year, 1/3 had previous higher level of ED care (HLOC), and half were taking psychiatric medications. Mean %eBMI was 90% (range 57-112%). Mean GAD-7 was 9.4(5.9) and CES-D was 24(13.8), indicating most participants had clinically significant anxiety and/or depression. Degree of malnutrition was not significantly associated with anxiety or depression adjusting for age, sex, sexual orientation, ED diagnosis, and use of psychiatric medication. Those with longer duration of ED symptoms had higher depression scores after adjusting for malnutrition, HLOC, length of ED symptoms, and time in our care (p = 0.038). Patients with pre-morbid BMIs ≥75th percentile had lower depression scores than those with pre-morbid BMIs <75th percentile (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS We find high degree of clinically relevant anxiety and depression symptoms in a population of AYAs with EDs. Our findings suggest that factors beyond malnutrition play a role in the co-morbid mood and anxiety disorders in this population. Overall, rapid ED diagnosis and comprehensive treatment for patients with EDs across the weight spectrum-and especially those with psychiatric co-morbidities-will likely aid in recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Lin
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Grace Jhe
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julia A Vitagliano
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carly E Milliren
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca Spigel
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Woods
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sara F Forman
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tracy K Richmond
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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21
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Bais B, Hoogendijk WJG, Lambregtse-van den Berg MP. Light therapy for mood disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 182:49-61. [PMID: 34266611 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819973-2.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, light therapy for mood disorders is discussed, including mood disorders during and after pregnancy. In the introduction, we discuss the symptomatology, etiology, and treatment of a specific type of mood disorder, seasonal affective disorder, since it kick-started the first clinical trials with light therapy. Second, we elaborate on the pathophysiology of mood disorders, in particular in the peripartum period. Next, we present an overview of the proposed working mechanisms of light therapy, followed by a discussion of the clinical trials that have followed after the initial research in seasonal affective disorder. Finally, we also focus on the limitations of these trials, such as considerable heterogeneity among studies and many methodological shortcomings. This is complemented by a number of suggestions for future research. Further studies are needed, which stems from the fact that the results have not always been consistent. Despite this, light therapy may be a promising treatment option for various types of mood disorders, since it shows a significant reduction in symptoms in many patients with few adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Bais
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Witte J G Hoogendijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mijke P Lambregtse-van den Berg
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Feng GL, Zheng MM, Yao SH, Li YQ, Zhang SJ, Wen WJ, Fan K, Zhang JL, Zhang X. Risk factors and predictive model of adrenocortical insufficiency in patients with traumatic brain injury. World J Emerg Med 2021; 12:179-184. [PMID: 34141031 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has received increased attention due to its impact on the recovery of neural function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and risk factors of adrenocortical insufficiency (AI) after TBI to reveal independent predictors and build a prediction model of AI after TBI. METHODS Enrolled patients were grouped into the AI and non-AI groups. Fourteen preset impact factors were recorded. Patients were regrouped according to each impact factor as a categorical variable. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to screen the related independent risk factors of AI after TBI and develop the predictive model. RESULTS A total of 108 patients were recruited, of whom 34 (31.5%) patients had AI. Nine factors (age, Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score on admission, mean arterial pressure [MAP], urinary volume, serum sodium level, cerebral hernia, frontal lobe contusion, diffuse axonal injury [DAI], and skull base fracture) were probably related to AI after TBI. Three factors (urinary volume [X 4], serum sodium level [X 5], and DAI [X 8]) were independent variables, based on which a prediction model was developed (logit P= -3.552+2.583X 4+2.235X 5+2.269X 8). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of AI after TBI is high. Factors such as age, GCS score, MAP, urinary volume, serum sodium level, cerebral hernia, frontal lobe contusion, DAI, and skull base fracture are probably related to AI after TBI. Urinary volume, serum sodium level, and DAI are the independent predictors of AI after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Long Feng
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Shi-Hong Yao
- Department of Emergency, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng 044500, China
| | - Yin-Qi Li
- Department of Emergency, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng 044500, China
| | - Shao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Wei-Jing Wen
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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23
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Wang S, Wang H, Shi X, Wu F, Lv L, Hu M, Sun W, Wu L, Zhou H. A case of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome with endocrine disorders: Extraordinary efficiency of hydroxychloroquine and mechanism hypothesis. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:928-933. [PMID: 33270950 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is a rare neuro-mucocutaneous disease. In addition to the traditional clinical triad, there is also a diversity of clinical signs, and it may be related to other systemic diseases. METHODS In the present study, we report a case of MRS with endocrine disorders that exhibits extraordinary therapeutic efficiency by using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), explore whether there is an internal connection between MRS and endocrine disorders, and discuss the mechanism of the therapeutic efficiency of using HCQ. The hypothesis proposed for the first time is that MRS may essentially be a systemic granulomatous disease. RESULTS The physical examination revealed orofacial swelling and fissured tongue. The histopathologic examination showed epithelioid granulomas. Combined with the other examination, this case was diagnosed as incomplete MRS. HCQ and local drugs were introduced. The patient achieved clinical recovery and psychological cure by the 18-week follow-up, and the 1-year follow-up found no reactivation of MRS. Moreover, the levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic were within normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS After the drug therapy was targeted at granuloma, not only did all of the symptoms related to MRS disappear, but the endocrine system also returned to normal. It is speculated that the endocrine disorder in this patient may be related to MRS. We further propose the first-time hypothesis that MRS may essentially be a systemic granulomatous disease. It provides a new medication method with high-level efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Mianyang Stomatological Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Xueke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanyan Wu
- Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Skórka-Majewicz M, Goschorska M, Żwierełło W, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Styburski D, Kapczuk P, Gutowska I. Effect of fluoride on endocrine tissues and their secretory functions -- review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127565. [PMID: 32758781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fluoride on endocrine tissues has not been sufficiently explored to date. The current body of knowledge suggest significant effects of that mineral on reducing sex hormone levels, which may consequently impair fertility and disrupt puberty. The majority of studies confirm that sodium fluoride increases TSH levels and decreases the concentrations of T3 and T4 produced by the thyroid. Moreover, a correlation was observed between NaF and increased secretion of PTH by the parathyroid glands, without a significant impact on body calcium levels. Probably, fluoride may exert adverse effects on insulin levels, impairing pancreatic function and resulting in abnormal glucose tolerance. Observations also include decreased levels of cortisol secreted by the adrenal glands. In light of the few existing studies, the mechanism of fluoride toxicity on the endocrine system has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Skórka-Majewicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 street, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 street, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Żwierełło
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 street, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 street, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Daniel Styburski
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 street, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kapczuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 street, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 71 street, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
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25
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Luan D, Zhao MG, Shi YC, Li L, Cao YJ, Feng HX, Zhang ZJ. Mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for anti-depression: Evidence from preclinical studies. World J Psychiatry 2020; 10:223-233. [PMID: 33134113 PMCID: PMC7582130 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v10.i10.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the anti-depressant mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in preclinical studies, including anti-inflammatory effects mediated by activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 signaling pathway, anti-oxidative stress effects, enhancement of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis via activation of the endocannabinoid system and brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway, increasing the content of monoamine neurotransmitters via inhibition of Sirtuin 1/monoamine oxidase A signaling pathway, and reducing the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. We also discuss the shortcomings of transcranial magnetic stimulation in preclinical studies such as inaccurate positioning, shallow depth of stimulation, and difficulty in elucidating the neural circuit mechanism up- and down-stream of the stimulation target brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Luan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Ge Zhao
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya-Chen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Jia Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Feng
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Research Institution of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Psychology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, Zhejiang province, China
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Ma YS, Hou ZJ, Li Y, Zheng BB, Wang JM, Wang WB. Unveiling the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Eleutheroside E Against Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Through UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1316. [PMID: 32982736 PMCID: PMC7479840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common metabolic bone disease in postmenopausal women in the Worldwide, and seriously affects the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly women. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover a highly effective drug for PMOP treatment. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was used to analyze the urine metabolic profiling and potential biomarkers, the relevant metabolic network of PMOP rats, and further to evaluate the intervention effect of Eleutheroside E (EE) against PMOP. Using multivariate statistical analysis combined with UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, a total of 27 biomarkers were identified, which related with 16 metabolic pathways, mainly involving steroidogenesis, beta oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, glutathione metabolism, carnitine synthesis, estrone metabolism, oxidation of branched chain fatty acids, etc. After treatment of EE, these biomarkers were markedly regulated, mainly involving steroid hormone biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, indicating that EE had the therapeutic effect on PMOP. This study identified the potential urine metabolic markers and related metabolic pathways of the PMOP, explained the metabolic effect and pharmacological mechanisms of EE against PMOP, and provided a basis for the pharmacological study of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Ma
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhan-Jiang Hou
- The Emergency Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - You Li
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Beng-Beng Zheng
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Ming Wang
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Bo Wang
- The Third Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Li S, Wang Y, Gao G, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Li L, Yang Y, Rong P. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation at 20 Hz Improves Depression-Like Behaviors and Down-Regulates the Hyperactivity of HPA Axis in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:680. [PMID: 32765210 PMCID: PMC7378324 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has gained growing interest as a non-invasive and non-pharmacologic treatment option in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Animal experiments and clinical trials confirm that taVNS at the auricular concha region has beneficial effects on depression. However, stimulation frequencies are selected empirically, and there is no evidence showing that any frequency is superior to the others. This study explores antidepressant-like effects of three frequencies of taVNS on rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e., the control, CUMS, 5 Hz-taVNS, 20 Hz-taVNS, and 100 Hz-taVNS groups. The three different frequencies were administered during the 30-min taVNS procedure once a day for 28 consecutive days. Rats exposed to CUMS showed signs of depression-like behaviors, including reduction in sucrose preference and increased immobility time in forced swimming and open field tests as well as significant dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as detected by plasma corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration. The 28 days’ taVNS sessions with three frequencies elicited quite different consequences. Although 20 Hz taVNS significantly reversed the depression-like behaviors and downregulated the hyperactivity of the HPA axis, neither 5 nor 100 Hz showed any antidepressant-like effect on CUMS-induced rat behavior. Based on these results, we propose that, out of the three frequencies for taVNS intervention on depression, 20 Hz may be the optimized frequency to have a better modulation effect on HPA axis function by activating the auricular vagus nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyuan Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guojian Gao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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van Keulen BJ, Dolan CV, van der Voorn B, Andrew R, Walker BR, Hulshoff Pol H, Boomsma DI, Rotteveel J, Finken MJJ. Sexual dimorphism in cortisol metabolism throughout pubertal development: a longitudinal study. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:542-551. [PMID: 32413849 PMCID: PMC7354723 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex differences in disease susceptibility might be explained by sexual dimorphism in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, which has been postulated to emerge during puberty. However, studies conducted thus far lacked an assessment of Tanner pubertal stage. This study aimed to assess the contribution of pubertal development to sexual dimorphism in cortisol production and metabolism. METHODS Participants (n = 218) were enrolled from a population-based Netherlands Twin Register. At the ages of 9, 12 and 17 years, Tanner pubertal stage was assessed and early morning urine samples were collected. Cortisol metabolites were measured with GC-MS/MS and ratios were calculated, representing cortisol metabolism enzyme activities, such as A-ring reductases, 11β-HSDs and CYP3A4. Cortisol production and metabolism parameters were compared between sexes for pre-pubertal (Tanner stage 1), early pubertal (Tanner stage 2-3) and late-pubertal (Tanner stage 4-5) stages. RESULTS Cortisol metabolite excretion rate decreased with pubertal maturation in both sexes, but did not significantly differ between sexes at any pubertal stage, although in girls a considerable decrease was observed between early and late-pubertal stage (P < 0.001). A-ring reductase activity was similar between sexes at pre- and early pubertal stages and was lower in girls than in boys at late-pubertal stage. Activities of 11β-HSDs were similar between sexes at pre-pubertal stage and favored cortisone in girls at early and late-pubertal stages. Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity did not differ between sexes. CONCLUSIONS Prepubertally, sexes were similar in cortisol parameters. During puberty, as compared to boys, in girls the activities of A-ring reductases declined and the balance between 11β-HSDs progressively favored cortisone. In addition, girls showed a considerable decrease in cortisol metabolite excretion rate between early and late-pubertal stages. Our findings suggest that the sexual dimorphism in cortisol may either be explained by rising concentrations of sex steroids or by puberty-induced changes in body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt J van Keulen
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence should be addressed to B J van Keulen:
| | - Conor V Dolan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bibian van der Voorn
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Andrew
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hilleke Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Long-Term Stability of Cortisol Production and Metabolism Throughout Adolescence: Longitudinal Twin Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2020; 23:33-38. [PMID: 32209144 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2020.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Life-course experiences have been postulated to program hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, suggesting that HPA axis activity is, at least partially, stable over time. Yet, there is paucity of data on the long-term stability of cortisol production and metabolism. We performed a prospective follow-up study in twins recruited from a nationwide register to estimate the stability of cortisol production and metabolism over time, and the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to this stability. In total, 218 healthy mono- and dizygotic twins were included. At the ages of 9, 12 and 17 years, morning urine samples were collected for assessment (by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) of cortisol metabolites, enabling the calculation of cortisol metabolite excretion rate and cortisol metabolism activity. Our results showed a low stability for both cortisol metabolite excretion rate (with correlations <.20) and cortisol metabolism activity indices (with correlations of .25 to .46 between 9 and 12 years, -.02 to .15 between 12 and 17 years and .09 to .28 between 9 and 17 years). Because of the low stability over time, genetic and environmental contributions to this stability were difficult to assess, although it seemed to be mostly determined by genetic factors. The low stability in both cortisol production and metabolism between ages 9 and 17 years reflects the dynamic nature of the HPA axis.
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30
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Nonaka K, Aida J, Takubo K, Yamazaki Y, Gao X, Komatsu A, Takakuma S, Kakizaki M, Inoshita N, Gomi F, Ishiwata T, Chong JM, Arai T, Sasano H. Correlation Between Telomere Attrition of Zona Fasciculata and Adrenal Weight Reduction in Older Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5634040. [PMID: 31745564 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although numerous theories are reported on sex differences in longevity, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unknown. We previously reported that telomere length in the zona reticularis cells of the human adrenal cortex was significantly longer in older than that in younger subjects. However, we could not evaluate sex differences in the telomere lengths. OBJECTIVE To compare the telomere lengths of adrenocortical and adrenal medullar cells between men and women from infancy through older adulthood. METHODS Adrenal glands of 30 male (aged 0 to 100 years) and 25 female (aged 0 to 104 years) autopsied subjects were retrieved from autopsy files. Using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, relative telomere lengths were determined in the parenchymal cells of the 3 adrenocortical zones and medulla. Age-related changes in the weight of adrenal glands were also investigated. MAIN RESULTS Older male subjects (aged 65 years or older) had significantly shorter telomere lengths in zona fasciculata (ZF) cells compared to the corresponding female subjects. In men, older subjects exhibited a significant age-related reduction in adrenal weight; however, no age-related changes in adrenal weight were detected in women. CONCLUSION Telomere attrition of ZF cells was correlated with adrenal weight reduction in older men but not in older women, suggesting a decreased number of ZF cells in older men. This may help us understand the possible biological mechanisms of sex difference in longevity of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nonaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Komatsu
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Takakuma
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsune Kakizaki
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoshita
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiya Gomi
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ja-Mun Chong
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Toshima Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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van Keulen BJ, Dolan CV, Andrew R, Walker BR, Hulshoff Pol HE, Boomsma DI, Rotteveel J, Finken MJJ. Heritability of Cortisol Production and Metabolism Throughout Adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5586817. [PMID: 31608377 PMCID: PMC7046020 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inter-individual differences in cortisol production and metabolism emerge with age and may be explained by genetic factors. OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to inter-individual differences in cortisol production and metabolism throughout adolescence. DESIGN Prospective follow-up study of twins. SETTING Nationwide register. PARTICIPANTS 218 mono- and dizygotic twins (N = 109 pairs) born between 1995 amd 1996, recruited from the Netherlands Twin Register. Cortisol metabolites were determined in 213, 169, and 160 urine samples at the ages of 9, 12, and 17, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The total contribution of genetic factors (broad-sense heritability) and shared and unshared environmental influences to inter-individual differences in cortisol production and activities of 5α-reductase, 5β-reductase, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and cytochrome P450 3A4. RESULTS For cortisol production rate at the ages of 9, 12, and 17, broad-sense heritability was estimated as 42%, 30%, and 0%, respectively, and the remainder of the variance was explained by unshared environmental factors. For cortisol metabolism indices, the following heritability was observed: for the A-ring reductases (5α-and 5β-reductases), broad-sense heritability increased with age (to >50%), while for the other indices (renal 11β-HSD2, global 11β-HSD, and CYP3A4), the contribution of genetic factors was highest (68%, 18%, and 67%, respectively) at age 12. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of genetic factors to inter-individual differences in cortisol production decreased between 12 and 17y, indicative of a predominant role of individual circumstances. For cortisol metabolism, distinct patterns of genetic and environmental influences were observed, with heritability that either increased with age or peaked at age 12y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt J van Keulen
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence and Requests: Britt J van Keulen, MD, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric endocrinology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Conor V Dolan
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Andrew
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brian Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pediatric Endocrinology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nonaka K, Aida J, Takubo K, Yamazaki Y, Takakuma S, Kakizaki M, Matsuda Y, Ishikawa N, Ishiwata T, Chong JM, Arai T, Sasano H. Correlation Between Differentiation of Adrenocortical Zones and Telomere Lengths Measured by Q-FISH. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5642-5650. [PMID: 31219569 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenocortical zonation is associated with a markedly complex developmental process, and the pathogenesis and/or etiology of many disorders of adrenocortical zonal development have remained unknown. Cells from the three adrenocortical zones are morphologically and functionally differentiated, and the mature stage of cell development or senescence has been recently reported to be correlated with telomere length. However, the telomere length of each adrenocortical zonal cell has not yet been studied in human adrenal glands. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the telomere lengths of adrenocortical parenchymal cells from three different zones of the adrenal glands present during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. METHODS Adrenal glands of 30 autopsied subjects, aged between 0 and 68 years, were retrieved from pathology files. The normalized telomere to centromere ratio (NTCR), an index of telomere length, was determined in the parenchymal cells of the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis (ZR), using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS NTCR of ZR cells was the longest, followed in decreasing order by that of zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata cells in subjects aged 20 to 68 years, but no substantial differences in NTCR were detected among these three zones in the group <20 years of age. NTCR of ZR increased with age in subjects aged 20 to 68 years, whereas no important age-dependent changes in NTCR were detected in the group <20 years of age. CONCLUSION The telomere lengths for three zones in adrenal cortex were correlated with their differentiation in adulthood but not in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nonaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Takakuma
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsune Kakizaki
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoshi Ishikawa
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ja-Mun Chong
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Toshima Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Lai S, Shi L, Jiang Z, Lin Z. Glycyrrhizin treatment ameliorates post-traumatic stress disorder-like behaviours and restores circadian oscillation of intracranial serotonin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:95-101. [PMID: 31494960 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become a major disease that threatens human health. Neurotransmitters and the amygdala are found to be critical in the development and maintenance of PTSD. We aim to investigate the role of glycyrrhizin in treating PTSD. Contextual fear extinction and elevated plus maze test were applied to evaluate the anxiety and fear memory. Microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to analyze the expression of amygdala neurotransmitters in PTSD animal models and to verify the effects of glycyrrhizin on major neurotransmitters. The protein levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) were examined by western bolt. Glycyrrhizin treatment significantly reduced anxiety and fear memory after 1 and 7 days of PTSD modelling. In addition, glycyrrhizin treatment restored the circadian rhythm changes of serotonin and TPH2. The present study found a significant circadian rhythm change of serotonin in the amygdala in PTSD rats. Besides, glycyrrhizin treatment restored the altered serotonin diurnal fluctuations, which raises important implications for PTSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Lai
- Inpatient Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Liangpan Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixian Jiang
- Neurosurgery Department, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Adrenal Function in Adolescence is Related to Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050167. [PMID: 31137561 PMCID: PMC6571974 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Intrauterine growth restriction is thought to be implicated in long-term programming of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity. We investigated adrenal function in adolescents born small for gestational age (SGA) in relation to their postnatal growth and cardiovascular parameters. Materials and Methods: Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, heart rate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and cortisol levels were assessed in 102 adolescents aged 11–14 years followed from birth (47 SGA and 55 born appropriate for gestational age (AGA)). Results: Mean DHEAS levels were higher in SGA adolescents with catch-up growth (SGACU+), compared with AGA. Second-year height velocity and body mass index (BMI) gain during preschool years were positively related to DHEAS levels. Morning cortisol levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in SGA adolescents without catch-up growth (SGACU−) compared with AGA. Second-year BMI gain was inversely, and 2–12 years increase in subscapular skinfold thickness was directly associated with cortisol levels. Size at birth and postnatal growth explained 47.8% and 38.2% of variation in DHEAS and cortisol levels, respectively. Conclusion: Adrenal function in adolescence is affected by prenatal and postnatal growth: small size at birth with postnatal catch-up growth is related to higher DHEAS secretion, whereas increased cortisol levels and blood pressure are higher in short SGA adolescents.
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Morley-Fletcher S, Mairesse J, Van Camp G, Reynaert ML, Gatta E, Marrocco J, Bouwalerh H, Nicoletti F, Maccari S. Perinatal Stress Programs Sex Differences in the Behavioral and Molecular Chronobiological Profile of Rats Maintained Under a 12-h Light-Dark Cycle. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:89. [PMID: 31118884 PMCID: PMC6504690 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress and the circadian systems play a major role in an organism's adaptation to environmental changes. The adaptive value of the stress system is reactive while that of the circadian system is predictive. Dysfunctions in these two systems may account for many clinically relevant disorders. Despite the evidence that interindividual differences in stress sensitivity and in the functioning of the circadian system are related, there is limited integrated research on these topics. Moreover, sex differences in these systems are poorly investigated. We used the perinatal stress (PRS) rat model, a well-characterized model of maladaptive programming of reactive and predictive adaptation, to monitor the running wheel behavior in male and female adult PRS rats, under a normal light/dark cycle as well as in response to a chronobiological stressor (6-h phase advance/shift). We then analyzed across different time points the expression of genes involved in circadian clocks, stress response, signaling, and glucose metabolism regulation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In the unstressed control group, we found a sex-specific profile that was either enhanced or inverted by PRS. Also, PRS disrupted circadian wheel-running behavior by inducing a phase advance in the activity of males and hypoactivity in females and increased vulnerability to chronobiological stress in both sexes. We also observed oscillations of several genes in the SCN of the unstressed group in both sexes. PRS affected males to greater extent than females, with PRS males displaying a pattern similar to unstressed females. Altogether, our findings provide evidence for a specific profile of dysmasculinization induced by PRS at the behavioral and molecular level, thus advocating the necessity to include sex as a biological variable to study the set-up of circadian system in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morley-Fletcher
- UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Campus Cité Scientifique, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,University Lille - CNRS-UMR 8576, International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases," Sapienza University of Rome - IRCCS Neuromed, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerome Mairesse
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Van Camp
- UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Campus Cité Scientifique, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,University Lille - CNRS-UMR 8576, International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases," Sapienza University of Rome - IRCCS Neuromed, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Line Reynaert
- UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Campus Cité Scientifique, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eleonora Gatta
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Psychiatric Institute, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jordan Marrocco
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hammou Bouwalerh
- UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Campus Cité Scientifique, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,University Lille - CNRS-UMR 8576, International Associated Laboratory (LIA) "Prenatal Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases," Sapienza University of Rome - IRCCS Neuromed, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Stefania Maccari
- UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Campus Cité Scientifique, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Department of Science and Medical - Surgical Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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36
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Circadian regulation of endocrine systems. Auton Neurosci 2019; 216:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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37
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Khan S, Nabi G, Yao L, Siddique R, Sajjad W, Kumar S, Duan P, Hou H. Health risks associated with genetic alterations in internal clock system by external factors. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:791-798. [PMID: 29910689 PMCID: PMC6001675 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian system maintains the main aspects of physiological and behavioral processes. Both circadian rhythm and sleep impact an organism's health through interaction with environmental factors. Variations in external factors influence the functionality of clock genes and disrupt 24-hour rhythmic cycle. The disrupted circadian rhythm and disregulated sleep affect an organism's health, thereby causing several disorders including cancer, depression and cardiac disorders. Considering the role of clock genes and environmental factors, extensive investigation is required focusing on pathways involved in development of life-threatening disorders. This review identifies the major risks and associated factors related with disruption in circadian system and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province / Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sunjeet Kumar
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P.R China
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