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Wen X, Liu Y, Xi F, Zhang X, Kang Y. Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and its potential for improving the performance of titanium implants in biomedical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1282590. [PMID: 38026886 PMCID: PMC10662315 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1282590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys have good biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, making them attractive for biomedical applications. However, their biological inertness and lack of antimicrobial properties may compromise the success of implants. In this review, the potential of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technology to create bioactive coatings on Ti implants is discussed. The review covers the following aspects: 1) different factors, such as electrolyte, voltage and current, affect the properties of MAO coatings; 2) MAO coatings affect biocompatibility, including cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility, angiogenic activity, corrosion resistance, osteogenic activity and osseointegration; 3) antibacterial properties can be achieved by adding copper (Cu), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn) and other elements to achieve antimicrobial properties; and 4) MAO can be combined with other physical and chemical techniques to enhance the performance of MAO coatings. It is concluded that MAO coatings offer new opportunities for improving the use of Ti and its alloys in biomedical applications, and some suggestions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangquan Xi
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingwan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Biological Characteristics of Polyurethane-Based Bone-Replacement Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040831. [PMID: 36850115 PMCID: PMC9966979 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A study is presented on four polymers of the polyurethane family, obtained using a two-stage process. The first composition is the basic polymer; the others differ from it by the presence of a variety of fillers, introduced to provide radiopacity. The fillers used were 15% bismuth oxide (Composition 2), 15% tantalum pentoxide (Composition 3), or 15% zirconium oxide (Composition 4). Using a test culture of human fibroblasts enabled the level of cytotoxicity of the compositions to be determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, along with variations in the characteristics of the cells resulting from their culture directly on the specimens. The condition of cells on the surfaces of the specimens was assessed using fluorescence microscopy. It was shown that introducing 15% bismuth, tantalum, or zinc compounds as fillers produced a range of effects on the biological characteristics of the compositions. With the different fillers, the levels of toxicity differed and the cells' proliferative activity or adhesion was affected. However, in general, all the studied compositions may be considered cytocompatible in respect of their biological characteristics and are promising for further development as bases for bone-substituting materials. The results obtained also open up prospects for further investigations of polyurethane compounds.
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Kee CC, Ng K, Ang BC, Metselaar HSC. Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro biocompatibility of electrophoretic deposited europium-doped calcium silicate on titanium substrate. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Titanium or Biodegradable Osteosynthesis in Maxillofacial Surgery? In Vitro and In Vivo Performances. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142782. [PMID: 35890557 PMCID: PMC9316877 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosynthesis systems are used to fixate bone segments in maxillofacial surgery. Titanium osteosynthesis systems are currently the gold standard. However, the disadvantages result in symptomatic removal in up to 40% of cases. Biodegradable osteosynthesis systems, composed of degradable polymers, could reduce the need for removal of osteosynthesis systems while avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages of titanium osteosyntheses. However, disadvantages of biodegradable systems include decreased mechanical properties and possible foreign body reactions. In this review, the literature that focused on the in vitro and in vivo performances of biodegradable and titanium osteosyntheses is discussed. The focus was on factors underlying the favorable clinical outcome of osteosyntheses, including the degradation characteristics of biodegradable osteosyntheses and the host response they elicit. Furthermore, recommendations for clinical usage and future research are given. Based on the available (clinical) evidence, biodegradable copolymeric osteosyntheses are a viable alternative to titanium osteosyntheses when applied to treat maxillofacial trauma, with similar efficacy and significantly lower symptomatic osteosynthesis removal. For orthognathic surgery, biodegradable copolymeric osteosyntheses are a valid alternative to titanium osteosyntheses, but a longer operation time is needed. An osteosynthesis system composed of an amorphous copolymer, preferably using ultrasound welding with well-contoured shapes and sufficient mechanical properties, has the greatest potential as a biocompatible biodegradable copolymeric osteosynthesis system. Future research should focus on surface modifications (e.g., nanogel coatings) and novel biodegradable materials (e.g., magnesium alloys and silk) to address the disadvantages of current osteosynthesis systems.
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Wu Y, Lu Y, Zhao M, Bosiakov S, Li L. A Critical Review of Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Associated Biomaterials Used in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102117. [PMID: 35631999 PMCID: PMC9143308 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ability to fabricate complex structures while meeting individual needs, additive manufacturing (AM) offers unprecedented opportunities for bone tissue engineering in the biomedical field. However, traditional metal implants have many adverse effects due to their poor integration with host tissues, and therefore new material implants with porous structures are gradually being developed that are suitable for clinical medical applications. From the perspectives of additive manufacturing technology and materials, this article discusses a suitable manufacturing process for ideal materials for biological bone tissue engineering. It begins with a review of the methods and applicable materials in existing additive manufacturing technologies and their applications in biomedicine, introducing the advantages and disadvantages of various AM technologies. The properties of materials including metals and polymers, commonly used AM technologies, recent developments, and their applications in bone tissue engineering are discussed in detail and summarized. In addition, the main challenges for different metallic and polymer materials, such as biodegradability, anisotropy, growth factors to promote the osteogenic capacity, and enhancement of mechanical properties are also introduced. Finally, the development prospects for AM technologies and biomaterials in bone tissue engineering are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yongtao Lu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- DUT-BSU Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sergei Bosiakov
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Belarusian State University, No. 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence:
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Aubakirova V, Farrakhov R, Astanin V, Sharipov A, Gorbatkov M, Parfenov E. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Zr-1%Nb Alloy: Effect of Sodium Silicate and Boric Acid Addition to Calcium Acetate-Based Electrolyte. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062003. [PMID: 35329459 PMCID: PMC8949335 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at the development of wear and corrosion resistant oxide coatings for medical implants made of zirconium alloy, by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The effect of sodium silicate and boric acid addition to calcium acetate electrolyte on the coating properties was studied. Different aspects of the PEO coating were investigated: microstructure, electrochemical and wear behavior, wettability and apatite-forming ability. The resultant coatings consist of a dense inner layer 1.4–2.2 µm thick and a porous outer layer. The total thickness of the coating is 12–20 µm. It was found that the coating contains the tetragonal zirconia (70–95%). The obtained coatings show high corrosion resistance and reduce the surface corrosion current by 1–3 orders of magnitude, depending on the electrolyte additive, compared to the uncoated surface. The addition of boric acid to the electrolyte significantly increases the wear resistance of the coating and reduces the coefficient of friction. In terms of the combination of the coating characteristics, the electrolyte with the addition of the alkali and boric acid is recommended as the most effective.
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Compressive Strength Characteristics of Long Tubular Bones after Hyperthermal Ablation. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoablation is used in the treatment of tumorous bones. However, little is known about the influence such thermal treatment has on the mechanical properties of bone tissue. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of thermal treatment in a range of 60–100 °C (in increments of 10 °C) on the structural properties of pig femurs using an original approach that involved a periosteal arrangement of heating elements providing gradual dry heating of the bone from its periphery to its center. Heating of freshly extracted bone tissue segments was performed ex vivo using surface heaters of a Phoenix-2 local hyperthermia hardware system. Mechanical testing followed the single-axis compression scheme (traverse velocity of 1 mm/min). In the 60–90 °C range of heating, no attributes of reduced structural characteristics were found in the samples subjected to thermoablation in comparison to the control samples taken from symmetric areas of adjacent cylinders of healthy bones and not subjected to heat treatment. The following statistically significant changes were found as a result of compressing the samples to 100 °C after the heat treatment: reduced modulus of elasticity and increased elastic strain (strain-to-failure), mainly due to increases in plastic deformation. This finding may serve as evidence of a critical ex vivo change in the biomechanical behavior of bone tissues at such temperatures. Thus, ex vivo treatment of bone tissue in the thermal range of 60–90 °C may be used in studies of thermoablation efficiency against tumor involvement of bones.
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Molaei M, Attarzadeh N, Fattah-Alhosseini A. Tailoring the biological response of zirconium implants using zirconia bioceramic coatings: A systematic review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 66:126756. [PMID: 33831798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor biological performance of zirconium implants in the human body resulting from their bio-inertness and vulnerability to corrosion and bacterial activity reflects the need for further studies on substitution or performing the surface modification. The suggestion of employing zirconia (ZrO2) bioceramic coatings for surface modification seems beneficial. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to identify and summarize existing documents reporting the biological responses for ZrO2 coatings produced by the PEO process on zirconium implants. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science international databases were searched for the original and English-language studies published between 2000 and 2021. All publications reported at least one study about in-vitro (cellular and immersion studies), in-vivo (animal studies), and antibacterial topics for ZrO2-PEO coated zirconium implants. RESULTS Throughout the initial search, 496 publications were found, and 296 papers remained following the elimination of duplicates. Finally, after multiple screening and eligibility assessments, 25 publications were qualified and included in the review. Among them, 25 in-vitro (cellular and immersion in SBF and Hanks' solutions studies), one in-vivo (animal studies), and eight antibacterial studies were found. CONCLUSION The ZrO2 coated samples demonstrate no cytotoxicity, high cell viability rate, and excellent biocompatibility. However, changing the solution composition and electrical parameters during the PEO procedures result in significant changes to in-vitro responses. As an instance, the ZrO2 coating surface demonstrates greater biocompatibility after irradiated by UV, which makes the surface more suitable for cell growth. Due to weak apatite-forming ability, the zirconium sample shows low bioactivity in SBF. However, most cases (13 out of 16) show that the specific morphology and chemical composition of the ZrO2 coating promote apatite-forming ability with good bioactivity in SBF. Nevertheless, few papers (three out of 16) showed that the ZrO2 coatings immersed in SBF had no apatite precipitates and so no bioactivity. These cases limit the bioactivity enhancement to treatment by UV-light irradiation, hydrothermal and chemical treatment, thermal evaporation, and cathodic polarization post-treatment on ZrO2 coatings. Both zirconium and ZrO2 coated samples do not show apatite-forming ability in Hanks' solution. The ZrO2 coated implant with the bone together indicates a greater shear strength and rapid new bone formation ability during 12 weeks because of containing Ca-P compounds and porous structure. The UV post-treated ZrO2 coating induces faster new bone formation and firmer connection of bond with bone than those of untreated ZrO2 coatings. A stronger antibacterial activity of ZrO2 coatings is confirmed in half of the selected papers (four out of eight studies) compared to the bare zirconium samples. The antibacterial protection of ZrO2 coatings can be influenced by the PEO procedure variables, i.e., solution composition, electrical parameters, and treatment time. In three cases, the antibacterial activity of ZrO2 coatings is enhanced by deposition of Zn, Ag, or Cu antibacterial layers through thermal evaporation post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Molaei
- Department of Materials Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 65178-38695, Iran
| | - Navid Attarzadeh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
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Wang Y, Teng W, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Ye Y, Lin P, Liu A, Wu Y, Li B, Zhang C, Yang X, Li W, Yu X, Gou Z, Ye Z. A trilogy antimicrobial strategy for multiple infections of orthopedic implants throughout their life cycle. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1853-1866. [PMID: 33336116 PMCID: PMC7732879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria-associated infection represents one of the major threats for orthopedic implants failure during their life cycles. However, ordinary antimicrobial treatments usually failed to combat multiple waves of infections during arthroplasty and prosthesis revisions etc. As these incidents could easily introduce new microbial pathogens in/onto the implants. Herein, we demonstrate that an antimicrobial trilogy strategy incorporating a sophisticated multilayered coating system leveraging multiple ion exchange mechanisms and fine nanotopography tuning, could effectively eradicate bacterial infection at various stages of implantation. Early stage bacteriostatic effect was realized via nano-topological structure of top mineral coating. Antibacterial effect at intermediate stage was mediated by sustained release of zinc ions from doped CaP coating. Strong antibacterial potency was validated at 4 weeks post implantation via an implanted model in vivo. Finally, the underlying zinc titanate fiber network enabled a long-term contact and release effect of residual zinc, which maintained a strong antibacterial ability against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli even after the removal of top layer coating. Moreover, sustained release of Sr2+ and Zn2+ during CaP coating degradation substantially promoted implant osseointegration even under an infectious environment by showing more peri-implant new bone formation and substantially improved bone-implant bonding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Wangsiyuan Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Xingzhi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Ye
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Binghao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Chongda Zhang
- New York University Medical Center, New York University, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Xianyan Yang
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Weixu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhaoming Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
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Li N, Cui W, Cong P, Tang J, Guan Y, Huang C, Liu Y, Yu C, Yang R, Zhang X. Biomimetic inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles from magnesium-substituted amorphous calcium phosphate clusters and polyacrylic acid molecules. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2303-2314. [PMID: 33553817 PMCID: PMC7841502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has been widely found during bone and tooth biomineralization, but the meta-stability and labile nature limit further biomedical applications. The present study found that the chelation of polyacrylic acid (PAA) molecules with Ca2+ ions in Mg-ACP clusters (~2.1 ± 0.5 nm) using a biomineralization strategy produced inorganic-organic Mg-ACP/PAA hybrid nanoparticles with better thermal stability. Mg-ACP/PAA hybrid nanoparticles (~24.0 ± 4.8 nm) were pH-responsive and could be efficiently digested under weak acidic conditions (pH 5.0–5.5). The internalization of assembled Mg-ACP/PAA nanoparticles by MC3T3-E1 cells occurred through endocytosis, indicated by laser scanning confocal microscopy and cryo-soft X-ray tomography. Our results showed that cellular lipid membranes remained intact without pore formation after Mg-ACP/PAA particle penetration. The assembled Mg-ACP/PAA particles could be digested in cell lysosomes within 24 h under weak acidic conditions, thereby indicating the potential to efficiently deliver encapsulated functional molecules. Both the in vitro and in vivo results preliminarily demonstrated good biosafety of the inorganic-organic Mg-ACP/PAA hybrid nanoparticles, which may have potential for biomedical applications. Mg-ACP/PAA hybrid nanoparticles have been synthesized following a biomineralization strategy. The chelation of PAA molecules in synergy with Mg2+ substitution improves thermal stability of Mg-ACP/PAA nanoparticles. The Mg-ACP/PAA nanoparticles are pH sensitive and can be digested in cell lysosomes within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Peifang Cong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yong Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, China
| | - Caihao Huang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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Zhang H, Liu K, Lu M, Liu L, Yan Y, Chu Z, Ge Y, Wang T, Qiu J, Bu S, Tang C. Micro/nanostructured calcium phytate coating on titanium fabricated by chemical conversion deposition for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111402. [PMID: 33255005 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A bioactive micro/nanostructured calcium phytate coating was successfully prepared on titanium surfaces by chemical conversion deposition, mainly through hydrothermal treatment of a mixed solution of phytic acid and saturated calcium hydroxide solution. Ultraviolet radiation was carried out to improve the adhesion of the coating to the titanium substrate. Pure titanium with a sandblasted/acid-etched surface was used as the control group. The topography and chemical composition of the modified surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and static water contact angle measurement. A pull-off test was performed to measure the coating-to-substrate adhesion strength. Bovine serum albumin was used as a model to study the protein adsorption effect. Cells were cultured on titanium surfaces for 7 days in osteogenic differentiation medium, then the osteoblast compatibility in vitro were explored by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. After 1, 2, 4 and 8 wks of immediate implantation of titanium implants into the mandibles of New Zealand white rabbits, biological effects in vivo were researched by microcomputed tomography analysis and histological evaluation. The results indicated that the roughness and hydrophilicity of the modified surfaces with micro/nanostructure remarkably increased compared to those of the control group. The pull-off test showed the average adhesion strength at the coating-substrate interface to be higher than 13.56 ± 1.71 MPa. In addition, approximately 4.41 mg/L calcium ion was released from the calcium phytate micro/nano coatings to the local environment after 48 h of immersion. More importantly, the micro/nanostructure titanium substrates significantly promoted cellular differentiation in vitro and in vivo. After 8 wks, the bone implant contact ratio (BIC, %) of the modified implants was higher than that of the control group, at 94.09 ± 0.55% and 86.18 ± 1.99% (p < 0.05). Overall, this study provided new insights into the factors promoting early osseointegration of titanium alloys, which had great potential not only for dental implants but also for various other biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Implantology, Hefei Stomatological Hospital, Hefei Clinical School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yanzhe Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuran Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shoushan Bu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chunbo Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Characteristics of Wollastonite Ceramic Coatings Obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xue T, Attarilar S, Liu S, Liu J, Song X, Li L, Zhao B, Tang Y. Surface Modification Techniques of Titanium and its Alloys to Functionally Optimize Their Biomedical Properties: Thematic Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:603072. [PMID: 33262980 PMCID: PMC7686851 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.603072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the requirements of specific applications, implanted materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers have been used in various disciplines of medicine. Titanium and its alloys as implant materials play a critical role in the orthopedic and dental procedures. However, they still require the utilization of surface modification technologies to not only achieve the robust osteointegration but also to increase the antibacterial properties, which can avoid the implant-related infections. This article aims to provide a summary of the latest advances in surface modification techniques, of titanium and its alloys, specifically in biomedical applications. These surface techniques include plasma spray, physical vapor deposition, sol-gel, micro-arc oxidation, etc. Moreover, the microstructure evolution is comprehensively discussed, which is followed by enhanced mechanical properties, osseointegration, antibacterial properties, and clinical outcomes. Future researches should focus on the combination of multiple methods or improving the structure and composition of the composite coating to further enhance the coating performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xue
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Shokouh Attarilar
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Liu
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Xi Song
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Lanjie Li
- Chengsteel Group Co., Ltd., HBIS Group Co., Ltd., Chengde, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Chengsteel Group Co., Ltd., HBIS Group Co., Ltd., Chengde, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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14
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Litvinova L, Yurova K, Shupletsova V, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Shunkin E, Melashchenko E, Todosenko N, Khlusova M, Sharkeev Y, Komarova E, Sedelnikova M, Khlusov I. Gene Expression Regulation and Secretory Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells upon In Vitro Contact with Microarc Calcium Phosphate Coating. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7682. [PMID: 33081386 PMCID: PMC7589914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The manufacture of biomaterial surfaces with desired physical and chemical properties that can directly induce osteogenic differentiation without the need for biochemical additives is an excellent strategy for controlling the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo. We studied the cellular and molecular reactions of MSCs to samples with a double-sided calcium phosphate (CaP) coating and an average roughness index (Ra) of 2.4-4.6 µm. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a three-dimensional matrix on the relative mRNA expression levels of genes associated with the differentiation and maturation of MSCs toward osteogenesis (RUNX2, BMP2, BMP6, BGLAP, and ALPL) under conditions of distant interaction in vitro. Correlations were revealed between the mRNA expression of some osteogenic and cytokine/chemokine genes and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that may potentiate the differentiation of cells into osteoblasts, which indicates the formation of humoral components of the extracellular matrix and the creation of conditions supporting the establishment of hematopoietic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Valeria Shupletsova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Egor Shunkin
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Elena Melashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
| | - Marina Khlusova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Yurii Sharkeev
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (M.S.)
- Research School of High-Energy Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Komarova
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sedelnikova
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructured Biocomposites, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia; (Y.S.); (E.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia; (K.Y.); (V.S.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (I.K.)
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Morphology and General Pathology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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15
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Calcium Phosphate Coating Prepared by Microarc Oxidation Affects hTERT Expression, Molecular Presentation, and Cytokine Secretion in Tumor-Derived Jurkat T Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13194307. [PMID: 32992463 PMCID: PMC7579201 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials are among the best bone graft substitutes, but their use in the repair of damaged bone in tumor patients is still unclear. The human Jurkat T lymphoblast leukemia-derived cell line (Jurkat T cells) was exposed in vitro to a titanium (Ti) substrate (10 × 10 × 1 mm3) with a bilateral rough (average roughness index (Ra) = 2–5 μm) CaP coating applied via the microarc oxidation (MAO) technique, and the morphofunctional response of the cells was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) analyses showed voltage-dependent (150–300 V) growth of structural (Ra index, mass, and thickness) and morphological surface and volume elements, a low Ca/PaT ratio (0.3–0.6), and the appearance of crystalline phases of CaHPO4 (monetite) and β-Ca2P2O7 (calcium pyrophosphate). Cell and molecular reactions in 2-day and 14-day cultures differed strongly and correlated with the Ra values. There was significant upregulation of hTERT expression (1.7-fold), IL-17 secretion, the presentation of the activation antigens CD25 (by 2.7%) and CD95 (by 5.15%) on CD4+ cells, and 1.5–2-fold increased cell apoptosis and necrosis after two days of culture. Hyperactivation-dependent death of CD4+ cells triggered by the surface roughness of the CaP coating was proposed. Conversely, a 3.2-fold downregulation in hTERT expression increased the percentages of CD4+ cells and their CD95+ subset (by 15.5% and 22.9%, respectively) and inhibited the secretion of 17 of 27 test cytokines/chemokines without a reduction in Jurkat T cell survival after 14 days of coculture. Thereafter, cell hypoergy and the selection of an hTERT-independent viable CD4+ subset of tumor cells were proposed. The possible role of negative zeta potentials and Ca2+ as effectors of CaP roughness was discussed. The continuous (2–14 days) 1.5–6-fold reductions in the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor cells correlated with the Ra values of microarc CaP-coated Ti substrates seems to limit surgical stress-induced metastasis of lymphoid malignancies.
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Effects of Micro-Arc Oxidation Process Parameters on Characteristics of Calcium-Phosphate Containing Oxide Layers on the Selective Laser Melted Ti13Zr13Nb Alloy. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Titania-based films on selective laser melted Ti13Zr13Nb have been formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) at different process parameters (voltage, current, processing time) in order to evaluate the impact of MAO process parameters in calcium and phosphate (Ca + P) containing electrolyte on surface characteristic, early-stage bioactivity, nanomechanical properties, and adhesion between the oxide coatings and substrate. The surface topography, surface roughness, pore diameter, elemental composition, crystal structure, surface wettability, and the early stage-bioactivity in Hank’s solution were evaluated for all coatings. Hardness, maximum indent depth, Young’s modulus, and Ecoating/Esubstrate, H/E, H3/E2 ratios were determined in the case of nanomechanical evaluation while the MAO coating adhesion properties were estimated by the scratch test. The study indicated that the most important parameter of MAO process influencing the coating characteristic is voltage. Due to the good ratio of structural and nanomechanical properties of the coatings, the optimal conditions of MAO process were found at 300 V during 15 min, at 32 mA or 50 mA of current, which resulted in the predictable structure, high Ca/P ratio, high hydrophilicity, the highest demonstrated early-stage bioactivity, better nanomechanical properties, the elastic modulus and hardness well close to the values characteristic for bones, as compared to specimens treated at a lower voltage (200 V) and uncoated substrate, as well as a higher critical load of adhesion and total delamination.
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Li CY, Yu C, Zeng RC, Zhang BC, Cui LY, Wan J, Xia Y. In vitro corrosion resistance of a Ta 2O 5 nanofilm on MAO coated magnesium alloy AZ31 by atomic layer deposition. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:34-43. [PMID: 31956734 PMCID: PMC6960486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating with outstanding adhesion strength to Mg alloys has attracted more and more attention. However, owing to the porous structure, aggressive ions easily invaded the MAO/substrate interface through the through pores, limiting long-term corrosion resistance. Therefore, a dense and biocompatible tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) nanofilm was deposited on MAO coated Mg alloy AZ31 through atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique to seal the micropores and regulate the degradation rate. Surface micrography, chemical compositions and crystallographic structure were characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD. The corrosion resistance of all samples was evaluated through electrochemical and hydrogen evolution tests. Results revealed that the Ta2O5 film mainly existed in the form of amorphousness. Moreover, uniform deposition of Ta2O5 film and effective sealing of micropores and microcracks in MAO coating were achieved. The current density (i corr) of the composite coating decreased three orders of magnitude than that of the substrate and MAO coating, improving corrosion resistance. Besides, the formation and corrosion resistance mechanisms of the composite coating were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yang Li
- Corrosion Laboratory for Light Metals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Chi Yu
- Corrosion Laboratory for Light Metals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Rong-Chang Zeng
- Corrosion Laboratory for Light Metals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bo-Cheng Zhang
- Jiaxing Microelectronics Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiaxing, 314022, China
| | - Lan-Yue Cui
- Corrosion Laboratory for Light Metals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Jiaxing Microelectronics Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiaxing, 314022, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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Surface Modification of Biomedical Titanium Alloy: Micromorphology, Microstructure Evolution and Biomedical Applications. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for bone implant therapy, titanium alloy has been widely used in the biomedical field. However, various potential applications of titanium alloy implants are easily hampered by their biological inertia. In fact, the interaction of the implant with tissue is critical to the success of the implant. Thus, the implant surface is modified before implantation frequently, which can not only improve the mechanical properties of the implant, but also polish up bioactivity and osseoconductivity on a cellular level. This paper aims at reviewing titanium surface modification techniques for biomedical applications. Additionally, several other significant aspects are described in detail in this article, for example, micromorphology, microstructure evolution that determines mechanical properties, as well as a number of issues concerning about practical application of biomedical implants.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy.,IPCB-CNR Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via J.F. Kennedy, 54 Mostra D'Oltremare Pad.20, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto De Santis
- IPCB-CNR Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials - National Research Council of Italy, Via J.F. Kennedy, 54 Mostra D'Oltremare Pad.20, 80125 Naples, Italy.,Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
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