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Acosta LH, Pino MTL, Rocca MV, Cabilla JP. Soluble guanylyl cyclase beta1 subunit targets epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and downregulates Akt pathway in human endometrial and cervical cancer cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23927. [PMID: 38205317 PMCID: PMC10777080 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial and cervical cancer are among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies globally. Nitric oxide receptor-soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric enzyme composed of two subunits, α1 and β1. Previously we showed that sGCα1 subunit promotes cell survival, proliferation, and migration, but the role of sGCβ1 subunit has not been addressed. The aim of the present work was to study the impact of sGCβ1 restoration in proliferation, survival, migration, and cell signaling in endometrial and cervical cancer cells. We found that sGCβ1 transcript levels are reduced in endometrial and cervical tumors vs normal tissues. We confirmed nuclear enrichment of sGCβ1, unlike sGCα1. Overexpression of sGCβ1 reduced cell viability and augmented apoptotic index. Cell migration and invasion were also negatively affected. All these sGCβ1-driven effects were independent of sGC enzymatic activity. sGCβ1 reduced the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition factors such as N-cadherin and β-catenin and increased the expression of E-cadherin. sGCβ1 impacted signaling in endometrial and cervical cancer cells through significant downregulation of Akt pathway affecting some of its main targets such as GSK-3β and c-Raf. Our results show for the first time that sGCβ1 exerts several antiproliferative actions in ECC-1 and HeLa cell lines by targeting key regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H. Acosta
- CONICET-Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Teresa L. Pino
- CONICET-Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Rocca
- CONICET-Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena P. Cabilla
- CONICET-Universidad Abierta Interamericana. Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud. Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Zhang L, Troccoli CI, Mateo-Victoriano B, Lincheta LM, Jackson E, Shu P, Plastini T, Tao W, Kwon D, Chen X, Sharma J, Jorda M, Gulley JL, Bilusic M, Lockhart AC, Beuve A, Rai P. The soluble guanylyl cyclase pathway is inhibited to evade androgen deprivation-induced senescence and enable progression to castration resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.537252. [PMID: 37205442 PMCID: PMC10187243 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.537252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is fatal and therapeutically under-served. We describe a novel CRPC-restraining role for the vasodilatory soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) pathway. We discovered that sGC subunits are dysregulated during CRPC progression and its catalytic product, cyclic GMP (cGMP), is lowered in CRPC patients. Abrogating sGC heterodimer formation in castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) cells inhibited androgen deprivation (AD)-induced senescence, and promoted castration-resistant tumor growth. We found sGC is oxidatively inactivated in CRPC. Paradoxically, AD restored sGC activity in CRPC cells through redox-protective responses evoked to protect against AD-induced oxidative stress. sGC stimulation via its FDA-approved agonist, riociguat, inhibited castration-resistant growth, and the anti-tumor response correlated with elevated cGMP, indicating on-target sGC activity. Consistent with known sGC function, riociguat improved tumor oxygenation, decreasing the PC stem cell marker, CD44, and enhancing radiation-induced tumor suppression. Our studies thus provide the first evidence for therapeutically targeting sGC via riociguat to treat CRPC. Statement of significance Prostate cancer is the second highest cancer-related cause of death for American men. Once patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer, the incurable and fatal stage, there are few viable treatment options available. Here we identify and characterize a new and clinically actionable target, the soluble guanylyl cyclase complex, in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Notably we find that repurposing the FDA-approved and safely tolerated sGC agonist, riociguat, decreases castration-resistant tumor growth and re-sensitizes these tumors to radiation therapy. Thus our study provides both new biology regarding the origins of castration resistance as well as a new and viable treatment option.
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3
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Xiao H, Zhu H, Bögler O, Mónica FZ, Kots AY, Murad F, Bian K. Soluble Guanylate Cyclase β1 Subunit Represses Human Glioblastoma Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1567. [PMID: 36900358 PMCID: PMC10001022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is the most common and deadly brain tumor. A marked reduction in the levels of sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase) transcript in the human glioma specimens has been revealed in our previous studies. In the present study, restoring the expression of sGCβ1 alone repressed the aggressive course of glioma. The antitumor effect of sGCβ1 was not associated with enzymatic activity of sGC since overexpression of sGCβ1 alone did not influence the level of cyclic GMP. Additionally, sGCβ1-induced inhibition of the growth of glioma cells was not influenced by treatment with sGC stimulators or inhibitors. The present study is the first to reveal that sGCβ1 migrated into the nucleus and interacted with the promoter of the TP53 gene. Transcriptional responses induced by sGCβ1 caused the G0 cell cycle arrest of glioblastoma cells and inhibition of tumor aggressiveness. sGCβ1 overexpression impacted signaling in glioblastoma multiforme, including the promotion of nuclear accumulation of p53, a marked reduction in CDK6, and a significant decrease in integrin α6. These anticancer targets of sGCβ1 may represent clinically important regulatory pathways that contribute to the development of a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oliver Bögler
- Brain Tumor Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fabiola Zakia Mónica
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paolo 13083, Brazil
| | - Alexander Y. Kots
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ferid Murad
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ka Bian
- Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veteran Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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4
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Maturation, inactivation, and recovery mechanisms of soluble guanylyl cyclase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100336. [PMID: 33508317 PMCID: PMC7949132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a heme-containing heterodimeric enzyme that generates many molecules of cGMP in response to its ligand nitric oxide (NO); sGC thereby acts as an amplifier in NO-driven biological signaling cascades. Because sGC helps regulate the cardiovascular, neuronal, and gastrointestinal systems through its cGMP production, boosting sGC activity and preventing or reversing sGC inactivation are important therapeutic and pharmacologic goals. Work over the last two decades is uncovering the processes by which sGC matures to become functional, how sGC is inactivated, and how sGC is rescued from damage. A diverse group of small molecules and proteins have been implicated in these processes, including NO itself, reactive oxygen species, cellular heme, cell chaperone Hsp90, and various redox enzymes as well as pharmacologic sGC agonists. This review highlights their participation and provides an update on the processes that enable sGC maturation, drive its inactivation, or assist in its recovery in various settings within the cell, in hopes of reaching a better understanding of how sGC function is regulated in health and disease.
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5
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Hochheiser J, Haase T, Busker M, Sömmer A, Kreienkamp HJ, Behrends S. Heterodimerization with the β 1 subunit directs the α 2 subunit of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase to calcium-insensitive cell-cell contacts in HEK293 cells: Interaction with Lin7a. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 122:23-32. [PMID: 27793718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase is a heterodimeric enzyme consisting of an α and a β subunit. Two different α subunits (α1 and α2) give rise to two heterodimeric enzymes α1/β1 and α2/β1. Both coexist in a wide range of tissues including blood vessels and the lung, but expression of the α2/β1 form is generally much lower and approaches levels similar to the α1/β1 form in the brain only. In the present paper, we show that the α2/β1 form interacts with Lin7a in mouse brain synaptosomes based on co-precipitation analysis. In HEK293 cells, we found that the overexpressed α2/β1 form, but not the α1/β1 form is directed to calcium-insensitive cell-cell contacts. The isolated PDZ binding motif of an amino-terminally truncated α2 subunit was sufficient for cell-cell contact localization. For the full length α2 subunit with the PDZ binding motif this was only the case in the heterodimer configuration with the β1 subunit, but not as isolated α2 subunit. We conclude that the PDZ binding motif of the α2 subunit is only accessible in the heterodimer conformation of the mature nitric oxide-sensitive enzyme. Interaction with Lin7a, a small scaffold protein important for synaptic function and cell polarity, can direct this complex to nectin based cell-cell contacts via MPP3 in HEK293 cells. We conclude that heterodimerization is a prerequisite for further protein-protein interactions that direct the α2/β1 form to strategic sites of the cell membrane with adjacent neighbouring cells. Drugs increasing the nitric oxide-sensitivity of this specific form may be particularly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hochheiser
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
| | - Tobias Haase
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
| | - Mareike Busker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
| | - Anne Sömmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Kreienkamp
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sönke Behrends
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig - Institute of Technology, Germany.
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6
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Rychter M, Gaucher C, Boudier A, Leroy P, Lulek J. S -Nitrosothiols—NO donors regulating cardiovascular cell proliferation: Insight into intracellular pathway alterations. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Pan J, Xu Q, Lin YW, Zhong F, Tan X. Human soluble guanylate cyclase as a nitric oxide sensor for NO-signalling reveals a novel function of nitrite reductase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:7454-6. [PMID: 23864033 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human soluble guanylate cyclase (hsGC), a NO sensor/NO receptor of a heterodimeric hemoprotein, plays a critical role in the NO-sGC-cGMP signaling pathway, and also reveals a novel nitrite reductase activity. This indicates that hsGC could activate itself by catalytic reduction of nitrite to NO instead of receiving NO from nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which provides valuable insight into the physiological function of the homodimeric hsGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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Baldelli S, Lettieri Barbato D, Tatulli G, Aquilano K, Ciriolo MR. The role of nNOS and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4813-20. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.154229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) are two fundamental factors involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle cell metabolism. nNOS exists as several alternatively spliced variants, each having a specific pattern of subcellular localisation. Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a second messenger in signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of metabolic genes involved in oxidative metabolism, vasodilatation and skeletal muscle contraction. PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator and represents a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis by promoting the transcription of mitochondrial genes. PGC-1α can be induced during physical exercise, and it plays a key role in coordinating the oxidation of intracellular fatty acids with mitochondrial remodelling. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that NO could act as a key regulator of PGC-1α expression; however, the link between nNOS and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle remains only poorly understood. In this Commentary, we review important metabolic pathways that are governed by nNOS and PGC-1α, and aim to highlight how they might intersect and cooperatively regulate skeletal muscle mitochondrial and lipid energetic metabolism and contraction.
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Bähre H, Danker KY, Stasch JP, Kaever V, Seifert R. Nucleotidyl cyclase activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase in intact cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:1195-9. [PMID: 24380860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is activated by nitric oxide (NO) and generates the second messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP). Recently, purified sGC α1β1 has been shown to additionally generate the cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides cCMP and cUMP. However, since cyclic pyrimidine nucleotide formation occurred only the presence of Mn(2+) but not Mg(2+), the physiological relevance of these in vitro findings remained unclear. Therefore, we studied cyclic nucleotide formation in intact cells. We observed NO-dependent cCMP- and cUMP formation in intact HEK293 cells overexpressing sGC α1β1 and in RFL-6 rat fibroblasts endogenously expressing sGC, using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. The identity of cCMP and cUMP was unambiguously confirmed by HPLC-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our data indicate that cCMP and cUMP play second messenger roles and that Mn(2+) is a physiological sGC cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Bähre
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Y Danker
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Volkhard Kaever
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Aquilano K, Baldelli S, Ciriolo MR. Nuclear recruitment of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase by α-syntrophin is crucial for the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:365-78. [PMID: 24235139 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.506733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) has various splicing variants and different subcellular localizations. nNOS can be found also in the nucleus; however, its exact role in this compartment is still not completely defined. In this report, we demonstrate that the PDZ domain allows the recruitment of nNOS to nuclei, thus favoring local NO production, nuclear protein S-nitrosylation, and induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. In particular, overexpression of PDZ-containing nNOS (nNOSα) increases S-nitrosylated CREB with consequent augmented binding on cAMP response element consensus sequence on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator (PGC)-1α promoter. The resulting PGC-1α induction is accompanied by the expression of mitochondrial genes (e.g., TFAM, MtCO1) and increased mitochondrial mass. Importantly, full active nNOS lacking PDZ domain (nNOSβ) does not localize in nuclei and fails in inducing the expression of PGC-1α. Moreover, we substantiate that the mitochondrial biogenesis normally accompanying myogenesis is associated with nuclear translocation of nNOS. We demonstrate that α-Syntrophin, which resides in nuclei of myocytes, functions as the upstream mediator of nuclear nNOS translocation and nNOS-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. Overall, our results indicate that altered nNOS splicing and nuclear localization could be contributing factors in human muscular diseases associated with mitochondrial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Aquilano
- From the Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," 00133 Rome, Italy and
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11
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Follmann M, Griebenow N, Hahn MG, Hartung I, Mais FJ, Mittendorf J, Schäfer M, Schirok H, Stasch JP, Stoll F, Straub A. The chemistry and biology of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and activators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9442-62. [PMID: 23963798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vasodilatory properties of nitric oxide (NO) have been utilized in pharmacotherapy for more than 130 years. Still today, NO-donor drugs are important in the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, inhaled NO or drugs releasing NO and organic nitrates are associated with noteworthy therapeutic shortcomings, including resistance to NO in some disease states, the development of tolerance during long-term treatment, and nonspecific effects, such as post-translational modification of proteins. The beneficial actions of NO are mediated by stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heme-containing enzyme which produces the intracellular signaling molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Recently, two classes of compounds have been discovered that amplify the function of sGC in a NO-independent manner, the so-called sGC stimulators and sGC activators. The most advanced drug, the sGC stimulator riociguat, has successfully undergone Phase III clinical trials for different forms of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Follmann
- Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, Global Drug Discovery, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany.
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12
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Follmann M, Griebenow N, Hahn MG, Hartung I, Mais FJ, Mittendorf J, Schäfer M, Schirok H, Stasch JP, Stoll F, Straub A. Chemie und Biologie der Stimulatoren und Aktivatoren der löslichen Guanylatcyclase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Napoli C, Paolisso G, Casamassimi A, Al-Omran M, Barbieri M, Sommese L, Infante T, Ignarro LJ. Effects of nitric oxide on cell proliferation: novel insights. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:89-95. [PMID: 23665095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to be a pathophysiological modulator of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In this context, NO can exert opposite effects under diverse conditions. Indeed, several studies have indicated that low relative concentrations of NO seem to favor cell proliferation and antiapoptotic responses and higher levels of NO favor pathways inducing cell cycle arrest, mitochondria respiration, senescence, or apoptosis. Here we report the effects of NO on both promotion and inhibition of cell proliferation, in particular in regard to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stem cells. Moreover, we focus on molecular mechanisms of action involved in the control of cell cycle progression, which include both cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent and -independent pathways. This growing field may lead to broad and novel targeted therapies against cardiovascular diseases, especially concomitant type 2 diabetes, as well as novel bioimaging NO-based diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Fondazione SDN, IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Division of Geriatrics, 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Division of Geriatrics, 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Louis J Ignarro
- Department of Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Heckler EJ, Crassous PA, Baskaran P, Beuve A. Protein disulfide-isomerase interacts with soluble guanylyl cyclase via a redox-based mechanism and modulates its activity. Biochem J 2013; 452:161-9. [PMID: 23477350 PMCID: PMC3992929 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
NO binds to the receptor sGC (soluble guanylyl cyclase), stimulating cGMP production. The NO-sGC-cGMP pathway is a key component in the cardiovascular system. Discrepancies in sGC activation and deactivation in vitro compared with in vivo have led to a search for endogenous factors that regulate sGC or assist in cellular localization. In our previous work, which identified Hsp (heat-shock protein) 70 as a modulator of sGC, we determined that PDI (protein disulfide-isomerase) bound to an sGC-affinity matrix. In the present study, we establish and characterize this interaction. Incubation of purified PDI with semi-purified sGC, both reduced and oxidized, resulted in different migration patterns on non-reducing Western blots indicating a redox component to the interaction. In sGC-infected COS-7 cells, transfected FLAG-tagged PDI and PDI CXXS (redox active site 'trap mutant') pulled down sGC. This PDI-sGC complex was resolved by reductant, confirming a redox interaction. PDI inhibited NO-stimulated sGC activity in COS-7 lysates, however, a PDI redox-inactive mutant PDI SXXS did not. Together, these data unveil a novel mechanism of sGC redox modulation via thiol-disulfide exchange. Finally, in SMCs (smooth muscle cells), endogenous PDI and sGC co-localize by in situ proximity ligation assay, which suggests biological relevance. PDI-dependent redox regulation of sGC NO sensitivity may provide a secondary control over vascular homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Heckler
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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15
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Zhong FF, Liu XX, Pan J, Huang ZX, Tan XS. The roles of cysteines in the heme domain of human soluble guanylate cyclase. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Velázquez E, Blázquez E, Ruiz-Albusac JM. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) modulates the cGMP signalling pathway by regulating the expression of the soluble guanylyl cyclase receptor subunits in cultured rat astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:242-50. [PMID: 22806360 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway and whether insulin or epidermal growth factor (EGF) might modulate the effects of GLP-2. GLP-2 produced a dose-dependent decrease in intracellular sodium nitroprusside-induced cGMP production. However, insulin induced an increase in the levels of cGMP that was dose-dependently decreased by the addition of GLP-2. By contrast, EGF induced a decrease in cGMP production, which was further reduced by the addition of GLP-2. To assess whether variations in cGMP production might be related with changes in some component of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), the expression of the α1, α2, and β1 subunits were determined by Western blot analysis. At 1 h, GLP-2 produced a decrease in the expression of both α1 and β1 in the cytosolic fraction, but at 24 h only β1was reduced. As expected, insulin induced an increase in the expression of both subunits after 1 h of incubation; this was decreased by the addition of GLP-2. Likewise, incubation with EGF for 24 h produced a decrease in the expression of both subunits that was maximal when GLP-2 was added. In addition, incubation with insulin for 1 h produced an increase in the expression of the α2 subunit, which was reduced by the addition of GLP-2. These results suggest that GLP-2 inhibits cGMP production by decreasing the cellular content of at least one subunit of the heterodimeric active form of the sGC, independently of the presence of insulin or EFG. This may open new insights into the actions of this neuropeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Velázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University Plaza S. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase is differentially regulated by nuclear and non-nuclear estrogen pathways in anterior pituitary gland. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29402. [PMID: 22216273 PMCID: PMC3247256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2) regulates hormonal release as well as proliferation and cell death in the pituitary. The main nitric oxide receptor, nitric oxide sensitive- or soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), is a heterodimer composed of two subunits, α and β, that catalyses cGMP formation. α1β1 is the most abundant and widely expressed heterodimer, showing the greater activity. Previously we have shown that E2 decreased sGC activity but exerts opposite effects on sGC subunits increasing α1 and decreasing β1 mRNA and protein levels. In the present work we investigate the mechanisms by which E2 differentially regulates sGC subunits' expression on rat anterior pituitary gland. Experiments were performed on primary cultures of anterior pituitary cells from adult female Wistar rats at random stages of estrous cycle. After 6 h of E2 treatment, α1 mRNA and protein expression is increased while β1 levels are down-regulated. E2 effects on sGC expression are partially dependent on de novo transcription while de novo translation is fully required. E2 treatment decreased HuR mRNA stabilization factor and increased AUF1 p37 mRNA destabilization factor. E2-elicited β1 mRNA decrease correlates with a mRNA destabilization environment in the anterior pituitary gland. On the other hand, after 6 h of treatment, E2-BSA (1 nM) and E2-dendrimer conjugate (EDC, 1 nM) were unable to modify α1 or β1 mRNA levels, showing that nuclear receptor is involved in E2 actions. However, at earlier times (3 h), 1 nM EDC causes a transient decrease of α1 in a PI3k-dependent fashion. Our results show for the first time that E2 is able to exert opposite actions in the anterior pituitary gland, depending on the activation of classical or non-classical pathways. Thus, E2 can also modify sGC expression through membrane-initiated signals bringing to light a new point of regulation in NO/sGC pathway.
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Kraehling JR, Busker M, Haase T, Haase N, Koglin M, Linnenbaum M, Behrends S. The amino-terminus of nitric oxide sensitive guanylyl cyclase α₁ does not affect dimerization but influences subcellular localization. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25772. [PMID: 21984946 PMCID: PMC3184163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitric oxide sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NOsGC) is a heterodimeric enzyme formed by an α- and a β1-subunit. A splice variant (C-α1) of the α1-subunit, lacking at least the first 236 amino acids has been described by Sharina et al. 2008 and has been shown to be expressed in differentiating human embryonic cells. Wagner et al. 2005 have shown that the amino acids 61–128 of the α1-subunit are mandatory for quantitative heterodimerization implying that the C-α1-splice variant should lose its capacity to dimerize quantitatively. Methodology/Principal Findings In the current study we demonstrate preserved quantitative dimerization of the C-α1-splice by co-purification with the β1-subunit. In addition we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based on fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) using fusion proteins of the β1-subunit and the α1-subunit or the C-α1 variant with ECFP or EYFP. Analysis of the respective combinations in HEK-293 cells showed that the fluorescence lifetime was significantly shorter (≈0.3 ns) for α1/β1 and C-α1/β1 than the negative control. In addition we show that lack of the amino-terminus in the α1 splice variant directs it to a more oxidized subcellular compartment. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that the amino-terminus of the α1-subunit is dispensable for dimerization in-vivo and ex-vivo, but influences the subcellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R. Kraehling
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Brunswick - Institute of Technology, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Mareike Busker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Brunswick - Institute of Technology, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Tobias Haase
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Koglin
- HEPTARES Therapeutics, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Linnenbaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Brunswick - Institute of Technology, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Soenke Behrends
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Brunswick - Institute of Technology, Brunswick, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sharina IG, Cote GJ, Martin E, Doursout MF, Murad F. RNA splicing in regulation of nitric oxide receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:265-74. [PMID: 21867767 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a key protein in the nitric oxide (NO)/-cGMP signaling pathway. sGC activity is involved in a number of important physiological processes including smooth muscle relaxation, neurotransmission and platelet aggregation and adhesion. Regulation of sGC expression and activity emerges as a crucial factor in control of sGC function in normal and pathological conditions. Recently accumulated evidence strongly indicates that the regulation of sGC expression is a complex process modulated on several levels including transcription, post-transcriptional regulation, translation and protein stability. Presently our understanding of mechanisms governing regulation of sGC expression remains very limited and awaits systematic investigation. Among other ways, the expression of sGC subunits is modulated at the levels of mRNA abundance and transcript diversity. In this review we summarize available information on different mechanisms (including transcriptional activation, mRNA stability and alternative splicing) involved in the modulation of mRNA levels of sGC subunits in response to various environmental clues. We also summarize and cross-reference the information on human sGC splice forms available in the literature and in genomic databases. This review highlights the fact that the study of the biological role and regulation of sGC splicing will bring new insights to our understanding of NO/cGMP biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraida G Sharina
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Sharin VG, Mujoo K, Kots AY, Martin E, Murad F, Sharina IG. Nitric oxide receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase undergoes splicing regulation in differentiating human embryonic cells. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:1287-93. [PMID: 20964618 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an important mediator molecule in mammalian physiology, initiates a number of signaling mechanisms by activating the enzyme soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Recently, a new role for NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling in embryonic development and cell differentiation has emerged. The changes in expression of NO synthase isoforms and various sGC subunits has been demonstrated during human and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiation. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that nascent α1 sGC transcript undergoes alternative splicing and that expression of α1 sGC splice forms directly affects sGC activity. Expression of sGC splice variants in the process of human ES (hES) cells differentiation has not been investigated. In this report, we demonstrate that α1 sGC undergoes alternative splicing during random hES differentiation for the first time. Our results indicate that C-α1 sGC splice form is expressed at high levels in differentiating cells and its intracellular distribution varies from canonical α1 sGC subunit. Together, our data suggest that alternative splicing of sGC subunits is associated with differentiation of hES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G Sharin
- UT Health Science Center, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Haase N, Haase T, Kraehling JR, Behrends S. Direct fusion of subunits of heterodimeric nitric oxide sensitive guanylyl cyclase leads to functional enzymes with preserved biochemical properties: Evidence for isoform specific activation by ciguates. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1676-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Villanueva C, Giulivi C. Subcellular and cellular locations of nitric oxide synthase isoforms as determinants of health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:307-16. [PMID: 20388537 PMCID: PMC2900489 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nitric oxide in biological systems depend on its steady-state concentration and where it is being produced. The organ where nitric oxide is produced is relevant, and within the organ, which types of cells are actually contributing to this production seem to play a major determinant of its effect. Subcellular compartmentalization of specific nitric oxide synthase enzymes has been shown to play a major role in health and disease. Pathophysiological conditions affect the cellular expression and localization of nitric oxide synthases, which in turn alter organ cross talk. In this study, we describe the compartmentalization of nitric oxide in organs, cells, and subcellular organelles and how its localization relates to several relevant clinical conditions. Understanding the complexity of the compartmentalization of nitric oxide production and the implications of this compartmentalization in terms of cellular targets and downstream effects will eventually contribute toward the development of better strategies for treating or preventing pathological events associated with the increase, inhibition, or mislocalization of nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleva Villanueva
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F. 11320
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
- Corresponding author: Dr. Cecilia Giulivi, Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1120 Haring Hall, University of California, Davis, CA. 95616, Tel. 530 754 8603, Fax. 530 754 9342,
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Pifarré P, Prado J, Giralt M, Molinero A, Hidalgo J, Garcia A. Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibition alters the glial inflammatory response, reduces oxidative stress and cell death and increases angiogenesis following focal brain injury. J Neurochem 2009; 112:807-17. [PMID: 20002517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence obtained in cultured glial cells indicates that cGMP-mediated pathways regulate cytoskeleton dynamics, glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and motility in astrocytes, as well as inflammatory gene expression in microglia, suggesting a role in the regulation of the glial reactive phenotype. The aim of this work was to examine if cGMP regulates the glial inflammatory response in vivo following CNS damage caused by a focal cryolesion onto the cortex in rats. Results show that treatment with the cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast (10 mg/kg i.p.) 2 h before and 24 and 48 h after the lesion results 3 days post-lesion in notably enhanced astrogliosis manifested by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity and protein levels around the lesion. In contrast, zaprinast decreased the number of round/ameboid lectin-positive cells and the expression of the activated microglia/macrophage markers Iba-1 and CD11b indicating decreased recruitment and activation of these cells. This altered inflammatory response is accompanied by a decrease in protein oxidative stress, apoptotic cell death and neuronal degeneration. In addition, zaprinast enhanced angiogenesis in the lesioned cortex probably as a result of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in reactive astrocytes. These results suggest that regulation of the glial inflammatory response may contribute to the reported neuroprotective effects of cGMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors in brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pifarré
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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