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Cipolatti EP, de Andrade Souza LT, Moreno-Pérez S, Pinto MCC, Manoel EA, de Oliveira D, Pessela BC. Application of Goat and Lamb Lipases on the Development of New Immobilized Biocatalysts Aiming at Fish Oil Hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04942-2. [PMID: 38683451 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of lipases from animal sources for the synthesis of new biocatalysts is barely studied in the literature. The present work focused on the immobilization of lipases from kid goat's and lamb's epiglottis in different ionic supports. For this, anionic supports (monoaminoethyl-N-aminoethyl-agarose (MANAE) and diethylaminoethyl-agarose (DEAE)) and cationic supports (carboxymethyl-agarose and sulfopropyl-agarose) were used. The immobilization parameters were evaluated, as well as the thermal stability of the immobilized enzymes and their stability at different values of pH. Then, the performance of the biocatalysts was evaluated in hydrolysis reactions for obtaining omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)). Values of 100% of recovered activity were obtained for lipase from goats, indicating that it was possible to maintain all the enzymatic activities of the immobilized enzymes on the supports. The immobilized enzymes were more stable in different pH conditions and at a temperature of 50 °C, reaching values of stabilization factor of 12.17 and t1/2 of 9.86 h-1, for lamb lipase immobilized in sulfopropyl agarose. In general, the anionic supports led to lower Km values and the cationic ones to a higher Vmax. Lamb lipase showed the highest selectivity values for EPA/DHA, reaching values of 6.43 using MANAE. Thus, the high potential for using such biocatalysts from animal sources in the food or pharmaceutical industries is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Pereira Cipolatti
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación, CIAL-CSIC, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Engenharia Química E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 23.897-000, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Tereza de Andrade Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Box 486, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sonia Moreno-Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación, CIAL-CSIC, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina C C Pinto
- Programa de Engenharia Química, COPPE, Universidade Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelin Andrade Manoel
- Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Química E de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Benevides Costa Pessela
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de La Alimentación, CIAL-CSIC, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Engenharia E Tecnologias, Instituto Superior Politecnico E de Ciencias, ISPTEC, Av. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona-Luanda, Angola
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2
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Zhao J, Ma M, Zeng Z, Wan D, Yan X, Xia J, Yu P, Gong D. Production, purification, properties and current perspectives for modification and application of microbial lipases. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38445829 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2323196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
With the industrialization and development of modern science, the application of enzymes as green and environmentally friendly biocatalysts in industry has been increased widely. Among them, lipase (EC. 3.1.1.3) is a very prominent biocatalyst, which has the ability to catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of ester compounds. Many lipases have been isolated from various sources, such as animals, plants and microorganisms, among which microbial lipase is the enzyme with the most diverse enzymatic properties and great industrial application potential. It therefore has promising applications in many industries, such as food and beverages, waste treatment, biofuels, leather, textiles, detergent formulations, ester synthesis, pharmaceuticals and medicine. Although many microbial lipases have been isolated and characterized, only some of them have been commercially exploited. In order to cope with the growing industrial demands and overcome these shortcomings to replace traditional chemical catalysts, the preparation of new lipases with thermal/acid-base stability, regioselectivity, organic solvent tolerance, high activity and yield, and reusability through excavation and modification has become a hot research topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Maomao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongman Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Resource and Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Li Q, Liu K, Cai G, Yang X, Ngo JCK. Developing Lipase Inhibitor as a Novel Approach to Address the Rice Bran Rancidity Issue─A Critical Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3277-3290. [PMID: 38329044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Rice bran is a valuable byproduct from the food processing industry, which contains abundant protein, essential unsaturated fatty acids, and numerous bioactive compounds. However, its susceptibility to rancidity greatly restricts its wide utilization. Many strategies have been proposed to delay the rancidity of rice bran, but most of them have their respective limitations. Here, we proposed that developing rice ban lipase peptide inhibitors represents an alternative and promising prescription for impeding the rancidity of rice bran, in contrast to the conventional stabilization approaches for rice bran. For this reason, the rancidity mechanisms of rice bran and the research progress of rice bran lipases were discussed. In addition, the feasibility of utilizing in silico screening and phage display, two state-of-the-art technologies, in the design of the related peptide inhibitors was also highlighted. This knowledge is expected to provide a theoretical basis for opening a new avenue for stabilizing rice bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering and School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering and School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gongli Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Hong Kong Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Jacky Chi Ki Ngo
- School of Life Sciences and Hong Kong Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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Lin S, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Li J. Novel Hybrid Gel-Fiber Membranes as Carriers for Lipase Catalysis Based on Electrospinning and Gelation Technology. Gels 2024; 10:74. [PMID: 38247796 PMCID: PMC10815851 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
An excellent oil-water interface is one of the prerequisites for effective lipase catalysis. Therefore, this study aimed to improve lipase activity in terms of catalytic interface optimization. A novel approach for constructing oil-water interfaces was proposed. The structural similarity and the hydrophilic differences between polyvinyl pyrrolidone gel-fiber membranes (GFMs) and poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA) organogel inspired us to hybridize the two to form PVP/PLMA hybrid gel-fiber membranes (HGFMs) based on electrospinning and gelation. The prepared PVP/PLMA-HGFMs were capable of being adopted as novel carriers for lipase catalysis due to their ability to swell both in the aqueous phase (swelling ratio = 187.5%) and the organic phase (swelling ratio = 40.5%). Additionally, Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results showed that abundant network pores inside the carriers enabled numerous effective microscopic oil-water interfaces. The catalytic activity of Burkholderia cepacia lipase (BCL) in PVP/PLMA-HGFMs ranged between 1.21 and 8.70 times that of the control ("oil-up/water-down" system) under different experimental conditions. Meanwhile, PVP/PLMA-HGFMs increased lipase activity by about eight times at -20 °C and had good application characteristics at extreme pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumiao Lin
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (S.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ziheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing and Biosynthesis of Food Bioactive Substances, China General Chamber of Commerce, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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5
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Chauhan G, Arya M, Kumar V, Verma D, Sharma M. An improved protocol for metagenomic DNA isolation from low microbial biomass alkaline hot-spring sediments and soil samples. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38188309 PMCID: PMC10769977 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
High-quality, humic-acid-free pure DNA is a prerequisite for functional and sequence-based approaches of metagenomics. In the present investigation, an improved extraction buffer was developed by making a combination of powdered activated charcoal (2%; w/v), polyvinyl poly pyrrolidone (2%; w/v), and CaCl2 (2%; w/v). This trio significantly improved the purity and yield of the metagenomic DNA from the hot spring's hot and alkaline soil. The quality of extracted metagenomic DNA was successfully validated by PCR amplification and restriction enzymes. Besides, the thermophilic amylase encoding genes were also retrieved from these soil DNA samples. Extreme habitats I harbour low microbial biomass and, therefore, demand in-situ lysis of the microbial cells to access their genomes. The protocol can potentially extract DNA from geothermal spring habitats where the count of microbial cells is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Meghna Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Digvijay Verma
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
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Irianto VS, Demirkan E, Cetinkaya AA. UV mutagenesis for lipase overproduction from Bacillus cereus ATA179, nutritional optimization, characterization and its usability in the detergent industry. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38156984 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2299441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the wild-type Bacillus cereus ATA179 was mutagenized by random UV mutagenesis to increase lipase production. The mutant with maximum lipolytic activity was named Bacillus cereus EV4. The mutant strain (10.6 U/mL at 24 h) produced 60% more enzyme than the wild strain (6.6 U/mL at 48 h). Nutritional factors on lipase production were investigated. Sucrose was the best carbon source, (NH4)2HPO4 was the best nitrogen source and CuSO4 was the best metal ion source. Mutant EV4 showed a 32% increase in lipase production in the modified medium. The optimum temperature and pH were found to be 60 °C and 7.0, respectively. CuSO4, CaCl2, LiSO4, KCl, BaCl2, and Tween 20 had an activating effect on the enzyme. Vmax and Km values were found to be 17.36 U/mL and 0.036 mM, respectively. The molecular weight was determined as 28.2 kDa. The activity of lipase was found to be stable up to 60 days at 20 °C, 75 days at 4 °C, and 90 days at -20 °C. The potential of lipase in the detergent industry was investigated. The enzyme was not affected by detergent additives but was effective in removing stains in fabrics contaminated with oily substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichi Sicha Irianto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Elif Demirkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aynur Aybey Cetinkaya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Pardo-Tamayo JS, Arteaga-Collazos S, Domínguez-Hoyos LC, Godoy CA. Biocatalysts Based on Immobilized Lipases for the Production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters: Enhancement of Activity through Ionic Additives and Ion Exchange Supports. BIOTECH 2023; 12:67. [PMID: 38131679 PMCID: PMC10742180 DOI: 10.3390/biotech12040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic additives affect the structure, activity and stability of lipases, which allow for solving common application challenges, such as preventing the formation of protein aggregates or strengthening enzyme-support binding, preventing their desorption in organic media. This work aimed to design a biocatalyst, based on lipase improved by the addition of ionic additives, applicable in the production of ethyl esters of fatty acids (EE). Industrial enzymes from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL), Rhizomucor miehei (RML), Candida antárctica B (CALB) and Lecitase®, immobilized in commercial supports like Lewatit®, Purolite® and Q-Sepharose®, were tested. The best combination was achieved by immobilizing lipase TLL onto Q-Sepharose® as it surpassed, in terms of %EE (70.1%), the commercial biocatalyst Novozyme® 435 (52.7%) and was similar to that of Lipozyme TL IM (71.3%). Hence, the impact of ionic additives like polymers and surfactants on both free and immobilized TLL on Q-Sepharose® was assessed. It was observed that, when immobilized, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the TLL derivative exhibited a significantly higher activity, with a 93-fold increase (1.02 IU), compared to the free enzyme under identical conditions (0.011 IU). In fatty acids ethyl esters synthesis, Q-SDS-TLL novel derivatives achieved results similar to commercial biocatalysts using up to ~82 times less enzyme (1 mg/g). This creates an opportunity to develop biocatalysts with reduced enzyme consumption, a factor often associated with higher production costs. Such advancements would ease their integration into the biodiesel industry, fostering a greener production approach compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S. Pardo-Tamayo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia (L.C.D.-H.)
| | | | | | - César A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia (L.C.D.-H.)
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8
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Ramírez-Guzmán N, Torres-León C, Aguillón-Gutiérrez D, Aguirre-Joya JA. Insects, Plants, and Microorganisms from Dry Lands as Novel Sources of Proteins and Peptides for Human Consumption. Foods 2023; 12:4284. [PMID: 38231705 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein malnutrition is present in developing countries but also in developed ones due to actual eating habits involving insufficient protein intake. In addition to this, it is estimated by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations that the world's population will increase to 9.1 billion people in less than 30 years. This poses a significant challenge in terms of nourishing the population. Different strategies have been proposed to address this challenge, including exploring novel protein sources such as plants. For instance, Prosopis alba pods have an 85.5% protein content. Other examples are microorganisms, such as Halobacillus adaensis which produces 571 U/mL of protease, and insects such as those belonging to the Orthoptera order, like grasshoppers, which have a protein content of 65.96%. These sources have been found in dry lands and are being explored to address this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathiely Ramírez-Guzmán
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies and Research (CEII-UAdeC), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico
| | - Cristian Torres-León
- Reaserch Center and Ethnobiological Garden (CIJE), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Viesca 27480, Mexico
| | - David Aguillón-Gutiérrez
- Reaserch Center and Ethnobiological Garden (CIJE), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Viesca 27480, Mexico
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Huanca-Juarez J, Nascimento-Silva EA, Silva NH, Silva-Rocha R, Guazzaroni ME. Identification and functional analysis of novel protein-encoding sequences related to stress-resistance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1268315. [PMID: 37840709 PMCID: PMC10568318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1268315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, industrial bioproducts are less competitive than chemically produced goods due to the shortcomings of conventional microbial hosts. Thus, is essential developing robust bacteria for improved cell tolerance to process-specific parameters. In this context, metagenomic approaches from extreme environments can provide useful biological parts to improve bacterial robustness. Here, in order to build genetic constructs that increase bacterial resistance to diverse stress conditions, we recovered novel protein-encoding sequences related to stress-resistance from metagenomic databases using an in silico approach based on Hidden-Markov-Model profiles. For this purpose, we used metagenomic shotgun sequencing data from microbial communities of extreme environments to identify genes encoding chaperones and other proteins that confer resistance to stress conditions. We identified and characterized 10 novel protein-encoding sequences related to the DNA-binding protein HU, the ATP-dependent protease ClpP, and the chaperone protein DnaJ. By expressing these genes in Escherichia coli under several stress conditions (including high temperature, acidity, oxidative and osmotic stress, and UV radiation), we identified five genes conferring resistance to at least two stress conditions when expressed in E. coli. Moreover, one of the identified HU coding-genes which was retrieved from an acidic soil metagenome increased E. coli tolerance to four different stress conditions, implying its suitability for the construction of a synthetic circuit directed to expand broad bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshelin Huanca-Juarez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine (FMRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Alexandre Nascimento-Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine (FMRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ninna Hirata Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine (FMRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - María-Eugenia Guazzaroni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Abellanas-Perez P, Carballares D, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rocha-Martin J. Glutaraldehyde modification of lipases immobilized on octyl agarose beads: Roles of the support enzyme loading and chemical amination of the enzyme on the final enzyme features. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125853. [PMID: 37460068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) and lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) have been immobilized on octyl agarose at low loading and at a loading exceeding the maximum support capacity. Then, the enzymes have been treated with glutaraldehyde and inactivated at pH 7.0 in Tris-HCl, sodium phosphate and HEPES, giving different stabilities. Stabilization (depending on the buffer) of the highly loaded biocatalysts was found, very likely as a consequence of the detected intermolecular crosslinkings. This did not occur for the lowly loaded biocatalysts. Next, the enzymes were chemically aminated and then treated with glutaraldehyde. In the case of TLL, the intramolecular crosslinkings (visible by the apparent reduction of the protein size) increased enzyme stability of the lowly loaded biocatalysts, an effect that was further increased for the highly loaded biocatalysts due to intermolecular crosslinkings. Using CALB, the intramolecular crosslinkings were less intense, and the stabilization was lower, even though the intermolecular crosslinkings were quite intense for the highly loaded biocatalyst. The stabilization detected depended on the inactivation buffer. The interactions between enzyme loading and inactivating buffer on the effects of the chemical modifications suggest that the modification and inactivation studies must be performed under the target biocatalysts and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid Spain.
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Rekadwad BN, Li WJ, Gonzalez JM, Punchappady Devasya R, Ananthapadmanabha Bhagwath A, Urana R, Parwez K. Extremophiles: the species that evolve and survive under hostile conditions. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:316. [PMID: 37637002 PMCID: PMC10457277 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles possess unique cellular and molecular mechanisms to assist, tolerate, and sustain their lives in extreme habitats. These habitats are dominated by one or more extreme physical or chemical parameters that shape existing microbial communities and their cellular and genomic features. The diversity of extremophiles reflects a long list of adaptations over millions of years. Growing research on extremophiles has considerably uncovered and increased our understanding of life and its limits on our planet. Many extremophiles have been greatly explored for their application in various industrial processes. In this review, we focused on the characteristics that microorganisms have acquired to optimally thrive in extreme environments. We have discussed cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in stability at respective extreme conditions like thermophiles, psychrophiles, acidophiles, barophiles, etc., which highlight evolutionary aspects and the significance of extremophiles for the benefit of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwan Narayan Rekadwad
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), DBT-National Centre for Cell Science (DBT-NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology (IBB), Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU), Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan M. Gonzalez
- Microbial Diversity and Microbiology of Extreme Environments Research Group, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rekha Punchappady Devasya
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
| | - Arun Ananthapadmanabha Bhagwath
- Present Address: Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018 Karnataka India
- Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce and Management, A Constituent Unit of Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Yenepoya Complex, Balmatta, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Ruchi Urana
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Environmental and Bio Sciences and Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001 India
| | - Khalid Parwez
- Department of Microbiology, Shree Narayan Medical Institute and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar 852201 India
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12
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Fang Y, Liu F, Shi Y, Yang T, Xin Y, Gu Z, Shi G, Zhang L. N-terminal lid swapping contributes to the substrate specificity and activity of thermophilic lipase TrLipE. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193955. [PMID: 37434709 PMCID: PMC10332459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TrLipE is a thermophilic lipase that has potential commercial applications because of its catalytic ability under extreme conditions. Consistent with most lipases, the lid of TrLipE is located over the catalytic pocket, controls the substrate channel to the active center, and regulates the substrate specificity, activity, and stability of the enzyme through conformational changes. TrLipE from Thermomicrobium roseum has potential industrial applications, which is hindered by its weak enzymatic activity. Here, 18 chimeras (TrL1-TrL18) were reconstructed by N-terminal lid swapping between TrLipE and structurally similar enzymes. The results showed that the chimeras had a similar pH range and optimum pH as wild TrLipE but a narrower temperature range of 40-80°C, and TrL17 and the other chimeras showed lower optimum temperatures of 70°C and 60°C, respectively. In addition, the half-lives of the chimeras were lower than those of TrLipE under optimum temperature conditions. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that chimeras had high RMSD, RMSF, and B-factor values. When p-nitrophenol esters with different chains were used as substrates, compared with TrLipE, most of the chimeras had a low Km and high kcat value. The chimeras TrL2, TrL3, TrL17, and TrL18 could specifically catalyze the substrate 4-nitrophenyl benzoate, with TrL17 showing the highest kcat/Km value of 363.88 ± 15.83 L⋅min-1⋅mmol-1. Mutants were then designed by investigating the binding free energies of TrL17 and 4-nitrophenyl benzoate. The results indicated that single, double, and triple substitution variants (M89W and I206N; E33W/I206M and M89W/I206M; and M89W/I206M/L21I and M89W/I206N/L21I, respectively) presented approximately 2- to 3-fold faster catalysis of 4-nitrophenyl benzoate than the wild TrL17. Our observations will facilitate the development of the properties and industrial applications of TrLipE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, Technology Innovation Center of Special Food for State Market Regulation, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Kumar R, Meghwanshi GK, Marcianò D, Ullah SF, Bulone V, Toffolatti SL, Srivastava V. Sequence, structure and functionality of pectin methylesterases and their use in sustainable carbohydrate bioproducts: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125385. [PMID: 37330097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are enzymes that play a critical role in modifying pectins, a class of complex polysaccharides in plant cell walls. These enzymes catalyze the removal of methyl ester groups from pectins, resulting in a change in the degree of esterification and consequently, the physicochemical properties of the polymers. PMEs are found in various plant tissues and organs, and their activity is tightly regulated in response to developmental and environmental factors. In addition to the biochemical modification of pectins, PMEs have been implicated in various biological processes, including fruit ripening, defense against pathogens, and cell wall remodelling. This review presents updated information on PMEs, including their sources, sequences and structural diversity, biochemical properties and function in plant development. The article also explores the mechanisms of PME action and the factors influencing enzyme activity. In addition, the review highlights the potential applications of PMEs in various industrial sectors related to biomass exploitation, food, and textile industries, with a focus on development of bioproducts based on eco-friendly and efficient industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Demetrio Marcianò
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sadia Fida Ullah
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia Laura Toffolatti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Yao H, Liu S, Liu T, Ren D, Yang Q, Zhou Z, Mao J. Screening of marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:172. [PMID: 37115432 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediments are one of the largest habitats on Earth, and their unique ecology, such as high salinity, high pressure, and hypoxia, may activate certain silent genes in marine microbes, resulting in microbes, enzymes, active products, and specific metabolic pathways that can adapt to these specific ecological environments. Marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites are of great significance and have potential commercial development prospects for food, pharmaceutical, chemical industries, agriculture, environmental protection and human nutrition and health. In recent years, although there have been numerous scientific reports surrounding marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites, a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. This paper presents the development and renewal of traditional culture-dependent and omics analysis techniques and their application to the screening of marine sediment-derived microorganisms producing bioactive substances. It also highlights recent research advances in the last five years surrounding the types, functional properties and potential applications of bioactive metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived microorganisms. These bioactive metabolites mainly include antibiotics, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, sugars, proteins, peptides, and some other small molecule metabolites. In addition, the review ends with concluding remarks on the challenges and future directions for marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites. The review report not only helps to deepen the understanding of marine sediment-derived microorganisms and their bioactive metabolites, but also provides some useful information for the exploitation and utilization of marine microbial resources and the mining of new compounds with potential functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biology and Food Engineering, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongliang Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qilin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, Guangdong, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, 31200, Zhejiang, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., LTD, Shaoxing, 646000, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Kumar R. Structural dynamics and mechanistic action guided engineering of lipolytic enzymes. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 37087743 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipases have been established as important biocatalysts in several industrial applications, owing to their diverse substrate specificity. The availability of data on three-dimensional crystal structures for various lipases offers an opportunity for modulating their structural and functional aspects to design and engineer better versions of lipases. With the aim of investigating the structural components governing the extremophilic behavior of lipases, structural analysis of microbial lipases was performed using advanced bioinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. In sequences and functionally distinct alkaliphilic and thermophilic lipases were investigated for their functional properties to understand the distinguishing features of their structures. The alkaliphilic lipase from Bacillus subtilis (LipA) showed conformational changes in the loop region Ala132-Met137, subsequently, the active site residue His156 shows two conformations, toward the active site nucleophilic residues Ser77 and away from the Ser77. Interestingly, the active site of LipA is more solvent-exposed and can be correlated with the adoption of an open conformation which might extend and expose the active site region to solvents during the catalysis process. Furthermore, the MD simulation of thermophilic lipase from marine Streptomyces (MAS1) revealed the role of N- and C-terminal regions with disulfide bridges and identified a metal ion binding site that facilitates the enzyme stability. The novel thermo-alkaliphilic lipase can be designed to integrate the stability features of MAS1 into the alkaliphilic LipA. These structural-level intrinsic characteristics can be used for lipase engineering to amend the lipase activity and stability as per the requirements of the industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Kumar
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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An Appraisal on Prominent Industrial and Biotechnological Applications of Bacterial Lipases. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:521-543. [PMID: 36319931 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases expedite the hydrolysis and synthesis of long-chain acyl esters. They are highly significant commercial biocatalysts to biotechnologists and organic chemists. The market size of lipase is anticipated to reach $590 million by 2023. This is all owing to their versatility in properties, including stability in organic solvents, interfacial activation in micro-aqueous environments, high substrate specificity, and activity in even non-aqueous milieu. Lipases are omnipresent and synthesized by various living organisms, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. Microbial lipases are the preferred choice for industrial applications as they entail low production costs, higher yield independent of seasonal changes, easier purification practices, and are capable of being genetically modified. Microbial lipases are employed in several common industries, namely various food manufactories (dairy, bakery, flavor, and aroma enhancement, etc.), leather tanneries, paper and pulp, textiles, detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, biodiesel synthesis, bioremediation and waste treatment, and many more. In recent decades, circumspection toward eco-friendly and sustainable energy has led scientists to develop industrial mechanisms with lesser waste/effluent generation, minimal overall energy usage, and biocatalysts that can be synthesized using renewable, low-cost, and unconventional raw materials. However, there are still issues regarding the commercial use of lipases which make industrialists wary and sometimes even switch back to chemical catalysis. Industrially relevant lipase properties must be further optimized, analyzed, and explored to ensure their continuous successful utilization. This review comprehensively describes the general background, structural characteristics, classifications, thermostability, and various roles of bacterial lipases in important industries.
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17
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Girelli AM, Chiappini V. Renewable, sustainable, and natural lignocellulosic carriers for lipase immobilization: A review. J Biotechnol 2023; 365:29-47. [PMID: 36796453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that enzymes are molecules particularly susceptible to pH and temperature variations. Immobilization techniques may overcome this weakness besides improving the reusability of the biocatalysts. Given the strong push toward a circular economy, the use of natural lignocellulosic wastes as supports for enzyme immobilization has been increasingly attractive in recent years. This fact is mainly due to their high availability, low costs, and the possibility of reducing the environmental impact that can occur when they are improperly stored. In addition, they have physical and chemical characteristics suitable for enzyme immobilization (large surface area, high rigidity, porosity, reactive functional groups, etc.). This review aims to guide readers and provide them with the tools necessary to select the most suitable methodology for lipase immobilization on lignocellulosic wastes. The importance and the characteristics of an increasingly interesting enzyme, such as lipase, and the advantages and disadvantages of the different immobilization methods will be discussed. The various kinds of lignocellulosic wastes and the processing required to make them suitable as carriers will be also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Girelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Viviana Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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18
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Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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19
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Gricajeva A, Kalėdienė L. Investigation of amino acids related to Staphylococcus saprophyticus AG1 EstAG1 carboxylesterase catalytic function revealed a new family of bacterial lipolytic enzymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123791. [PMID: 36828093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Most of the lipolytic enzymes (carboxylesterases, EC 3.1.1.1 and triacylglycerol acylhydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) originate from bacteria and form a large group of functionally important enzymes that are also well known for their use in multiple biotechnology sectors. Rapid and increasing amount of bacterial lipolytic enzymes being discovered and characterized led to a necessity to classify them. More than twenty years ago bacterial lipolytic enzymes were originally classified into eight families and six true lipase sub-families based on the differences in their amino acid sequences and biochemical properties. Later, this classification was comprehensively updated to 19 families with eight subfamilies, and more recently, employing deeper comparative analysis methods, classification expanded to 35 families and 11 subfamilies. Bacterial lipolytic enzymes that cannot be classified into currently existing families are still being discovered. This work provides site-directed mutagenesis and differential scanning fluorimetry based investigation of catalytic function-related amino acids of previously discovered and characterized EstAG1 carboxylesterase from Staphylococcus saprophyticus AG1. Experimental results obtained in this work revealed that EstAG1 carboxylesterase can be placed into a new family of bacterial lipolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gricajeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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20
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Evaluation of Thar Desert bacterial lipases for catalytic efficiencies and biodiesel production potentials. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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21
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Cieh NL, Mokhtar MN, Baharuddin AS, Mohammed MAP, Wakisaka M. Progress on Lipase Immobilization Technology in Edible Oil and Fat Modifications. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2172427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ng Lin Cieh
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noriznan Mokhtar
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azhari Samsu Baharuddin
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Afandi P. Mohammed
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Minato Wakisaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
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22
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Honeder SE, Tomin T, Schinagl M, Pfleger R, Hoehlschen J, Darnhofer B, Schittmayer M, Birner‐Gruenberger R. Research Advances Through Activity‐Based Lipid Hydrolase Profiling. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Elisabeth Honeder
- Research and Diagnostic Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz Stiftingtalstraße 6 8036 Graz Austria
| | - Tamara Tomin
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Maximilian Schinagl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Raphael Pfleger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Julia Hoehlschen
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry Center for Medical Research Medical University of Graz Neue Stiftingtalstraße 24 8036 Graz Austria
| | - Matthias Schittmayer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
| | - Ruth Birner‐Gruenberger
- Research and Diagnostic Institute of Pathology Medical University of Graz Stiftingtalstraße 6 8036 Graz Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics University of Technology Vienna Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Wien Austria
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23
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Ming J, Sun Y, Chen Y, Wang Q, Li J. Novel Lipase Reactor based on Discontinuous Interfaces in Hydrogel-Organogel Hybrid Gel: A Preliminary Exploration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2113-2123. [PMID: 36688519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
According to the "interfacial activation" mechanism, constructing a sufficient interface is the key strategy for lipase-catalytic system designing. Based on the "infinite interface in finite three-dimensional space" logic, in the current study, poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA)-polybutyl methacrylate (PBMA) hybrid gels were prepared by a two-step crosslinking strategy, subsequently constructed as lipase-interfacial catalytic systems. The results confirm that the PDMA-PBMA hybrid gels with "networks in pores" structures could swell both the aqueous phase and organic phase. The balance between water swelling and isooctane swelling, hybrid gel space (height control), and the lipase entry manner significantly affect the interface construction and consequently the catalytic efficiency. The enzyme-substrate contact rate affected by swelling leads to three catalytic stages. Considering the spatial barrier and distribution of lipases, a potential high-performance lipase reactor can be assembled from small-size, lamellar-like, and porous hybrid gels. The reactors also show good time storage and low temperature tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueru Sun
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing100048, People's Republic of China
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Rabbani G, Ahmad E, Ahmad A, Khan RH. Structural features, temperature adaptation and industrial applications of microbial lipases from psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic origins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:822-839. [PMID: 36402388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are very prominent biocatalysts because of their ability to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Here microbial lipases from different origins (psychrophiles, mesophiles, and thermophiles) have been reviewed. This review emphasizes an update of structural diversity in temperature adaptation and industrial applications, of psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic lipases. The microbial origins of lipases are logically dynamic, proficient, and also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. It is therefore of interest to understand the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to temperature in occurring lipases. However, lipases from extremophiles (psychrophiles, and thermophiles) are widely used to design biotransformation reactions with higher yields, fewer byproducts, or useful side products and have been predicted to catalyze those reactions also, which otherwise are not possible with the mesophilic lipases. Lipases as a multipurpose biological catalyst have given a favorable vision in meeting the needs of several industries such as biodiesel, foods, and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals, and medicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India.
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Wang Z, Lin S, Zhang Q, Li J, Yin S. Construction of a Novel Lipase Catalytic System Based on Hybrid Membranes with Interwoven Electrospun Polyacrylic Acid and Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Gel Fibers. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120812. [PMID: 36547336 PMCID: PMC9777577 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient lipase catalysis requires sufficient oil-water interface engineered through structural design. Inspired by the architectural features of fabrics, a novel lipase-membrane catalytic system with interwoven polyacrylic acid (PAA) gel fibers and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) gel fibers was developed in this study by using double-needle electrospinning and gelation. It has been demonstrated that PAA/PVP hybrid gel fiber membranes (HGFMs) have a high swelling capacity for both water and oil phases, which created numerous discontinuous oil-water contact surface units in limited space of HGFMs, consequently forming effective interfacial catalytic systems. Volume competition between the water and oil phases suggests that balancing the proportions of these phases is very important for effective construction of oil-water interfaces and conditioning catalysis. Regulation of multiple factors of PAA/PVP HGFMs resulted in a catalytic efficiency of up to 2.1 times that of a macroscopic "oil-up/water-down" system (room temperature, pH = 7), and 2.9 times when three membranes are superimposed, as well as excellent pH and temperature stability. HGFMs were stacked to build a high-performing catalytic performance reactor. We expect that this study will be a beneficial exploration for expanding the lipase catalytic system.
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Meghwanshi GK, Verma S, Srivastava V, Kumar R. Archaeal lipolytic enzymes: Current developments and further prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Synthesis of Ibuprofen Monoglyceride Using Novozym®435: Biocatalyst Activation and Stabilization in Multiphasic Systems. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work was focused on the enzymatic esterification of glycerol and ibuprofen at high concentrations in two triphasic systems composed of toluene+ibuprofene (apolar) and glycerol or glycerol–water (polar) liquid phases, and a solid phase with the industrial immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica named Novozym®435 (N435) acting as the biocatalyst. Based on a preliminary study, the concentration of the enzyme was set at 30 g·L−1 and the stirring speed at 720 r.p.m to reduce external mass transfer limitations. To obtain more information on the reaction system, it was conducted at a wide range of temperatures (50 to 80 °C) and initial concentrations of ibuprofen (20–100 g·L−1, that is, 97 to 483 mM). Under these experimental conditions, the external mass transfer, according to the Mears criterion (Me = 1.47–3.33·10−4 << 0.15), was fast, presenting no limitation to the system productivity, regardless of the presence of water and from 50 to 80 °C. Considering that the enzyme is immobilized in a porous ion-exchange resin, limitations due to internal mass transfer can exist, depending on the values of the effectiveness factor (η). It varied from 0.14 to 0.23 at 50 to 80 °C and 0.32–1 mm particle diameter range in the absence of water, and in the same ranges, from 0.40 to 0.66 in the presence of 7.4% w/w water in the glycerol phase. Thus, it is evident that some limitation occurs due to mass transfer inside the pores, while the presence of water in the polar phase increases the productivity 3–4 fold. During the kinetic study, several kinetic models were proposed for both triphasic reacting systems, with and without first-order biocatalyst deactivation, and their fit to all relevant experimental data led to the observation that the best kinetic model was a reversible hyperbolic model with first-order deactivation in the anhydrous reaction system and a similar model, but without deactivation, for the system with added water at zero time. This fact is in sharp contrast to the use of N435 in a water-glycerol monophasic system, where progressive dissolution of ibuprofen in the reacting media, together with a notable enzyme deactivation, is observed.
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Fang Y, Liu F, Shi Y, Yang T, Liang C, Xin Y, Gu Z, Shi G, Zhang L. Hotspots and Mechanisms of Action of the Thermostable Framework of a Microbial Thermolipase. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3460-3470. [PMID: 36173803 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The lipase TrLipB from Thermomicrobium roseum is highly thermostable. However, its thermostable skeleton and mechanism of action should be investigated for industrial applications. Toward this, TrLipB was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method and subjected to X-ray diffraction at 2.0 Å resolution in this study. The rigid sites, such as the prolines on the relatively flexible loops on the enzyme surface, were scanned. Soft substitutions of these sites were designed using both molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and site-directed mutagenesis. The thermostability of several substitutions decreased markedly, while the catalytic efficiencies of the P9G, P127G, P194G, and P300G mutants reduced substantially; additionally, the thermostable framework of the double mutant, P194G/P300G, was considerably perturbed. However, the substitutions on the lid of the enzyme, including P49G and P48G, promoted the catalytic efficiency to approximately 150% and slightly enhanced the thermostability below 80 °C. In MD simulations, the P100G, P194G, P100G/P194G, P194G/P300G, and P100G/P194G/P300G mutants showed high B-factors and RMSD values, whereas the secondary structures, radius of gyration, H-bonds, and solvent accessible surface areas of these mutants were markedly affected. Our observations will assist in understanding the natural framework of a stable lipase, which might contribute to its industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Fang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, Technology Innovation Center of Special Food for State Market Regulation, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Chaojuan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P.R. China
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The immobilization protocol greatly alters the effects of metal phosphate modification on the activity/stability of immobilized lipases. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2452-2466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Johan UUM, Rahman RNZRA, Kamarudin NHA, Latip W, Ali MSM. A new hyper-thermostable carboxylesterase from Anoxybacillus geothermalis D9. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2486-2497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Microbial Lipases and Their Potential in the Production of Pharmaceutical Building Blocks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179933. [PMID: 36077332 PMCID: PMC9456414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes involving lipases in obtaining active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are crucial to increase the sustainability of the industry. Despite their lower production cost, microbial lipases are striking for their versatile catalyzing reactions beyond their physiological role. In the context of taking advantage of microbial lipases in reactions for the synthesis of API building blocks, this review focuses on: (i) the structural origins of the catalytic properties of microbial lipases, including the results of techniques such as single particle monitoring (SPT) and the description of its selectivity beyond the Kazlauskas rule as the “Mirror-Image Packing” or the “Key Region(s) rule influencing enantioselectivity” (KRIE); (ii) immobilization methods given the conferred operative advantages in industrial applications and their modulating capacity of lipase properties; and (iii) a comprehensive description of microbial lipases use as a conventional or promiscuous catalyst in key reactions in the organic synthesis (Knoevenagel condensation, Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reactions, Markovnikov additions, Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, racemization, among others). Finally, this review will also focus on a research perspective necessary to increase microbial lipases application development towards a greener industry.
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Dhumal TT, Kumar R, Paul A, Roy PK, Garg P, Singh S. Molecular explorations of the Leishmania donovani 6-phosphogluconolactonase enzyme, a key player in the pentose phosphate pathway. Biochimie 2022; 202:212-225. [PMID: 36037881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway are vital to survival in kinetoplastids. The second step of the pentose phosphate pathway involves hydrolytic cleavage of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconic acid by 6- phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL). In the present study, Leishmania donovani 6PGL (Ld6PGL) was cloned and overexpressed in bacterial expression system. Comparative sequence analysis revealed the conserved sequence motifs, functionally and structurally important residues in 6PGL family. In silico amino acid substitution study and interacting partners of 6PGL were predicted. The Ld6PGL enzyme was found to be active in the assay and in the parasites. Specificity was confirmed by western blot analysis. The ∼30 kDa protein was found to be a dimer in MALDI, glutaraldehyde crosslinking and size exclusion chromatography studies. Kinetic analysis and structural stability studies of Ld6PGL were performed with denaturants and at varied temperature. Computational 3D Structural modelling of Ld6PGL elucidates that it has a similar α/β hydrolase fold structural topology as in other members of 6PGL family. The three loops are found in extended form when the structure is compared with the human 6PGL (Hs6PGL). Further, enzyme substrate binding mode and its mechanism were investigated using the molecular docking and molecular simulation studies. Interesting dynamics action of substrate 6-phosphogluconolactone was observed into active site during MD simulation. Interesting differences were observed between host and parasite enzyme which pointed towards its potential to be explored as an antileishmanial drug target. This study forms the basis for further analysis of the role of Ld6PGL in combating oxidative stress in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Tukaram Dhumal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anindita Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Pradyot Kumar Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India.
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Gutiérrez-Domínguez DE, Chí-Manzanero B, Rodríguez-Argüello MM, Todd JNA, Islas-Flores I, Canseco-Pérez MÁ, Canto-Canché B. Identification of a Novel Lipase with AHSMG Pentapeptide in Hypocreales and Glomerellales Filamentous Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169367. [PMID: 36012636 PMCID: PMC9408867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that hydrolyze triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol. A typical element in lipases is a conserved motif of five amino acids (the pentapeptide), most commonly G-X-S-X-G. Lipases with the pentapeptide A-X-S-X-G are present in species of Bacillus, Paucimonas lemoignei, and the yeast Trichosporon asahii; they are usually thermotolerant and solvent resistant. Recently, while searching for true lipases in the Trichoderma harzianum genome, one lipase containing the pentapeptide AHSMG was identified. In this study, we cloned from T. harzianum strain B13-1 the lipase ID135964, renamed here as ThaL, which is 97.65% identical with the reference. We found that ThaL is a lid-containing true lipase of cluster III that belongs to a large family comprising highly conserved proteins in filamentous fungi in the orders Hypocreales and Glomerellales, in which predominantly pathogenic fungi are found. ThaL was expressed in conidia, as well as in T. harzianum mycelium, where it was cultured in liquid minimal medium. These results—together with the amino acid composition, absence of a signal peptide, mitochondrial sorting prediction, disordered regions in the protein, and lineage-specific phylogenetic distribution of its homologs—suggest that ThaL is a non-canonical effector. In summary, AHSMG-lipase is a novel lipase family in filamentous fungi, and is probably involved in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Esther Gutiérrez-Domínguez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Bartolomé Chí-Manzanero
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - María Mercedes Rodríguez-Argüello
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jewel Nicole Anna Todd
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Islas-Flores
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Canseco-Pérez
- Dirección de Investigación, Evaluación y Posgrado, Universidad Tecnológica de Tlaxcala, Carretera a el Carmen Xalplatlahuaya s/n. El Carmen Xalplatlahuaya, Huamantla C.P. 90500, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Blondy Canto-Canché
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Yucatán, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-999-942-8330
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Escudeiro P, Henry CS, Dias RP. Functional characterization of prokaryotic dark matter: the road so far and what lies ahead. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100159. [PMID: 36561390 PMCID: PMC9764257 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight-hundred thousand to one trillion prokaryotic species may inhabit our planet. Yet, fewer than two-hundred thousand prokaryotic species have been described. This uncharted fraction of microbial diversity, and its undisclosed coding potential, is known as the "microbial dark matter" (MDM). Next-generation sequencing has allowed to collect a massive amount of genome sequence data, leading to unprecedented advances in the field of genomics. Still, harnessing new functional information from the genomes of uncultured prokaryotes is often limited by standard classification methods. These methods often rely on sequence similarity searches against reference genomes from cultured species. This hinders the discovery of unique genetic elements that are missing from the cultivated realm. It also contributes to the accumulation of prokaryotic gene products of unknown function among public sequence data repositories, highlighting the need for new approaches for sequencing data analysis and classification. Increasing evidence indicates that these proteins of unknown function might be a treasure trove of biotechnological potential. Here, we outline the challenges, opportunities, and the potential hidden within the functional dark matter (FDM) of prokaryotes. We also discuss the pitfalls surrounding molecular and computational approaches currently used to probe these uncharted waters, and discuss future opportunities for research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Escudeiro
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Christopher S. Henry
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA,University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ricardo P.M. Dias
- BioISI - Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal,iXLab - Innovation for National Biological Resilience, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal,Corresponding author.
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35
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Extracting extremophilic lipases from aqueous streams by using biocompatible ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Bhattacharyya M, Basu S, Dhar R, Dutta TK. Phthalate hydrolase: distribution, diversity and molecular evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:333-346. [PMID: 34816599 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The alpha/beta-fold superfamily of hydrolases is rapidly becoming one of the largest groups of structurally related enzymes with diverse catalytic functions. In this superfamily of enzymes, esterase deserves special attention because of their wide distribution in biological systems and importance towards environmental and industrial applications. Among various esterases, phthalate hydrolases are the key alpha/beta enzymes involved in the metabolism of structurally diverse estrogenic phthalic acid esters, ubiquitously distributed synthetic chemicals, used as plasticizer in plastic manufacturing processes. Although they vary both at the sequence and functional levels, these hydrolases use a similar acid-base-nucleophile catalytic mechanism to catalyse reactions on structurally different substrates. The current review attempts to present insights on phthalate hydrolases, describing their sources, structural diversities, phylogenetic affiliations and catalytically different types or classes of enzymes, categorized as diesterase, monoesterase and diesterase-monoesterase, capable of hydrolysing phthalate diester, phthalate monoester and both respectively. Furthermore, available information on in silico analyses and site-directed mutagenesis studies revealing structure-function integrity and altered enzyme kinetics have been highlighted along with the possible scenario of their evolution at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suman Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rinita Dhar
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Kaari M, Manikkam R, Baskaran A. Exploring Newer Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Marine Microbial Prospecting. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:448-467. [PMID: 35394575 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine microbes genetically evolved to survive varying salinity, temperature, pH, and other stress factors by producing different bioactive metabolites. These microbial secondary metabolites (SMs) are novel, have high potential, and could be used as lead molecule. Genome sequencing of microbes revealed that they have the capability to produce numerous novel bioactive metabolites than observed under standard in vitro culture conditions. Microbial genome has specific regions responsible for SM assembly, termed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), possessing all the necessary genes to encode different enzymes required to generate SM. In order to augment the microbial chemo diversity and to activate these gene clusters, various tools and techniques are developed. Metagenomics with functional gene expression studies aids in classifying novel peptides and enzymes and also in understanding the biosynthetic pathways. Genome shuffling is a high-throughput screening approach to improve the development of SMs by incorporating genomic recombination. Transcriptionally silent or lower level BGCs can be triggered by artificially knocking promoter of target BGC. Additionally, bioinformatic tools like antiSMASH, ClustScan, NAPDOS, and ClusterFinder are effective in identifying BGCs of existing class for annotation in genomes. This review summarizes the significance of BGCs and the different approaches for detecting and elucidating BGCs from marine microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manigundan Kaari
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Manikkam
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Abirami Baskaran
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
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38
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Bashiri R, Curtis TP, Ofiţeru ID. The limitations of the current protein classification tools in identifying lipolytic features in putative bacterial lipase sequences. J Biotechnol 2022; 351:30-37. [PMID: 35523393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metagenomics sequencing has generated millions of new protein sequences, most of them with unknown functions. A relatively quick first step for function assignment is to use the existing public protein databases and their scanning tools. However, to date these tools are not able to identify all sequence features like conserved motifs or patterns. In this study we evaluated the capability of several protein public databases (e.g., InterPro, PROSITE, ESTHER, pfam, AlphaFold etc) and their scanning tools for identifying lipolytic features in 78 putative cold-adapted bacterial lipase sequences. Novel lipases that can tolerate extreme conditions have great biotechnological importance. We obtained the putative cold-adapted lipolytic sequences from the metagenomic study of anaerobic psychrophilic microbial community treating domestic wastewater at 4 and 15 ℃. Both newer and conventional protein classifiers failed to find lipolytic features for most of the putative lipases. InterProScan predicted lipase family membership for only 18 of the putative lipase sequences. For more than half of them (41 out of 78) InterProScan could not predict any protein family membership, let alone find lipolytic features in them. However, when the Lipase Engineering Database and AlphaFold were used, half of those sequences were classified. Conventional databases like PROSITE could find lipolytic patterns for 9 of the putative lipolytic sequences of which only one was identified by InterProScan as a lipase. Moreover, different scanning tools made different and inconsistent predictions for a certain putative lipase sequence. Even InterProScan, which integrates predictions from 13 protein member databases, did not have a consensus prediction for a certain lipase sequence. Our study shows that there is lack of information in public protein databases about bacterial lipase sequences and this limits their lipolytic feature prediction and biotechnological application. The integration of AlphaFold within the InterPro can improve the lipase identification and classification significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Bashiri
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas P Curtis
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Irina D Ofiţeru
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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Kashyap A, Gupta R. N-truncation in lipase Lip11 from Yarrowia lipolytica alleviates substrate inhibition with improved stability and efficiency ensuing distinct structural modifications. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuang L, Zhang Q, Li J, Tian H. An Electrospun Sandwich-Type Lipase-Membrane Bioreactor for Hydrolysis at Macroscopic Oil-Water Interfaces. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:584-591. [PMID: 34788030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The core task for lipase catalytic system design is to construct a suitable oil-water interface for lipase distribution. In comparison to the micro-oil-water interface, the macro-oil-water interface (top oil-bottom water) served as a simplified lipase catalytic system that is more in line with industrial applications but limited in catalytic efficiency. Based on the assumption that one potential carrier can help lipase reach to the macro-oil-water interface, in the current work, sandwich-type lipase-membrane bioreactors (SLMBs) fabricated by a facile layer-by-layer electrospinning process were reported. These SLMBs were composed of a hydrophilic polyamide 6 nanofibrous membrane (NFM) as the bottom layer, a blended electrospun lipase/PVA NFM as the middle layer, and a hydrophobic EC/PU NFM as the top layer. The lipase loading can be controlled by altering the electrospinning time of the middle layer. Under the optimized conditions, the catalytic efficiency of the SLMBs was 2.05 times higher than that of free lipase. In addition, the SLMBs exhibit much better pH (high activity over a broad pH range of 5-10), temperature (retained 62% at 80 °C), storage stability (no loss of activity after being stored at 4 °C for 11 days), and reusability (retained 23% after five cycles) than free lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kuang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Huafeng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Exploring the Diversity and Biotechnological Potential of Cultured and Uncultured Coral-Associated Bacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112235. [PMID: 34835361 PMCID: PMC8622030 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral-associated microbes are crucial for the biology of their hosts, contributing to nutrient cycling, adaptation, mitigation of toxic compounds, and biological control of pathogens. Natural products from coral-associated micro-organisms (CAM) may possess unique traits. Despite this, the use of CAM for biotechnological purposes has not yet been adequately explored. Here, we investigated the production of commercially important enzymes by 37 strains of bacteria isolated from the coral species Mussismilia braziliensis, Millepora alcicornis, and Porites astreoides. In-vitro enzymatic assays showed that up to 56% of the isolates produced at least one of the seven enzymes screened (lipase, caseinase, keratinase, cellulase, chitinase, amylase, and gelatinase); one strain, identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens produced all these enzymes. Additionally, coral species-specific cultured and uncultured microbial communities were identified. The phylum Firmicutes predominated among the isolates, including the genera Exiguobacterium, Bacillus, and Halomonas, among others. Next-generation sequencing and bacteria culturing produced similar but also complementary data, with certain genera detected only by one or the other method. Our results demonstrate the importance of exploring different coral species as sources of specific micro-organisms of biotechnological and industrial interest, at the same time reinforcing the economic and ecological importance of coral reefs as reservoirs of such diversity.
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Yao W, Liu K, Liu H, Jiang Y, Wang R, Wang W, Wang T. A Valuable Product of Microbial Cell Factories: Microbial Lipase. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:743377. [PMID: 34616387 PMCID: PMC8489457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a powerful factory, microbial cells produce a variety of enzymes, such as lipase. Lipase has a wide range of actions and participates in multiple reactions, and they can catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol into its component free fatty acids and glycerol backbone. Lipase exists widely in nature, most prominently in plants, animals and microorganisms, among which microorganisms are the most important source of lipase. Microbial lipases have been adapted for numerous industrial applications due to their substrate specificity, heterogeneous patterns of expression and versatility (i.e., capacity to catalyze reactions at the extremes of pH and temperature as well as in the presence of metal ions and organic solvents). Now they have been introduced into applications involving the production and processing of food, pharmaceutics, paper making, detergents, biodiesel fuels, and so on. In this mini-review, we will focus on the most up-to-date research on microbial lipases and their commercial and industrial applications. We will also discuss and predict future applications of these important technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kaiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, College of Bioengineering, QiLu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Wu H, Chen Q, Zhang W, Mu W. Overview of strategies for developing high thermostability industrial enzymes: Discovery, mechanism, modification and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2057-2073. [PMID: 34445912 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1970508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysts such as enzymes are environmentally friendly and have substrate specificity, which are preferred in the production of various industrial products. However, the strict reaction conditions in industry including high temperature, organic solvents, strong acids and bases and other harsh environments often destabilize enzymes, and thus substantially compromise their catalytic functions, and greatly restrict their applications in food, pharmaceutical, textile, bio-refining and feed industries. Therefore, developing industrial enzymes with high thermostability becomes very important in industry as thermozymes have more advantages under high temperature. Discovering new thermostable enzymes using genome sequencing, metagenomics and sample isolation from extreme environments, or performing molecular modification of the existing enzymes with poor thermostability using emerging protein engineering technology have become an effective means of obtaining thermozymes. Based on the thermozymes as biocatalytic chips in industry, this review systematically analyzes the ways to discover thermostable enzymes from extreme environment, clarifies various interaction forces that will affect thermal stability of enzymes, and proposes different strategies to improve enzymes' thermostability. Furthermore, latest development in the thermal stability modification of industrial enzymes through rational design strategies is comprehensively introduced from structure-activity relationship point of view. Challenges and future research perspectives are put forward as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Araujo SC, Ramos MRMF, do Espírito Santo EL, de Menezes LHS, de Carvalho MS, Tavares IMDC, Franco M, de Oliveira JR. Optimization of lipase production by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 through solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial residue based on a univariate analysis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:325-330. [PMID: 34261412 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1944203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipases (triacylglycerol hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are a class of enzymes with high industrial importance. An option for the production of this enzyme is through fungal growth via solid-state fermentation (SSF). Thus, this research presents a study of lipase production by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 through SSF using cocoa bran residues (Theobroma cacao) as a substrate. To achieve maximum lipase production, fermentation time (0 to 120 h) and palm oil (PO) percentage (0 to 50%) were optimized through analysis of one factor at a time (OFAT), with lipase activity as the response. The amount of cocoa was fixed (5 g), the incubation temperature was maintained at 27 °C, and the moisture content was established at 70%. For a 72 h incubation, the highest enzyme activity achieved using SSF without adding PO was 14.67 ± 1.47 U g-1, whereas with PO (30%), it was 33.33 ± 3.33 U g-1, thus demonstrating a 44% increase in enzyme activity. Through the OFAT methodology, it was possible to confirm that supplementation with palm residue was efficient and maximized the lipase of P. roqueforti ATCC 10110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabryna Couto Araujo
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Salvatierra HN, Regner EL, Baigorí MD, Pera LM. Orchestration an extracellular lipase production from Aspergillus niger MYA 135: biomass morphology and fungal physiology. AMB Express 2021; 11:42. [PMID: 33730322 PMCID: PMC7969684 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of biomass morphology and culture conditions on fungal fermentation was widely reviewed in the literature. In this work, we presented three independent experiments in order to evaluate the influence of some of those input factors on a lipase production separately by using the Aspergillus niger MYA 135 and the two-stage fermentation technique. Regarding the culture modality, the biomass was pre-grown in a first reactor. Then, the washed mycelium was transferred to a second reactor to continue the study. Firstly, linear effects of fungal morphology and several physiological parameters on a lipase production were explored using the Plackett-Burman design. The dispersed fungal morphology was confirmed as a proper quality characteristic for producing an extracellular lipase activity. Concerning the impact of the carbon source on the biomass pre-growth, the sucrose (E = 9.923, p < 0.001) and the L-arabinose (E = 4.198, p = 0.009) presented positive and significant effects on the enzyme production. On the contrary, the supplementation of 0.05 g/L CaCl2 displayed a highly negative and significant effect on this process (E = - 7.390, p < 0.001). Secondly, the relationship between the enzyme production and the input variables N:C ratio, FeCl3 and olive oil was explored applying the central composite design. Among the model terms, the N:C ratio of the production medium had the most negative and significant influence on the enzyme synthesis. Thus, it was concluded that a low N:C ratio was preferable to increase its production. In addition, the bifunctional role of FeCl3 on this fungus was presented. Thirdly, a prove of concept assay was also discussed.
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