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Xu JL, Tao SC, Bao LZ, Luo JM, Zheng YF. Effects of Mo contents on the microstructure, properties and cytocompatibility of the microwave sintered porous Ti-Mo alloys. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:156-165. [PMID: 30678900 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The porous Ti-Mo alloys were prepared by microwave sintering, and the effects of Mo contents on the pore structure, phase composition, compressive strength, elastic modulus, bending strength, corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of porous Ti-Mo alloys were investigated. The results show that the porous Ti-Mo alloys are composed of α phase and β phase, and the volume fraction of β phase increases with increasing the Mo contents. The amount of Kirkendall pores distributed over the porous Ti-Mo alloys skeleton increases with increasing the Mo contents, which greatly increases the porosities and pore sizes of the porous Ti-Mo alloys. Correspondingly, all of the compressive strength, elastic modulus and bending strength of the porous Ti-Mo alloys decrease with increasing the Mo contents. The porous Ti-Mo alloys present excellent corrosion resistance in the Hank's solution due to the oxidation film of TiO2, MoO2 and MoO3 naturally formed on the surface, and the Mo contents have no obvious effect on the corrosion resistance. The cell viabilities of the porous Ti-Mo alloys are higher than 94%, indicating the porous Ti-Mo alloys possess favorable cytocompatibility. Moreover, the porous Ti-Mo alloys are beneficial to the spread, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells, and the Mo contents have no significant effect on the cytocompatibility of the porous Ti-Mo alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China.
| | - S C Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - L Z Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - J M Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, PR China
| | - Y F Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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2
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Gao G, Li Y, Hu D, Xi Z. Structure and Infrared Emissivity Properties of the MAO Coatings Formed on TC4 Alloys in K₂ZrF₆-Based Solution. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11020254. [PMID: 29414841 PMCID: PMC5848951 DOI: 10.3390/ma11020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings were formed on TC4 alloy surface in silicate and metaphosphate electrolytes based with K2ZrF6 for various concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the phase composition, microstructure and chemical compositions of the coatings. The infrared emissivity of the coatings was measured at 50 °C in a wavelength range of 8–20 µm. The microstructural observations all revealed the typical porousstructures. Moreover, adecline in roughness and thickness of the prepared coatings can be observed when the concentration of K2ZrF6 increases. Combined with the results of XRD and XPS, it was found that all the oxides existed as the amorphous form in the coatings except the TiO2 phase. The coatings exhibited the highest infrared emissivity value (about 0.89) when the concentration of K2ZrF6 was 6 g/L, which was possibly attributed to the defect microstructure and the optimal role of ZrO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrui Gao
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, China.
- Xi'an Surface Material Protection Co, Ltd., Xi'an 710016, China.
| | - Ying Li
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Dan Hu
- Xi'an Surface Material Protection Co, Ltd., Xi'an 710016, China.
| | - Zhengping Xi
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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3
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Chávez-Díaz MP, Escudero-Rincón ML, Arce-Estrada EM, Cabrera-Sierra R. Effect of the Heat-Treated Ti6Al4V Alloy on the Fibroblastic Cell Response. MATERIALS 2017; 11:ma11010021. [PMID: 29301205 PMCID: PMC5793519 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two heat treatments were carried out below (Ti6Al4V800) and above (Ti6Al4V1050) Ti6Al4V beta-phase transformation temperature (980 °C), with the purpose of studying the effect of microstructure on the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast cells, as well as their electrochemical behavior. These alloys were seeded with 10,000 L929 fibroblast cells and immersed for 7 days in the cell culture at 37 °C, pH 7.40, 5% CO₂ and 100% relative humidity. Cell adhesion was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Polygonal and elongated cell morphology was observed independent of Ti6Al4V microstructure. Besides, C, O, P, S, Na and Cl signals were detected by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), associated with the synthesis of organic compounds excreted by the cells, including protein adsorption from the medium. In certain areas on Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V800 alloys, cells were agglomerated (island type), likely related to the globular microstructure; meanwhile, larger cellular coverage is shown for Ti6Al4V1050 alloy, forming more than one layer on the surface, where only Ca was recorded. Impedance diagrams showed a similar passive behavior for the different Ti6Al4V alloys, mainly due to TiO₂ overlaying the contribution of the organic compounds excreted by fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Paulina Chávez-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, UPALM Edificio 7, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Departamento de Ingeniería de Superficies, Corrosión y Durabilidad, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - María Lorenza Escudero-Rincón
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Departamento de Ingeniería de Superficies, Corrosión y Durabilidad, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Elsa Miriam Arce-Estrada
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia y Materiales, UPALM Edificio 7, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
| | - Román Cabrera-Sierra
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial, UPALM Edificio 7, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
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Effect of Acid Treatment on the Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-5Al-2Nb-1Ta and Its Electrochemical Investigations in Simulated Body Fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40735-017-0096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Osteoblast Cell Response on the Ti6Al4V Alloy Heat-Treated. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10040445. [PMID: 28772804 PMCID: PMC5506940 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to examine the effect of the microstructural changes of the Ti6Al4V alloy, two heat treatments were carried out below (Ti6Al4V800) and above (Ti6Al4V1050) its β-phase transformation temperature. After each treatment, globular and lamellar microstructures were obtained. Saos-2 pre-osteoblast human osteosarcoma cells were seeded onto Ti6Al4V alloy disks and immersed in cell culture for 7 days. Electrochemical assays in situ were performed using OCP and EIS measurements. Impedance data show a passive behavior for the three Ti6Al4V alloys; additionally, enhanced impedance values were recorded for Ti6Al4V800 and Ti6Al4V1050 alloys. This passive behavior in culture medium is mostly due to the formation of TiO₂ during their sterilization. Biocompatibility and cell adhesion were characterized using the SEM technique; Ti6Al4V as received and Ti6Al4V800 alloys exhibited polygonal and elongated morphology, whereas Ti6Al4V1050 alloy displayed a spherical morphology. Ti and O elements were identified by EDX analysis due to the TiO₂ and signals of C, N and O, related to the formation of organic compounds from extracellular matrix. These results suggest that cell adhesion is more likely to occur on TiO₂ formed in discrete α-phase regions (hcp) depending on its microstructure (grains).
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Anodisation and Sol–Gel Coatings as Surface Modification to Promote Osseointegration in Metallic Prosthesis. MODERN ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31849-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jimbo R, Naito Y, Galli S, Berner S, Dard M, Wennerberg A. Biomechanical and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of TiZr Alloy Implants: An in vivo Study in the Rabbit. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 17 Suppl 2:e670-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Yoshihito Naito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Health Biosciences; The University of Tokushima Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Silvia Galli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | | | - Michel Dard
- Institut Straumann AG; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Periodontics; New York University College of Dentistry; New York NY USA
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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Gomez Sanchez A, Ballarre J, Orellano JC, Duffó G, Ceré S. Surface modification of zirconium by anodisation as material for permanent implants: in vitro and in vivo study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:161-169. [PMID: 23053800 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of anodised zirconium as permanent implant has been investigated. Zirconium was anodised at constant potential between 3 and 30 V in H(3)PO(4). Electrochemical assays were conducted in simulated body fluid solution (SBF) in order to evaluate the effect of the surface oxide on the corrosion resistance in vitro after 30 days of immersion. The rupture potential increases when increasing thickness of the anodic surface film. The increase in the barrier effect when increasing anodising potential is also verified by EIS. Anodisation in H(3)PO(4) proved to increase the apatite formation capability of zirconium in a single step. In vivo bone formation was also analysed by implanting the modified materials in Wistar rats. Anodised Zr presents higher corrosion resistance in SBF in all the studied immersion times when compared with non anodised Zr. Additionally, in vivo experiments evidence bone generation and growth in contact with zirconium implants both in the as-received and anodised condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gomez Sanchez
- División Corrosión-INTEMA, Universidad Nacional del Mar del Plata-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Adawy A, Abdel-Fattah WI. An efficient biomimetic coating methodology for a prosthetic alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 33:1813-8. [PMID: 23827641 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the load-bearing metallic implants with the bioactive materials in the design of synthetic implants is an important aspect in the biomaterials research. Biomimetic coating of bioinert alloys with calcium phosphate phases provides a good alternative to the prerequisite for the continual replacement of implants because of the failure of bone-implant integration. We attempted to accelerate the biomimetic coating process of stainless steel alloy (316L) with biomimetic apatite. In addition, we investigated the incorporation of functioning minerals such as strontianite and smithsonite into the deposited layer. In order to develop a highly mature apatite coating, our method requires soaking of the pre-treated alloy in highly concentrated synthetic body fluid for only few hours. Surface characterizations were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Also, the deposited apatitic layers were analysed by powder diffraction X-ray analysis (XRD). 316L surface showed the growth of highly crystalline, low carbonated hydroxyapatite, after only 6h of the whole soaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Adawy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abstract
Titanium and their alloys have been used for biomedical applications due their excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, they are considered bioinerts materials because when they are inserted into the human body they are cannot form a chemical bond with bone. In several studies, the authors have attempted to modify their characteristic with treatments that changes the material surface. The purpose of this work was to evaluate obtaining of nanoapatite after growing of the nanotubes in surface of Ti-7.5Mo alloy. Alloy was obtained from c.p. titanium and molibdenium by using an arc-melting furnace. Ingots were submitted to heat treatment and they were cold worked by swaging. Nanotubes were processed using anodic oxidation of alloy in electrolyte solution. Surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), FEG-SEM and thin-film x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that nanoapatite coating could form on surface of Ti-7.5Mo experimental alloy after nanotubes growth.
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11
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Escada ALA, Machado JPB, Schneider SG, Rezende MCRA, Claro APRA. Biomimetic calcium phosphate coating on Ti-7.5Mo alloy for dental application. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:2457-2465. [PMID: 21909642 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have been used as bone-replacement implants due to their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, a titanium coating is a bioinert material and cannot bond chemically to bone tissue. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of alkaline treatment and heat treatment on the formation of calcium phosphate layer on the surface of a Ti-7.5Mo alloy after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). Thirty six titanium alloy plates were assigned into two groups. For group I, samples were immersed in a 5.0-M NaOH aqueous solution at 80°C for 72 h, washed with distilled water and dried at 40°C for 24 h. For group II, after the alkaline treatment, samples were heat-treated at 600°C for 1 h in an electrical furnace in air. Then, all samples were immersed in SBF for 7 or 14 days to allow the formation of a calcium phosphate coating on the surface. The surfaces were characterized using SEM, EDS, AFM and contact angle measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L A Escada
- Materials and Technology Department, Faculty of Engineering Guaratinguetá, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Pedregulho, Guaratinguetá, SP 12516-410, Brazil.
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12
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Gemelli E, Resende CX, de Almeida Soares GD. Nucleation and growth of octacalcium phosphate on treated titanium by immersion in a simplified simulated body fluid. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:2035-2047. [PMID: 20390323 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A simplified simulated body fluid solution (S-SBF) was used to study the kinetics and mechanism of nucleation and growth of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) on the surfaces of alkali and heat-treated titanium samples. After the alkali and heat treatments, the samples were soaked in S-SBF for periods varying up to 24 h. A thin layer of poorly crystallized calcium titanate was formed after 15 min of immersion, allowing for the deposition of another layer of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). After 2.5 h of immersion, OCP nuclei were observed on the surface of the ACP layer. After 5 h of immersion in S-SBF solution, the specimens were completely covered with a homogeneous plate-like layer of OCP. Analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed that nucleation and growth of OCP occurred concomitantly to the crystallization of ACP in hydroxyapatite (HA). This transformation took place by solid-state diffusion, forming a needle-like HA structure underneath the OCP film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enori Gemelli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Technological Science, State University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitario, Bairro Bom Retiro, 631, Joinville 89223-100, SC, Brazil.
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Abstract
Among various dental materials and their successful applications, a dental implant is a good example of the integrated system of science and technology involved in multiple disciplines including surface chemistry and physics, biomechanics, from macro-scale to nano-scale manufacturing technologies and surface engineering. As many other dental materials and devices, there are crucial requirements taken upon on dental implants systems, since surface of dental implants is directly in contact with vital hard/soft tissue and is subjected to chemical as well as mechanical bio-environments. Such requirements should, at least, include biological compatibility, mechanical compatibility, and morphological compatibility to surrounding vital tissues. In this review, based on carefully selected about 500 published articles, these requirements plus MRI compatibility are firstly reviewed, followed by surface texturing methods in details. Normally dental implants are placed to lost tooth/teeth location(s) in adult patients whose skeleton and bony growth have already completed. However, there are some controversial issues for placing dental implants in growing patients. This point has been, in most of dental articles, overlooked. This review, therefore, throws a deliberate sight on this point. Concluding this review, we are proposing a novel implant system that integrates materials science and up-dated surface technology to improve dental implant systems exhibiting bio- and mechano-functionalities.
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Chen ZX, Takao Y, Wang WX, Matsubara T, Ren LM. Surface characteristics and in vitro biocompatibility of titanium anodized in a phosphoric acid solution at different voltages. Biomed Mater 2010; 4:065003. [PMID: 19880985 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/6/065003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The surface of commercially pure titanium was modified by anodization treatment in a phosphoric acid solution at different voltages: 100 V, 200 V and 300 V. The surface characteristics of anodic TiO2 layers and their influence on the cell response were investigated. Micrographs by scanning electron microscopy revealed that the dense and uniform oxide layer obtained at 100 V exhibits a nanostructured surface which is similar to the surface of natural tooth cementum. In contrast, porous oxide layers without nanometer features were produced at higher voltages. Thin film x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the existence of anatase in the oxide layer obtained at 300 V, but not in oxide layers obtained at 100 V and 200 V. The in vitro biocompatibility study of oxide layers demonstrated greater cell adhesion and proliferation of the oxide layer obtained at 100 V compared to the other two kinds of oxide layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Chen
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga-koen 6-1, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
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Surface modification of Ti–Nb–Zr–Sn alloy by thermal and hydrothermal treatments. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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TAKAHASHI M, KIKUCHI M, HATORI K, ORII Y, SASAKI K, TAKADA Y. Calcium Phosphate Formation on Ti-Ag Alloys in Simulated Body Fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1299/jbse.4.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi TAKAHASHI
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Masafumi KIKUCHI
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Kouki HATORI
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yusuke ORII
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Keiichi SASAKI
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yukyo TAKADA
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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Effect of heat-treatment atmosphere on the bond strength of apatite layer on Ti substrate. Dent Mater 2008; 24:1549-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang XJ, Li YC, Lin JG, Yamada Y, Hodgson PD, Wen CE. In vitro bioactivity evaluation of titanium and niobium metals with different surface morphologies. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:1530-5. [PMID: 18485846 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current orthopaedic biomaterials research mainly focuses on designing implants that could induce controlled, guided and rapid healing. In the present study, the surface morphologies of titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) metals were tailored to form nanoporous, nanoplate and nanofibre-like structures through adjustment of the temperature in the alkali-heat treatment. The in vitro bioactivity of these structures was then evaluated by soaking the treated samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that the morphology of the modified surface significantly influenced the apatite-inducing ability. The Ti surface with a nanofibre-like structure showed better apatite-inducing ability than the nanoporous or nanoplate surface structures. A thick dense apatite layer formed on the Ti surface with nanofibre-like structure after 1 week of soaking in SBF. It is expected that the nanofibre-like surface could achieve good apatite formation in vivo and subsequently enhance osteoblast cell adhesion and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Wang
- Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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Zhang X, Li Z, Zhu XX. Biomimetic Mineralization Induced by Fibrils of Polymers Derived from a Bile Acid. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:2309-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800204t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Zhanyong Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China, and Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Raman V, Nagarajan S, Rajendran N. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic characterisation of passive film formed over β Ti–29Nb–13Ta–4.6Zr alloy. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Toworfe GK, Composto RJ, Shapiro IM, Ducheyne P. Nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate on amine-, carboxyl- and hydroxyl-silane self-assembled monolayers. Biomaterials 2005; 27:631-42. [PMID: 16081155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Upon implantation, calcium phosphate (Ca-P) surfaces form on materials that are bone bioactive. In this study, the evolving surface characteristics associated with calcium phosphate precipitation are modeled using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), in a one-step nucleation process. SAMs were used to create amine (-NH2), carboxyl (-COOH) and hydroxyl (-OH) functionalized surfaces by grafting 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride and glycidoxypropyl tri-methoxysilane, respectively, onto oxidized silicon wafers. The SAM surfaces were characterized using ellipsometry to establish the presence of grafted molecules. On the surfaces incubated in simulated physiological fluids for 7 days, the thickness of Ca-P layer grew slowly over the first few hours, increasing strongly between 1 and 5 days and then slowed down again. FTIR showed the dependence of calcium phosphate morphology on the type of surface groups, with stronger P-O bands seen on the OH-terminated surface. SEM analysis showed dispersed Ca-P precipitates on the -COOH and -OH terminated surfaces after 1 day immersion. After 7 days, all SAM surfaces were covered with uniformly dispersed and denser Ca-P precipitates. The underlying Ca-P layer showed cracks on the -NH2-terminated surface. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) data analysis confirmed that Ca/P ratio is in excellent agreement with the theoretical value of 1.67 for hydroxyapatite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also showed evidence of apatite formation on all the surfaces, with stronger evidence on the -OH-terminated surface. Highly porous Ca-P precipitates were observed on the SAM surfaces portrayed by the AFM scans with nanoscale RMS roughness. Thus, using highly controlled surface chemistry, under physiological conditions, in vitro, this study demonstrates that a hydroxylated surface enhances Ca-P nucleation and growth relative to other surfaces, thereby supporting the concept of its beneficial effect on bone tissue formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Toworfe
- Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, 120 Hayden Hall, 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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