1
|
Kasper M, Cydis M, Afridi A, Smadi BM, Li Y, Charlier A, Barnes BE, Hohn J, Cline MJ, Carver W, Matthews M, Savin D, Rinaldi-Ramos CM, Schmidt CE. Development of a bioactive tunable hyaluronic-protein bioconjugate hydrogel for tissue regenerative applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7663-7674. [PMID: 37458393 PMCID: PMC10528782 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02766f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Every year, there are approximately 500 000 peripheral nerve injury (PNI) procedures due to trauma in the US alone. Autologous and acellular nerve grafts are among current clinical repair options; however, they are limited largely by the high costs associated with donor nerve tissue harvesting and implant processing, respectively. Therefore, there is a clinical need for an off-the-shelf nerve graft that can recapitulate the native microenvironment of the nerve. In our previous work, we created a hydrogel scaffold that incorporates mechanical and biological cues that mimic the peripheral nerve microenvironment using chemically modified hyaluronic acid (HA). However, with our previous work, the degradation profile and cell adhesivity was not ideal for tissue regeneration, in particular, peripheral nerve regeneration. To improve our previous hydrogel, HA was conjugated with fibrinogen using Michael-addition to assist in cell adhesion and hydrogel degradability. The addition of the fibrinogen linker was found to contribute to faster scaffold degradation via active enzymatic breakdown, compared to HA alone. Additionally, cell count and metabolic activity was significantly higher on HA conjugated fibrinogen compared previous hydrogel formulations. This manuscript discusses the various techniques deployed to characterize our new modified HA fibrinogen chemistry physically, mechanically, and biologically. This work addresses the aforementioned concerns by incorporating controllable degradability and increased cell adhesivity while maintaining incorporation of hyaluronic acid, paving the pathway for use in a variety of applications as a multi-purpose tissue engineering platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kasper
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Madison Cydis
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Abdullah Afridi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Bassam M Smadi
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Yuan Li
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Alban Charlier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Brooke E Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Julia Hohn
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Michael J Cline
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Wayne Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Michael Matthews
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Daniel Savin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Carlos M Rinaldi-Ramos
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Recent Developments in Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020280. [PMID: 36830649 PMCID: PMC9953003 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are being investigated for their application in inducing the regeneration of various tissues, and suitable conditions for each tissue are becoming more apparent. Conditions such as the mechanical properties, degradation period, degradation mechanism, and cell affinity can be tailored by changing the molecular structure, especially in the case of polymers. Furthermore, many high-functional hydrogels with drug delivery systems (DDSs), in which drugs or bioactive substances are contained in controlled hydrogels, have been reported. This review focuses on the molecular design and function of biopolymer-based hydrogels and introduces recent developments in functional hydrogels for clinical applications.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lopes SV, Collins MN, Reis RL, Oliveira JM, Silva-Correia J. Vascularization Approaches in Tissue Engineering: Recent Developments on Evaluation Tests and Modulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2941-2956. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia V. Lopes
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maurice N. Collins
- Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B’s Research Group, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s − PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A perfusable, multifunctional epicardial device improves cardiac function and tissue repair. Nat Med 2021; 27:480-490. [PMID: 33723455 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in technologies for cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI), new integrated therapeutic approaches still need to be developed. In this study, we designed a perfusable, multifunctional epicardial device (PerMed) consisting of a biodegradable elastic patch (BEP), permeable hierarchical microchannel networks (PHMs) and a system to enable delivery of therapeutic agents from a subcutaneously implanted pump. After its implantation into the epicardium, the BEP is designed to provide mechanical cues for ventricular remodeling, and the PHMs are designed to facilitate angiogenesis and allow for infiltration of reparative cells. In a rat model of MI, implantation of the PerMed improved ventricular function. When connected to a pump, the PerMed enabled targeted, sustained and stable release of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, amplifying the efficacy of cardiac repair as compared to the device without a pump. We also demonstrated the feasibility of minimally invasive surgical PerMed implantation in pigs, demonstrating its promise for clinical translation to treat heart disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu C, Okpokwasili C, Huang Y, Shi X, Wu J, Liao J, Tang L, Hong Y. Optimizing Anisotropic Polyurethane Scaffolds to Mechanically Match with Native Myocardium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2757-2769. [PMID: 33313394 PMCID: PMC7725265 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable cardiac patch is desirable to possess mechanical properties mimicking native myocardium for heart infarction treatment. We fabricated a series of anisotropic and biodegradable polyurethane porous scaffolds via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and tailored their mechanical properties by using various polyurethanes with different soft segments and varying polymer concentrations. The uniaxial mechanical properties, suture retention strength, ball-burst strength, and biaxial mechanical properties of the anisotropic porous scaffolds were optimized to mechanically match native myocardium. The optimal anisotropic scaffold had a ball burst strength (20.7 ± 1.5 N) comparable to that of native porcine myocardium (20.4 ± 6.0 N) and showed anisotropic behavior close to biaxial stretching behavior of the native porcine myocardium. Furthermore, the optimized porous scaffold was combined with a porcine myocardium-derived hydrogel to form a biohybrid scaffold. The biohybrid scaffold showed morphologies similar to the decellularized porcine myocardial matrix. This combination did not affect the mechanical properties of the synthetic scaffold alone. After in vivo rat subcutaneous implantation, the biohybrid scaffolds showed minimal immune response and exhibited higher cell penetration than the polyurethane scaffold alone. This biohybrid scaffold with biomimetic mechanics and good tissue compatibility would have great potential to be applied as a biodegradable acellular cardiac patch for myocardial infarction treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chuka Okpokwasili
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yihui Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaodan Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shpichka A, Osipova D, Efremov Y, Bikmulina P, Kosheleva N, Lipina M, Bezrukov EA, Sukhanov RB, Solovieva AB, Vosough M, Timashev P. Fibrin-based Bioinks: New Tricks from an Old Dog. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:269. [PMID: 33088984 PMCID: PMC7557349 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For the past 10 years, the main efforts of most bioprinting research teams have focused on creating new bioink formulations, rather than inventing new printing set-up concepts. New tissue-specific bioinks with good printability, shape fidelity, and biocompatibility are based on "old" (well-known) biomaterials, particularly fibrin. While the interest in fibrin-based bioinks is constantly growing, it is essential to provide a framework of material's properties and trends. This review aims to describe the fibrin properties and application in three-dimensional bioprinting and provide a view on further development of fibrin-based bioinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Shpichka
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Osipova
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Efremov
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Bikmulina
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Pathophysiology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Embryology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Lipina
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Bezrukov
- Department of Urology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman B Sukhanov
- Department of Urology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna B Solovieva
- Department of Polymers and Composites, NN Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Timashev
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Polymers and Composites, NN Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Photon Technologies, Federal Research Center Crystallography and Photonics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He YJ, Santana MF, Moucka M, Quirk J, Shuaibi A, Pimentel MB, Grossman S, Rashid MM, Cinar A, Georgiadis JG, Vaicik M, Kawaji K, Venerus DC, Papavasiliou G. Immobilized RGD concentration and proteolytic degradation synergistically enhance vascular sprouting within hydrogel scaffolds of varying modulus. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:324-349. [PMID: 31774730 PMCID: PMC7185153 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1692640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient vascularization limits the volume and complexity of engineered tissue. The formation of new blood vessels (neovascularization) is regulated by a complex interplay of cellular interactions with biochemical and biophysical signals provided by the extracellular matrix (ECM) necessitating the development of biomaterial approaches that enable systematic modulation in matrix properties. To address this need poly(ethylene) glycol-based hydrogel scaffolds were engineered with a range of decoupled and combined variations in integrin-binding peptide (RGD) ligand concentration, elastic modulus and proteolytic degradation rate using free-radical polymerization chemistry. The modularity of this system enabled a full factorial experimental design to simultaneously investigate the individual and interaction effects of these matrix cues on vascular sprout formation in 3 D culture. Enhancements in scaffold proteolytic degradation rate promoted significant increases in vascular sprout length and junction number while increases in modulus significantly and negatively impacted vascular sprouting. We also observed that individual variations in immobilized RGD concentration did not significantly impact 3 D vascular sprouting. Our findings revealed a previously unidentified and optimized combination whereby increases in both immobilized RGD concentration and proteolytic degradation rate resulted in significant and synergistic enhancements in 3 D vascular spouting. The above-mentioned findings would have been challenging to uncover using one-factor-at-time experimental analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng J. He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Martin F. Santana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Madison Moucka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jack Quirk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Asma Shuaibi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Marja B. Pimentel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Sophie Grossman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Mudassir M. Rashid
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Ali Cinar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
- Department Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - John G. Georgiadis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Marcella Vaicik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - Keigo Kawaji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| | - David C. Venerus
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ
| | - Georgia Papavasiliou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Loureiro J, Torres AL, Neto T, Aguiar P, Barrias CC, Pinto MT, Amaral IF. Conjugation of the T1 sequence from CCN1 to fibrin hydrogels for therapeutic vascularization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109847. [PMID: 31500049 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel matrices with angiogenic properties are much desirable for therapeutic vascularization strategies, namely to provide vascular supply to ischemic areas, transplanted cells, or bioengineered tissues. Here we report the pro-angiogenic effect of fibrin (Fb) functionalization with the T1 sequence from the angiogenic inducer CCN1, forseeing its use in the injured brain and spinal cord. Fibrin functionalization with 40 μM of T1 peptide effectively improved cellular sprouting of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) in the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), without impacting the viscoelastic properties of Fb, cell viability, or proliferation. The pro-angiogenic effect of immobilized T1 was potentiated in the presence of VEGF and partially mediated through α6β1 integrin. The tethering of T1 also enhanced sprouting of human cord blood-derived outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC). Still, to elicit such effect, a higher input T1 concentration was required (60 μM), in line with the lower protein levels of α6 and β1 integrin subunits found in OEC comparing to hCMEC/D3, prior to embedment in Fb gel. Finally, the ability of T1-functionalized Fb in inducing cappilary invasion in vivo was assessed using the CAM assay, which evidenced a significant increase in the number of newly formed vessels at sites of implantation of T1-functionalized Fb, in the absence of soluble angiogenic factors. Overall these results demonstrate the potential of T1 peptide-presenting gels for use in therapeutic vascularization approaches. Considering T1 neurite-extension promoting capability and pro-angiogenic properties, T1-functionalized Fb hydrogels are particularly promising for application in the injured central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Loureiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (UPorto), Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, UPorto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, UPorto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, UPorto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Torres
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (UPorto), Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, UPorto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, UPorto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Neto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (UPorto), Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, UPorto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, UPorto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, UPorto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (UPorto), Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, UPorto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Carvalho Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (UPorto), Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, UPorto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, UPorto, Portugal
| | - Marta Teixeira Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (UPorto), Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, UPorto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Freitas Amaral
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto (UPorto), Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, UPorto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, UPorto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crosby CO, Zoldan J. Mimicking the physical cues of the ECM in angiogenic biomaterials. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:61-73. [PMID: 30967961 PMCID: PMC6447000 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional microvascular system is imperative to build and maintain healthy tissue. Impaired microvasculature results in ischemia, thereby limiting the tissue's intrinsic regeneration capacity. Therefore, the ability to regenerate microvascular networks is key to the development of effective cardiovascular therapies. To stimulate the formation of new microvasculature, researchers have focused on fabricating materials that mimic the angiogenic properties of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we will review biomaterials that seek to imitate the physical cues that are natively provided by the ECM to encourage the formation of microvasculature in engineered constructs and ischemic tissue in the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody O Crosby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Janet Zoldan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khodabukus A, Prabhu N, Wang J, Bursac N. In Vitro Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Models for Studying Muscle Physiology and Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701498. [PMID: 29696831 PMCID: PMC6105407 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Healthy skeletal muscle possesses the extraordinary ability to regenerate in response to small-scale injuries; however, this self-repair capacity becomes overwhelmed with aging, genetic myopathies, and large muscle loss. The failure of small animal models to accurately replicate human muscle disease, injury and to predict clinically-relevant drug responses has driven the development of high fidelity in vitro skeletal muscle models. Herein, the progress made and challenges ahead in engineering biomimetic human skeletal muscle tissues that can recapitulate muscle development, genetic diseases, regeneration, and drug response is discussed. Bioengineering approaches used to improve engineered muscle structure and function as well as the functionality of satellite cells to allow modeling muscle regeneration in vitro are also highlighted. Next, a historical overview on the generation of skeletal muscle cells and tissues from human pluripotent stem cells, and a discussion on the potential of these approaches to model and treat genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is provided. Finally, the need to integrate multiorgan microphysiological systems to generate improved drug discovery technologies with the potential to complement or supersede current preclinical animal models of muscle disease is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Neel Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang JD, Lampe KJ. From de novo peptides to native proteins: advancements in biomaterial scaffolds for acute ischemic stroke repair. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:034103. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaa4c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
Sprouting angiogenesis induces significant mechanical heterogeneities and ECM stiffening across length scales in fibrin hydrogels. Biomaterials 2018; 162:99-108. [PMID: 29438884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix stiffness is a well-established instructive cue in two-dimensional cell cultures. Its roles in morphogenesis in 3-dimensional (3D) cultures, and the converse effects of cells on the mechanics of their surrounding microenvironment, have been more elusive given the absence of suitable methods to quantify stiffness on a length-scale relevant for individual cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. In this study, we applied traditional bulk rheology and laser tweezers-based active microrheology to probe mechanics across length scales during the complex multicellular process of capillary morphogenesis in 3D, and further characterized the relative contributions of neovessels and supportive stromal cells to dynamic changes in stiffness over time. Our data show local ECM stiffness was highly heterogeneous around sprouting capillaries, and the variation progressively increased with time. Both endothelial cells and stromal support cells progressively stiffened the ECM, with the changes in bulk properties dominated by the latter. Interestingly, regions with high micro-stiffness did not necessarily correlate with remodeled regions of high ECM density as shown by confocal reflectance microscopy. Collectively, these findings, especially the large spatiotemporal variations in local stiffness around cells during morphogenesis in soft 3D fibrin gels, underscore that characterizing ECM mechanics across length scales. provides an opportunity to attain a deeper mechanobiological understanding of the microenvironment's roles in cell fate and tissue patterning.
Collapse
|
13
|
Stem cells and injectable hydrogels: Synergistic therapeutics in myocardial repair. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:362-379. [PMID: 26976812 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the major problems in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is the inability of myocardium to self-regenerate. Current therapies are unable to restore the heart's function after myocardial infarction. Myocardial tissue engineering is potentially a key approach to regenerate damaged heart muscle. Myocardial patches are applied surgically, whereas injectable hydrogels provide effective minimally invasive approaches to recover functional myocardium. These hydrogels are easily administered and can be either cell free or loaded with bioactive agents and/or cardiac stem cells, which may apply paracrine effects. The aim of this review is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of injectable stem cell-laden hydrogels and highlight their potential applications for myocardium repair.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lesman A, Rosenfeld D, Landau S, Levenberg S. Mechanical regulation of vascular network formation in engineered matrices. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016. [PMID: 26212159 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Generation of vessel networks within engineered tissues is critical for integration and perfusion of the implanted tissue in vivo. The effect of mechanical cues in guiding and stabilizing the vessels has begun to attract marked interest. This review surveys the impact of mechanical cues on formation of vascular networks in 2D and 3D gel matrices. We give less emphasis to regulation of endothelial monolayers and single endothelial cells. Several vascularization models have consistently found that the stress generated in the gel, and encountered by embedded cells, control various aspects of vascular network formation, including sprouting, branching, alignment, and vessel maturation. This internal stress is generated by cell contractile forces, and is balanced by gel stiffness and boundary constrains imposed on the gel. Actin and myosin II are key molecular players in controlling initiation of vessel sprouting and branching morphogenesis. Additionally, the impact of external mechanical cues on tissue vascularization, and studies supporting the notion that mechanical forces regulate vascularization in the live animal are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Lesman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dekel Rosenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Shira Landau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Carvalho E, Verma P, Hourigan K, Banerjee R. Myocardial infarction: stem cell transplantation for cardiac regeneration. Regen Med 2015; 10:1025-43. [PMID: 26563414 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that by 2030, almost 23.6 million people will perish from cardiovascular disease, according to the WHO. The review discusses advances in stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction, including cell sources, methods of differentiation, expansion selection and their route of delivery. Skeletal muscle cells, hematopoietic cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs)-derived cardiomyocytes have advanced to the clinical stage, while induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) are yet to be considered clinically. Delivery of cells to the sites of injury and their subsequent retention is a major issue. The development of supportive scaffold matrices to facilitate stem cell retention and differentiation are analyzed. The review outlines clinical translation of conjugate stem cell-based cellular therapeutics post-myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Carvalho
- IITB Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Paul Verma
- Turretfield Research Centre, South Australian Research & Development Institute (SARDI), SA, Australia.,Stem Cells & Reprogramming Group, Monash University, Australia
| | - Kerry Hourigan
- FLAIR/Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering & Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Australia
| | - Rinti Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mehdizadeh H, Bayrak ES, Lu C, Somo SI, Akar B, Brey EM, Cinar A. Agent-based modeling of porous scaffold degradation and vascularization: Optimal scaffold design based on architecture and degradation dynamics. Acta Biomater 2015; 27:167-178. [PMID: 26363375 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A multi-layer agent-based model (ABM) of biomaterial scaffold vascularization is extended to consider the effects of scaffold degradation kinetics on blood vessel formation. A degradation model describing the bulk disintegration of porous hydrogels is incorporated into the ABM. The combined degradation-angiogenesis model is used to investigate growing blood vessel networks in the presence of a degradable scaffold structure. Simulation results indicate that higher porosity, larger mean pore size, and rapid degradation allow faster vascularization when not considering the structural support of the scaffold. However, premature loss of structural support results in failure for the material. A strategy using multi-layer scaffold with different degradation rates in each layer was investigated as a way to address this issue. Vascularization was improved with the multi-layered scaffold model compared to the single-layer model. The ABM developed provides insight into the characteristics that influence the selection of optimal geometric parameters and degradation behavior of scaffolds, and enables easy refinement of the model as new knowledge about the underlying biological phenomena becomes available. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This paper proposes a multi-layer agent-based model (ABM) of biomaterial scaffold vascularization integrated with a structural-kinetic model describing bulk degradation of porous hydrogels to consider the effects of scaffold degradation kinetics on blood vessel formation. This enables the assessment of scaffold characteristics and in particular the disintegration characteristics of the scaffold on angiogenesis. Simulation results indicate that higher porosity, larger mean pore size, and rapid degradation allow faster vascularization when not considering the structural support of the scaffold. However, premature loss of structural support by scaffold disintegration results in failure of the material and disruption of angiogenesis. A strategy using multi-layer scaffold with different degradation rates in each layer was investigated as away to address this issue. Vascularization was improved with the multi-layered scaffold model compared to the single-layer model. The ABM developed provides insight into the characteristics that influence the selection of optimal geometric and degradation characteristics of tissue engineering scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Mehdizadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 33rd St, Suite 127, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Elif S Bayrak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 33rd St, Suite 127, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Chenlin Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 33rd St, Suite 127, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Sami I Somo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Suite 314, 3255 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Banu Akar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Suite 314, 3255 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Suite 314, 3255 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Ali Cinar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W 33rd St, Suite 127, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Suite 314, 3255 S Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Using bimodal MRI/fluorescence imaging to identify host angiogenic response to implants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5147-52. [PMID: 25825771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502232112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies that promote angiogenesis have been successfully applied using various combinations of proangiogenic factors together with a biodegradable delivery vehicle. In this study we used bimodal noninvasive monitoring to show that the host response to a proangiogenic biomaterial can be drastically affected by the mode of implantation and the surface area-to-volume ratio of the implant material. Fluorescence/MRI probes were covalently conjugated to VEGF-bearing biodegradable PEG-fibrinogen hydrogel implants and used to document the in vivo degradation and liberation of bioactive constituents in an s.c. rat implantation model. The hydrogel biodegradation and angiogenic host response with three types of VEGF-bearing implant configurations were compared: preformed cylindrical plugs, preformed injectable microbeads, and hydrogel precursor, injected and polymerized in situ. Although all three were made with identical amounts of precursor constituents, the MRI data revealed that in situ polymerized hydrogels were fully degraded within 2 wk; microbead degradation was more moderate, and plugs degraded significantly more slowly than the other configurations. The presence of hydrogel degradation products containing the fluorescent label in the surrounding tissues revealed a distinct biphasic release profile for each type of implant configuration. The purported in vivo VEGF release profile from the microbeads resulted in highly vascularized s.c. tissue containing up to 16-fold more capillaries in comparison with controls. These findings demonstrate that the configuration of an implant can play an important role not only in the degradation and resorption properties of the materials, but also in consequent host angiogenic response.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jansen KA, Bacabac RG, Piechocka IK, Koenderink GH. Cells actively stiffen fibrin networks by generating contractile stress. Biophys J 2014; 105:2240-51. [PMID: 24268136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During wound healing and angiogenesis, fibrin serves as a provisional extracellular matrix. We use a model system of fibroblasts embedded in fibrin gels to study how cell-mediated contraction may influence the macroscopic mechanical properties of their extracellular matrix during such processes. We demonstrate by macroscopic shear rheology that the cells increase the elastic modulus of the fibrin gels. Microscopy observations show that this stiffening sets in when the cells spread and apply traction forces on the fibrin fibers. We further show that the stiffening response mimics the effect of an external stress applied by mechanical shear. We propose that stiffening is a consequence of active myosin-driven cell contraction, which provokes a nonlinear elastic response of the fibrin matrix. Cell-induced stiffening is limited to a factor 3 even though fibrin gels can in principle stiffen much more before breaking. We discuss this observation in light of recent models of fibrin gel elasticity, and conclude that the fibroblasts pull out floppy modes, such as thermal bending undulations, from the fibrin network, but do not axially stretch the fibers. Our findings are relevant for understanding the role of matrix contraction by cells during wound healing and cancer development, and may provide design parameters for materials to guide morphogenesis in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Jansen
- Biological Soft Matter Group, FOM Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Gamboa-Martínez TC, Luque-Guillén V, González-García C, Gómez Ribelles JL, Gallego-Ferrer G. Crosslinked fibrin gels for tissue engineering: Two approaches to improve their properties. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:614-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C. Gamboa-Martínez
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Victoria Luque-Guillén
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Cristina González-García
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez Ribelles
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Valencia Spain
| | - Gloria Gallego-Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de València; Camino de vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering; Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Valencia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Seliktar D, Dikovsky D, Napadensky E. Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
22
|
Whittington CF, Yoder MC, Voytik-Harbin SL. Collagen-polymer guidance of vessel network formation and stabilization by endothelial colony forming cells in vitro. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1135-49. [PMID: 23832790 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vessel morphogenesis is vital to regenerative medicine strategies. Here, collagen polymers, specified by intermolecular cross-link composition, are used to independently vary microstructure (fibril density, interfibril branching) and physical properties (stiffness) to guide 3D vessel network formation by endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) in vitro. Increasing stiffness, by modulation of fibril density or interfibril branching, increases vessel diameter, length and branching. Oligomer matrices also induce vessel stabilization via type IV collagen deposition. This work shows that ECFC vessel formation depends on the interplay of collagen microstructure and physical properties and names oligomers and intermolecular cross-links as key design parameters for vascular-inductive matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Whittington
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, 206 Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Ravichandran R, Venugopal JR, Sundarrajan S, Mukherjee S, Ramakrishna S. Minimally invasive cell-seeded biomaterial systems for injectable/epicardial implantation in ischemic heart disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5969-94. [PMID: 23271906 PMCID: PMC3526148 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s37575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by heart-wall thinning, myocyte slippage, and ventricular dilation. The injury to the heart-wall muscle after MI is permanent, as after an abundant cell loss the myocardial tissue lacks the intrinsic capability to regenerate. New therapeutics are required for functional improvement and regeneration of the infarcted myocardium, to overcome harmful diagnosis of patients with heart failure, and to overcome the shortage of heart donors. In the past few years, myocardial tissue engineering has emerged as a new and ambitious approach for treating MI. Several left ventricular assist devices and epicardial patches have been developed for MI. These devices and acellular/cellular cardiac patches are employed surgically and sutured to the epicardial surface of the heart, limiting the region of therapeutic benefit. An injectable system offers the potential benefit of minimally invasive release into the myocardium either to restore the injured extracellular matrix or to act as a scaffold for cell delivery. Furthermore, intramyocardial injection of biomaterials and cells has opened new opportunities to explore and also to augment the potentials of this technique to ease morbidity and mortality rates owing to heart failure. This review summarizes the growing body of literature in the field of myocardial tissue engineering, where biomaterial injection, with or without simultaneous cellular delivery, has been pursued to enhance functional and structural outcomes following MI. Additionally, this review also provides a complete outlook on the tissue-engineering therapies presently being used for myocardial regeneration, as well as some perceptivity into the possible issues that may hinder its progress in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Ravichandran
- Healthcare and Energy Materials Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Subramanian Sundarrajan
- Healthcare and Energy Materials Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shayanti Mukherjee
- Healthcare and Energy Materials Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Healthcare and Energy Materials Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Averett R, Menn B, Lee E, Helms C, Barker T, Guthold M. A modular fibrinogen model that captures the stress-strain behavior of fibrin fibers. Biophys J 2012; 103:1537-44. [PMID: 23062346 PMCID: PMC3471473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested what to our knowledge is a new computational model for fibrin fiber mechanical behavior. The model is composed of three distinct elements: the folded fibrinogen core as seen in the crystal structure, the unstructured α-C connector, and the partially folded α-C domain. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of all three regions and how they may contribute to fibrin fiber stress-strain behavior. Yet no molecular model has been computationally tested that takes into account the individual contributions of all these regions. Constant velocity, steered molecular dynamics studies at 0.025 Å/ps were conducted on the folded fibrinogen core and the α-C domain to determine their force-displacement behavior. A wormlike chain model with a persistence length of 0.8 nm (Kuhn length = 1.6 nm) was used to model the mechanical behavior of the unfolded α-C connector. The three components were combined to calculate the total stress-strain response, which was then compared to experimental data. The results show that the three-component model successfully captures the experimentally determined stress-strain behavior of fibrin fibers. The model evinces the key contribution of the α-C domains to fibrin fiber stress-strain behavior. However, conversion of the α-helical coiled coils to β-strands, and partial unfolding of the protein, may also contribute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D. Averett
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bryant Menn
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric H. Lee
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Christine C. Helms
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Barker
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Martin Guthold
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiang B, Waller TM, Larson JC, Appel AA, Brey EM. Fibrin-loaded porous poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels as scaffold materials for vascularized tissue formation. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:224-34. [PMID: 23003671 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular network formation within biomaterial scaffolds is essential for the generation of properly functioning engineered tissues. In this study, a method is described for generating composite hydrogels in which porous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels serve as scaffolds for mechanical and structural support, and fibrin is loaded within the pores to induce vascularized tissue formation. Porous PEG hydrogels were generated by a salt leaching technique with 100-150-μm pore size and thrombin (Tb) preloaded within the scaffold. Fibrinogen (Fg) was loaded into pores with varying concentrations and polymerized into fibrin due to the presence of Tb, with loading efficiencies ranging from 79.9% to 82.4%. Fibrin was distributed throughout the entire porous hydrogels, lasted for greater than 20 days, and increased hydrogel mechanical stiffness. A rodent subcutaneous implant model was used to evaluate the influence of fibrin loading on in vivo response. At weeks 1, 2, and 3, all hydrogels had significant tissue invasion, but no difference in the depth of invasion was found with the Fg concentration. Hydrogels with fibrin loading induced more vascularization, with a significantly higher vascular density at 20 mg/mL (week 1) and 40 mg/mL (weeks 2 and 3) Fg concentration compared to hydrogels without fibrin. In conclusion, we have developed a composite hydrogel that supports rapid vascularized tissue ingrowth, and thus holds great potential for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Lakshmanan R, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Living cardiac patch: the elixir for cardiac regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:1623-40. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.721770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
McEwan K, Padavan DT, Deng C, Vulesevic B, Kuraitis D, Korbutt GS, Suuronen EJ. Tunable collagen hydrogels are modified by the therapeutic agents they are designed to deliver. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 23:1467-83. [PMID: 21771391 DOI: 10.1163/092050611x584397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are increasingly being developed for biomedical applications due to their ability to be delivered in a minimally invasive manner. One potential use for such materials is in cell delivery for cardiac regeneration. While the materials' properties are often characterized, how these properties (and in particular gelation) are affected by the addition of the therapeutic agent(s) they are designed to deliver is often overlooked. The aim of this study was to examine the interactive effects between collagen-based hydrogels and different additives (cells and microspheres). The results demonstrated that the incorporation of either cells or microspheres to a collagen hydrogel decreased its gelation time and increased its viscosity. Increased concentrations of the EDC/NHS cross-linker resulted in greater loss of cell viability. However, it was found that this cell loss could be minimized by delivering cells with the cross-linker scavenger glycine. A better understanding of how materials and cells (and other additives) respond to each other will help towards the goal of improving scaffolds being developed for regenerative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly McEwan
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute , 40 Ruskin Street , Ottawa , ON , Canada , K1Y4W7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Kimura Y, Inamoto T, Tabata Y. Adipose Tissue Formation in Collagen Scaffolds with Different Biodegradabilities. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 21:463-76. [DOI: 10.1163/156856209x424396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kimura
- a Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Inamoto
- b Department of Breast Surgery, Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- c Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vallée JP, Hauwel M, Lepetit-Coiffé M, Bei W, Montet-Abou K, Meda P, Gardier S, Zammaretti P, Kraehenbuehl TP, Herrmann F, Hubbell JA, Jaconi ME. Embryonic stem cell-based cardiopatches improve cardiac function in infarcted rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012. [PMID: 23197784 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-seeded cardiopatches hold promise for in situ regeneration of infarcted hearts. Here, we describe a novel cardiopatch based on bone morphogenetic protein 2-primed cardiac-committed mouse embryonic stem cells, embedded into biodegradable fibrin matrices and engrafted onto infarcted rat hearts. For in vivo tracking of the engrafted cardiac-committed cells, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were magnetofected into the cells, thus enabling detection and functional evaluation by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Six weeks after transplantation into infarcted rat hearts, both local (p < .04) and global (p < .015) heart function, as well as the left ventricular dilation (p < .0011), were significantly improved (p < .001) as compared with hearts receiving cardiopatches loaded with iron nanoparticles alone. Histological analysis revealed that the fibrin scaffolds had degraded over time and clusters of myocyte enhancer factor 2-positive cardiac-committed cells had colonized most of the infarcted myocardium, including the fibrotic area. De novo CD31-positive blood vessels were formed in the vicinity of the transplanted cardiopatch. Altogether, our data provide evidence that stem cell-based cardiopatches represent a promising therapeutic strategy to achieve efficient cell implantation and improved global and regional cardiac function after myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Vallée
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Full-length L1CAM and not its Δ2Δ27 splice variant promotes metastasis through induction of gelatinase expression. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18989. [PMID: 21541352 PMCID: PMC3081839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour-specific splicing is known to contribute to cancer progression. In the case of the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), which is expressed in many human tumours and often linked to bad prognosis, alternative splicing results in a full-length form (FL-L1CAM) and a splice variant lacking exons 2 and 27 (SV-L1CAM). It has not been elucidated so far whether SV-L1CAM, classically considered as tumour-associated, or whether FL-L1CAM is the metastasis-promoting isoform. Here, we show that both variants were expressed in human ovarian carcinoma and that exposure of tumour cells to pro-metastatic factors led to an exclusive increase of FL-L1CAM expression. Selective overexpression of one isoform in different tumour cells revealed that only FL-L1CAM promoted experimental lung and/or liver metastasis in mice. In addition, metastasis formation upon up-regulation of FL-L1CAM correlated with increased invasive potential and elevated Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expression and activity in vitro as well as enhanced gelatinolytic activity in vivo. In conclusion, we identified FL-L1CAM as the metastasis-promoting isoform, thereby exemplifying that high expression of a so-called tumour-associated variant, here SV-L1CAM, is not per se equivalent to a decisive role of this isoform in tumour progression.
Collapse
|
34
|
Janis AD, Johnson CC, Ernst DM, Brightman AO. Structural characteristics of small intestinal submucosa constructs dictate in vivo incorporation and angiogenic response. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:1013-33. [PMID: 21273257 DOI: 10.1177/0885328210391688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rate of angiogenesis and cellular infiltration into degradable biomaterials determines scaffold persistence in vivo. The ability to tune the degradation properties of naturally derived biomaterials has been a popular goal in tissue engineering, yet has often depended on chemical crosslinking. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a naturally derived, collagen-based, bioactive scaffold that has broad clinical success in many therapeutic applications. Two methods for producing multilayer, non-crosslinked SIS constructs were compared in vitro and in vivo. Traditional and cryo SEM, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and a novel enzymatic degradation assay determined that lyophilization produced an open, porous scaffold, in contrast to the collapsed, denser structure of SIS constructs produced using a vacuum press process. The angiogenic responses to lyophilized and vacuum-pressed SIS constructs were evaluated in vivo using a subcutaneous implant assay in mice. Explanted samples were compared after 7 and 21 days using fluorescence microangiography and light microscopy. Capacity of the implant neovasculature was also determined. These experiments revealed that the lyophilized SIS was infiltrated and vascularized more rapidly than the vacuum pressed. These data demonstrate the tunable incorporation of a non-crosslinked ECM-based biomaterial, which may have implications for the persistence of this degradable scaffold in tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yan C, Pochan DJ. Rheological properties of peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical and other applications. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3528-40. [PMID: 20422104 PMCID: PMC3104857 DOI: 10.1039/b919449p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials finding use in food industry and potential use in tissue engineering, drug delivery and microfluidics. A primary experimental method to explore the physical properties of these hydrogels is rheology. A fundamental understanding of peptide hydrogel mechanical properties and underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for determining whether these biomaterials are potentially suitable for biotechnological uses. In this critical review, we cover the literature containing rheological characterization of the physical properties of peptide and polypeptide-based hydrogels including hydrogel bulk mechanical properties, gelation mechanisms, and the behavior of hydrogels during and after flow (219 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congqi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Institute of Biotechnology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Institute of Biotechnology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bailey JL, Critser PJ, Whittington C, Kuske JL, Yoder MC, Voytik-Harbin SL. Collagen oligomers modulate physical and biological properties of three-dimensional self-assembled matrices. Biopolymers 2010; 95:77-93. [PMID: 20740490 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of mechanisms underlying collagen fibril assembly and matrix-induced guidance of cell fate will contribute to the design and expanded use of this biopolymer for research and clinical applications. Here, we define how Type I collagen oligomers affect in-vitro polymerization kinetics as well as fibril microstructure and mechanical properties of formed matrices. Monomers and oligomers were fractionated from acid-solubilized pig skin collagen and used to generate formulations varying in monomer/oligomer content or average polymer molecular weight (AMW). Polymerization half-times decreased with increasing collagen AMW and closely paralleled lag times, indicating that oligomers effectively served as nucleation sites. Furthermore, increasing AMW yielded matrices with increased interfibril branching and had no correlative effect on fibril density or diameter. These microstructure changes increased the stiffness of matrices as evidenced by increases in both shear storage and compressive moduli. Finally, the biological relevance of modulating collagen AMW was evidenced by the ability of cultured endothelial colony forming cells to sense associated changes in matrix physical properties and alter vacuole and capillary-like network formation. This work documents the importance of oligomers as another physiologically-relevant design parameter for development and standardization of polymerizable collagen formulations to be used for cell culture, regenerative medicine, and engineered tissue applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Bailey
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Murtuza B, Nichol JW, Khademhosseini A. Micro- and nanoscale control of the cardiac stem cell niche for tissue fabrication. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 15:443-54. [PMID: 19552604 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell (SC) biology have greatly enhanced our understanding of SC self-renewal and differentiation. Both embryonic and adult SCs can be differentiated into a great variety of tissue cell types, including cardiac myocytes. In vivo studies and clinical trials, however, have demonstrated major limitations in reconstituting the myocardium in failing hearts. These limitations include precise control of SC proliferation, survival and phenotype both prior and subsequent to transplantation and avoidance of serious adverse effects such as tumorigenesis and arrhythmias. Micro- and nanoscale techniques to recreate SC niches, the natural environment for the maintenance and regulation of SCs, have enabled the elucidation of novel SC behaviors and offer great promise in the fabrication of cardiac tissue constructs. The ability to precisely manipulate the interface between biopolymeric scaffolds and SCs at in vivo scale resolutions is unique to micro- and nanoscale approaches and may help overcome limitations of conventional biological scaffolds and methods for cell delivery. We now know that micro- and nanoscale manipulation of scaffold composition, mechanical properties, and three-dimensional architecture have profound influences on SC fate and will likely prove important in developing the next generation of "transplantable SC niches" for regeneration of heart and other tissues. In this review, we examine two key aspects of micro- and nanofabricated SC-based cardiac tissue constructs: the role of scaffold composition and the role of scaffold architecture and detail how recent work in these areas brings us closer to clinical solutions for cardiovascular regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bari Murtuza
- 1 Circulation Sciences and Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College , London, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marklein RA, Burdick JA. Controlling stem cell fate with material design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:175-89. [PMID: 20217683 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200901055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of stem cell interactions with their environment are leading to the development of new materials-based approaches to control stem cell behavior toward cellular culture and tissue regeneration applications. Materials can provide cues based on chemistry, mechanics, structure, and molecule delivery that control stem cell fate decisions and matrix formation. These approaches are helping to advance clinical translation of a range of stem cell types through better expansion techniques and scaffolding for use in tissue engineering approaches for the regeneration of many tissues. With this in mind, this progress report covers basic concepts and recent advances in the use of materials for manipulating stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Marklein
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Micro- and nanotechnologies for intelligent and responsive biomaterial-based medical systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1391-401. [PMID: 19758574 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in medical treatments of a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions require the development of better therapeutic agents, as well as a combination of the required therapeutic agents with device-integrated biomaterials that can serve as sensors and carriers. Combination of micro- and nano-fabricated systems with intelligent biomaterials that have the ability to sense and respond is a promising avenue for the development of better diagnostic and therapeutic medical systems. Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMs and NEMs) are now becoming a family of potentially powerful new technologies for drug delivery, diagnostic tools, and tissue engineering. Improvements in micro- and nano-fabrication technologies have enhanced the ability to create better performing therapeutic systems for numerous pathophysiological applications. More importantly, MEMS- and NEMS-based tissue regeneration scaffolds, biosensors, and drug delivery devices provide new opportunities to mimic the natural intelligence and response of biological systems.
Collapse
|
40
|
Lühmann T, Hänseler P, Grant B, Hall H. The induction of cell alignment by covalently immobilized gradients of the 6th Ig-like domain of cell adhesion molecule L1 in 3D-fibrin matrices. Biomaterials 2009; 30:4503-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
41
|
Cell Guidance by 3D-Gradients in Hydrogel Matrices: Importance for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5445751 DOI: 10.3390/ma2031058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Concentration gradients of soluble and matrix-bound guidance cues in the extracellular matrix direct cell growth in native tissues and are of great interest for design of biomedical scaffolds and on implant surfaces. The focus of this review is to demonstrate the importance of gradient guidance for cells as it would be desirable to direct cell growth onto/into biomedical devices. Many studies have been described that illustrate the production and characterization of surface gradients, but three dimensional (3D)-gradients that direct cellular behavior are not well investigated. Hydrogels are considered as synthetic replacements for native extracellular matrices as they share key functions such as 2D- or 3D-solid support, fibrous structure, gas- and nutrition permeability and allow storage and release of biologically active molecules. Therefore this review focuses on current studies that try to implement soluble or covalently-attached gradients of growth factors, cytokines or adhesion sequences into 3D-hydrogel matrices in order to control cell growth, orientation and migration towards a target. Such gradient architectures are especially desirable for wound healing purposes, where defined cell populations need to be recruited from the blood stream and out of the adjacent tissue, in critical bone defects, for vascular implants or neuronal guidance structures where defined cell populations should be guided by appropriate signals to reach their proper positions or target tissues in order to accomplish functional repair.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ahmed TAE, Dare EV, Hincke M. Fibrin: a versatile scaffold for tissue engineering applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2009; 14:199-215. [PMID: 18544016 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2007.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering combines cell and molecular biology with materials and mechanical engineering to replace damaged or diseased organs and tissues. Fibrin is a critical blood component responsible for hemostasis, which has been used extensively as a biopolymer scaffold in tissue engineering. In this review we summarize the latest developments in organ and tissue regeneration using fibrin as the scaffold material. Commercially available fibrinogen and thrombin are combined to form a fibrin hydrogel. The incorporation of bioactive peptides and growth factors via a heparin-binding delivery system improves the functionality of fibrin as a scaffold. New technologies such as inkjet printing and magnetically influenced self-assembly can alter the geometry of the fibrin structure into appropriate and predictable forms. Fibrin can be prepared from autologous plasma, and is available as glue or as engineered microbeads. Fibrin alone or in combination with other materials has been used as a biological scaffold for stem or primary cells to regenerate adipose tissue, bone, cardiac tissue, cartilage, liver, nervous tissue, ocular tissue, skin, tendons, and ligaments. Thus, fibrin is a versatile biopolymer, which shows a great potential in tissue regeneration and wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A E Ahmed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kniazeva E, Putnam AJ. Endothelial cell traction and ECM density influence both capillary morphogenesis and maintenance in 3-D. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C179-87. [PMID: 19439531 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00018.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms regulating angiogenesis in pathological conditions such as cancer and heart disease is crucial to develop successful therapies. The dependence of angiogenesis on characteristic properties of these conditions, such as alterations in tissue stiffness due to changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), may shed light on potential therapeutic strategies. Prior studies have suggested that ECM compliance regulates capillary morphogenesis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that ECM density, which influences substrate mechanics, may regulate angiogenesis via a mechanism involving actin-mediated cell-generated forces. To investigate this hypothesis, we utilized an in vitro model of angiogenesis in which endothelial cells coated on microcarrier beads are distributed within a three-dimensional (3-D) fibrin ECM. A monolayer of fibroblasts, which provides pro-angiogenic factors, is cultured on top of the gel. Variations in fibrin gel density, along with a library of pharmacological agents that inhibit forces generated by the actin cytoskeleton, were used to prove the necessity of cell-generated tractional forces in blood vessel formation. Our data demonstrate that cell-generated forces not only play a crucial role in the early sprouting stages of capillary morphogenesis but are also required in the later maintenance stages, and thereby suggest a broader interdependence among tissue stiffness, cell contractile forces, and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kniazeva
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sieminski AL, Semino CE, Gong H, Kamm RD. Primary sequence of ionic self-assembling peptide gels affects endothelial cell adhesion and capillary morphogenesis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 87:494-504. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
45
|
Ghajar CM, George SC, Putnam AJ. Matrix metalloproteinase control of capillary morphogenesis. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2008; 18:251-78. [PMID: 18540825 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v18.i3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play crucial roles in a variety of normal (e.g., blood vessel formation, bone development) and pathophysiological (e.g., wound healing, cancer) processes. This is not only due to their ability to degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), but also because MMPs function to reveal cryptic matrix binding sites, release matrix-bound growth factors inherent to these processes, and activate a variety of cell surface molecules. The process of blood vessel formation, in particular, is regulated by what is widely classified as the angiogenic switch: a mixture of both pro- and antiangiogenic factors that function to counteract each other unless the stimuli from one side exceeds the other to disrupt the quiescent state. Although it was initially thought that MMPs were strictly proangiogenic, new functions for this proteolytic family, such as mediating vascular regression and generating matrix fragments with antiangiogenic capacities, have been discovered in the last decade. These findings cast MMPs as multifaceted pro- and antiangiogenic effectors. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the general structure and characterization of the MMP family and to discuss the temporal and spatial regulation of their gene expression and enzymatic activity in the following crucial steps associated with angiogenesis: degradation of the vascular basement membrane, proliferation and invasion of endothelial cells within the subjacent ECM, organization into immature tubules, maturation of these nascent vessels, and the pruning and regression of the vascular network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus M Ghajar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chow D, Nunalee ML, Lim DW, Simnick AJ, Chilkoti A. Peptide-based Biopolymers in Biomedicine and Biotechnology. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2008; 62:125-155. [PMID: 19122836 PMCID: PMC2575411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are emerging as a new class of biomaterials due to their unique chemical, physical, and biological properties. The development of peptide-based biomaterials is driven by the convergence of protein engineering and macromolecular self-assembly. This review covers the basic principles, applications, and prospects of peptide-based biomaterials. We focus on both chemically synthesized and genetically encoded peptides, including poly-amino acids, elastin-like polypeptides, silk-like polymers and other biopolymers based on repetitive peptide motifs. Applications of these engineered biomolecules in protein purification, controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosurface engineering are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Michelle L. Nunalee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Dong Woo Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Andrew J. Simnick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The means by which extracellular matrix density regulates three-dimensional capillary morphogenesis is unclear. To study this phenomenon, we utilized a fibrin-based in vitro assay in which a fibroblast monolayer is plated atop a fibrin gel approximately 2.5 mm away from endothelial cell-coated beads within the matrix. Increasing fibrin density from 2.5 to 10 mg/ml resulted in a threefold reduction in capillary network formation. However, distributing fibroblasts throughout the matrix completely eliminated this inhibitory effect, resulting in robustly vascularized matrices suitable for in vivo applications, as functional anastomoses formed between the implanted tissues and host vasculature when implanted into immune-compromised mice. Dense matrices did not stimulate fibroblast-mediated matrix remodeling: differentiation into myofibroblasts, matrix production, and protease secretion were not enhanced by the dense condition. Instead, quantifying diffusivity of FITC-dextran (molecular mass 10, 40, 70, and 150 kDa) through fibrin revealed a two- to threefold decrease within the 10 mg/ml matrices. Thus, distributing a proangiogenic source (fibroblasts) throughout the matrix stimulates capillary network formation by overcoming this diffusion restriction due to significantly reduced diffusion distances. Although roles for matrix stiffness and ligand binding density have previously been identified, our results emphasize the importance of diffusion restrictions in limiting capillary morphogenesis.
Collapse
|
48
|
Choi NW, Cabodi M, Held B, Gleghorn JP, Bonassar LJ, Stroock AD. Microfluidic scaffolds for tissue engineering. NATURE MATERIALS 2007; 6:908-15. [PMID: 17906630 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Most methods to culture cells in three dimensions depend on a cell-seedable biomaterial to define the global structure of the culture and the microenvironment of the cells. Efforts to tailor these scaffolds have focused on the chemical and mechanical properties of the biomaterial itself. Here, we present a strategy to control the distributions of soluble chemicals within the scaffold with convective mass transfer via microfluidic networks embedded directly within the cell-seeded biomaterial. Our presentation of this strategy includes: a lithographic technique to build functional microfluidic structures within a calcium alginate hydrogel seeded with cells; characterization of this process with respect to microstructural fidelity and cell viability; characterization of convective and diffusive mass transfer of small and large solutes within this microfluidic scaffold; and demonstration of temporal and spatial control of the distribution of non-reactive solutes and reactive solutes (that is, metabolites) within the bulk of the scaffold. This approach to control the chemical environment on a micrometre scale within a macroscopic scaffold could aid in engineering complex tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nak Won Choi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Peyton SR, Ghajar CM, Khatiwala CB, Putnam AJ. The emergence of ECM mechanics and cytoskeletal tension as important regulators of cell function. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 47:300-20. [PMID: 17652777 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to harvest and maintain viable cells from mammalian tissues represented a critical advance in biomedical research, enabling individual cells to be cultured and studied in molecular detail. However, in these traditional cultures, cells are grown on rigid glass or polystyrene substrates, the mechanical properties of which often do not match those of the in vivo tissue from which the cells were originally derived. This mechanical mismatch likely contributes to abrupt changes in cellular phenotype. In fact, it has been proposed that mechanical changes in the cellular microenvironment may alone be responsible for driving specific cellular behaviors. Recent multidisciplinary efforts from basic scientists and engineers have begun to address this hypothesis more explicitly by probing the effects of ECM mechanics on cell and tissue function. Understanding the consequences of such mechanical changes is physiologically relevant in the context of a number of tissues in which altered mechanics may either correlate with or play an important role in the onset of pathology. Examples include changes in the compliance of blood vessels associated with atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia, as well as changes in the mechanical properties of developing tumors. Compelling evidence from 2-D in vitro model systems has shown that substrate mechanical properties induce changes in cell shape, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, but it remains to be seen whether or not these same effects translate to 3-D systems or in vivo. Furthermore, the molecular "mechanotransduction" mechanisms by which cells respond to changes in ECM mechanics remain unclear. Here, we provide some historical context for this emerging area of research, and discuss recent evidence that regulation of cytoskeletal tension by changes in ECM mechanics (either directly or indirectly) may provide a critical switch that controls cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly R Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ahmed TAE, Griffith M, Hincke M. Characterization and inhibition of fibrin hydrogel-degrading enzymes during development of tissue engineering scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:1469-77. [PMID: 17518706 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The goal of articular cartilage tissue engineering is to provide cartilaginous constructs to replace abnormal cartilage. We have evaluated the chondroprogenitor clonal cell line RCJ3.1C5.18 (C5.18) as a model to guide the development of appropriate scaffolds for tissue engineering. Rapid degradation of fibrin hydrogels was observed after encapsulation of C5.18 cells. The enzymes responsible for this fibrin gel breakdown were characterized to control their activity and regulate gel stability. Western blotting, confirming zymography, revealed bands due to matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3) that are secreted concomitantly with fibrin hydrogels breakdown. High plasmin activity was detected in conditioned media during hydrogel breakdown but not in the confluent cells before encapsulation. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction indicated the expression of MMP-2, -3, and -9 and plasminogen in the cells. MMP-9 was 100 times higher at day 1, whereas MMP-2 started to increase and reached its maximum level by day 7. Aprotinin, a known serine protease inhibitor, and galardin (GM6001), a potent MMP inhibitor, in combination or separately, prevented the breakdown of fibrin-C5.18 hydrogels, whereas only the combination of both promoted the accumulation of extracellular matrix. These findings suggest that plasmin and MMPs contribute independently to fibrin hydrogel breakdown, but that either enzyme can achieve extracellular matrix breakdown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer A E Ahmed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|