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Fattahi N, Gorgannezhad L, Masoule SF, Babanejad N, Ramazani A, Raoufi M, Sharifikolouei E, Foroumadi A, Khoobi M. PEI-based functional materials: Fabrication techniques, properties, and biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103119. [PMID: 38447243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have recently attracted considerable interest as research breakthroughs for various industrial and biomedical applications. They are particularly interesting due to their highly positive charges, acceptable physicochemical properties, and ability to undergo further modifications, making them attractive candidates for biomedical applications. Polyethyleneimines (PEIs), as the most extensively utilized polymers, are one of the valuable and prominent classes of polycations. Owing to their flexible polymeric chains, broad molecular weight (MW) distribution, and repetitive structural units, their customization for functional composites is more feasible. The specific beneficial attributes of PEIs could be introduced by purposeful functionalization or modification, long service life, biocompatibility, and distinct geometry. Therefore, PEIs have significant potential in biotechnology, medicine, and bioscience. In this review, we present the advances in PEI-based nanomaterials, their transfection efficiency, and their toxicity over the past few years. Furthermore, the potential and suitability of PEIs for various applications are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review aims to inspire readers to investigate innovative approaches for the design and development of next-generation PEI-based nanomaterials possessing cutting-edge functionalities and appealing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Lena Gorgannezhad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shabnam Farkhonde Masoule
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifikolouei
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Li W, Shao L, Liu J, Sheng J, Zheng Q, Wang M. Intracellular delivery of bacterial effectors for cancer therapy using biodegradable lipid nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3172-3179. [PMID: 36919841 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial effector proteins are virulence factors that are secreted and mediate orthogonal post-translational modifications of proteins that are not found naturally in mammalian systems. They hold great promise for developing biotherapeutics by regulating malignant cell signaling in a specific and targeted manner. However, delivering bacterial effectors into disease cells poses a significant challenge to their therapeutic potential. In this study, we report on the design of a combinatorial library of bioreducible lipid nanoparticles containing disulfide bonds for highly efficient bacterial effector delivery and potential cancer therapy. A leading lipid, PPPDA-O16B, identified from the library, can encapsulate and deliver DNA plasmids into cells. The gene cargo is released in response to the reductive cellular environment that is upregulated in cancer cells, leading to enhanced gene delivery and protein expression efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PPPDA-O16B can deliver the bacterial effector protein, DUF5, to degrade mutant RAS and inactivate downstream MAPK signaling cascades to suppress cancer cell growth in vitro and in tumor-bearing mouse xenografts. This strategy of delivering bacterial effectors using biodegradable lipid nanoparticles can be expanded for cancer cell signaling regulation and antitumor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leihou Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhan Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qizhen Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hyaluronic Acid Modified Nanostructured Lipid Carrier for Targeting Delivery of Kaempferol to NSCLC: Preparation, Optimization, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144553. [PMID: 35889427 PMCID: PMC9318624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer seriously threatens the health of human beings, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 80%. Nowadays, the potential position of nano-delivery in treating cancer has been the subject of continuous research. The present research aimed to prepare two molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified kaempferol (KA)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (HA-KA-NLCs) by the method of melting ultrasonic and electrostatic adsorption, and to assess the antitumor effect of the preparations on A549 cells. The characterization and safety evaluation of the preparations illustrated that they are acceptable for drug delivery for cancer. Subsequently, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the drug was adequately incorporated in the carrier, and the particle appeared as a sphere. Moreover, HA-KA-NLC showed predominant in vitro antitumor effects, inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion, promoting apoptosis and increasing cellular uptake of A549 cells. Otherwise, the Western blot assay revealed that preparations could activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related signaling pathways and modulate the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in A549 cells. Our present findings demonstrated that HA-KA-NLC could be considered as a secure and effective carrier for targeted tumor delivery and may have potential application prospects in future clinic therapy of NSCLC.
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Lopukhov AV, Yang Z, Haney MJ, Bronich TK, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Batrakova EV, Klyachko NL, Kabanov AV. Mannosylated Cationic Copolymers for Gene Delivery to Macrophages. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000371. [PMID: 33615675 PMCID: PMC8126558 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are desirable targets for gene therapy of cancer and other diseases. Cationic diblock copolymers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) or poly{N-[N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]aspartamide} (pAsp(DET)) are synthesized and used to form polyplexes with a plasmid DNA (pDNA) that are decorated with mannose moieties, serving as the targeting ligands for the C type lectin receptors displayed at the surface of macrophages. The PEG-b-PLL copolymers are known for its cytotoxicity, so PEG-b-PLL-based polyplexes are cross-linked using reducible reagent dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP). The cross-linked polyplexes display low toxicity to both mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH/3T3 cell line and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMΦ). In macrophages mannose-decorated polyplexes demonstrate an ≈8 times higher transfection efficiency. The cross-linking of the polyplexes decrease the toxicity, but the transfection enhancement is moderate. The PEG-b-pAsp(DET) copolymers display low toxicity with respect to the IC-21 murine macrophage cell line and are used for the production of non-cross-linked pDNA-contained polyplexes. The obtained mannose modified polyplexes exhibit ca. 500-times greater transfection activity in IC-21 macrophages compared to the mannose-free polyplexes. This result greatly exceeds the targeting gene transfer effects previously described using mannose receptor targeted non-viral gene delivery systems. These results suggest that Man-PEG-b-pAsp(DET)/pDNA polyplex is a potential vector for immune cells-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Lopukhov
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 117234, Russia
| | - Zigang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Matthew J Haney
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elena V Batrakova
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 117234, Russia
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Laboratory for Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 117234, Russia
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Yan J, Zhang N, Zhang Z, Zhu W, Li B, Li L, Pu Y, He B. Redox-responsive polyethyleneimine/tetrahedron DNA/doxorubicin nanocomplexes for deep cell/tissue penetration to overcome multidrug resistance. J Control Release 2020; 329:36-49. [PMID: 33259850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep penetration of nanomedicines to cancer cells and tissues is a main obstacle to conquering multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer. Here, we presented redox-responsive polyethyleneimine (disulfide cross-linked PEI, PSP)/tetrahedral DNA (TDNs)/doxorubicin (DOX) nanocomplexes (NCs), PSP/TDNs@DOX NCs, to accomplish tumor cell/tissue penetration for overcoming MDR. The NCs can respond to glutathione and DNase I to disassociate and release DOX. In vitro study revealed that the NCs (N/P = 30) with positive charge could be associated to cell membranes and "dig holes" on them, evoking the membrane-breaking for enhanced cellular internalization and bypassing endocytosis regardless of drug-resistant mechanism. Transwell and 3D tumor models study established that NCs can efficiently depart from cells through "holes leakage" and "infected" surrounding cells to penetrate into deep tumor tissues. In vivo study showed that the PSP/TDNs@DOX NCs exhibited superior tumor penetration and therapeutic efficiency in xenografted drug-resistant tumor mouse models including human breast (MCF-7/R) and ovarian (SKOV3/R) cancer, which represent MDR with characteristics of DOX efflux and impermeability, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wangwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Liu Y, Wang J, Huang X, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Zhang S, Wang H, Yuan L, Chen H. Glutathione-Sensitive Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Gene Transfection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46515-46524. [PMID: 31746585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ingenious surface modification strategies and special topological morphologies endow the biomaterial interface with excellent ability to regulate the cell fate. In this work, a gene delivery platform based on glutathione-sensitive silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWAs) is developed, exhibiting good transfection efficiency of several cell types. Briefly, the surface of SiNWAs is grafted of PEICBA, a branched cationic polymer cross-linked by disulfide bonds (SN-PEICBA). When the cells adhere to the platform surface, silicon nanowires penetrate into the cells and the high concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in cytoplasm breaks the disulfide bonds (S-S) in PEICBA. The plasmid DNA preloaded on the cationic polymers is successfully delivered to the nuclei through the nonlysosomal pathway. Cells harvested from the SN-PEICBA show high retention of viability and the platform surface can be reused though S-S replacement for at least three times. In general, our platform is a creative combination of intracellular responsive strategy and surface morphology, which has great potential for auxiliary use in ex vivo cell-based therapies and various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Xuejin Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Yingxian Zhao
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Ya Sun
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , P. R. China
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7
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Synthesis of Bioreducible Polycations with Controlled Topologies. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30838607 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9092-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Bioreducible polycations, which possess disulfide linkages in the backbone, have emerged as promising nucleic acid delivery carriers due to their high stability in extracellular physiological condition and bioreduction-triggered release of the genetic material. Further benefits of bioreducible polycations include decreased cytotoxicity due to intracellular reducing environment in the cytoplasm that contains high levels of reducing molecules such as glutathione. Here, we describe the synthesis of bioreducible polycations with emphasis on methods to control their topology.
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Modular Synthesis of Bioreducible Gene Vectors through Polyaddition of N, N'-Dimethylcystamine and Diglycidyl Ethers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10060687. [PMID: 30966721 PMCID: PMC6404356 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioreducible, cationic linear poly(amino ether)s (PAEs) were designed as promising gene vectors. These polymers were synthesized by the reaction of a disulfide-functional monomer, N,N'-dimethylcystamine (DMC), and several different diglycidyl ethers. The resulting PAEs displayed a substantial buffer capacity (up to 64%) in the endosomal acidification region of pH 7.4⁻5.1. The PAEs condense plasmid DNA into 80⁻200 nm sized polyplexes, and have surface charges ranging from +20 to +40 mV. The polyplexes readily release DNA upon exposure to reducing conditions (2.5 mM DTT) due to the cleavage of the disulfide groups that is present in the main chain of the polymers, as was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Upon exposing COS-7 cells to polyplexes that were prepared at polymer/DNA w/w ratios below 48, cell viabilities between 80⁻100% were observed, even under serum-free conditions. These polyplexes show comparable or higher transfection efficiencies (up to 38%) compared to 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (PEI) polyplexes (12% under serum-free conditions). Moreover, the PAE-based polyplexes yield transfection efficiencies as high as 32% in serum-containing medium, which makes these polymers interesting for gene delivery applications.
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9
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Jiménez-Balsa A, Pinto S, Quartin E, Lino MM, Francisco V, Ferreira L. Nanoparticles Conjugated with Photocleavable Linkers for the Intracellular Delivery of Biomolecules. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1485-1489. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Polyethylene imine/graphene oxide layer-by-layer surface functionalization for significantly improved limit of detection and binding kinetics of immunoassays on acrylate surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:167-174. [PMID: 28689099 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibody immobilization on polymeric substrates is a key manufacturing step for microfluidic devices that implement sample-to-answer automation of immunoassays. In this work, a simple and versatile method to bio-functionalize poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), a common material of such "Lab-on-a-Chip" systems, is proposed; using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique, we assemble nanostructured thin films of poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) and graphene oxide (GO). The wettability of PMMA surfaces was significantly augmented by the surface treatment with (PEI/GO)5 film, with an 81% reduction of the contact angle, while the surface roughness increased by 600%, thus clearly enhancing wettability and antibody binding capacity. When applied to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), the limit of detection of PMMA surface was notably improved from 340pgmL-1 on commercial grade polystyrene (PS) and 230pgmL-1 on plain PMMA surfaces to 130pgmL-1 on (PEI/GO)5 treated PMMA. Furthermore, the accelerated antibody adsorption kinetics on the LbL films of GO allowed to substantially shorten incubation times, e.g. for anti-rat IgG adsorption from 2h down to 15min on conventional and treated surfaces, respectively.
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Ashrafi K, Heaysman CL, Phillips GJ, Lloyd AW, Lewis AL. Towards Hypoxia-responsive Drug-eluting Embolization Beads. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:226-237. [PMID: 28373099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug release from chemoembolization microspheres stimulated by the presence of a chemically reducing environment may provide benefits for targeting drug resistant and metastatic hypoxic tumours. A water-soluble disulfide-based bifunctional cross-linker bis(acryloyl)-(l)-cystine (BALC) was synthesised, characterised and incorporated into a modified poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) hydrogel beads at varying concentrations using reverse suspension polymerisation. The beads were characterised to confirm the amount of cross-linker within each formulation and its effects on the bead properties. Elemental and UV/visible spectroscopic analysis confirmed the incorporation of BALC within the beads and sizing studies showed that in the presence of a reducing agent, all bead formulations increased in mean diameter. The BALC beads could be loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride and amounts in excess of 300mg of drug per mL of hydrated beads could be achieved but required conversion of the carboxylic acid groups of the BALC to their sodium carboxylate salt forms. Elution of doxorubicin from the beads demonstrated a controlled release via ionic exchange. Some formulations exhibited an increase in size and release of drug in the presence of a reducing agent, and therefore demonstrated the ability to respond to an in vitro reducing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koorosh Ashrafi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom; Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L Heaysman
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J Phillips
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Lloyd
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL, United Kingdom.
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Mathew AP, Cho KH, Uthaman S, Cho CS, Park IK. Stimuli-Regulated Smart Polymeric Systems for Gene Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E152. [PMID: 30970831 PMCID: PMC6432211 DOI: 10.3390/polym9040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological condition of the human body is a composite of different environments, each with its own parameters that may differ under normal, as well as diseased conditions. These environmental conditions include factors, such as pH, temperature and enzymes that are specific to a type of cell, tissue or organ or a pathological state, such as inflammation, cancer or infection. These conditions can act as specific triggers or stimuli for the efficient release of therapeutics at their destination by overcoming many physiological and biological barriers. The efficacy of conventional treatment modalities can be enhanced, side effects decreased and patient compliance improved by using stimuli-responsive material that respond to these triggers at the target site. These stimuli or triggers can be physical, chemical or biological and can be internal or external in nature. Many smart/intelligent stimuli-responsive therapeutic gene carriers have been developed that can respond to either internal stimuli, which may be normally present, overexpressed or present in decreased levels, owing to a disease, or to stimuli that are applied externally, such as magnetic fields. This review focuses on the effects of various internal stimuli, such as temperature, pH, redox potential, enzymes, osmotic activity and other biomolecules that are present in the body, on modulating gene expression by using stimuli-regulated smart polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuja Pulickal Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Ki-Hyun Cho
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea.
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13
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Ullah I, Muhammad K, Akpanyung M, Nejjari A, Neve AL, Guo J, Feng Y, Shi C. Bioreducible, hydrolytically degradable and targeting polymers for gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3253-3276. [PMID: 32264392 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, synthetic gene carriers have been intensively developed owing to their promising application in gene therapy and considered as a suitable alternative to viral vectors because of several benefits. But cationic polymers still face some problems like low transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, and poor cell recognition and internalization. The emerging engineered and smart polymers can respond to some changes in the biological environment like pH change, ionic strength change and redox potential, which is beneficial for cellular uptake. Redox-sensitive disulfide based and hydrolytically degradable cationic polymers serve as gene carriers with excellent transfection efficiency and good biocompatibility owing to degradation in the cytoplasm. Additionally, biodegradable polymeric micelles with cell-targeting function are recently emerging gene carriers, especially for the transfection of endothelial cells. In this review, some strategies for gene carriers based on these bioreducible and hydrolytically degradable polymers will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China.
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14
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Wang T, Chen Q, Lu H, Li W, Li Z, Ma J, Gao H. Shedding PEG Palisade by Temporal Photostimulation and Intracellular Reducing Milieu for Facilitated Intracellular Trafficking and DNA Release. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1949-57. [PMID: 27453033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dilemma of poly(ethylene glycol) surface modification (PEGylation) inspired us to develop an intracellularly sheddable PEG palisade for synthetic delivery systems. Here, we attempted to conjugate PEG to polyethylenimine (PEI) through tandem linkages of disulfide-bridge susceptible to cytoplasmic reduction and an azobenzene/cyclodextrin inclusion complex responsive to external photoirradiation. The subsequent investigations revealed that facile PEG detachment could be achieved in endosomes upon photoirradiation, consequently engendering exposure of membrane-disruptive PEI for facilitated endosome escape. The liberated formulation in the cytosol was further subjected to complete PEG detachment relying on disulfide cleavage in the reductive cytosol, thus accelerating dissociation of electrostatically assembled PEI/DNA polyplex to release DNA by means of polyion exchange reaction with intracellularly charged species, ultimately contributing to efficient gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hongguang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
| | - Zaifen Li
- School of Science, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, Nankai District, 300072, China
| | - Jianbiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin University of Technology , 391 Binshui Xidao, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300384, China
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15
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Reduction and pH dual-responsive nanoparticles based chitooligosaccharide-based graft copolymer for doxorubicin delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Jiang B, Liu M, Zhang K, Zu G, Dong J, Cao Y, Zhang L, Pei R. Oligoethylenimine grafted PEGylated poly(aspartic acid) as a macromolecular contrast agent: properties and in vivo studies. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3324-3330. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00278a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A macromolecular contrast agent based on PEGylated poly(aspartic acid) was prepared and well characterized, which may provide helpful insights for the further development of sensitive and biocompatible MRI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Kunchi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Guangyue Zu
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215123
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17
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Liu S, Huang W, Jin MJ, Fan B, Xia GM, Gao ZG. Inhibition of murine breast cancer growth and metastasis by survivin-targeted siRNA using disulfide cross-linked linear PEI. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 82:171-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Trotta F, Caldera F, Dianzani C, Argenziano M, Barrera G, Cavalli R. Glutathione Bioresponsive Cyclodextrin Nanosponges. Chempluschem 2015; 81:439-443. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica; University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Dipartimento di Chimica; University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; University of Torino; Via Verdi, 8 10124 Torino Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Dipartimento di Chimica; University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barrera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche; University of Torino; C.so Raffaello, 30 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco; University of Torino; Via Verdi, 8 10124 Torino Italy
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19
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Kar M, Vernon Shih YR, Velez DO, Cabrales P, Varghese S. Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with cell cleavable groups for autonomous cell delivery. Biomaterials 2015; 77:186-97. [PMID: 26606444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-responsive hydrogels hold tremendous potential as cell delivery devices in regenerative medicine. In this study, we developed a hydrogel-based cell delivery vehicle, in which the encapsulated cell cargo control its own release from the vehicle in a protease-independent manner. Specifically, we have synthesized a modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel that undergoes degradation responding to cell-secreted molecules by incorporating disulfide moieties onto the backbone of the hydrogel precursor. Our results show the disulfide-modified PEG hydrogels disintegrate seamlessly into solution in presence of cells without any external stimuli. The rate of hydrogel degradation, which ranges from hours to months, is found to be dependent upon the type of encapsulated cells, cell number, and fraction of disulfide moieties present in the hydrogel backbone. The differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells released from the hydrogels is maintained in vitro. The in vivo analysis of these cell-laden hydrogels, through a dorsal window chamber and intramuscular implantation, demonstrated autonomous release of cells to the host environment. The hydrogel-mediated implantation of cells resulted in higher cell retention within the host tissue when compared to that without a biomaterial support. Biomaterials that function as a shield to protect cell cargos and assist their delivery in response to signals from the encapsulated cells could have a wide utility in cell transplantation and could improve the therapeutic outcomes of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjoy Kar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Vernon Shih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Ortiz Velez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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20
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Nam K, Jung S, Nam JP, Kim SW. Poly(ethylenimine) conjugated bioreducible dendrimer for efficient gene delivery. J Control Release 2015; 220:447-455. [PMID: 26551343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) 25 kDa is an efficient gene delivery vector with outstanding gene condensation ability and great endosome escape activity. However, it also induces higher cytotoxicity. Transfection efficiency and toxicity of PEI are highly dependent upon their molecular weight and structure. We developed a bioreducible poly(ethylenimine) (PEI (-s-s-)) derived from low molecular weight PEI (1.8 kDa) for efficient gene delivery. Bioreducible core molecule is expected to increase molecular weight and reduce the cytotoxicity of the copolymer. PEI (-s-s-) polyplexes showed higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared to branched PEI 25 kDa, Lipofectamine® 2000 and, FuGENE® 6. In addition, PEI (-s-s-) derivative (16 kDa) formed stable polyplexes with a zeta-potential value of +34 mV and polyplex size of 61 nm. PEI (-s-s-) derivative (16 kDa) showed excellent transfection efficiency: 3.6 times higher than branched PEI 25 kDa in HeLa cells and 7.4 times higher than Lipofectamine® 2000 in H9C2 cell. The derivatives also showed lower cytotoxicity compared with Lipofectamine® 2000 and PEI 25 kDa in various cell types. In addition, newly synthesized PEI (-s-s-) derivatives have high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihoon Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Simhyun Jung
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joung-Pyo Nam
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sung Wan Kim
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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21
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Efficient RNA delivery by integrin-targeted glutathione responsive polyethyleneimine capped gold nanorods. Acta Biomater 2015; 23:136-146. [PMID: 26026304 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) mediated gene silencing holds significant promises in gene therapy. A major obstacle to efficient RNAi is the systemic delivery of the therapeutic RNAs into the cytoplasmon without being trapped in intracellular endo-/lyso-somes. Herein we report the development of a PEGylated, RGD peptide modified, and disulfide cross-linked short polyethylenimines (DSPEIs) functionalized gold nanorod (RDG) for targeted small hairpin (sh)RNA delivery. The RDG effectively condensed shRNAs into stable nanoparticles, allowing for highly specific targeting of model human brain cancer cells (U-87 MG-GFP) via the αvβ3 integrins-mediated endocytosis. The combined effects of endosomal escape (via the proton-sponge effect of the PEIs) and efficient cleavage of the disulfide-cross-linked DSPEIs by the high intracellular glutathione content triggered rapid cytoplasma shRNAs release resulting in excellent RNAi efficiency and low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the high stability and prolonged blood circulation afforded by PEGylation allowed for highly effective, targeted tumor accumulation and internalization of the carriers, resulting in outstanding intra-tumor gene silencing efficiency in U-87 MG-GFP tumor bearing BALB/c mice. Combining the capabilities of both passive and active targeting, intracellular glutathione-triggered "off-on" release and endosomal escape, the RDG nanocarrier developed herein appears to be a highly promising non-viral vector for efficient RNAi.
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22
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Yang S, Lee RJ, Yang X, Zheng B, Xie J, Meng L, Liu Y, Teng L. A novel reduction-sensitive modified polyethylenimine oligonucleotide vector. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:44-50. [PMID: 25698089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A reduction-sensitive cross-linked polyethylenimine derivative PEI-SS-OA was synthesized and evaluated for oligonucleotide delivery. PEI-SS-OA was shown to condense LOR-2501, an oligonucleotide targeting ribonucleotide reductase R1 subunit (RRM1), into positively charged complexes. The reductive degradation of the PEI-SS-OA induced by dithiothreitol was confirmed by a gel retardation assay. In vitro experiments revealed that the reduction-sensitive PEI-SS-OA was less cytotoxic and more effective in oligonucleotide delivery than the control 25kDa PEI. This study demonstrates that a reducibly degradable cationic polymer PEI-SS-OA possesses both higher oligonucleotide delivery efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than PEI (25 kDa), therefore is an attractive candidate for further in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jinlin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Robert J Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Jinlin University, Changchun 130012, China; College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
| | - Xuewei Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jinlin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Jinlin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jing Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Jinlin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lingjun Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Jinlin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jinlin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jinlin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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23
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Abstract
The recent research progress in biological and biomedical applications of hyperbranched polymers has been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine and Medical Science
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine and Medical Science
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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24
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Efficient, dual-stimuli responsive cytosolic gene delivery using a RGD modified disulfide-linked polyethylenimine functionalized gold nanorod. J Control Release 2014; 196:37-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Wang F, Yang Y. RETRACTED: Inhibition of PKM2 sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to doxorubicin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:465-70. [PMID: 25450685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor and the author. We have been contacted by the corresponding author Yong Yang and by Houston Methodist Research Institute, who after investigation has concluded that the data of another researcher had been copied without authorization. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Tenth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China; Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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26
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Yue D, Cheng G, He Y, Nie Y, Jiang Q, Cai X, Gu Z. Influence of reduction-sensitive diselenide bonds and disulfide bonds on oligoethylenimine conjugates for gene delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7210-7221. [PMID: 32261800 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioreducible polymers have appeared as ideal gene delivery vectors due to the high stability in extracellular fluids and rapid DNA unpacking in an intracellular reducing environment, as well as decreased cytotoxicity. Disulfide bonds have long been regarded as the only golden standard for this design. Recently, diselenide bonds have emerged as a new reduction-sensitive linkage. However, its reduction sensitivity has not been systematically reported. The primary aim of this study is to compare its reduction sensitivity with the golden standard disulfide bonds. Bioreduction-triggered polymer degradation revealed that diselenide bonds are more stable than disulfide bonds with a lower redox potential (i.e. 10 μM GSH). The changes in DNA binding ability, particle size, zeta potential, and morphology all demonstrated that diselenide bonds have similar reduction sensitivity as disulfide bonds, but it could be only cleaved at a tumor-relevant glutathione concentration (i.e. 10 mM GSH). Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectra suggested that diselenide bond conjugated OEI800 (OEI-SeSex) complexes could not only maintain high stability under 10 μM GSH conditions, but could also timely release DNA under 10 mM GSH conditions. Cell viability assay results showed that OEI-SeSex has a similar cell viability profile as disulfide bond conjugated OEI800 (OEI-SSx), which is much less toxic than PEI25k. Biological efficacy assessment indicated comparable or even outweigh transfection efficiency of OEI-SeSex with OEI-SSx and PEI25k. These results suggested that the unique properties of diselenide bonds have enabled a versatile design of multifunctional bioreducible polymers for in vivo gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yue
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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27
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Feng L, Xie A, Hu X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Li S, Dong W. A releasable disulfide carbonate linker for polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based gene vectors. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Low molecular weight PEI-appended polyesters as non-viral gene delivery vectors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 78:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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29
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Köhler J, Kühl S, Keul H, Möller M, Pich A. Synthesis and characterization of polyamine-based cyclophosphazene hybrid microspheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Köhler
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Sebastian Kühl
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V.; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V.; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V.; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52056 Aachen Germany
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30
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Cajot S, Schol D, Danhier F, Préat V, Gillet De Pauw MC, Jérôme C. In vitro investigations of smart drug delivery systems based on redox-sensitive cross-linked micelles. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1661-70. [PMID: 24339277 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Redox-sensitive micelles are designed by using block copolymers of different architectures composed of a hydrophilic block of poly(ethylene oxide), and hydrophobic blocks of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) and poly(α-azide-ϵ-caprolactone). Stability of these micelles is insured in diluted media by cross-linking their core via the addition of a bifunctional cross-linker, while redox sensitivity is provided to these micelles by inserting a disulfide bridge in the cross-linker. The potential of these responsive micelles to be used as nanocarriers is studied in terms of cytotoxicity and cellular internalization. The release profiles are also investigated by varying the environment reductive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Cajot
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Chemistry Department, University of Liege, B6 Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liege, Belgium
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31
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Ketola TM, Hanzlíková M, Leppänen L, Raviña M, Bishop CJ, Green JJ, Urtti A, Lemmetyinen H, Yliperttula M, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E. Independent versus cooperative binding in polyethylenimine-DNA and Poly(L-lysine)-DNA polyplexes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:10405-13. [PMID: 23941196 DOI: 10.1021/jp404812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of polyethylenimine-DNA and poly(L-lysine)-DNA complex formation at pH 5.2 and 7.4 was studied by a time-resolved spectroscopic method. The formation of a polyplex core was observed to be complete at approximately N/P = 2, at which point nearly all DNA phosphate groups were bound by polymer amine groups. The data were analyzed further both by an independent binding model and by a cooperative model for multivalent ligand binding to multisubunit substrate. At pH 5.2, the polyplex formation was cooperative at all N/P ratios, whereas for pH 7.4 at N/P < 0.6 the polyplex formation followed independent binding changing to cooperative binding at higher N/Ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia-Maaria Ketola
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland
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32
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Abstract
Though the pharmaceutical industry's infatuation with the therapeutic potential of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has finally come down from its initial lofty levels,[1] hope is by no means lost for the once-burgeoning enterprise, as recent clinical trials are beginning to show efficacy in areas ranging from amyloidosis to hypercholesterolemia to muscular dystrophy. With such resurgence comes a more informed perspective on the needs of such therapeutics: a renewed focus on true RNA drug development, and a desire for enhanced site-specific delivery.[2] In this review, we will discuss the latter with regard to hepatic targeting by synthetic vectors, covering the implications of organ and cellular physiology on conjugate structure, particle morphology, and active targeting. In presenting efficacy in a variety of disease models, we emphasize as well the extraordinary degree to which synthetic formulation improves upon and coordinates efforts with oligonucleotide development. Such advances in the understanding of and the technology behind RNAi have the potential to finally stabilize the long-term prospects RNA therapeutic development.
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33
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You YZ, Yan JJ, Yu ZQ, Oupicky D. Synthesis of bioreducible polycations with controlled topologies. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 948:121-132. [PMID: 23070767 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-140-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioreducible polycations, which possess disulfide linkages in the backbone, have appeared as promising gene delivery carriers due to their high stability in extracellular physiological condition and bioreduction-triggered release of genetic materials, as well as reduced cytotoxicity because intracellular cytosol is a reducing environment containing high level of reducing molecules such as glutathione. Here, we describe the syntheses of bioreducible polycations, and the methods for control over their topology are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Zi You
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Li W, Zhang P, Zheng K, Hu Q, Wang Y. Redox-triggered intracellular dePEGylation based on diselenide-linked polycations for DNA delivery. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:6418-6426. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Nouri A, Castro R, Kairys V, Santos JL, Rodrigues J, Li Y, Tomás H. Insight into the role of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) conjugation onto poly(ethylenimine): cell viability and gene transfection studies. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2967-80. [PMID: 22945382 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) conjugation onto branched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) with different grafting degree was examined for gene delivery applications. The DMAEMA-grafted-PEI conjugates were characterized and complexed with plasmid DNA (pDNA) at various concentrations, and the physicochemical properties, cell viability, and in vitro transfection efficiency of the complexes were evaluated in HEK 293T cells. Computational techniques were used to analyze the interaction energies and possible binding modes between DNA and conjugates at different grafting degrees. The cytotoxicity analysis and in vitro transfection efficiency of the conjugate/pDNA complexes exhibited a beneficial effect of DMAEMA conjugation when compared to PEI alone. The computational results revealed that the DNA/vector interaction energy decreases with increasing grafting degree, which can be associated to an enhanced release of the pDNA from the carrier once inside cells. The results indicate the significance of DMAEMA conjugation onto PEI as a promising approach for gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nouri
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390, Funchal, Portugal
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36
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Abstract
This article focuses on drug targeting to specific cellular organelles for therapeutic purposes. Drugs can be delivered to all major organelles of the cell (cytosol, endosome/lysosome, nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes and proteasomes) where they exert specific effects in those particular subcellular compartments. Delivery can be achieved by chemical (e.g., polymeric) or biological (e.g., signal sequences) means. Unidirectional targeting to individual organelles has proven to be immensely successful for drug therapy. Newer technologies that accommodate multiple signals (e.g., protein switch and virus-like delivery systems) mimic nature and allow for a more sophisticated approach to drug delivery. Harnessing different methods of targeting multiple organelles in a cell will lead to better drug delivery and improvements in disease therapy.
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37
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Schaffert D, Troiber C, Wagner E. New sequence-defined polyaminoamides with tailored endosomolytic properties for plasmid DNA delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1157-65. [PMID: 22548327 DOI: 10.1021/bc200614x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of polymeric carriers is one of the most elusive obstacles in the development of nonviral gene delivery systems, concealing interaction mechanisms and limiting the use of structure-activity relationship studies. In this report, novel sequence-defined polyaminoamides, prepared by solid-phase assisted synthesis, were used to establish first structure-activity relationships for polymer-based plasmid DNA delivery. By combining a cationic building block with hydrophobic modifications and bioreversible disulfide cross-linking sites, transfection polymers with tailored lytic and DNA binding properties were designed. These polymers demonstrated clear correlation between structure and performance in lysis and DNA binding assays. In vitro studies showed negligible toxicity and highly efficient gene transfer, demonstrating the potential of this platform in the fast, combinatorial development of new transfection polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schaffert
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, and ‡Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich , Germany
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38
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Zhong X, Lu Z, Valtchev P, Wei H, Zreiqat H, Dehghani F. Surface modification of poly(propylene carbonate) by aminolysis and layer-by-layer assembly for enhanced cytocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 93:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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pH-sensitive degradable hydrophobe modified 1.8 kDa branched polyethylenimine as “artificial viruses” for safe and efficient intracellular gene transfection. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-012-0063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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40
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Yang F, Wang J, Peng G, Fu S, Zhang S, Liu C. PEG-based bioresponsive hydrogels with redox-mediated formation and degradation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:697-710. [PMID: 22311074 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogel which will undergo macroscopic transition responding to redox stimuli is prepared. Mercapto precursors are prepared from 4-armed polyethylene glycol and after deprotection of thiolate anions, they can transform into disulfide crosslinked hydrogels within 3 min by responding to oxidant H(2)O(2). Desirable elasticity is exhibited with a wide range of storage modulus from 50 Pa to 14 kPa through rheological investigation. In addition, the hydrogels are found to be hydrolytically stable but degrade within 75 days when exposed to reductant such as glutathione (GSH). So gelation time and degradation behavior can be regulated by concentrations of precursor, oxidant, reductant, temperature, and pH value. Notably, interest arises from the long-period degradation under low GSH concentration of 0.01 mM that is similar to extracellular level, but not the fast disintegration under high concentration intracellular, providing the possibility of "smart" degradation responding to those cell-secreted biomacromolecules during the process of tissue regeneration. Furthermore, both hydrogels and their degradation products show cell viability above 90% culturing with C2C12 cells, representing nontoxic properties. Such a stimuli-responsive degradation strategy will give promising application in tissue repair and regeneration; especially enable the achievement of matching the degradation kinetics with physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Li W, Zhou Y, Ma W, Wang S, Dai Y. Cleaved disulfide cross-linking functionalized silica nanoparticles for enrichment of Cd (II). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Yu S, Chen J, Dong R, Su Y, Ji B, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Yan D. Enhanced gene transfection efficiency of PDMAEMA by incorporating hydrophobic hyperbranched polymer cores: effect of degree of branching. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20487h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Li W, Wang Y, Chen L, Huang Z, Hu Q, Ji J. Light-regulated host–guest interaction as a new strategy for intracellular PEG-detachable polyplexes to facilitate nuclear entry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10126-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Zheng M, Zhong Y, Meng F, Peng R, Zhong Z. Lipoic Acid Modified Low Molecular Weight Polyethylenimine Mediates Nontoxic and Highly Potent in Vitro Gene Transfection. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:2434-43. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2003797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rui Peng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and ‡Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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45
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Liu Z, Zheng M, Meng F, Zhong Z. Non-viral gene transfection in vitro using endosomal pH-sensitive reversibly hydrophobilized polyethylenimine. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9109-19. [PMID: 21890198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reversibly hydrophobilized 10 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) based on rapidly acid-degradable acetal-containing hydrophobe was designed for nontoxic and highly efficient non-viral gene transfer. Water soluble PEI derivatives with average 5, 9 and 14 units of pH-sensitive 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzylidene-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (TMB-THME) hydrophobe per molecule, denoted as PEI-g-(TMB-THME)(n), were readily obtained by treating 10 kDa PEI with varying amounts of TMB-THME-nitrophenyl chloroformate. Gel retardation assays showed that all PEI-g-(TMB-THME)(n) derivatives could effectively condense DNA at an N/P ratio of 5/1. Notably, polyplexes of PEI-g-(TMB-THME)(n) derivatives had smaller sizes (about 100∼170 nm) and higher surface charges (+25 ∼ +43 mV) than the parent 10 kDa PEI at the same N/P ratios ranging from 10/1 to 40/1. MTT assays revealed that these PEI-g-(TMB-THME)(n) derivatives were practically non-toxic at polymer concentrations used in transfection experiments. The acetal degradation of PEI-g-(TMB-THME)(9) was shown to be highly pH dependent in which half lives of 1.3, 2.8 and 11 h were determined for pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0, respectively, while negligible hydrolysis (<12%) was observed after 24 h at pH 7.4. Gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyses indicated that polyplexes formed at an N/P ratio of 10/1 were dissociated following 5 h incubation at pH 5.0, highlighting the importance of hydrophobic TMB-THME moieties in DNA condensation and supporting that acetal hydrolysis in endosomes would facilitate DNA release. Notably, in vitro transfection experiments performed at N/P ratios of 10/1 and 20/1 in HeLa, 293T, HepG2 and KB cells using plasmid pGL3 expressing luciferase as the reporter gene showed that reversibly hydrophobilized PEIs had superior transfection activity to 25 kDa PEI control. For example, polyplexes of PEI-g-(TMB-THME)(14) showed about 235-fold and 175-fold higher transfection efficiency as compared to 10 kDa PEI in HeLa cells in serum-free and 10% serum media, respectively, which were approximately 7-fold and 16-fold higher than 25 kDa PEI formulation at its optimal N/P ratio under otherwise the same conditions. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) studies confirmed that PEI-g-(TMB-THME)(14) efficiently delivered Cy5-labeled DNA to the nuclei of HeLa cells. These endosomal pH-sensitive reversibly hydrophobilized PEIs have great potentials for safe and efficient non-viral gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Liu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
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46
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Truong NP, Jia Z, Burgess M, Payne L, McMillan NAJ, Monteiro MJ. Self-catalyzed degradable cationic polymer for release of DNA. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3540-8. [PMID: 21838265 DOI: 10.1021/bm2007423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The controlled release of siRNA or DNA complexes from cationic polymers is an important parameter design in polymer-based delivery carriers. In this work, we use the self-catalyzed degradable poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) (PDMAEA) to strongly bind, protect, and then release oligo DNA (a mimic for siRNA) without the need for a cellular or external trigger. This self-catalyzed hydrolysis process of PDMAEA forms poly(acrylic acid) and N,N'-dimethylamino ethyl ethanol, both of which have little or no toxicity to cells, and offers the advantage of little or no toxicity to off-target cells and tissues. We found that PDMAEA makes an ideal component of a delivery carrier by protecting the oligo DNA for a sufficiently long period of time to transfect most cells (80% transfection after 4 h) and then has the capacity to release the DNA inside the cells after ~10 h. The PDMAEA formed large nanoparticle complexes with oligo DNA of ~400 nm that protected the oligo DNA from DNase in serum. The nanoparticle complexes showed no toxicity for all molecular weights at a nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) ratio of 10. Only the higher molecular weight polymers at very high N/P ratios of 200 showed significant levels of cytotoxicity. These attributes make PDMAEA a promising candidate as a component in the design of a gene delivery carrier without the concern about accumulated toxicity of nanoparticles in the human body after multiadministration, an issue that has become increasingly more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghia P Truong
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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47
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Shi J, Johnson RN, Schellinger JG, Carlson PM, Pun SH. Reducible HPMA-co-oligolysine copolymers for nucleic acid delivery. Int J Pharm 2011; 427:113-22. [PMID: 21893178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradability can be incorporated into cationic polymers via use of disulfide linkages that are degraded in the reducing environment of the cell cytosol. In this work, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and methacrylamido-functionalized oligo-l-lysine peptide monomers with either a non-reducible 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHX) linker or a reducible 3-[(2-aminoethyl)dithiol] propionic acid (AEDP) linker were copolymerized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Both of the copolymers and a 1:1 (w/w) mixture of copolymers with reducible and non-reducible peptides were complexed with DNA to form polyplexes. The polyplexes were tested for salt stability, transfection efficiency, and cytotoxicity. The HPMA-oligolysine copolymer containing the reducible AEDP linkers was less efficient at transfection than the non-reducible polymer and was prone to flocculation in saline and serum-containing conditions, but was also not cytotoxic at charge ratios tested. Optimal transfection efficiency and toxicity were attained with mixed formulation of copolymers. Flow cytometry uptake studies indicated that blocking extracellular thiols did not restore transfection efficiency and that the decreased transfection of the reducible polyplex is therefore not primarily caused by extracellular polymer reduction by free thiols. The decrease in transfection efficiency of the reducible polymers could be partially mitigated by the addition of low concentrations of EDTA to prevent metal-catalyzed oxidation of reduced polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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48
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Sun H, Xiang J, Liu Y, Li L, Li Q, Xu G, Tang Y. A stabilizing and denaturing dual-effect for natural polyamines interacting with G-quadruplexes depending on concentration. Biochimie 2011; 93:1351-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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49
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Zhang S, Gu Z, Hao Y, Zhang M, Ni P. Synthesis of double-hydrophilic block copolymers via combination of oxyanion-initiated polymerization and polymer reaction for fabricating magnetic target gene carrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Truong NP, Jia Z, Burges M, McMillan NAJ, Monteiro MJ. Self-Catalyzed Degradation of Linear Cationic Poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate) in Water. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1876-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nghia P. Truong
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Melinda Burges
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nigel A. J. McMillan
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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