1
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Rojas-Torres M, Sánchez-Gomar I, Rosal-Vela A, Beltrán-Camacho L, Eslava-Alcón S, Alonso-Piñeiro JÁ, Martín-Ramírez J, Moreno-Luna R, Durán-Ruiz MC. Assessment of endothelial colony forming cells delivery routes in a murine model of critical limb threatening ischemia using an optimized cell tracking approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:266. [PMID: 35729651 PMCID: PMC9210810 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), alone or in combination with mesenchymal stem cells, have been selected as potential therapeutic candidates for critical limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), mainly for those patients considered as “no-option,” due to their capability to enhance revascularization and perfusion recovery of ischemic tissues. Nevertheless, prior to translating cell therapy to the clinic, biodistribution assays are required by regulatory guidelines to ensure biosafety as well as to discard undesired systemic translocations. Different approaches, from imaging technologies to qPCR-based methods, are currently applied. Methods In the current study, we have optimized a cell-tracking assay based on DiR fluorescent cell labeling and near-infrared detection for in vivo and ex vivo assays. Briefly, an improved protocol for DiR staining was set up, by incubation of ECFCs with 6.67 µM DiR and intensive washing steps prior cell administration. The minimal signal detected for the residual DiR, remaining after these washes, was considered as a baseline signal to estimate cell amounts correlated to the DiR intensity values registered in vivo. Besides, several assays were also performed to determine any potential effect of DiR over ECFCs functionality. Furthermore, the optimized protocol was applied in combination with qPCR amplification of specific human Alu sequences to assess the final distribution of ECFCs after intramuscular or intravenous administration to a murine model of CLTI. Results The optimized DiR labeling protocol indicated that ECFCs administered intramuscularly remained mainly within the hind limb muscle while cells injected intravenously were found in the spleen, liver and lungs. Conclusion Overall, the combination of DiR labeling and qPCR analysis in biodistribution assays constitutes a highly sensitive approach to systemically track cells in vivo. Thereby, human ECFCs administered intramuscularly to CLTI mice remained locally within the ischemic tissues, while intravenously injected cells were found in several organs. Our data corroborate the need to perform biodistribution assays in order to define specific parameters such as the optimal delivery route for ECFCs before their application into the clinic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02943-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rojas-Torres
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosal-Vela
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lucía Beltrán-Camacho
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sara Eslava-Alcón
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Ángel Alonso-Piñeiro
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Moreno-Luna
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Mª Carmen Durán-Ruiz
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain. .,Institute of Research and Innovation in Biomedical Sciences of Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
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2
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Zeng Y, Xiong Y, Yang T, Wang Y, Zeng J, Zhou S, Luo Y, Li L. Icariin and its metabolites as potential protective phytochemicals against cardiovascular disease: From effects to molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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3
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Cell-based therapies for vascular regeneration: Past, present and future. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107976. [PMID: 34480961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue vascularization remains one of the outstanding challenges in regenerative medicine. Beyond its role in circulating oxygen and nutrients, the vasculature is critical for organ development, function and homeostasis. Importantly, effective vascular regeneration is key in generating large 3D tissues for regenerative medicine applications to enable the survival of cells post-transplantation, organ growth, and integration into the host system. Therefore, the absence of clinically applicable means of (re)generating vessels is one of the main obstacles in cell replacement therapy. In this review, we highlight cell-based vascularization strategies which demonstrate clinical potential, discuss their strengths and limitations and highlight the main obstacles hindering cell-based therapeutic vascularization.
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4
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Marinescu CI, Preda MB, Neculachi CA, Rusu EG, Popescu S, Burlacu A. Identification of a Hematopoietic Cell Population Emerging From Mouse Bone Marrow With Proliferative Potential In Vitro and Immunomodulatory Capacity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698070. [PMID: 34413852 PMCID: PMC8368722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is continuing interest in therapeutic applications of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Unlike human counterparts, mouse MSC are difficult to propagate in vitro due to their contamination with adherent hematopoietic cells that overgrow the cultures. Here we investigated the properties of these contaminating cells, referred to as bone marrow-derived proliferating hematopoietic cells (BM-PHC). The results showed that both BM-PHC and MSC had strong immunomodulatory properties on T cells in vitro, with PGE2 and NO involved in this mechanism. However, BM-PHC were stronger immunomodulators than MSC, with CCL-6 identified as putative molecule responsible for superior effects. In vivo studies showed that, in contrast to BM-PHC, MSC endorsed a more rapid xenograft tumor rejection, thus indicating a particular context in which only MSC therapy would produce positive outcomes. In conclusion, bone marrow contains two cell populations with immunomodulatory properties, which are valuable sources for therapeutic studies in specific disease-relevant contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina-Iolanda Marinescu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Bogdan Preda
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Alexandra Neculachi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Evelyn Gabriela Rusu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sinziana Popescu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Burlacu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Popescu S, Preda MB, Marinescu CI, Simionescu M, Burlacu A. Dual Stem Cell Therapy Improves the Myocardial Recovery Post-Infarction through Reciprocal Modulation of Cell Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115631. [PMID: 34073327 PMCID: PMC8199446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for regenerative therapy of the infarcted heart. However, poor cell retention within the transplantation site limits their potential. We hypothesized that MSC benefits could be enhanced through a dual-cell approach using jointly endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) and MSC. To assess this, we comparatively evaluated the effects of the therapy with MSC and ECFC versus MSC-only in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Heart function was assessed by echocardiography, and the molecular crosstalk between MSC and ECFC was evaluated in vitro through direct or indirect co-culture systems. We found that dual-cell therapy improved cardiac function in terms of ejection fraction and stroke volume. In vitro experiments showed that ECFC augmented MSC effector properties by increasing Connexin 43 and Integrin alpha-5 and the secretion of healing-associated molecules. Moreover, MSC prompted the organization of ECFC into vascular networks. This indicated a reciprocal modulation in the functionality of MSC and ECFC. In conclusion, the crosstalk between MSC and ECFC augments the therapeutic properties of MSC and enhances the angiogenic properties of ECFC. Our data consolidate the dual-cell therapy as a step forward for the development of effective treatments for patients affected by myocardial infarction.
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6
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Berndt R, Albrecht M, Rusch R. Strategies to Overcome the Barrier of Ischemic Microenvironment in Cell Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052312. [PMID: 33669136 PMCID: PMC7956787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of various immune cell types are promising approaches for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Major limitation of these so-called Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) is the ischemic microenvironment affecting cell homeostasis and limiting the demanded effect of the transplanted cell products. Accordingly, different clinical and experimental strategies have been evolved to overcome these obstacles. Here, we give a short review of the different experimental and clinical strategies to solve these issues due to ischemic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Berndt
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Vascular Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0431)-500-22033; Fax: +49-(0431)-500-22024
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - René Rusch
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Vascular Research Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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7
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Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Ischemic Disease: Strategies to Improve their Regenerative Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197406. [PMID: 33036489 PMCID: PMC7582994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises a range of major clinical cardiac and circulatory diseases, which produce immense health and economic burdens worldwide. Currently, vascular regenerative surgery represents the most employed therapeutic option to treat ischemic disorders, even though not all the patients are amenable to surgical revascularization. Therefore, more efficient therapeutic approaches are urgently required to promote neovascularization. Therapeutic angiogenesis represents an emerging strategy that aims at reconstructing the damaged vascular network by stimulating local angiogenesis and/or promoting de novo blood vessel formation according to a process known as vasculogenesis. In turn, circulating endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent truly endothelial precursors, which display high clonogenic potential and have the documented ability to originate de novo blood vessels in vivo. Therefore, ECFCs are regarded as the most promising cellular candidate to promote therapeutic angiogenesis in patients suffering from CVD. The current briefly summarizes the available information about the origin and characterization of ECFCs and then widely illustrates the preclinical studies that assessed their regenerative efficacy in a variety of ischemic disorders, including acute myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, ischemic brain disease, and retinopathy. Then, we describe the most common pharmacological, genetic, and epigenetic strategies employed to enhance the vasoreparative potential of autologous ECFCs by manipulating crucial pro-angiogenic signaling pathways, e.g., extracellular-signal regulated kinase/Akt, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Ca2+ signaling. We conclude by discussing the possibility of targeting circulating ECFCs to rescue their dysfunctional phenotype and promote neovascularization in the presence of CVD.
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8
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Combinatorial Inhibition of Cell Surface Receptors Using Dual Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoconstructs for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070689. [PMID: 32708267 PMCID: PMC7408393 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane receptors overexpressed in diseased states are considered novel therapeutic targets. However, the single targeting approach faces several fundamental issues, such as poor efficacy, resistance, and toxicity. Here, we report a dual-targeting strategy to enhance anti-cancer efficacy via synergistic proximity interactions between therapeutics and two receptor proteins. Importantly, we report the first finding of an interaction between c-Met and nucleolin and demonstrate the therapeutic value of targeting the interaction between them. Bispecific nanocarriers densely grafted with anti-c-Met and -nucleolin aptamer increased the local concentration of aptamers at the target sites, in addition to inducing target receptor clustering. It was also demonstrated that the simultaneous targeting of c-Met and nucleolin inhibited the cellular functions of the receptors and increased anti-cancer efficacy by altering the cell cycle. Our findings pave the way for the development of an effective combinatorial treatment based on nanoconstruct-mediated interaction between receptors.
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9
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Liao G, Zheng K, Shorr R, Allan DS. Human endothelial colony-forming cells in regenerative therapy: A systematic review of controlled preclinical animal studies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1344-1352. [PMID: 32681814 PMCID: PMC7581447 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs) hold significant promise as candidates for regenerative therapy of vascular injury. Existing studies remain largely preclinical and exhibit marked design heterogeneity. A systematic review of controlled preclinical trials of human ECFCs is needed to guide future study design and to accelerate clinical translation. A systematic search of Medline and EMBASE on 1 April 2019 returned 3131 unique entries of which 66 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies used ECFCs derived from umbilical cord or adult peripheral blood. Studies used genetically modified immunodeficient mice (n = 52) and/or rats (n = 16). ECFC phenotypes were inconsistently characterized. While >90% of studies used CD31+ and CD45−, CD14− was demonstrated in 73% of studies, CD146+ in 42%, and CD10+ in 35%. Most disease models invoked ischemia. Peripheral vascular ischemia (n = 29), central nervous system ischemia (n = 14), connective tissue injury (n = 10), and cardiovascular ischemia and reperfusion injury (n = 7) were studied most commonly. Studies showed predominantly positive results; only 13 studies reported ≥1 outcome with null results, three reported only null results, and one reported harm. Quality assessment with SYRCLE revealed potential sources of bias in most studies. Preclinical ECFC studies are associated with benefit across several ischemic conditions in animal models, although combining results is limited by marked heterogeneity in study design. In particular, characterization of ECFCs varied and aspects of reporting introduced risk of bias in most studies. More studies with greater focus on standardized cell characterization and consistency of the disease model are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Liao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katina Zheng
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Information Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Clinical Epidemiology and Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Chen S, Wang Z, Zhou H, He B, Hu D, Jiang H. Icariin reduces high glucose-induced endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction via inhibiting the p38/CREB pathway and activating the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4774-4780. [PMID: 31772646 PMCID: PMC6861942 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG) impairs endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function. The activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the inhibition of the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway serve central roles in this process. Icariin has protective effects in endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of icariin on HG-induced EPC dysfunction, including proliferation, migration and tube formation. Experiments were performed with EPCs isolated from the femurs and tibias of Sprague-Dawley rats in vitro. In a dose-dependent manner, icariin reversed the inhibition of EPC proliferation induced by HG treatment, and the maximal effective concentration of icariin was 1 µM [Fold change (FC):0.90±0.07, P=0.0124 vs. HG group]. The impaired EPC migration and tube formation induced by glucose was partially restored by 1 µM icariin treatment (FC: 0.81±0.08, P=0.0148 vs. HG group for migration; 0.82±0.03, P=0.0214 vs. HG group for tube formation). Furthermore, icariin significantly suppressed HG-induced p38 and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in EPCs (FC: 1.84±0.21, P=0.0238 vs. HG group for p38; FC: 2.24±0.15, P=0.0068 vs. HG group for CREB). Increased Akt and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activation was also observed after icariin treatment (FC: 0.64±0.08, P=0.0047 vs. HG group for Akt; FC:0.53±0.05, P=0.0019 vs. HG group for eNOS), which was followed by increased NO production (FC: 0.69±0.06, P=0.0064 vs. HG group). In conclusion, icariin attenuated HG-induced EPC dysfunction, which may be partially attributed to the inhibition of the p38/CREB pathway and the activation of the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway. Icariin may be a therapeutic candidate for improving the function of EPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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11
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Berndt R. Transplantation von reprogrammierten Zellen monozytären Ursprungs. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-019-0310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Keighron C, Lyons CJ, Creane M, O'Brien T, Liew A. Recent Advances in Endothelial Progenitor Cells Toward Their Use in Clinical Translation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:354. [PMID: 30619864 PMCID: PMC6305310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) by Asahara and colleagues in 1997, an increasing number of preclinical studies have shown that EPC based therapy is feasible, safe, and efficacious in multiple disease states. Subsequently, this has led to several, mainly early phase, clinical trials demonstrating the feasibility and safety profile of EPC therapy, with the suggestion of efficacy in several conditions including ischemic heart disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension and decompensated liver cirrhosis. Despite the use of the common term “EPC,” the characteristics, manufacturing methods and subset of the cell type used in these studies often vary significantly, rendering clinical translation challenging. It has recently been acknowledged that the true EPC is the endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC). The objective of this review was to summarize and critically appraise the registered and published clinical studies using the term “EPC,” which encompasses a heterogeneous cell population, as a therapeutic agent. Furthermore, the preclinical data using ECFC from the PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched and analyzed. We noted that despite the promising effect of ECFC on vascular regeneration, no clinical study has stemmed from these preclinical studies. We showed that there is a lack of information registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov for EPC clinical trials, specifically on cell culture methods. We also highlighted the importance of a detailed definition of the cell type used in EPC clinical trials to facilitate comparisons between trials and better understanding of the potential clinical benefit of EPC based therapy. We concluded our review by discussing the potential and limitations of EPC based therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Keighron
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Caomhán J Lyons
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Creane
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aaron Liew
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Rosca AM, Mitroi DN, Cismasiu V, Badea R, Necula-Petrareanu G, Preda MB, Niculite C, Tutuianu R, Szedlacsek S, Burlacu A. Collagen regulates the ability of endothelial progenitor cells to protect hypoxic myocardium through a mechanism involving miR-377/VE-PTP axis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4700-4708. [PMID: 30044046 PMCID: PMC6156385 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to employ stem/progenitor cells in the cardiovascular remodelling after myocardial infarction is one of the main queries of regenerative medicine. To investigate whether endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in the restoration of hypoxia-affected myocardium, we used a co-culture model that allowed the intimate interaction between EPCs and myocardial slices, mimicking stem cell transplantation into the ischaemic heart. On this model, we showed that EPCs engrafted to some extent and only transiently survived into the host tissue, yet produced visible protective effects, in terms of angiogenesis and protection against apoptosis and identified miR-377-VE-PTP axis as being involved in the protective effects of EPCs in hypoxic myocardium. We also showed that collagen, the main component of the myocardial scar, was important for these protective effects by preserving VE-PTP levels, which were otherwise diminished by miR-377. By this, a good face of the scar is revealed, which was so far perceived as having only detrimental impact on the exogenously delivered stem/progenitor cells by affecting not only the engraftment, but also the general protective effects of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Rosca
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Nicolae Mitroi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Rodica Badea
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Mihai Bogdan Preda
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Raluca Tutuianu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Szedlacsek
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Burlacu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Berndt R, Hummitzsch L, Heß K, Albrecht M, Zitta K, Rusch R, Sarras B, Bayer A, Cremer J, Faendrich F, Groß J. Allogeneic transplantation of programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) improves angiogenesis and tissue recovery in critical limb ischemia (CLI): a translational approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:117. [PMID: 29703251 PMCID: PMC5921555 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKROUND Employing growth factor-induced partial reprogramming in vitro, peripheral human blood monocytes can acquire a state of plasticity along with expression of various markers of pluripotency. These so-called programmable cells of monocytic origin (PCMO) hold great promise in regenerative therapies. The aim of this translational study was to explore and exploit the functional properties of PCMO for allogeneic cell transplantation therapy in critical limb ischemia (CLI). METHODS Using our previously described differentiation protocol, murine and human monocytes were differentiated into PCMO. We examined paracrine secretion of pro-angiogenic and tissue recovery-associated proteins under hypoxia and induction of angiogenesis by PCMO in vitro. Allogeneic cell transplantation of PCMO was performed in a hind limb ischemia mouse model in comparison to cell transplantation of native monocytes and a placebo group. Moreover, we analyzed retrospectively four healing attempts with PCMO in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD; Rutherford classification, stage 5 and 6). Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test or the Student's t test, p < 0.05. RESULTS Cell culture experiments revealed good resilience of PCMO under hypoxia, enhanced paracrine release of pro-angiogenic and tissue recovery-associated proteins and induction of angiogenesis in vitro by PCMO. Animal experiments demonstrated significantly enhanced SO2 saturation, blood flow, neoangiogenesis and tissue recovery after treatment with PCMO compared to treatment with native monocytes and placebo. Finally, first therapeutic application of PCMO in humans demonstrated increased vascular collaterals and improved wound healing in patients with chronic CLI without exaggerated immune response, malignant processes or extended infection after 12 months. In all patients minor and/or major amputations of the lower extremity could be avoided. CONCLUSIONS In summary, PCMO improve angiogenesis and tissue recovery in chronic ischemic muscle and first clinical results promise to provide an effective and safe treatment of CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Berndt
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Lars Hummitzsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Heß
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karina Zitta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rene Rusch
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beke Sarras
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Cremer
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Faendrich
- Department of Applied Cell Therapy, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Groß
- Department of Cardiaovascular Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Hs 18, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
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Berndt R, Albrecht M. Reprogrammierte Monozyten in der kardiovaskulären Therapie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-017-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Evaluation of the Ability of Nanostructured PEI-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Incorporate Cisplatin during Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7100314. [PMID: 29023373 PMCID: PMC5666479 DOI: 10.3390/nano7100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have a high potential for biological applications as they can be used as carriers for the controlled release of bioactive factors. Here we focused on poly(ethylenimine) (PEI)-coated iron oxide hybrid NPs obtained by hydrothermal synthesis in high pressure conditions and evaluated their behavior in culture medium in the presence or absence of cells, as well as their ability to incorporate antitumor drug cisplatin. Our results showed that the hydrothermal conditions used for Fe-PEI NPs synthesis allowed the incorporation of cisplatin, which even increased its anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, the commonly occurring phenomenon of NPs aggregation in culture medium was exploited for further entrapment of other active molecules, such as the fluorescent dye DiI and valinomycin. The molecules bound to NPs during synthesis or during aggregation process were delivered inside various cells after in vitro and in vivo direct contact between cells and NPs and their biological activity was preserved, thus supporting the therapeutic value of Fe-PEI NPs as drug delivery tools.
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17
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Li R, Pang Z, He H, Lee S, Qin J, Wu J, Pang L, Wang J, Yang VC. Drug depot-anchoring hydrogel: A self-assembling scaffold for localized drug release and enhanced stem cell differentiation. J Control Release 2017; 261:234-245. [PMID: 28694033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Localized and long-term delivery of growth factors has been a long-standing challenge for stem cell-based tissue engineering. In the current study, a polymeric drug depot-anchoring hydrogel scaffold was developed for the sustained release of macromolecules to enhance the differentiation of stem cells. Self-assembling peptide (RADA16)-modified drug depots (RDDs) were prepared and anchored to a RADA16 hydrogel. The anchoring effect of RADA16 modification on the RDDs was tested both in vitro and in vivo. It was shown that the in vitro leakage of RDDs from the RADA16 hydrogel was significantly less than that of the unmodified drug depots (DDs). In addition, the in vivo retention of injected hydrogel-incorporated RDDs was significantly longer than that of hydrogel-incorporated unmodified DDs. A model drug, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), was encapsulated in RDDs (V-RDDs) as drug depot that was then anchored to the hydrogel. The release of VEGF could be sustained for 4weeks. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were cultured on the V-RDDs-anchoring scaffold and enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation were observed, compared with a VEGF-loaded scaffold. Furthermore, this scaffold laden with EPCs promoted neovascularization in an animal model of hind limb ischemia. These results demonstrate that self-assembling hydrogel-anchored drug-loaded RDDs are promising for localized and sustained drug release, and can effectively enhance the proliferation and differentiation of resident stem cells, thus lead to successful tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Seungjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women's University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Victor C Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA.
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Fakoya AOJ. New Delivery Systems of Stem Cells for Vascular Regeneration in Ischemia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:7. [PMID: 28286751 PMCID: PMC5323391 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The finances of patients and countries are increasingly overwhelmed with the plague of cardiovascular diseases as a result of having to chronically manage the associated complications of ischemia such as heart failures, neurological deficits, chronic limb ulcers, gangrenes, and amputations. Hence, scientific research has sought for alternate therapies since pharmacological and surgical treatments have fallen below expectations in providing the desired quality of life. The advent of stem cells research has raised expectations with respect to vascular regeneration and tissue remodeling, hence assuring the patients of the possibility of an improved quality of life. However, these supposed encouraging results have been short-lived as the retention, survival, and engraftment rates of these cells appear to be inadequate; hence, the long-term beneficial effects of these cells cannot be ascertained. These drawbacks have led to the relentless research into better ways to deliver stem cells or angiogenic factors (which mobilize stem cells) to the regions of interest to facilitate increased retention, survival, engraftment, and regeneration. This review considered methods, such as the use of scaffolds, retrograde coronary delivery, improved combinations, stem cell pretreatment, preconditioning, stem cell exosomes, mannitol, magnet, and ultrasound-enhanced delivery, homing techniques, and stem cell modulation. Furthermore, the study appraised the possibility of a combination therapy of stem cells and macrophages, considering the enormous role macrophages play in repair, remodeling, and angiogenesis.
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Gumina DL, Su EJ. Endothelial Progenitor Cells of the Human Placenta and Fetoplacental Circulation: A Potential Link to Fetal, Neonatal, and Long-term Health. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:41. [PMID: 28361046 PMCID: PMC5350128 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetoplacental circulation plays a key role in both short- and long-term outcomes, and aberrant flow indices as manifested by abnormal fetal Doppler velocimetry within this compartment have been associated with significant adverse consequences. These include fetal growth restriction, which often coexists with preeclampsia, and long-lasting medical issues as a result of both the underlying pathology and prematurity such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic lung disease, and neurodevelopmental delay. Furthermore, it is also clear that exposure to an abnormal in utero environment increases risk for long-term, adulthood issues such as cardiovascular disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, and they have been isolated from both human placenta and umbilical cord blood. This review outlines the extensive nomenclature of EPCs, summarizes existing literature surrounding human placental and umbilical cord blood EPCs, explores their potential role in pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcome, and highlights key areas where future investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Gumina
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Emily J Su
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
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Odent Grigorescu G, Rosca AM, Preda MB, Tutuianu R, Simionescu M, Burlacu A. Synergic effects of VEGF-A and SDF-1 on the angiogenic properties of endothelial progenitor cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:3241-3252. [PMID: 27943613 DOI: 10.1002/term.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigated the impact of hypoxic environment on the angiogenic properties of early-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), with particular focus on the role of secreted vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in mediating these effects. We found that cultured EPCs secreted factors with paracrine effects on chemotaxis, migration, proliferation and tube formation of mature endothelial cells (ECs), and these properties were not affected by hypoxia. Depletion of VEGF-A did not change the ability of EPC-conditioned medium (CM) to promote EC migration and tube formation in vitro, suggesting that the pro-angiogenic paracrine effects of EPCs did not totally rely on the presence of VEGF-A. These findings were confirmed by in vivo experiments, on a mouse model of hind limb ischaemia, which showed that VEGF-depleted EPC-CM sustained tissue perfusion at the same level as complete EPC-CM. However, concomitant deletion of VEGF-A and SDF-1 in EPC-CM impaired the pro-angiogenic properties of EPC-CM, by inhibition of EC spreading in culture, tube-like structure formation on Matrigel support, in vivo neovessels formation and ischaemic hind limb regeneration. Taken together, our data demonstrate that: (i) hypoxia does not affect the capacity of EPCs to support the angiogenic process; (ii) the absence of either VEGF-A or SDF-1 from EPC-CM can be rescued by the presence of the other one, so that the overall angiogenic effects remain unchanged; and (iii) and the concomitant deletion of VEGF-A and SDF-1 from EPC-CM impairs its pro-angiogenic effect, both in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana-Maria Rosca
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu', Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Bogdan Preda
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu', Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Tutuianu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu', Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu', Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Burlacu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology 'Nicolae Simionescu', Bucharest, Romania
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Impact of transduction towards the proliferation and migration as well as the transduction efficiency of human umbilical cord-derived late endothelial progenitor cells with nine recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1073-9. [PMID: 26976431 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the transduction efficiency of human umbilical cord-derived, late endothelial progenitor cells late (HUCB-late EPCs) with nine recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotypes and the ability of proliferation and migration of the cells after transduction. RESULTS rAAV2 and rAAV6 showed a greater ability than other serotypes to transduce late EPCs (P < 0.05). After transduction, cell proliferation ability weakened (P < 0.05), but the ability of migration to stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1) unchanged. CONCLUSION There is an advantage of choosing the optimal rAAV serotype as a gene vector to alter the biologic characteristics of late EPCs.
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