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Wu H, Lv Y, Zhao M, Tang R, Li Y, Fang K, Wei F, Ge W, Du W, Li C, Zhang Y. Study on the substance basis of the efficacy of eucommiae cortex before and after salt processing for the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome based on the spectrum-effect relationship. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116926. [PMID: 37479066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is one of the common diseases of the elderly and closely related to the ageing of the body, it has a major impact on the quality of life of the patient. Eucommiae Cortex (EC) is the dried bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Which has the effect of tonifying the liver and kidneys, strengthening the muscles and bones. In Traditional Chinese Medicine clinics, EC is commonly used in the treatment of KYDS, but the material basis for the improvement of its efficacy in treating KYDS after salt processing remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to find the main active ingredients that could improve the treatment of KYDS efficacy of EC after salt processing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, the fingerprints of raw and salt-processed EC were established to determine the common components by using HPLC, and then an experimental study on the treatment of KYDS efficacy was carried out to compare the difference in the efficacy between raw and salt-processed EC. Thirdly, the spectrum-effect relationship of chemical components and pharmacodynamic indexes was established by using Grey Relational Analysis and Entropy Method. Finally, the network pharmacology and molecular docking technique was used to verify the kidney tonifying effect of the active ingredients of EC. RESULTS According to the results of the analysis of hormonal index levels on the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis and the extent of renal lesions, the therapeutic effect of EC on KYDS was mainly reflected in the regulation of the Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Corticosterone in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and Tri-iodothyronine, Tetra-iodothyronine in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, moreover the therapeutic effect of salt-processed EC was stronger than that of raw EC. The pharmacologically active ingredients that improved its treatment of KYDS efficacy after salt processing were peak 1 (geniposidic acid), peak 2 (chlorogenic acid), peak 5 (geniposide), peak 6 (genipin), peak 7 (pinoresinol diglucoside) and peak 11 (hyperoside). Meanwhile, the results of network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that the 6 active ingredients could exert kidney tonic effects through multiple signaling pathways by acting on core targets such as AKT1 and PTGS2. CONCLUSION As far as we known, this was the first time to establish and compare the spectrum-effect relationship between raw and salt-processed EC, which laid the foundation for the pharmacokinetics studies of EC and provided a reference for future EC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangsha Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Yue Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Mingfang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Yafei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Keer Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Feiyang Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China
| | - Weihong Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, PR China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Chinese Medicine Yinpian Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 311401, PR China.
| | - Changyu Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Yefeng Zhang
- Ningbo Chinese Medicine Yinpian Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315336, PR China
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Liu M, Zhang L, Li J, Xu G, Zong W, Wang L. Effects of lactic acid bacteria on antioxidant activity in vitro and aroma component of Eucommia ulmoides tea. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:169-177. [PMID: 38192710 PMCID: PMC10771573 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides tea is a popular functional health drink in Asian countries, but its unique herbal aroma is difficult for consumers to accept. The effects of four lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus plantarium, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus) fermentation on the physicochemical property, antioxidant activity in vitro and aroma component of E. ulmoides leaves were studied. Within the four strains, the sample by L. bulgaricus fermentation showed the higher concentrations of chlorogenic acid, geniposidic acid and stronger antioxidant activity in vitro. Moreover, the sample by L. bulgaricus fermentation produced a stronger fruity and floral flavor. These results suggested that L. bulgaricus was the best strain for fermentation E. ulmoides tea. The differences between different strains should be considered when selecting lactic acid bacteria for raw material fermentation of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengpei Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhenzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Libing Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhenzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhenzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaigai Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhenzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhenzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou, 450002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450003 People’s Republic of China
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Xu Y, Bi WD, Shi YX, Liang XR, Wang HY, Lai XL, Bian XL, Guo ZY. Derivation and elimination of uremic toxins from kidney-gut axis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1123182. [PMID: 37650112 PMCID: PMC10464841 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1123182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic toxins are chemicals, organic or inorganic, that accumulate in the body fluids of individuals with acute or chronic kidney disease and impaired renal function. More than 130 uremic solutions are included in the most comprehensive reviews to date by the European Uremic Toxins Work Group, and novel investigations are ongoing to increase this number. Although approaches to remove uremic toxins have emerged, recalcitrant toxins that injure the human body remain a difficult problem. Herein, we review the derivation and elimination of uremic toxins, outline kidney-gut axis function and relative toxin removal methods, and elucidate promising approaches to effectively remove toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Di Bi
- Brigade One Team, Basic Medical College, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Rui Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Li Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jiang P, Zhang Y, Li X, Chen J. Geniposidic acid attenuates DSS-induced colitis through inhibiting inflammation and regulating gut microbiota. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3453-3466. [PMID: 37098758 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Geniposidic acid (GPA) is a bioactive compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) that has long been used to treat arthritis, jaundice, and hypertension. However, the therapeutic effects of GPA against colitis remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effect of GPA on the remission of colitis and the underlying mechanisms. A DSS-induced colitis mouse model was used to evaluate the influence of GPA on the modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Our results indicated that GPA improved DSS-induced mouse colitis, including loss of body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and colonic pathological damage. DSS-induced destruction of the intestinal barrier was also significantly repaired by GPA treatment. In addition, the relative levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, were markedly alleviated by GPA. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that GPA downregulated the protein expression of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. Finally, we first demonstrated that GPA could alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice with colitis by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the therapeutic and protective effects of GPA on IBD and provides novel insights into the prevention of colitis by targeting gut microbiota metabolism using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changchun People's Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Junyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Guo F, Yang Y, Duan Y, Li C, Gao H, Liu H, Cui Q, Guo Z, Liu X, Wang Z. Quality Marker Discovery and Quality Evaluation of Eucommia ulmoides Pollen Using UPLC-QTOF-MS Combined with a DPPH-HPLC Antioxidant Activity Screening Method. Molecules 2023; 28:5288. [PMID: 37446949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen, as an important component of Eucommia ulmoides (EUP), is rich in nutrients and is receiving increasing attention. At present, there are no reports on research related to the chemical composition and quality standards of EUP, and there are significant quality differences and counterfeit phenomena in the market. This study used a UPLC-QTOF-MS system to identify 49 chemical components in EUP for the first time. In the second step, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-HPLC antioxidant activity screening technology was used to identify the main active components of EUP, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (QSH), quercetin-3-O-sambubioside (QSB), and quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside (QNH), and their purification, preparation, and structure identification were carried out. Third, molecular docking was used to predict the activity of these components. Fourth, the intracellular ROS generation model of RAW264.7 induced by H2O2 was used to verify and evaluate the activity of candidate active ingredients to determine their feasibility as Q-markers. Finally, a quality control method for EUP was constructed using the three selected components as Q-markers. The identification of chemical components and the discovery, prediction, and confirmation of characteristic Q-markers in EUP provide important references for better research on EUP and the effective evaluation and control of its quality. This approach provides a new model for the quality control of novel foods or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqian Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yichun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Duan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiping Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhongyuan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Wang YN, Miao H, Hua MR, Yang JZ, Pei M, Yu HX, Wei LJ, Zou L, Zhang YM, Cao G, Zhao YY. Moshen granule ameliorates membranous nephropathy by blocking intrarenal renin-angiotensin system signalling via the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154763. [PMID: 37001295 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the cardinal causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults, but an adequate treatment regimen is lacking. PURPOSE We assessed the effect of Moshen granule (MSG) on patients with MN and cationic bovine serum albumin (CBSA)-induced rats. We further identified the bioactive components of MSG and revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of its renoprotective effects. METHODS We determined the effect of MSG on patients with MN and CBSA-induced rats and its components on podocyte injury in zymosan-activated serum (ZAS)-elicited podocytes and revealed their regulatory mechanism on the Wnt/β-catenin/renin-angiotensin system (RAS) signalling axis. RESULTS MSG treatment improved renal function and reduced proteinuria in MN patients and significantly reduced proteinuria and preserved the protein expression of podocin, nephrin, podocalyxin and synaptopodin in CBSA-induced MN rats. Mechanistically, MSG treatment significantly inhibited the protein expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, which was accompanied by inhibition of the protein expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin and its downstream gene products, including Snail1, Twist, matrix metalloproteinase-7, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and fibroblast-specific protein 1, in CBSA-induced MN rats. We further identified 81 compounds, including astragaloside IV (AGS), calycosin, barleriside A and geniposidic acid, that preserve the podocyte-specific protein expression in ZAS-induced podocytes. Among these four compounds, AGS exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects on podocyte protein expression. AGS treatment significantly inhibited the protein expression of RAS components and Wnt1 and β-catenin and its downstream gene products in ZAS-induced podocytes. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of AGS on podocyte-specific proteins, β-catenin downstream gene products and RAS components was partially abolished in ZAS-induced podocytes treated with ICG-001 and β-catenin siRNA. CONCLUSION This study first demonstrates that AGS mitigates podocyte injury by inhibiting the activation of RAS signalling via the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway by both pharmacological and genetic methods. Therefore, AGS might be considered a new β-catenin inhibitor that inhibits the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway to retard MN in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Meng-Ru Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Yang
- Guangdong Nephrotic Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, No. 71 Dongpeng avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Changling Road, Tianjin 300073, China
| | - Hang-Xing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Changling Road, Tianjin 300073, China
| | - Li-Juan Wei
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Changling Road, Tianjin 300073, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Key disciplines of clinical pharmacy, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, No. 82 The Second Section of North 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Key disciplines of clinical pharmacy, Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, No. 82 The Second Section of North 2nd Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610081, China.
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Liang X, Zhou K, Li P, Wan D, Liu J, Yi X, Peng Y. Characteristics of endophytic bacteria and active ingredients in the Eucommiae cortex from different origins. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1164674. [PMID: 37266017 PMCID: PMC10229866 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the differences between Eucommiae cortex (EC) endophytic bacteria from different origins and their effects on the active ingredients of EC. Methods A total of 10 samples of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (E. ulmoides) bark were collected from each of the following four regions, namely, Zunyi in Guizhou (GZ), Baokang in Hubei (HUB), Cili in Hunan (HUN), and Loyang in Shaanxi (SX). Subsequently, the contents of the main active ingredients of EC were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and the endophytic bacteria of EC were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. The relationship between the dominant endophytic bacteria and the active ingredients was investigated by correlation analysis. Results A total of 4,551 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were delineated in the four groups of samples, of which 585, 439, 957, and 684 genera were annotated from GZ, HUB, HUN, and SX, respectively. The richness and diversity of endophytic bacteria from different origins were ranked as HUN > SX > GZ or HUB. The analysis demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between the diversity and richness of endophytic bacteria in EC and its active ingredients. Nevertheless, notable variations in the community structures of endophytic bacteria were observed across different origins, and they had a considerable impact on certain active ingredients in EC. Comamonas and Cedecea were the dominant genera. Characteristic bacteria of different origins could be clearly distinguished. Simultaneous, significant correlations had been identified between some characteristic endophytic bacteria derived from different origins and active ingredients of EC. For example, Delftia, a characteristic bacterium from GZ, showed a significant positive correlation with pinoresinol diglucoside. Paenibacillus and Klebsiella, two characteristic bacteria from HUB, exhibited significant positive correlations with geniposidic acid. Thauera, a characteristic bacterium from HUN, demonstrated a significant positive correlation with geniposide. Brevundimonas, a characteristic bacterium from SX, displayed a significant positive correlation with pinoresinol diglucoside. Conclusion There was a complex correlation between EC endophytic bacteria and active ingredient content, while EC endophytic bacteria from different origins had significant differences at the genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Liang
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yi
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanmei Peng
- Innovative Medicine Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Nishibe S, Oikawa H, Mitsui-Saitoh K, Sakai J, Zhang W, Fujikawa T. The Differences of Mechanisms in Antihypertensive and Anti-Obesity Effects of Eucommia Leaf Extract between Rodents and Humans. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041964. [PMID: 36838952 PMCID: PMC9965471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 1970s, Eucommia leaf tea, known as Tochu-cha in Japanese, was developed from roasted Eucommia leaves in Japan and is considered as a healthy tea. The antihypertensive, diuretic, anti-stress, insulin resistance improving, and anti-obesity effects of Eucommia leaf extract have been reported. However, the identification and properties of the active components as well as the underlying mechanism of action are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize studies involving the oral administration of geniposidic acid, a major iridoid component of Eucommia leaf extract which increases plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on the atria of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by activating the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). To achieve the antihypertensive effects of the Eucommia leaf extract through ANP secretion in humans, combining a potent cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) inhibitor, such as pinoresinol di-β-d-glucoside, with geniposidic acid may be necessary. Changes in the gut microbiota are an important aspect involved in the efficacy of asperuloside, another component of the Eucommia leaf extract, which improves obesity and related sequelae, such as insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. There are species differences of mechanisms associated with the antihypertensive and anti-obesity effects between rodents and humans, and not all animal test results are consistent with that of human studies. This review is focused on the mechanisms in antihypertensive and anti-obesity effects of the Eucommia leaf extract and summarizes the differences of mechanisms in their effects on rodents and humans based on our studies and those of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansei Nishibe
- Faculy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +81-11-812-5460
| | - Hirotaka Oikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan
| | - Kumiko Mitsui-Saitoh
- Faculty of Health and Sports, Nagoya Gakuin Unversity, 1350 Kamishinano, Seto 480-1298, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakai
- Faculty of Health and Sports, Nagoya Gakuin Unversity, 1350 Kamishinano, Seto 480-1298, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Faculty of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka-cho, Suzuka 510-0293, Mie, Japan
| | - Takahiko Fujikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3 Minamitamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan
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Yang R, Hu G, Jiang T, Liu Z, Liu Z, Li C, Guan Z. Eucommia Ulmoides Extracts Exert Protective Effect on Osteoporosis in Rats. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Our study proposed to probe the therapeutic effect of Eucommia ulmoides extracts (EUE) on osteoporosis in rats and the potential mechanism. Castrated osteoporosis model was constructed in rats, followed by orally administrated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg EUE per day for one and half
months, with sham animals as the negative control. The pathological conditions of femur were detected by HE staining, while the apoptotic state was evaluated by TUNEL. ELISA was utilized to measure the serum level of IL-6, calcium, and phosphorus. Significantly damaged bone trabecular structure
and aggravated apoptosis were observed in castrated osteoporosis model rats, which were markedly alleviated by the administration of EUE. Furthermore, compared to control, the serum level of phosphorus was greatly declined and the IL-6 level was dramatically increased in castrated osteoporosis
model rats, which were reversed by the administration of EUE. Taken together, EUE improved the pathological state of the femur tissue in osteoporosis rats by regulating the levels of phosphorus and IL-6 in serum and inhibited the apoptosis of the femur tissue cells, which effectively alleviated
the osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency.
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Yan D, Si W, Zhou X, Yang M, Chen Y, Chang Y, Lu Y, Liu J, Wang K, Yan M, Liu F, Li M, Wang X, Wu M, Tian Z, Sun H, Song X. Eucommia ulmoides bark extract reduces blood pressure and inflammation by regulating the gut microbiota and enriching the Parabacteroides strain in high-salt diet and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester induced mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:967649. [PMID: 36060766 PMCID: PMC9434109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.967649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major threat to human health. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EU) is a small tree and EU extract is widely used to improve hypertension in East Asia. However, its major constituents have poor absorption and stay in the gut for a long time. The role of the gut microbiota in the anti-hypertensive effects of EU is unclear. Here, we examined the anti-hypertensive effects of EU in high-salt diet and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced mice. After receiving EU for 6 weeks, the blood pressure was significantly reduced and the kidney injury was improved. Additionally, EU restored the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A, and renal IL-17A. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were influenced by administration of EU; 40 significantly upregulated and 107 significantly downregulated amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified after administration of EU. ASV403 (Parabacteroides) was selected as a potential anti-hypertensive ASV. Its closest strain XGB65 was isolated. Furthermore, animal studies confirmed that Parabacteroides strain XGB65 exerted anti-hypertensive effects, possibly by reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as renal IL-17A. Our study is the first to report that EU reduces blood pressure by regulating the gut microbiota, and it enriches the Parabacteroides strain, which exerts anti-hypertensive effects. These findings provide directions for developing novel anti-hypertensive treatments by combining probiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenhao Si
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuanhang Chen
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yahan Chang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yidan Lu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Moyu Yan
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Min Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minna Wu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Sun,
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Xiangfeng Song,
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