1
|
Sundelin T, Landry S, Axelsson J. Is snoozing losing? Why intermittent morning alarms are used and how they affect sleep, cognition, cortisol, and mood. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14054. [PMID: 37849039 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Pressing the snooze button is a common way to start the day, but little is known about this behaviour. Through two studies we determined predictors and effects of snoozing. In Study 1 (n = 1732) respondents described their waking habits, confirming that snoozing is widespread, especially in younger individuals and later chronotypes. Morning drowsiness and shorter sleep were also more common for those who snooze. Study 2 was a within-subjects laboratory study (with polysomnography) on habitual snoozers (n = 31), showing that 30 min of snoozing improved or did not affect performance on cognitive tests directly upon rising compared to an abrupt awakening. Bayes factors indicate varying strengths of this evidence. Snoozing resulted in about 6 min of lost sleep, while preventing awakenings from slow-wave sleep (N3). There were no clear effects of snoozing on the cortisol awakening response, morning sleepiness, mood, or overnight sleep architecture. A brief snooze period may thus help alleviate sleep inertia, without substantially disturbing sleep, for late chronotypes and those with morning drowsiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sundelin
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shane Landry
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Axelsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee SE, Choi Y, Oh Y, Lee D, Kim J, Hong S. Black Phosphorus-Based Reusable Biosensor Platforms for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Cortisol in Saliva. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11305-11314. [PMID: 38406866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A black phosphorus (BP)-based reusable biosensor platform is developed for the repeated and real-time detection of cortisol using antibody-conjugated magnetic particle (MP) structures as a refreshable receptor. Here, we took advantage of the low-noise characteristics of a mechanically exfoliated BP-based field-effect transistor (FET) and hybridized it with anti-cortisol antibody-functionalized MPs to build a highly sensitive cortisol sensor. This strategy allowed us to detect cortisol down to 1 aM in real time and discriminate cortisol from other hormones. In this case, we could easily remove MPs with used antibodies from the surface of a BP-FET and reuse the chip for up to eight repeated sensing operations. Moreover, since our platform could be fabricated using conventional photolithography techniques and the sensor can be reused multiple times, one should be able to significantly reduce operation costs for practical applications. Furthermore, this method could be utilized to detect different hormones with high sensitivity and selectivity in complex environments such as artificial saliva solutions. In this respect, our reusable BP-FET biosensing platform can be a powerful tool for versatile applications such as clinical diagnosis and basic biological analysis by conjugating various antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Choi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyeon Oh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryul Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamaguchi S, Fujita T, Kato S, Yoshimitsu Y, Ito YM, Yano R. Utility of salivary cortisol profile as a predictive biomarker in nurses' turnover risk: a preliminary study. J Physiol Anthropol 2024; 43:1. [PMID: 38167248 PMCID: PMC10759393 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting nurse turnover risk is crucial due to the global nursing shortage; however, existing predictors, such as fatigue and burnout, lack objectivity. Salivary cortisol is a non-invasive marker of stress and fatigue, but its utility in predicting nurse turnover risk is unknown. We examined whether salivary cortisol profiles across three different day shifts in a month are predictors of the extent of nurses' reluctance to stay in their current jobs. METHODS This preliminary longitudinal study followed forty female nurses who engaged in shift work at a university hospital for 3 months. Data at enrollment were collected including demographics, working conditions, chronic fatigue (the Japanese version of the Occupational Fatigue/Exhaustion Recovery Scale), and burnout (Japanese Burnout scale). Salivary cortisol was measured before the three different day shifts (after awakening) during the first month, and the means of these measurements were used as the cortisol profile. The extent of reluctance to stay was assessed using the numerical rating scale at 3 months. RESULTS Among the forty female nurses (mean [SD] age, 28.3 [5.1]), all completed follow-up and were included in the analysis. The cortisol profile was associated with the extent of reluctance to stay (P = 0.017), and this association was significant despite adjustments for chronic fatigue and burnout (P = 0.005). A multiple regression model with chronic fatigue, burnout, and job tenure explained 41.5% of the variation in reluctance to stay. When the cortisol profile was added to this model, the association of the cortisol profile was significant (P = 0.006) with an R2 of 0.529 (ΔR2 = 0.114). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study conducted in an actual clinical setting indicated the potential of the salivary cortisol profile across three different day shifts in a month to predict nurses' reluctance to stay in their current jobs. The combination of subjective indicators and the cortisol profile would be useful in predicting nurses' turnover risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yamaguchi
- Department of Nursing, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoichi M Ito
- Data Science Center, Promotion Unit, Institute of Health Science Innovation for Medical Care, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rika Yano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Caudwell KM, Baldini S, Calvezzi G, Graham A, Jackson K, Johansson I, Sines M, Lim LW, Aquili L. Learning bias predicts fear acquisition under stress but not cognitive flexibility. Physiol Behav 2023; 272:114384. [PMID: 37866645 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Individuals differ in their ability to learn from reinforcement and in avoiding punishment, which can be measured by the Probabilistic Selection Task (PST). Recently, some studies have demonstrated that this learning bias is regulated by the dopaminergic system, and that stress can differentially affect the use of positive (i.e., reinforcement) and negative (i.e., avoiding punishment) feedback. The current two studies examined whether performance on the PST can predict measures of goal-directed behaviour as assessed by a cognitive flexibility task (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and the acquisition of fear responses, when individuals are exposed to a stressor (Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test). A total of 26 and 59 healthy participants completed Experiments I and II, respectively. In those who were best at learning from reinforcement, stress increased the processing (i.e., higher skin conductance responses) of non-threatening stimuli during fear acquisition compared to the non-stressful condition, which was not recapitulated in those who were best at avoiding punishment. Additionally, PST performance did not interact with stress to modulate cognitive flexibility, although stress negatively impaired this domain, consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, independent of stress, both positive and negative learning biases were correlated with cognitive flexibility errors. Our results demonstrate that the PST has predictive value for better understanding the determinants of reinforcement and avoidance learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Caudwell
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Sara Baldini
- College of Health and Education, School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Gemma Calvezzi
- College of Health and Education, School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Aidan Graham
- College of Health and Education, School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Kasie Jackson
- College of Health and Education, School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Isabella Johansson
- College of Health and Education, School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Madeline Sines
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Luca Aquili
- College of Health and Education, School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karuppaiah G, Lee MH, Bhansali S, Manickam P. Electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection: Principles, designs, fabrication, and characterisation. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115600. [PMID: 37611448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major factor contributing to health discrepancies among individuals. Sustained exposure to stress triggers signalling pathways in the brain, which leading to the release of stress hormones in the body. Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is a significant biomarker for stress management due to its responsibility in the body's reply to stress. The release of cortisol in bloodstream prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism, and suppressing the immune system. Detecting cortisol in biological samples is crucial for understanding its role in stress and personalized healthcare. Traditional techniques for cortisol detection have limitations, prompting researchers to explore alternative strategies. Electrochemical sensing has emerged as a reliable method for point-of-care (POC) cortisol detection. This review focuses on the progress made in electrochemical sensors for cortisol detection, covering their design, principle, and electroanalytical methodologies. The analytical performance of these sensors is also analysed and summarized. Despite significant advancements, the development of electrochemical cortisol sensors faces challenges such as biofouling, sample preparation, sensitivity, flexibility, stability, and recognition layer performance. Therefore, the need to develop more sensitive electrodes and materials is emphasized. Finally, we discussed the potential strategies for electrode design and provides examples of sensing approaches. Moreover, the encounters of translating research into real world applications are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Karuppaiah
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Shekhar Bhansali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lücke AJ, Wrzus C, Gerstorf D, Kunzmann U, Katzorreck M, Hoppmann C, Schilling OK. Bidirectional Links of Daily Sleep Quality and Duration With Pain and Self-rated Health in Older Adults' Daily Lives. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1887-1896. [PMID: 36124664 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and health perceptions, such as self-ratings of pain and health are closely linked. However, the temporal ordering of such associations is not well understood, and it remains unclear whether sleep quality and sleep duration show similar or differential associations with health perceptions. METHODS We used ecological momentary assessment data from 123 young-old (66-69 years, 47% women) and 47 old-old adults (84-90 years, 60% women). Across 7 consecutive days, participants reported their sleep quality and sleep duration each morning and rated their momentary pain and health 6 times per day. We applied dynamic structural equation models to examine bidirectional links of morning reports of sleep quality and duration with daily levels of self-rated pain and health. RESULTS In line with the hypotheses, results showed that when participants reported better sleep quality than what is typical for them, they reported less pain and better self-rated health on the day that followed. Longer sleep duration was not linked with subsequent pain or self-rated health. On days when people rated their health as better than usual, they reported better sleep quality but not longer sleep duration the following night. These associations were not moderated by age, gender, or chronic pain. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that in old age, sleep quality is more relevant for health perceptions than sleep duration. Associations between sleep quality and self-rated health seem to be bidirectional; daily pain was linked to prior but not subsequent sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Lücke
- Psychological Institute, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wrzus
- Psychological Institute, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Kunzmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Hoppmann
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Oliver K Schilling
- Psychological Institute, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rinne GR, Hartstein J, Guardino CM, Dunkel Schetter C. Stress before conception and during pregnancy and maternal cortisol during pregnancy: A scoping review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106115. [PMID: 37119659 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress before conception and during pregnancy is associated with less favorable maternal and child health. Alterations in prenatal cortisol levels may serve as a central biological pathway linking stress to adverse maternal and child health. Research examining associations between maternal stress from childhood through pregnancy and prenatal cortisol has not been comprehensively reviewed. METHOD The current scoping review of 48 papers synthesizes studies reporting on associations between stress before conception and during pregnancy with maternal cortisol in pregnancy. Eligible studies measured childhood, the proximal preconception period, pregnancy, or lifetime stress based on stress exposures or appraisals and measured cortisol in saliva or hair during pregnancy. RESULTS Higher maternal childhood stress was associated with higher cortisol awakening responses and alterations in typical pregnancy-specific changes in diurnal cortisol patterns across studies. In contrast, most studies of preconception and prenatal stress reported null associations with cortisol and those reporting significant effects were inconsistent in direction. A few studies found that the associations between stress and cortisol during pregnancy varied as a function of several moderators including social support and environmental pollution. CONCLUSIONS Although many studies have evaluated effects of maternal stress on prenatal cortisol, this scoping review is the first to synthesize existing literature on this topic. The association between stress before conception and during pregnancy and prenatal cortisol may depend on the developmental timing of stress and several moderators. Maternal childhood stress was more consistently associated with prenatal cortisol than proximal preconception or pregnancy stress. We discuss methodological and analytic factors that may contribute to mixed findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle R Rinne
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jenna Hartstein
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gellisch M, Morosan-Puopolo G, Wolf OT, Moser DA, Zaehres H, Brand-Saberi B. Interactive teaching enhances students' physiological arousal during online learning. Ann Anat 2023; 247:152050. [PMID: 36693546 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The pure transfer of face-to-face teaching to a digital learning environment can be accompanied by a significant reduction in the physiological arousal of students, which in turn can be associated with passivity during the learning process, often linked to insufficient levels of concentration and engagement in the course work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether students' psychobiological stress responses can be enhanced in the context of anatomical online learning and how increased physiological parameters correlate with characteristics of learning experiences in a digital learning environment. Healthy first-year medical students (n = 104) experienced a regular practical course in Microscopic Anatomy either in face-to-face learning, in passive online learning or in an interaction-enhanced version of online learning. Compared to passive online learning, students engaged in the interaction-enhanced version of online learning displayed a significantly reduced Heart Rate Variability (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.381) along with a strong increase in salivary cortisol (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.179) and salivary alpha-amylase activity (P 0.001, partial η2 = 0.195). These results demonstrated that the physiological arousal of students engaged in online learning can be enhanced via interactive teaching methods and pointed towards clear correlations between higher physiological responses and elementary criteria of learning experience such as engagement and attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morris Gellisch
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk A Moser
- Department of Genetic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ji D, Francesconi M, Flouri E, Papachristou E. The role of inflammatory markers and cortisol in the association between early social cognition abilities and later internalising or externalising problems: Evidence from a UK birth cohort. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:225-236. [PMID: 35835432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits in social cognition are associated with internalising (emotional and peer problems) and externalising (conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention) symptoms in youth. It has been suggested that stress may be one of the mechanisms underlying these associations. However, no empirical studies have investigated if physiological stress can explain the prospective associations between social cognition deficits and internalising and externalising symptoms in the general youth population. This study addressed this question and focused on two indicators of physiological stress, dysregulated diurnal cortisol patterns and systemic inflammation. METHOD Participants were 714 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK population-based birth cohort. Bayesian structural equation modelling was used to investigate a) the associations of social cognition abilities at ages 8, 11, and 14 years with internalising and externalising problems at age 17 years and b) the potential mediating effects of cortisol parameters at age 15 years and inflammatory markers [interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)] at ages 9 and 16 years. RESULTS We found that social cognition difficulties were associated with later internalising and externalising problems. Flattened diurnal cortisol slope was associated with hyperactivity/inattention problems two years later. Lower morning cortisol partially mediated the direct association between social communication deficits at 8 years and hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems at 17 years, even after adjustments for inflammation and confounders (for hyperactivity/inattention: indirect effect = 0.07, 95% CI [0.00, 0.18], p = .042; for conduct problems: indirect effect = 0.04, 95% CI [0.00, 0.11], p = .040). We did not find a significant association between systemic inflammation and social cognition difficulties, internalising problems, or externalising problems. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that part of the effect of social communication difficulties in childhood on externalising problems in adolescence was mediated by lower morning cortisol. Hence, our study indicates that the hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be one of the physiological mechanisms linking some social cognition deficits to externalising problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Ji
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
| | - Marta Francesconi
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
| | - Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
| | - Efstathios Papachristou
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rode J, Edebol Carlman HMT, König J, Hutchinson AN, Thunberg P, Persson J, Brummer RJ. Multi-Strain Probiotic Mixture Affects Brain Morphology and Resting State Brain Function in Healthy Subjects: An RCT. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182922. [PMID: 36139496 PMCID: PMC9496704 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can alter brain function via the gut–brain axis. We investigated the effect of a probiotic mixture containing Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover design, 22 healthy subjects (6 m/16 f; 24.2 ± 3.4 years) underwent four-week intervention periods with probiotics and placebo, separated by a four-week washout period. Voxel-based morphometry indicated that the probiotic intervention affected the gray matter volume of a cluster covering the left supramarginal gyrus and superior parietal lobule (p < 0.0001), two regions that were also among those with an altered resting state functional connectivity. Probiotic intervention resulted in significant (FDR < 0.05) functional connectivity changes between regions within the default mode, salience, frontoparietal as well as the language network and several regions located outside these networks. Psychological symptoms trended towards improvement after probiotic intervention, i.e., the total score of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (p = 0.056) and its depression sub-score (p = 0.093), as well as sleep patterns (p = 0.058). The probiotic intervention evoked distinct changes in brain morphology and resting state brain function alongside slight improvements of psycho(bio)logical markers of the gut–brain axis. The combination of those parameters may provide new insights into the modes of action by which gut microbiota can affect gut–brain communication and hence brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rode
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Hanna M. T. Edebol Carlman
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Julia König
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ashley N. Hutchinson
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Thunberg
- Department of Radiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Center for Lifespan Developmental Research (LEADER), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert J. Brummer
- Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kinnunen U, Van Laethem M, Sianoja M, de Bloom J. Daily sleep in relation to subjective and physiological stress in an occupational context: Daily vigour as a mediator. Stress Health 2022; 39:323-334. [PMID: 35932229 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the stress-sleep relationship consistently demonstrate negative effects of stress on sleep. The reversed relation, however, has received less research attention. Also, field studies on physiological stress are scarce. The aim of this day-level diary study was to examine daily relationships between sleep quality and quantity, and subjective and physiological stress in an occupational context. Moreover, we examined daily vigour as an underlying mechanism of the sleep-stress relationship. Participants were 167 knowledge workers who filled in daily questionnaires measuring sleep quality and quantity, morning vigour and subjective afternoon stress on Tuesdays and Thursdays for 5 weeks. Physiological stress was assessed with cortisol decline from morning peak to evening, and with blood pressure in the afternoon. Multilevel path analysis results showed that better sleep quality and longer sleep hours predicted increased vigour the following morning, which in turn predicted lower subjective stress in the afternoon. Sleep quality and quantity were not related to physiological stress neither directly nor indirectly via morning vigour. On the basis of our results, sleep should be considered as a factor affecting vigour which in turn seems to lower stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Kinnunen
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michelle Van Laethem
- Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjaana Sianoja
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jessica de Bloom
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Economics and Business, HRM & OB, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gellisch M, Wolf OT, Minkley N, Kirchner WH, Brüne M, Brand-Saberi B. Decreased sympathetic cardiovascular influences and hormone-physiological changes in response to Covid-19-related adaptations under different learning environments. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 15:811-826. [PMID: 35968688 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To examine the implications of the transition from face-to-face to online learning from a psychobiological perspective, this study investigated potential differences in physiological stress parameters of students engaged in online or face-to-face learning and determined whether these can be identified as possible mediators between learning experience and achievement emotions. In a randomized experimental field study, medical students (n = 82) attended either regular face-to-face classes of the microscopic anatomy course or the same practical course online using Zoom videoconferencing platform. The present study investigated Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and salivary cortisol concentration as stress correlates, within the contexts of online and face-to-face learning and compared these parameters with a control group that was measured at rest. Additionally, participants completed a standardized questionnaire about their experienced emotions in relation to task achievement and subjective stress levels. A significant reduction in HRV was found in face-to-face learning, suggesting stronger stress responses in the face-to-face learning environment (η2 = 0.421, P < 0.001). Furthermore, participants engaged in face-to-face learning showed significantly higher cortisol concentrations (η2 = 0.115, P = 0.032). Additionally, increased sympathetic activation correlated with the discrete positive emotion of enjoyment exclusively within the face-to-face condition (r = 0.365, P = 0.043). These results indicate that the transfer of a face-to-face practical course in microscopic anatomy to an online learning environment is associated with decreased sympathetic and enhanced vagal cardiovascular influences, together with lower cortisol concentrations in healthy medical students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morris Gellisch
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Minkley
- Behavioral Biology and Biology Education, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Kirchner
- Behavioral Biology and Biology Education, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Brüne
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Psychiatric Preventive Medicine, Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) University Hospital of Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salivary Biomarker Profiles and Chronic Fatigue among Nurses Working Rotation Shifts: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081416. [PMID: 36011073 PMCID: PMC9407778 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nurses’ fatigue affects their well-being and patient safety, no effective objective measurements exist. We explored the profiles of salivary biomarkers associated with nurses’ chronic fatigue across several shifts. This longitudinal study involved 45 shiftwork nurses and collected their saliva samples before two night and two day shifts for a month. Chronic fatigue was measured using the Cumulative Fatigue Symptom Index before the first night shift. Biomarker profiles were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis, and chronic fatigue levels were compared between the profiles. Cortisol profiles were classified into high- and low-level groups across two day shifts; the low-level group presented significantly higher irritability and unwillingness to work. Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) profiles across the four shifts were classified into high- and low-level groups; the high-level group had significantly higher depressive feelings, decreased vitality, irritability, and unwillingness to work. Cortisol (two day shifts) and s-IgA (four shifts) profiles were combined, and (i) cortisol low-level and s-IgA high-level and (ii) cortisol high-level and s-IgA low-level groups were identified. The former group had significantly higher chronic fatigue sign and irritability than the latter group. The profiles of salivary cortisol and s-IgA across several shifts were associated with nurses’ chronic fatigue.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rajaee M, Karson SN, McCullough AM. Teachers on the margins: How low-income public schools burden our teachers. Work 2022; 72:949-965. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Teachers experience high work-related stress, which can lead to missed workdays and lower quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this exploratory pilot study was to assess occupational and environmental stressors in public school districts by income level to examine the influence these stressors have on teachers perceived stress and biological stress response. METHODS: Fifty-nine teachers were recruited from four school districts in Michigan (three low-income and one high-income). Participants completed a self-administered survey on teaching stressors, health, and demographics. Stress response was measured through blood pressure, heart rate, and salivary cortisol. Six salivary cortisol measurements were collected for each participant; three in the afternoon and three in the evening. Each teacher’s classroom and school underwent an environmental assessment on quality and proximity to environmental hazards. RESULTS: Teachers at low-income school districts had significantly higher afternoon cortisol levels, lower self-reported health, higher body mass index, higher perceived teaching stressors, and worked at schools within one km of a greater number of environmentally-contaminated sites, in comparison to their high-income school district counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: This research aims to inform future interventions that could lessen occupational and environmental stressors for teachers, improve teacher health outcomes and retention, and impact student success rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgon Rajaee
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Samantha N. Karson
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Ashley M. McCullough
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ji D, Flouri E, Papachristou E, Francesconi M. Childhood Trajectories of Hyperactivity/Inattention Symptoms and Diurnal Cortisol in Middle Adolescence: Results from a UK Birth Cohort. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:809-821. [PMID: 34378439 PMCID: PMC8859655 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211036755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Whether the association between hyperactivity/inattention symptoms with HPA axis dysfunction holds in the general child population too is not clear. METHOD We assessed associations between longitudinal trajectories of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms during ages 4 to 13 years and basal cortisol profiles at age 15 in a British general population cohort. RESULTS Adolescents with persistently high levels of hyperactivity/inattention symptoms since childhood showed lower total morning cortisol and a smaller diurnal decline, even after adjusting for confounders. No associations were found between any of the symptom trajectories and cortisol awakening response, diurnal slope or daily output of cortisol. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for hypocortisolism among adolescents with chronic hyperactivity/inattention symptoms in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Ji
- UCL Institute of Education, London, UK,Dongying Ji, Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grindstaff JL, Beaty LE, Ambardar M, Luttbeg B. Integrating theoretical and empirical approaches for a robust understanding of endocrine flexibility. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274311. [PMID: 35258612 PMCID: PMC8987727 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in studying hormones beyond single 'snapshot' measurements, as recognition that individual variation in the endocrine response to environmental change may underlie many rapid, coordinated phenotypic changes. Repeated measures of hormone levels in individuals provide additional insight into individual variation in endocrine flexibility - that is, how individuals modulate hormone levels in response to the environment. The ability to quickly and appropriately modify phenotype is predicted to be favored by selection, especially in unpredictable environments. The need for repeated samples from individuals can make empirical studies of endocrine flexibility logistically challenging, but methods based in mathematical modeling can provide insights that circumvent these challenges. Our Review introduces and defines endocrine flexibility, reviews existing studies, makes suggestions for future empirical work, and recommends mathematical modeling approaches to complement empirical work and significantly advance our understanding. Mathematical modeling is not yet widely employed in endocrinology, but can be used to identify innovative areas for future research and generate novel predictions for empirical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynne E Beaty
- School of Science, Penn State Erie - The Behrend College, Erie, PA 16563, USA
| | - Medhavi Ambardar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Barney Luttbeg
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Blume C, Schoch SF, Vienneau D, Röösli M, Kohler M, Moeller A, Kurth S, Usemann J. Association of transportation noise with sleep during the first year of life: A longitudinal study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111776. [PMID: 34329637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES During infancy, adequate sleep is crucial for physical and neurocognitive development. In adults and children, night-time noise exposure is associated with sleep disturbances. However, whether and to what extent infants' sleep is affected, is unknown. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between nocturnal transportation noise and actimetry-derived habitual sleep behavior across the first year of life. METHODS In 144 healthy infants (63 girls), nocturnal (23:00-7:00) transportation noise (i.e., road, railway, and aircraft) was modelled at the infants' individual places of residence. Using actimetry, we recorded movement patterns for 11 days in a longitudinal design at 3, 6, and 12 months of age and derived the recently proposed core sleep composites of night-time sleep duration, activity, and variability. Using linear mixed-effects models, we determined associations between noise exposure and sleep composites. Sex, gestational age, parents' highest educational level, infants' age, and the existence of siblings served as control variables. RESULTS In models without interactions, night-time transportation noise was unrelated to sleep composites across the first year of life (p > .16). Exploratory analyses of an interaction between noise and the existence of siblings yielded an association between night-time transportation noise and sleep duration in infants without siblings only (p = .004). CONCLUSION In our study, sleep in infants during the first year of life was relatively robust against external perturbation by night-time transportation noise. However, particularly in children without siblings increasing night-time transportation noise reduced sleep duration. This suggests that the habitual noise environment may modulate individual susceptibility to adverse effects of noise on sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Blume
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah F Schoch
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Moeller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Childhood Research Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salome Kurth
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Usemann
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital Zurich and Childhood Research Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Canuto R, Garcez A, Spritzer PM, Olinto MTA. Associations of perceived stress and salivary cortisol with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern in women shift workers. Stress 2021; 24:763-771. [PMID: 33928826 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.1919615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern in a sample of women shift workers. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 539 women aged 18-53 years working in the production line of a poultry processing plant. Stress was assessed with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and by salivary cortisol levels (immediately after waking and upon returning home from work). Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. We used linear and Poisson regression models to assess multivariable-adjusted associations of perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern. After adjustments, women with higher PSS-10 scores had a 28% higher probability (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.56) of consuming snacks/fast food. Mean (SD) waking cortisol levels were inversely associated with quartiles of the dietary pattern: Q1, 6.63 (0.43) nmol/L; Q2, 6.00 (0.38) nmol/L; Q3, 5.62 (0.40) nmol/L; and Q4, 5.29 (0.35) nmol/L (p = 0.019). Perceived stress was not associated with salivary cortisol levels. The work shift was not associated with perceived stress or cortisol levels. This study demonstrated an association of psychological and physiological measures of stress with a dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of hyper-palatable, energy-dense, ready-to-eat foods among women shift workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Canuto
- Post-graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson Garcez
- Post-graduate in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
- Post-graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Egger ST, Knorr M, Bobes J, Bernstein A, Seifritz E, Vetter S. Real-Time Assessment of Stress and Stress Response Using Digital Phenotyping: A Study Protocol. Front Digit Health 2021; 2:544418. [PMID: 34713030 PMCID: PMC8521792 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2020.544418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stress is a complex phenomenon that may have a negative influence on health and well-being; consequently, it plays a pivotal role in mental health. Although the incidence of mental disorders has been continuously rising, development of prevention and treatment methods has been rather slow. Through the ubiquitous presence of smartphones and wearable devices, people can monitor stress parameters in everyday life. However, the reliability and validity of such monitoring are still unsatisfactory. Methods: The aim of this trial is to find a relationship between psychological stress and saliva cortisol levels on the one hand and physiological parameters measured by smartphones in combination with a commercially available wearable device on the other. Participants include cohorts of individuals with and without a psychiatric disorder. The study is conducted in two settings: one naturalistic and one a controlled laboratory environment, combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and digital phenotyping (DP). EMA is used for the assessment of challenging and stressful situations coincidentally happening during a whole observation week. DP is used during a controlled stress situation with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) as a standardized psychobiological paradigm. Initially, participants undergo a complete psychological screening and profiling using a standardized psychometric test battery. EMA uses a smartphone application, and the participants keep a diary about their daily routine, activities, well-being, sleep, and difficult and stressful situations they may encounter. DP is conducted through wearable devices able to continuously monitor physiological parameters (i.e., heart rate, heart rate variability, skin conductivity, temperature, movement and acceleration). Additionally, saliva cortisol samples are repeatedly taken. The TSST is conducted with continuous measurement of the same parameters measured during the EMA. Discussion: We aim to identify valid and reliable digital biomarkers for stress and stress reactions. Furthermore, we expect to find a way of early detection of psychological stress in order to evolve new opportunities for interventions reducing stress. That may allow us to find new ways of treating and preventing mental disorders. Trial Registration: The competing ethics committee of the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, approved the study protocol V05.1 May 28, 2019 [BASEC: 2019-00814]; the trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT04100213] on September 19, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan T Egger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marius Knorr
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, CIBERSAM, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Abraham Bernstein
- Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Vetter
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Variations in Salivary Stress Biomarkers and Their Relationship with Anxiety, Self-Efficacy and Sleeping Quality in Emergency Health Care Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179277. [PMID: 34501877 PMCID: PMC8431039 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hospital healthcare workers of emergency departments (EDs) face a variety of occupational stressors on a daily basis. We have recently published that emergency professionals display increased salivary levels of α-amylase and dehydroepiandrosterone during the working day. The pattern of these markers may suggest a counteracting mechanism of dehydroepiandrosterone against the stress reflected by amylase increases. In order to verify this hypothesis, we have analysed different psychological aspects in the same group of healthcare professionals through different tests related to behaviours resulting from stress. These include the state-trait anxiety inventory, the self-efficacy test and the sleeping quality questionnaire. The tests were provided at the beginning of the working day and collected at the end. STAI scores (trait and state) were indicative of no anxiety. Self-efficacy scores were considered optimal, as well as those from the sleeping quality questionnaire. This is supported by the modest correlation between STAI scores and salivary levels of α-amylase and dehydroepiandrosterone. In conclusion, the emergency professionals of the studied hospitals seem to have adequate work management. Altogether it means that the stress generated during work performance is controlled, allowing a correct adaptation to the demanding situations undergone in emergency departments.
Collapse
|
21
|
Cortisol on Circadian Rhythm and Its Effect on Cardiovascular System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020676. [PMID: 33466883 PMCID: PMC7830980 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and secretion of cortisol are controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Cortisol exhibits a proper 24-h circadian rhythm that affects the brain, the autonomic nervous system, the heart, and the vasculature that prepares the cardiovascular system for optimal function during these anticipated behavioral cycles. A literature search was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Relevant search terms included “circadian rhythm and cardiovascular”, “cortisol”, “cortisol and acute coronary syndrome”, “cortisol and arrhythmias”, “cortisol and sudden cardiac death”, “cortisol and stroke”, and “cardioprotective agents”. A total of 120 articles were obtained on the basis of the above search. Lower levels of cortisol were seen at the beginning of sleep, while there was a rise towards the end of sleep, with the highest level reached at the moment the individual wakes up. In the present review, we discuss the role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1), which is a novel molecular target of interest for treating metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus. 11β-HSD1 is the major determinant of cortisol excess, and its inhibition alleviates metabolic abnormalities. The present review highlights the role of cortisol, which controls the circadian rhythm, and describes its effect on the cardiovascular system. The review provides a platform for future potential cardioprotective therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sjörs Dahlman A, Jonsdottir IH, Hansson C. The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system in burnout. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 182:83-94. [PMID: 34266613 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819973-2.00006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Burnout constitutes a serious health concern in the modern working environment. It is a stress-related condition that has developed as a result of a prolonged psychosocial stress exposure causing a persistent mismatch between demands and resources. The main symptom is emotional exhaustion, but physical fatigue, diminished professional efficacy, cynicism, and cognitive impairments are also associated with this condition. Burnout has been used both as a psychologic term in occupational settings and as a clinical diagnosis in patient populations, and there is currently no universally accepted definition and diagnostic criteria of burnout. It has been hypothesized that the two main stress response systems, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), are involved in the pathogenesis of burnout. A common hypothesis is that in the early stages of chronic stress, the HPA axis and sympathetic ANS activity tend to be higher, while it will decrease with a longer duration of chronic stress to ultimately reach a state of hypoactivity in clinical burnout. The current research in this field shows many contradictory results. Thus there is no compelling evidence of either ANS or HPA dysfunction in burnout. However, there is partial support for the hypothesis of HPA and sympathetic hyperactivity in early stages, and HPA hyporeactivity and low vagal activity in more severe burnout cases, but high-quality studies investigating the causal links are still lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sjörs Dahlman
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Human Factors Department, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hansson
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zambuto SG, Clancy KBH, Harley BAC. Tuning Trophoblast Motility in a Gelatin Hydrogel via Soluble Cues from the Maternal-Fetal Interface. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1064-1073. [PMID: 33216701 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cells play multiple critical roles in pregnancy, notably modulating blastocyst attachment to the endometrium as well as invading into and actively remodeling the endometrium to facilitate biotransport needs of the growing embryo. Despite the importance of trophoblast invasion for processes essential at early stages of pregnancy, much remains unknown regarding the balance of signaling molecules that may influence trophoblast invasion into the endometrium. The goal of this study was to use three-dimensional trophoblast spheroid motility assays to examine the effect of cues from the maternal-fetal interface on trophoblast motility. We report use of a methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel to support quantitative analysis of trophoblast outgrowth area and cell viability. We show that this multidimensional model of trophoblast motility can resolve quantifiable differences in outgrowth area and viability in the presence of a known invasion promoter, epidermal growth factor, and a known invasion inhibitor, transforming growth factor β1. We then investigate the sensitivity of trophoblast motility to cortisol, a hormone associated with exogenous stressors. Together, this approach provides a toolset to investigate the coordinated action of physiological and pathophysiological processes on early stages of trophoblast invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G Zambuto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn B H Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Counts CJ, John-Henderson NA. Risk in childhood family environments and loneliness in college students: Implications for health. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:381-386. [PMID: 30681936 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1557198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate associations between risk in family environments and health-relevant outcomes in college and the role of loneliness. Participants: College students at a state university (N = 360). Methods: We utilized linear regression to examine relationships between risk in family environments and loneliness, perceived stress, affect, and self-rated health. We tested for indirect effects of risk in family environments on outcomes through loneliness Results: Analyses showed that risk in family environments associated with loneliness (β = 0.12 t[358] = 2.22, p = .03, R2 change = .02), perceived social stress (β = 0.20, t[357] = 3.88, p < 0.001, R2 change = .04), negative and positive affect (β = 2.44, t[357] = 3.95, p < .001, R2 change = .04), and (β = -0.18 t[357]= -3.44, p = .001, R2 change = .03 respectively), and self-rated health (β = 0.19, t[359] = 4.57, p < .001, R2 change = .10). Significant indirect effects were observed for risk in early family on all outcomes through loneliness. Conclusion: These findings provide initial evidence that risk in childhood family environments may negatively affect health by increasing loneliness in college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cory J Counts
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pearman A, Neupert SD, Hughes ML. State Anxiety Is Related to Cortisol Response During Cognitive Testing for Older Adults. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2020; 6:2333721420914776. [PMID: 32284956 PMCID: PMC7139176 DOI: 10.1177/2333721420914776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive testing situations can be stressful for both younger and older adults,
but threats of cognitive evaluation may be particularly salient among anxious
older individuals as they tend to be more concerned than younger adults about
their cognitive abilities and age-related cognitive decline. We examined
age-related differences in the effect of anxiety on cortisol responses during
cognitive testing in a sample of 27 younger (M = 19.8) and 29
older (M = 71.2) adults. Older adults with higher anxiety also
had higher during-task cortisol (suggesting higher reactivity to testing) than
older adults with lower anxiety and young adults. There was no effect of anxiety
on cortisol for younger adults. Simultaneously examining subjective (state
anxiety) and physiological (cortisol response) indicators of threat during
cognitive testing appears to be especially important for older adults with
higher state anxiety. The results are important for understanding cortisol
reactivity, particularly in older adults. Researchers who administer cognitive
tests to older adults and clinicians who work with older adults with cognitive
concerns and/or anxiety may want to consider how they present their
material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Pearman
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oda H, Wakabayashi H, Tanaka M, Yamauchi K, Sugita C, Yoshida H, Abe F, Sonoda T, Kurokawa M. Effects of lactoferrin on infectious diseases in Japanese summer: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:566-574. [PMID: 32151562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of lactoferrin (LF) on infectious diseases in Japanese summer. METHODS An intake of placebo, 200 mg, or 600 mg of LF were administered to healthy adults in Kyushu University of Health and Welfare for 12 weeks in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel-group comparative trial. The primary endpoints were the prevalence and duration of infectious diseases and changes in immune parameters. RESULTS Three hundred and ten subjects were randomized (placebo, n = 104; 200 mg, n = 103; 600 mg, n = 103). Twenty subjects were lost to the follow-up, leaving 290 for a full analysis set (n = 99; n = 95; n = 96). The duration (day) of total infectious diseases was shorter in the 200 mg group (2.0, p = 0.045) and 600 mg group (2.0, p = 0.010) than in the placebo group (3.0). The duration of summer colds was shorter in the 600 mg group (2.0, p = 0.036) than in the placebo group (3.0). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of infectious diseases or changes in immune parameters. In exploratory investigations, changes in the neutrophil phagocytic capacity, cortisol concentrations, and T score of "Vigor/Activity" in the Profile of Mood States 2 were greater in the 600 mg group than in the placebo group, when analysis was done on the lower half groups at the baseline. Adverse events were similar in each group and none had a causal relationship with the intake of the test foods. CONCLUSIONS In summer, the intake of LF attenuates infectious diseases, including summer colds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Oda
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Wakabayashi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugita
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Tohru Sonoda
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Science, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Miyakawa M, Kubo S, Oda H, Motoki N, Mizuki M, Tsukahara T, Tanaka M, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Nomiyama T. Effects of Lactoferrin on Sleep Conditions in Children Aged 12-32 Months: A Preliminary, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:671-677. [PMID: 33061724 PMCID: PMC7532897 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s263106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate preliminarily the effect of lactoferrin (LF)-fortified formula on sleep conditions in children. STUDY DESIGN A preliminary, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS Healthy children between the ages of 12 and 32 months who attended nursery schools in Japan were divided into two groups and assigned a placebo or LF (48 mg/day)-fortified formula. Children's sleep conditions were investigated before and after the 13-week intervention using the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P). RESULTS Altogether, 109 participants were randomized. Eight participants were eliminated due to lost to follow-up, withdrawal of consent, and ineligibility, with 101 participants (placebo, n = 48; LF, n = 53) included in the full analysis set (FAS) and used for analysis. Wake-up time, bedtime, and nighttime sleep were comparable between the two groups before and after intervention. The change in total JSQ-P T scores tended to improve in the LF group (placebo vs LF: 0.5 ± 6.5 vs -1.9 ± 6.1, p = 0.074), in particular, morning symptoms significantly improved (grumpy in the morning, hard to wake-up, and hard to get out of bed) (placebo vs LF: 0.8 ± 6.2 vs -1.9 ± 6.2, p = 0.028). A better trend was also observed in the LF group regarding restless legs syndrome (RLS)-motor (rubs feet at night and touches feet at night) (placebo vs LF: 2.3 ± 10.7 vs -0.6 ± 13.5, p = 0.083) and insufficient sleep (stays up more than one hour later the day before a holiday and wakes up more than one hour later on a holiday) (placebo vs LF: 0.1 ± 9.8 vs -1.7 ± 8.8, p = 0.095). No adverse drug reactions were found. CONCLUSION LF intake may improve sleep condition, especially morning symptoms in children above one year of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Miyakawa
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shutaro Kubo
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Motoki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaru Mizuki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Teruomi Tsukahara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nomiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Piazza JR, Stawski RS, Sheffler JL. Age, Daily Stress Processes, and Allostatic Load: A Longitudinal Study. J Aging Health 2019; 31:1671-1691. [PMID: 30019595 PMCID: PMC6312754 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318788493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present study examined age differences in the association between daily stressors and allostatic load. Method: Participants consisted of 317 adults (34-84 years) who participated in Waves 1 (1996-1997) and 2 (between 2005 and 2009) of the Midlife Development in the United States Survey. During Wave 1, participants reported the stressors they encountered across eight consecutive days. Within-person affective reactivity slopes indexing change in negative affect from a nonstressor day to a stressor day were calculated for each participant. Affective reactivity and stressor exposure scores at Wave 1 were used to predict allostatic load at Wave 2. Results: Heightened levels of affective reactivity at Wave 1 predicted elevated levels of allostatic load at Wave 2 but only among older adults who also reported high levels of stressor exposure. No significant associations emerged for younger adults. Discussion: Daily stress processes may be one pathway through which age-related physical health declines occur.
Collapse
|
29
|
Khan MS, Dighe K, Wang Z, Srivastava I, Schwartz-Duval AS, Misra SK, Pan D. Electrochemical-digital immunosensor with enhanced sensitivity for detecting human salivary glucocorticoid hormone. Analyst 2019; 144:1448-1457. [PMID: 30608068 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an ultra-sensitive electrochemical-digital sensor chip is devised for potential use as a digital stress analyzer for point-of-care testing (POCT) and preventive on-site recording of the hormone 'cortisol', a glucocorticoid class of steroid hormone present in the human saliva. The sensor was interfaced and re-configured with a high precision impedance converter system (AD5933) and used for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate the cortisol levels in seven saliva samples. To obtain enhanced biological (cortisol) recognition and achieve a lower limit of detection 0.87 ± 0.12 pg mL-1 (2.4 ± 0.38 pmol mL-1) with a wide range from 1 pg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 (2.75 pmol mL-1 to 27.58 pmol mL-1; R2 = 0.9831), bovine serum albumin (1% BSA) was utilized as an effective sensitivity enhancer in addition to optimizing the other two parameters: (i) anti-cortisol antibody (anti-CAb) covalently attached to micro-Au electrodes and (ii) saliva sample incubation time on the sensor chip. The results obtained in this work were corroborated with the gold standard ELISA test with an accuracy of 96.3% and other previously reported biosensors. We envisage that the conceivable standpoint of this study can be a practice towards new development in cortisol biosensing, which will be pertinent to POCT targeted for in vitro psychobiological study on patient cortisol in saliva, and finally an implantable sensor chip in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Khan
- Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jonsdottir IH, Sjörs Dahlman A. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endocrine and immunological aspects of burnout: a narrative review. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:R147-R158. [PMID: 30576285 PMCID: PMC6365671 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Burnout has several different definitions, and attempts have been made to discriminate between burnout as a psychological construct and burnout as a clinical entity. A large body of research has focused on elucidating the biological link between stress exposure and burnout and/or finding a clinically usable biomarker for burnout. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the main endocrine and immune findings in relation to burnout. The literature has primarily focused on dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, albeit the large body of studies, it cannot be concluded that clear effects are seen on HPA axis function in people with burnout. The HPA axis and anabolic acute reactivity to stress might be affected in clinical burnout. Plausible, effects of chronic stress might rather be seen when measuring responses to acute stress rather than resting state hormonal levels. Studies on other hormones, including thyroid hormones, prolactin and growth hormone in burnout subjects are inconclusive. It is important to note that this field is faced with many methodological challenges, one being the diurnal and pulsatile nature of many of the hormones of interest, including cortisol, which is not always considered. Another challenge is the heterogeneity regarding definitions and measurements of stress and burnout. Existing studies on burnout and immune function are heterogeneous regarding the results and no firm conclusion can be made if clinically relevant immune changes are present in burnout subjects. An overall conclusion is that existing research cannot confirm any homogenous reliable endocrinological or immunological changes related to burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir
- Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to I H Jonsdottir;
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Šušoliaková O, Šmejkalová J, Bičíková M, Hodačová L, Málková A, Fiala Z. Assessment of work-related stress by using salivary cortisol level examination among early morning shift workers. Cent Eur J Public Health 2018; 26:92-97. [PMID: 30102496 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early morning shifts have a negative effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the extent of occupational stress in early shift workers of the car industry by using salivary cortisol as an objective marker during a workday and on a day off. METHODS For this cross-sectional epidemiological type of study, a survey included 55 suitable volunteers from the car industry. Five saliva samples were collected according to the following schedule: during one work day in the morning, during the morning shift from 6 a.m. - 2 p.m., then after the shift was completed, 3 hours after work and in the evening before going to sleep. Control samples were taken from the same participants on a day off. Radioimmunoanalysis was used as the main analytical method, and the effect of factors and between-factor interactions on the levels of salivary cortisol during the workday were assessed using an ANOVA model. RESULTS The cortisol diurnal rhythm was as expected, with the highest values in the morning and declining to the lowest values in the evening hours. Concentrations of salivary cortisol showed higher values during the workday, especially higher concentrations of evening cortisol and attenuated cortisol slope. Based on the results, irregular shift work has a greater increase in cortisol excretion after waking in the morning and a slower progressive recovery of the organism during the workday. In addition, cortisol levels were significantly higher in older women than in older men but did not differ in younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS Salivary cortisol levels are a suitable objective marker of stress and can be used as a good predictor of occupational stress by public health services for the purposes of primary prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oľga Šušoliaková
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Steroid Hormones and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindra Šmejkalová
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Bičíková
- Department of Steroid Hormones and Proteofactors, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hodačová
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Málková
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fiala
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kawanishi N, Hoshi N, Masahiro S, Enomoto A, Ota S, Kaneko M, Soga T, Tomita M, Kimoto K. Effects of inter-day and intra-day variation on salivary metabolomic profiles. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 489:41-48. [PMID: 30481500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary secretion is an important parameter reflecting the health status of an individual and has been used clinically for the diagnosis of various oral diseases, such as xerostomia. Salivary metabolomic profiling is considered an emerging potential tool for the detection of various systemic diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the quantitative relationship between salivary secretion volume and salivary metabolomic profile. METHODS To evaluate inter- and intra-day variations in salivary secretion, 234 saliva samples were collected three times per day for three days from 13 subjects and analyzed. Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry was used for non-targeted quantification of water-soluble metabolites. RESULTS No significant inter- or intra-day variations were observed in salivary secretion volume. No significant inter-day variations were observed in metabolomic patterns. In contrast, significant intra-day variations were observed in salivary metabolomic profiles. The difference was more obvious for stimulated saliva than for unstimulated saliva. These profile changes were independent of salivary secretion volume. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that diurnal change had a greater effect on salivary metabolomic profiles than the other factors. Hence, sampling time should be tightly controlled to minimize unexpected bias in the clinical use of salivary metabolomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norishige Kawanishi
- Division of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Function and Restoration, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hoshi
- Division of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Function and Restoration, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Sugimoto Masahiro
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan; Health Promotion and Preemptive Medicine, Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjyuku, Shinjyuku 160-0022, Japan; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Turuoka, 997-0052, Japan; Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
| | - Ayame Enomoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Turuoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Sana Ota
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Turuoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Miku Kaneko
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Turuoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Turuoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Turuoka, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kimoto
- Division of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Department of Oral Function and Restoration, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mohammadi H, Rezaei M, Amiri SM, Rahimi Z, Mansouri K, Khazaie H. Sleep Architecture and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity in Paradoxical and Psychophysiological Insomnia. Basic Clin Neurosci 2018; 9:397-407. [PMID: 30719254 PMCID: PMC6359682 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.6.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There are controversial reports about association between sleep and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) activity. Studies have reported the influence of insomnia on HPA hormones. However, they usually ignored the heterogeneity of insomnia symptoms, so subtypes of the disorder have not been considered in the reports. The present study aimed to investigate the final and intermediate products of HPA system among a group of psychophysiological and paradoxical insomniac patients in comparison to a group of normal sleepers. Methods: We investigated the awakening serum level of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and cortisol after one night Polysomnography (PSG) in 17 subjects with psychophysiological insomnia, 19 subjects with paradoxical insomnia and 17 subjects with normal sleep profile. Groups were matched for age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Serum levels of ACTH and cortisol were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: Although, a tendency toward elevation of both ACTH and cortisol was observed among patients with paradoxical insomnia compared to both control and psychophysiological insomnia, the differences were not significant comparing three groups. According to regression analysis, higher Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep (NREM) arousal and Pulse Transit Time (PTT) significantly predicted higher level of ACTH. Conclusion: These findings could suggest the personality traits hypothesis for paradoxical insomnia. Both cortical and subcortical arousal could lead to more HPA activity and higher ACTH level. Further studies are recommended to confirm the hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa Mohammadi
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Amiri
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ryu J, Yoon Y, Kim H, Kang CW, Jung-Choi K. The Change of Self-Rated Health According to Working Hours for Two Years by Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1984. [PMID: 30208666 PMCID: PMC6164647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to confirm the association between working hours and self-rated health, and to find the degree of changes in health level by working hours according to gender. METHODS This study was based on the 929 workers (571 men and 358 women) from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study during 2004⁻2006. To minimize the healthy worker effects, the study subjects included only those who did not have any chronic diseases, and who answered their health status as "moderate" or above in the baseline. Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm the associations between working hours and self-rated health. RESULTS In men, working hours per week of 47⁻52 h, 53⁻68 h, and >68 h were associated with 1.2, 1.3, and 1.1 times increases, respectively, in the odds ratio on worsened self-rated health, compared with the reference group (40⁻46 h). On the other hand, the risks were 1.0, 2.2, and 2.6 times increases in women. However, the results were different according to gender in the group with less than 40 h. The men with less than 40 h had a 0.9 times odds ratio on worsened self-rated health. For the women with less than 40 h, the odds ratio on self-rated health was 5.4 times higher than the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Working more than 52 h per week had a negative effect on health, regardless of gender. However, in the group with less than 40 h, the negative association between working hours and self-rated health were shown only in women. Health outcomes due to working hours may differ by gender. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the causes of these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ryu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Yeogyeong Yoon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Chung Won Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Jung-Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fekedulegn D, Innes K, Andrew ME, Tinney-Zara C, Charles LE, Allison P, Violanti JM, Knox SS. Sleep quality and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) among law enforcement officers: The moderating role of leisure time physical activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 95:158-169. [PMID: 29864672 PMCID: PMC6401560 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the role of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on the association between sleep quality and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in people with an occupation that exposes them to high levels of stress. METHODS Participants were 275 police officers (age = 42 years ± 8.3, 27% women) enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) study (conducted between 2004 and 2009). Officers provided four salivary cortisol samples (on awakening and 15, 30, and 45 min after awakening). Hours of leisure time physical activity were assessed using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall questionnaire. Sleep quality (good/poor) was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Analysis of covariance and repeated measures models were used to examine the association of sleep quality to the two aspects of CAR: cortisol levels (total area under the curve (AUCG), mean, and peak cortisol) and cortisol profiles (the overall pattern in cortisol level during the 45 min period following awakening, the increase in cortisol from baseline to average of post awakening values (mean increase), and area under the curve with respect to increase (AUCI)). Analyses were stratified by participant level of reported LTPA (sufficiently vs. insufficiently active, defined as ≥ 150 vs. < 150 min/week of moderate intensity activity, respectively). Since cortisol activity is known to be influenced by gender, we conducted additional analyses also stratified by gender. RESULTS Overall, results demonstrated that LTPA significantly moderated the association of sleep quality with CAR. Among participants who were sufficiently active, CAR did not differ by sleep quality. However, in those who were insufficiently active during their leisure time, poor sleep quality was associated with a significantly reduced level of total awakening cortisol secretion (AUCG (a.u.) = 777.4 ± 56 vs. 606.5 ± 45, p = 0.02; mean cortisol (nmol/l) = 16.7 ± 1.2 vs. 13.3 ± 0.9, p = 0.03; peak cortisol (nmol/l) = 24.0 ± 1.8 vs. 18.9 ± 1.5, p = 0.03 for good vs. poor sleep quality, respectively). The normal rise in cortisol after awakening was also significantly lower in inactive officers with poor sleep quality than in those with good sleep quality (mean increase (nmol/l) = 6.7 ± 1.5 vs. 2.3 ± 1.2, p = 0.03; AUCI (a.u.) = 249.3 ± 55 vs. 83.3 ± 44, p = 0.02 for those with good vs. poor sleep quality, respectively). While findings for male officers were consistent with the overall results, CAR did not differ by sleep quality in female officers regardless of LTPA level. CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that poor sleep quality is associated with diminished awakening cortisol levels and dysregulated cortisol patterns over time, but only among officers who were inactive or insufficiently active during their leisure time. In contrast, sleep quality was not associated with any measures of CAR in officers who reported sufficient activity, suggesting a potential protective effect of LTPA. In analyses stratified by gender, findings for male officers were similar to those in the pooled sample, although we found no evidence for a modifying effect of LTPA in women. Future longitudinal studies in a larger population are needed to confirm these findings and further elucidate the relationships between LTPA, sleep quality, and cortisol response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desta Fekedulegn
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Kim Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cathy Tinney-Zara
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Luenda E Charles
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Penelope Allison
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sarah S Knox
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Garcia AF, Wilborn K, Mangold DL. The Cortisol Awakening Response Mediates the Relationship Between Acculturative Stress and Self-Reported Health in Mexican Americans. Ann Behav Med 2018; 51:787-798. [PMID: 28337601 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-017-9901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of acculturative stress as synonymous with acculturation level overlooks the dynamic, interactive, and developmental nature of the acculturation process. An individual's unique perception and response to a range of stressors at each stage of the dynamic process of acculturation may be associated with stress-induced alterations in important biological response systems that mediate health outcomes. Evidence suggests the cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a promising pre-clinical biomarker of stress exposure that may link acculturative stress to self-reported health in Mexican Americans. PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to examine whether alterations in the CAR mediate the relationship between acculturative stress and self-reported health in Mexican Americans. METHODS Salivary cortisol samples were collected at awakening, 30, 45, and 60 min thereafter, on two consecutive weekdays from a sample of adult Mexican Americans. Acculturative stress and self-reported health were assessed. Data were aggregated and analyzed (n = 89) using a mixed effects regression model and path analysis. RESULTS Poorer self-reported health was associated with attenuated CAR profiles (primarily due to a diminished post-awakening rise in cortisol) predicted by both moderate and high levels of exposure to acculturative stress. Stress-induced alterations in the CAR mediated the relationship between exposure to acculturative stressors and self-reported health. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that different levels of acculturative stress are associated with distinct CAR profiles and suggest the CAR is one possible biological pathway through which exposure to culturally unique stressors may be linked to health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Garcia
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | | | - Deborah L Mangold
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The Vicious Circle of Working Hours, Sleep, and Recovery in Expert Work. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071361. [PMID: 29958458 PMCID: PMC6068518 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate working hours, sleep quality and alertness, and recovery and detachment in expert work using a mobile app. The study sample comprised members of The Finnish Business School Graduates and employees of an information technology (IT) company. The final study sample included 154 employees with at least four days of mobile app data. For statistical analyses of the survey and mobile app data (cross-sectional setting), we used logistic regression, and for the day-to-day data, we used multi-level logistic regression to calculate the odds ratios (OR), and a general equation estimates model for regression coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The results showed that moderate to fair sleep quality or alertness at awakening were associated with longer working hours the following day (OR 1.07–1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.22). Recovery and detachment during the preceding day were associated with longer working hours. These associations were the same in the opposite direction. To conclude, the day-to-day ratings of sleep quality and alertness at awakening, and recovery and detachment from work during leisure time were associated with increased working hours the following day. In addition, longer working hours the preceding day were associated with worse ratings of sleep quality, alertness, recovery, and detachment.
Collapse
|
38
|
Doerr JM, Nater UM, Ehlert U, Ditzen B. Co-variation of fatigue and psychobiological stress in couples' everyday life. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 92:135-141. [PMID: 29395487 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited knowledge about how fatigue develops and worsens and what influences fluctuations in daily fatigue. Stress was found to influence fatigue, and being in a relationship seems to either increase or decrease stress depending on the couple interaction. In this study, co-variation of fatigue, self-reported stress, and biological stress markers in couples' everyday lives was investigated. Specifically, we examined a) whether momentary couple interactions moderated dyadic outcomes and b) whether and how stress and relationship measures influenced individual momentary fatigue. METHODS Forty heterosexual couples (age: 28 ± 5 years) reported subjective fatigue and stress levels 4 times a day for 5 consecutive days (1600 measures). Furthermore, participants reported whether they had interacted with their partner since the last data entry and, if so, they rated the valence of this interaction. Salivary cortisol (a measure of HPA axis activity) and alpha amylase (a measure of ANS activity) were analyzed as biological stress markers from saliva samples obtained at the same time points. Moment-to-moment data were analyzed using dyadic multilevel models to account for the nested design. RESULTS Stress (women and men: p ≤ 0.001) and fatigue (women: p = .003, men: p = .020) showed patterns of co-variation within couples, especially if partners had interacted with each other since the previous data entry. Cortisol was also found to co-vary between partners (women: unstandardized coefficient (UC) = 0.12, p ≤ .001, men: UC = 0.18, p ≤ .001), whereas the regulation of alpha-amylase levels depending on the partner's levels was only present in women (UC = 0.11, p = .002). Valence of couple interaction was negatively associated with fatigue (women: UC = -0.13, p ≤ .001, men: UC = -0.06, p = .011). There was no momentary association of fatigue with an individual's own or the partner's subjective or biological stress markers. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue and stress levels during the day seem to co-vary within couples. These associations were particularly strong when the partners had interacted with each other since the last measurement. These data underline the importance of social factors in fatigue and stress in everyday life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Doerr
- Clinical Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Urs M Nater
- Clinical Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany; Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuhlestr. 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer Str. 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Holding BC, Laukka P, Fischer H, Bänziger T, Axelsson J, Sundelin T. Multimodal Emotion Recognition Is Resilient to Insufficient Sleep: Results From Cross-Sectional and Experimental Studies. Sleep 2018; 40:4096875. [PMID: 28958084 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Insufficient sleep has been associated with impaired recognition of facial emotions. However, previous studies have found inconsistent results, potentially stemming from the type of static picture task used. We therefore examined whether insufficient sleep was associated with decreased emotion recognition ability in two separate studies using a dynamic multimodal task. Methods Study 1 used a cross-sectional design consisting of 291 participants with questionnaire measures assessing sleep duration and self-reported sleep quality for the previous night. Study 2 used an experimental design involving 181 participants where individuals were quasi-randomized into either a sleep-deprivation (N = 90) or a sleep-control (N = 91) condition. All participants from both studies were tested on the same forced-choice multimodal test of emotion recognition to assess the accuracy of emotion categorization. Results Sleep duration, self-reported sleep quality (study 1), and sleep deprivation (study 2) did not predict overall emotion recognition accuracy or speed. Similarly, the responses to each of the twelve emotions tested showed no evidence of impaired recognition ability, apart from one positive association suggesting that greater self-reported sleep quality could predict more accurate recognition of disgust (study 1). Conclusions The studies presented here involve considerably larger samples than previous studies and the results support the null hypotheses. Therefore, we suggest that the ability to accurately categorize the emotions of others is not associated with short-term sleep duration or sleep quality and is resilient to acute periods of insufficient sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petri Laukka
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | | | - John Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Tina Sundelin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Acute Stress and Anxiety in Medical Residents on the Emergency Department Duty. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [PMID: 29534002 PMCID: PMC5877051 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this longitudinal study were to compare salivary cortisol release patterns in medical residents and their self-perceived anxiety levels between a regular working day and a day when on call in the emergency department (ED-duty day) and to determine any differences in cortisol release pattern as a function of years of residency or sex. The study included 35 residents (physicians-in-training) of the Granada University Hospital, Granada, Spain. Acute stress was measured on a regular working day and an ED-duty day, evaluating anxiety-state with the Spanish version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Physiological stress assessment was based on salivary cortisol levels. Cortisol release concentrations were higher on an ED-duty day than on a regular working day, with a significantly increased area under the curve (AUC) (p < 0.006). This difference slightly attenuated with longer residency experience. No gender difference in anxiety levels was observed (p < 0.001). According to these findings, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and anxiety levels of medical residents are higher on an ED-duty day than on a regular working day.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bouwmans ME, Beltz AM, Bos EH, Oldehinkel AJ, de Jonge P, Molenaar PC. The person-specific interplay of melatonin, affect, and fatigue in the context of sleep and depression. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
42
|
Haag P, Shankland R, Osin E, Boujut É, Cazalis F, Bruno AS, Vrignaud P, Gay MC. Stress perçu et santé physique des doctorants dans les universités françaises. PRAT PSYCHOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prps.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
43
|
Butler KG. Relationship Between the Cortisol-Estradiol Phase Difference and Affect in Women. J Circadian Rhythms 2018; 16:3. [PMID: 30210563 PMCID: PMC5853846 DOI: 10.5334/jcr.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Affective disorders impact women's health, with a lifetime prevalence of over twelve per cent. They have been correlated with reproductive cycle factors, under the regulation of hormonal circadian rhythms. In affective disorders, circadian rhythms may become desynchronized. The circadian rhythms of cortisol and estradiol may play a role in affective disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the temporal relationship between the rhythms of cortisol and estradiol and its relationship to affect. It was hypothesized that a cortisol-estradiol phase difference (PD) exists that correlates with optimal affect. A small scale, comparative, correlational design was used to test the hypothesis. Twenty-three women were recruited from an urban university. Salivary samples were collected over a twenty-four-hour period and fitted to a cosinor model. Subjective measures of affect were collected. Relationships between the cortisol-estradiol PD and affect were evaluated using a second-degree polynomial equation. Results demonstrated a significant correlation in affect measures (p < 0.05). An optimal PD was identified for affect to be 3.6 hours. The phase relationship between cortisol and estradiol may play a role in the development of alterations in affective disorders.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lucas-Thompson RG, Henry KL, McKernan CJ. Is cortisol production in response to an acute stressor associated with diurnal cortisol production during adolescence? Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:449-457. [PMID: 29411869 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to examine the extent to which cortisol responding to an acute stressor is related to diurnal cortisol patterns during adolescence. Participants were 105 adolescents (10-17 years of age) who experienced a robust social-evaluative stressor and provided saliva samples (before and immediately after, as well as 10, 20, and 30 min after the stressor) to assess both cortisol reactivity and recovery and also provided saliva samples (at wake-up, 30 min after wake-up, 4 pm, and at bedtime) on two consecutive days to measure diurnal cortisol production. Dual process latent growth curve models, one for cortisol reactivity and one for diurnal cortisol, indicated that dampened cortisol reactivity and prolonged cortisol recovery (i.e., less cortisol produced during reactivity but more cortisol produced during recovery) were associated with dampened decreases in cortisol production across the day, suggesting that adolescents are likely to show attenuation in multiple components of HPA axis functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Charlotte J McKernan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Morgan E, Schumm LP, McClintock M, Waite L, Lauderdale DS. Sleep Characteristics and Daytime Cortisol Levels in Older Adults. Sleep 2017; 40:3064347. [PMID: 28329370 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Older adults frequently report sleep problems and are at increased risk of cardiometabolic disruption. Experimental sleep restriction of younger adults has suggested that cortisol may be on the pathway between sleep restriction and cardiometabolic disease. We investigated whether the natural variation in sleep among older adults is associated with daytime cortisol level. Methods Salivary cortisol samples and actigraphy sleep data were collected from a random subsample of participants in the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, a nationally representative probability sample of adults aged 62-90 (N = 672). Salivary cortisol was measured with 3 timed samples at the beginning, middle, and end of a 2-hr in-home interview. Sleep characteristics were derived from wrist actigraphy (fragmentation, wake after sleep onset [WASO], and duration) and from survey responses about usual sleep duration and sleep problems. For each individual, a single summary daytime cortisol level was estimated by fitting a marginal longitudinal model for the 3 time-stamped cortisol samples. The resulting estimates were then regressed on each sleep measure, adjusting for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and comorbidities. Results From actigraphy, both higher fragmentation score (β = 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.00 to 0.03) and longer WASO (β = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.51) were significantly associated with higher daytime cortisol; sleep duration was not. Self-reported sleep duration and sleep problems were also not associated with cortisol. Conclusion Actigraph measures of sleep disturbance are associated with higher daytime cortisol among older adults. However, cross-sectional data cannot distinguish causal direction or whether cortisol and sleep disruption have a common cause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Morgan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L Philip Schumm
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Linda Waite
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Diane S Lauderdale
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Proulx J, Klee D, Oken BS. Do psychosocial predictors affect the following days' cortisol awakening response? Expanding the temporal frame with which to explore morning cortisol. Stress 2017. [PMID: 28641470 PMCID: PMC5866908 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1346076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of the extant cortisol awakening response (CAR) literature posits that CAR is an anticipatory response to perceived demands later that same day. However, expanding and switching the temporal order of cortisol and psychosocial influences may motivate more flexible approaches to understanding the dynamic relationship between mind and body, including cumulative strain on the HPA axis. This study was novel because we used two models to explore the effects of one day's emotion regulation and cortisol levels on cortisol and CAR the following day in 100 mildly stressed adults aged 50-81 years old, which contrasts with the more common CAR-anticipatory-response design. In the first model, High negative-affect-variation on day 1 predicted a higher risk of having a flat CAR the next day, relative to the moderate-affect-variation group (RR = 10.10, p < .05). In the second model, higher bedtime cortisol on day 1 was positively associated with waking cortisol (β = .293, p < .01) and flatter CAR slopes on day 2 (β = -.422, p < .001). These results show that morning cortisol intercepts and slopes may be associated with previous days' affect variability and levels of bedtime cortisol. These results also suggest that anticipation of demands may extend to the previous day, rather than just the morning of the demand, indicating a broader temporal framework for the study of CAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Proulx
- a Department of Neurology , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Daniel Klee
- a Department of Neurology , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Barry S Oken
- a Department of Neurology , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Khan MS, Misra SK, Wang Z, Daza E, Schwartz-Duval AS, Kus JM, Pan D, Pan D. Paper-Based Analytical Biosensor Chip Designed from Graphene-Nanoplatelet-Amphiphilic-diblock-co-Polymer Composite for Cortisol Detection in Human Saliva. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2107-2115. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Khan
- Biomedical
Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois United States
| | - Santosh K. Misra
- Biomedical
Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Biomedical
Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois United States
| | - Enrique Daza
- Biomedical
Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois United States
| | | | - Joseph M. Kus
- Biomedical
Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois United States
| | | | - Dipanjan Pan
- Biomedical
Research Center, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sveinsdottir V, Eriksen HR, Ursin H, Hansen ÅM, Harris A. Cortisol, Health, and Coping in Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2016; 41:9-16. [PMID: 26287577 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-015-9300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Subjective health complaints (SHC), including nonspecific low back pain (LBP) as the most common single complaint, are the main reasons for long-term sick leave in many western countries. These complaints are often attributed to "stress". Cortisol has frequently been considered a biomarker reflecting sustained physiological HPA-axis activity, and is characterized by a high cortisol awakening response (CAR) and low evening values. The aim of the study was to investigate whether LBP patients had a normal characteristic cortisol profile, and whether possible deviations were related to coping and health. 305 patients on long-term sick leave for LBP participated in the study, and saliva cortisol profiles were compared to a reference population consisting of Danish workers. Cortisol was measured upon awakening, after 30 min, and in the evening. Additionally, patients answered questionnaires about SHC, fatigue, pain, coping, and social support. The patients showed a seemingly normal cortisol profile. However, CAR was larger among patients compared to the reference population. Patients with low cortisol reactivity had more SHC, pain, and fatigue, and those with higher evening cortisol reported higher scores on coping. The results are discussed in terms of theory, practical considerations, and possible mechanisms for the association between cortisol, health, and coping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hege R Eriksen
- Uni Research Health, Uni Research, POB 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Holger Ursin
- Uni Research Health, Uni Research, POB 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åse M Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Harris
- Uni Research Health, Uni Research, POB 7810, 5020, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
HILDITCH CJ, DORRIAN J, BANKS S. Time to wake up: reactive countermeasures to sleep inertia. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2016; 54:528-541. [PMID: 27193071 PMCID: PMC5136610 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2015-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep inertia is the period of impaired performance and grogginess experienced after waking. This period of impairment is of concern to workers who are on-call, or nap during work hours, and need to perform safety-critical tasks soon after waking. While several studies have investigated the best sleep timing and length to minimise sleep inertia effects, few have focused on countermeasures -especially those that can be implemented after waking (i.e. reactive countermeasures). This structured review summarises current literature on reactive countermeasures to sleep inertia such as caffeine, light, and temperature and discusses evidence for the effectiveness and operational viability of each approach. Current literature does not provide a convincing evidence-base for a reactive countermeasure. Caffeine is perhaps the best option, although it is most effective when administered prior to sleep and is therefore not strictly reactive. Investigations into light and temperature have found promising results for improving subjective alertness; further research is needed to determine whether these countermeasures can also attenuate performance impairment. Future research in this area would benefit from study design features highlighted in this review. In the meantime, it is recommended that proactive sleep inertia countermeasures are used, and that safety-critical tasks are avoided immediately after waking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jillian DORRIAN
- Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Siobhan BANKS
- Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kuhlman KR, Repetti RL, Reynolds BM, Robles TF. Change in parent-child conflict and the HPA-axis: Where should we be looking and for how long? Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 68:74-81. [PMID: 26963373 PMCID: PMC5403246 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary cortisol is increasingly used as a longitudinal indicator of change in neuroendocrine regulation and as a predictor of health outcomes in youth. The purpose of this study was to describe which indices of HPA-axis functioning are sensitive to changes in parent-child conflict over a three week period and to explore the time course under which these changes can be measured. METHODS Youth (n=47; ages 8-13) completed daily diaries of their conflict with parents for 56 days. On days 17-18 and 38-39, youth contributed saliva samples upon waking, 30-minutes post-waking, afternoon, and bedtime. We assessed change in average diurnal HPA-axis functioning between day 17-18 and day 38-39 as a function of the slopes of change in parent-child conflict over 3 weeks. RESULTS Increasing parent-child conflict was positively associated with concurrent increases in total cortisol output (AUCg), flattening of the diurnal slope, and increases in cortisol at bedtime, but not with change in the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Further, associations between parent-child conflict and both AUCg and bedtime cortisol were observed with at least 14 days of daily diary reporting, whereas any additional ratings of conflict beyond 3 days of daily diaries did not improve model fit for changes in diurnal slope. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the within-subject up-regulation of the HPA-axis across three weeks in a healthy sample of youth exposed to natural increases in family conflict. In particular, cortisol at bedtime may be the HPA-axis index that is most sensitive to change over time in parent-child conflict, above and beyond conflict occurring that day. Further, when testing associations between family stressors and diurnal cortisol, the optimal schedule for assessing parent-child conflict varies for different indices of HPA-axis functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate R. Kuhlman
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Franz Hall 502, Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Corresponding author. (K.R. Kuhlman)
| | - Rena L. Repetti
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Franz Hall 502, Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bridget M. Reynolds
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Theodore F. Robles
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, Franz Hall 502, Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|