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Wilhelm RA, Lacey MF, Masters SL, Breeden CJ, Mann E, MacDonald HV, Gable PA, White EJ, Stewart JL. Greater weekly physical activity linked to left resting frontal alpha asymmetry in women: A study on gender differences in highly active young adults. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024:102679. [PMID: 38797225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity, beneficial for physical and psychological health, may facilitate affective mechanisms of positive emotion and approach-motivation. Greater resting frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA), an index of greater relative left than right frontal cortical activity, is a neural correlate of affective mechanisms possibly associated with active lifestyles. This study sought to amplify limited literature on the relationship between physical (in)activity, FAA, and gender differences. College students (n=70) self-reported physical activity (Total PA) and sedentary activity (Total Sitting) via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), followed by a resting electroencephalography session to record FAA. A Total PA*gender interaction (β=.462, t=3.163, p=.002) identified a positive relationship between Total PA and FAA in women (β=.434, t=2.221, p=.030) and a negative relationship for men (β=-.338, t=-2.300, p=.025). Total Sitting was positively linked to FAA (β=.288, t=2.228, p=.029; no gender effect). Results suggest affective mechanisms reflected by FAA (e.g., positive emotion, approach-motivation) are associated with physical activity for women, indicating a possible mechanism of the psychological benefits linked with physically active lifestyles. A positive relationship between sedentary behavior and greater left FAA may also reflect motivated mechanisms of behavior that aid in minimizing energy expenditure, particularly within the context of our highly active sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Wilhelm
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
| | - Micayla F Lacey
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Masters
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Psychology & Counseling, Hood College, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Breeden
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Psychology, Wingate University, Wingate, NC, USA
| | - Eric Mann
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Philip A Gable
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Evan J White
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA; Oxley School of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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Wutzl B, Leibnitz K, Kominami D, Ohsita Y, Kaihotsu M, Murata M. Analysis of the Correlation between Frontal Alpha Asymmetry of Electroencephalography and Short-Term Subjective Well-Being Changes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7006. [PMID: 37571789 PMCID: PMC10422288 DOI: 10.3390/s23157006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Subjective well-being (SWB) describes how well people experience and evaluate their current condition. Previous studies with electroencephalography (EEG) have shown that SWB can be related to frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA). While those studies only considered a single SWB score for each experimental session, our goal is to investigate such a correlation for individuals with a possibly different SWB every 60 or 30 s. Therefore, we conducted two experiments with 30 participants each. We used different temperature and humidity settings and asked the participants to periodically rate their SWB. We computed the FAA from EEG over different time intervals and associated the given SWB, leading to pairs of (FAA, SWB) values. After correcting the imbalance in the data with the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE), we performed a linear regression and found a positive linear correlation between FAA and SWB. We also studied the best time interval sizes for determining FAA around each SWB score. We found that using an interval of 10 s before recording the SWB score yields the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Wutzl
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Leibnitz
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daichi Kominami
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohsita
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiko Kaihotsu
- Technology Innovation Center, Daikin Industries, Ltd., Settsu 566-8585, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Shangguan C, Wang Y, Zhou B, Lu J, Shan M. Greater resting frontal alpha asymmetry associated with higher emotional expressive flexibility. Laterality 2023; 28:254-273. [PMID: 37368940 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2023.2228525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Emotional expressive flexibility (EEF) is an important social ability that has prompted scholars to examine its benefits to human mental health. However, the neural underpinnings of individual differences in the EEF remain unclear. In neuroscience, frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is regarded as a sensitive indicator of certain emotional modalities and affective styles. To the best of our knowledge, no study has linked FAA with EEF to examine whether FAA could be a potential neural indicator of EEF. In the present study, 47 participants (Mage = 22.38 years, 55.3% women) underwent a resting electroencephalogram and completed the flexible regulation of emotional expression scale (FREE). The results revealed that after controlling for gender, resting FAA scores positively predicted EEF, with relative left frontal activity associated with higher EEF. Additionally, this prediction was reflected in both the enhancement and suppression dimensions of EEF. Furthermore, individuals with relative left frontal activity reported greater enhancement and EEF than individuals with relative right frontal activity. The present study indicated that FAA may be a neural marker of EEF. In the future, more empirical studies are needed to provide causal evidence that the improvement in FAA can enhance EEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Shangguan
- College of Education Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Marxist, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingping Zhou
- School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Lu
- School of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixian Shan
- College of Education Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Long Z, Liu G, Xiao Z, Gao P. Improvement of Emotional Response to Negative Stimulations With Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise. Front Psychol 2021; 12:656598. [PMID: 34276479 PMCID: PMC8280290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.656598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that physical exercises (PEs) not only are good for fitness but also contribute to mental health and well-being. The positive influence of PEs on emotion has become a topic of much excitement. However, a quantitative study is required to discuss the effect of short-term moderate-intensity PE on the emotional response by using electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry. The experiments, including 20-min moderate-intensity cycling and EEG data acquisition with picture-induced emotion assessment protocol, were designed in this paper. The experiment procedure consists of two emotion assessment sessions, each of which contains 24 pictures. About 80 participants were randomly allocated into the exercise group and the control group. Participants in the exercise group were instructed to have a 20-min moderate-intensity cycling after the first assessment session, then rested until their heart rates recovered to baselines and their emotional states were assessed again in the second session. The control group only had a 20-min break without the cycling exercise between the two sessions. It was observed that, in the control group, the EEG asymmetry had no significant difference in these two assessment sessions for both positive and negative stimulations. However, in the exercise group, the difference of the EEG asymmetry before and after PE was significant only in response to negative stimulations. Further, the in-depth analysis of EEG asymmetry index changes of individual participants shows that the short-term moderate-intensity PE has a positive impact in response to negative stimulations. The proposed experiments show that the negative emotional experience can be reduced by the moderate-intensity PE and support the hypothesis that the moderate-intensity PE is good at improving emotional response to negative stimulations. This study provides the evidence of positive effects of PE in the domain of emotion regulation with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengji Long
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangyan Xiao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
Abstract. Volition is an essential component of sport and exercise. It comprises self-regulation processes complementing motivation to facilitate successful action. Therefore, sport psychological interventions or psychological skills training largely involve volition. Essentially, three theoretical approaches to volition have stimulated sport psychological research: the theory of action control, the Rubicon model of action phases, and the resource depletion model. These three models will be outlined and evaluated with regard to their contribution to sport psychological research. Despite their contributions, research on the exact mechanisms underlying volition is still in its infancy. Based on new developments involving affective neuroscience and self-control success, potential mechanisms are suggested. Subsequently, we discuss how these developments can advance the aforementioned well-established theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Beckmann
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
- Dept. Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Madison Ehmann
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | | | - Benedikt Perl
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - and Wiebke Hähl
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Ávila-Gandía V, Sánchez-Macarro M, Luque-Rubia A, García-Sánchez E, Cánovas F, López-Santiago A, López-Román FJ. High versus Low-Moderate Intensity Exercise Training Program as an Adjunct to Antihypertensive Medication: A Pilot Clinical Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040291. [PMID: 33920194 PMCID: PMC8069909 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this pilot clinical study we investigated the effect on blood pressure (BP) of two community-based exercise training programs of high (HIT) vs. low-moderate intensity (LMIT) in hypertensive individuals receiving at least one antihypertensive drug. METHODS The study included two phases of physical exercises based on 1-h session, 3 days/week for 12 and 16 weeks, respectively, separately by a 7-week resting period. Each phase was preceded by a four-week conditioning training period. According to the average maximal heart rate at baseline, participants were randomized to HIT (80-90%), LMIT (50-70%) or no-exercise (control). Heart rate was monitored during workout and BP profiles were registered by ambulatory BP monitoring at the beginning and end of each phase. RESULTS Of 60 individuals randomized, 44 completed the study (HIT, n = 10; LMIT, n = 16; controls, n = 18). BP levels were significantly reduced after the second phase for both LMIT (SBP -3.1 mmHg, DBP -2.4 mmHg) and HIT (SBP -10.8 mmHg, DBP -8.3 mmHg). Similar levels of improvement were also found in daytime and night-time BP. Mean attendance of the prescribed training sessions was 87.4 ± 6.2% for HIT and 87.4 ± 5.3% for LMIT during the first phase and 84.1 ± 5.0% and 85.2 ± 5.9% during the second phase, respectively (p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Both HIT and LMIT exercise training programs reduced BP but the HIT modality showed a lower rate of compliance with proposed training schedule. Intensity of training should be individually prescribed to improve tolerance to more high intensity exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maravillas Sánchez-Macarro
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Antonio Luque-Rubia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - Esther García-Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Invetigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Fernando Cánovas
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | | | - Francisco Javier López-Román
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (M.S.-M.); (A.L.-R.); (F.C.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Primary Care Research GroupBiomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB–Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Lin MA, Meng LF, Ouyang Y, Chan HL, Chang YJ, Chen SW, Liaw JW. Resistance-induced brain activity changes during cycle ergometer exercises. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:27. [PMID: 33741055 PMCID: PMC7977282 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background EEGs are frequently employed to measure cerebral activations during physical exercise or in response to specific physical tasks. However, few studies have attempted to understand how exercise-state brain activity is modulated by exercise intensity. Methods Ten healthy subjects were recruited for sustained cycle ergometer exercises at low and high resistance, performed on two separate days a week apart. Exercise-state EEG spectral power and phase-locking values (PLV) are analyzed to assess brain activity modulated by exercise intensity. Results The high-resistance exercise produced significant changes in beta-band PLV from early to late pedal stages for electrode pairs F3-Cz, P3-Pz, and P3-P4, and in alpha-band PLV for P3-P4, as well as the significant change rate in alpha-band power for electrodes C3 and P3. On the contrary, the evidence for changes in brain activity during the low-resistance exercise was not found. Conclusion These results show that the cortical activation and cortico-cortical coupling are enhanced to take on more workload, maintaining high-resistance pedaling at the required speed, during the late stage of the exercise period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-An Lin
- Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiang-Su, China
| | - Ling-Fu Meng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Ouyang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lung Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, and Health Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Szi-Wen Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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García-Sánchez E, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ávila-Gandía V, López-Román FJ, Menarguez-Puche JF. Effects of Two Community-Based Exercise Programs on Adherence, Cardiometabolic Markers, and Body Composition in Older People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040176. [PMID: 33081361 PMCID: PMC7711811 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally, and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) are major behavioral risk factors. Therefore, community-based programs are being designed based on the prescription of physical exercise from primary care centers to improve people’s health through changes in lifestyle. The objective was to compare the effects of two types of community exercise on adherence, lipid profile, body composition and blood pressure. A prospective observational cohort study was designed with two cohorts of study depending on the duration and type of physical exercise program performed. Fifty-one participants (82.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they carried out a short-term, non-individualized exercise program (3 months), and 42 participants (71.4% women) with CRF completed the observation period in which they conducted a long-term, individualized exercise program (6 months). The results suggest that participants who carried out the longer program with an individualized progression produced greater adherence to physical exercise and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure. In addition, LDL and insulin levels decreased in both groups. Therefore, our results suggest that a longer duration and individualized evolution of the loads of a community exercise program lead to higher levels of physical activity (PA) and improvements diastolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Sánchez
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitaria de la Región de Murcia (FFIS), Calle Luis Fontes Pagán 9, 1ª planta, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-9106-77964
| | - Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Sports Physiology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.)
| | - F. Javier López-Román
- Sports Physiology Department, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan F. Menarguez-Puche
- Primary Care Health Center, Jesús Marín, Calle Enrique Bernal Capel, 4, Molina de Segura, 30500 Murcia, Spain;
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9
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EEG Resting Asymmetries and Frequency Oscillations in Approach/Avoidance Personality Traits: A Systematic Review. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brain cortical activity in resting electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings can be considered as measures of latent individual disposition to approach/avoidance behavior. This systematic review aims to provide an updated overview of the relationship between resting EEG cortical activity and approach/avoidance motivation personality traits. Methods: The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA-Statement, using PsycArticles, MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, and Research Gate database. Restrictions were made by selecting EEG studies conducted in resting idling conditions, which included approach/avoidance personality traits or parallel measures, and an index of EEG brain activity. In the review 50 studies were selected, wherein 7120 healthy adult individuals participated. Results: The study of the relationship between resting EEG cortical activity and approach/avoidance personality traits provides controversial and unclear results. Therefore, the validity of resting asymmetry or frequency oscillations as a potential marker for approach/avoidance personality traits is not supported. Conclusions: There are important contextual and interactional factors not taken into account by researchers that could mediate or moderate this relationship or prove it scarcely replicable. Further, it would be necessary to conduct more sessions of EEG recordings in different seasons of the year to test the validity and the reliability of the neurobiological measures.
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Silveira R, Prado RCR, Brietzke C, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Santos TM, Pires FO, Asano RY. Prefrontal cortex asymmetry and psychological responses to exercise: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112580. [PMID: 31220517 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown a relationship between prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation asymmetry and psychological responses to exercise, so that a higher rest activation in left rather than right PFC has been associated with positive psychological responses to exercise such as an improved affect, anxiety and multidimensional arousal states. PURPOSE To review: 1) evidence that PFC activation asymmetry before exercise is associated with psychological responses to exercise; 2) protocols of PFC asymmetry determination. METHODS A systematic review (SR) was performed on studies retrieved from the PubMed and Web of Science database up to 04-30-2019. Eligibility criteria were: 1) studies investigating participants submitted to aerobic exercises; 2) including cerebral activation measures through electroencephalography (EEG) before the exercise bout; 3) and psychological measures during or after the exercise bout; 4) original studies. RESULTS A number of 1901 studies was retrieved from the databases and 1 study was manually inserted. Thereafter, 1858 studies were excluded during the screening stage so that 30 studies remained for the SR. After full reading, 22 studies were excluded and 8 studies composed the final SR. Methodological assessment revealed that 62.5% of the studies showed a low risk of bias, while 34.37% and 3.12% showed either an unclear or a high risk of bias, respectively. Protocols of PFC activation asymmetry used EEG at F3-F4-P3-P4 (3 studies), F3-F4 (2 studies), F3-F4-T3-T4 (1 study), F3-F4-F7-F8-T5-T6-P3-P4 (1 study) and Fp1-Fp2-Fz-F3-F4-F7-F8-Cz-C3-C4-T3-T4-T5-T6-Pz-P3-P4-Oz-O1-O2 (1 study) positions. Most studies (75%) found a higher left PFC activation associated with a greater affect (n = 2), energetic arousal (n = 2), lower anxiety (n = 2) as well as calmness and tired arousal, simultaneously (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Although the heterogeneity of PFC asymmetry protocols, reviewed studies showed a low risk of bias, suggesting that a higher left PFC activation is associated with a positive psychological response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Silveira
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raul Cosme Ramos Prado
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cayque Brietzke
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Érico Veríssimo Avenue, 701, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Performance and Health Research Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Prof. Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávio Oliveira Pires
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Rahman M, Karwowski W, Fafrowicz M, Hancock PA. Neuroergonomics Applications of Electroencephalography in Physical Activities: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:182. [PMID: 31214002 PMCID: PMC6558147 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen increased interest in neuroergonomics, which investigates the brain activities of people engaged in diverse physical and cognitive activities at work and in everyday life. The present work extends upon prior assessments of the state of this art. However, here we narrow our focus specifically to studies that use electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activity, correlates, and effects during physical activity. The review uses systematically selected, openly published works derived from a guided search through peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. Identified studies were then categorized by the type of physical activity and evaluated considering methodological and chronological aspects via statistical and content-based analyses. From the identified works (n = 110), a specific number (n = 38) focused on less mobile muscular activities, while an additional group (n = 22) featured both physical and cognitive tasks. The remainder (n = 50) investigated various physical exercises and sporting activities and thus were here identified as a miscellaneous grouping. Most of the physical activities were isometric exertions, moving parts of upper and lower limbs, or walking and cycling. These primary categories were sub-categorized based on movement patterns, the use of the event-related potentials (ERP) technique, the use of recording methods along with EEG and considering mental effects. Further information on subjects' gender, EEG recording devices, data processing, and artifact correction methods and citations was extracted. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the findings from various studies, statistical analyses were not performed. These were thus included in a descriptive fashion. Finally, contemporary research gaps were pointed out, and future research prospects to address those gaps were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjabeen Rahman
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Neurobiology Department, The Maloploska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter A Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Steinberg F, Pixa NH, Fregni F. A Review of Acute Aerobic Exercise and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effects on Cognitive Functions and Their Potential Synergies. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 12:534. [PMID: 30687048 PMCID: PMC6336823 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, several pharmaceutic and non-pharmaceutic approaches exist to treat psychiatric and neurological diseases. Because of the lack of treatment procedures that are medication free and without severe side effects, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) have been tested to explore the potential for initiating and modulating neuroplasticity in the human brain. Both tDCS and AE could support cognition and behavior in the clinical and non-clinical context to improve the recovery process within neurological or psychiatric conditions or to increase performance. As these techniques still lack meaningful effects, although they provide multiple beneficial opportunities within disease and health applications, there is emerging interest to find improved tDCS and AE protocols. Since multimodal approaches could provoke synergetic effects, a few recent studies have begun to combine tDCS and AE within different settings such as in cognitive training in health or for treatment purposes within clinical settings, all of which show superior effects compared to single technique applications. The beneficial outcomes of both techniques depend on several parameters and the understanding of neural mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Recent studies have begun to directly combine tDCS and AE within one session, although their interactions on the behavioral, neurophysiological and neurochemical levels are entirely unclear. Therefore, this review: (a) provides an overview of acute behavioral, neurophysiological, and neurochemical effects that both techniques provoke within only one single application in isolation; (b) gives an overview regarding the mechanistic pathways; and (c) discusses potential interactions and synergies between tDCS and AE that might be provoked when directly combining both techniques. From this literature review focusing primarily on the cognitive domain in term of specific executive functions (EFs; inhibition, updating, and switching), it is concluded that a direct combination of tDCS and AE provides multiple beneficial opportunities for synergistic effects. A combination could be useful within non-clinical settings in health and for treating several psychiatric and neurologic conditions. However, there is a lack of research and there are several possibly interacting moderating parameters that must be considered and more importantly must be systematically investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steinberg
- Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nils Henrik Pixa
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Pontifex MB, Gwizdala KL, Weng TB, Zhu DC, Voss MW. Cerebral blood flow is not modulated following acute aerobic exercise in preadolescent children. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 134:44-51. [PMID: 30316839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive enhancements following a single bout of exercise are frequently attributed to increases in cerebral blood flow, however to date we have little understanding of the extent to which such bouts of exercise actually even influence cerebral blood flow following the cessation of exercise. To gain such insight, both regional and global changes in cerebral blood flow were assessed using 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging in a sample of 41 preadolescent children. Using a within-participants randomized crossover design, cerebral blood flow as assessed prior to and following 20-min of either aerobic exercise or an active-control condition during two separate, counterbalanced sessions. The aerobic exercise condition consisted of walking/jogging on a motor driven treadmill at an intensity of approximately 70% of age-predicted maximum heart rate (HR = 136.1 ± 11.1 bpm). The active control condition consisted of walking on the treadmill at the lowest possible intensity (0.5 mph and 0% grade; HR = 92.0 ± 12.2 bpm). Findings revealed no differences in cerebral blood flow following the cessation of exercise relative to the active control condition. These findings demonstrate that cerebral blood flow may not be altered in preadolescent children following the termination of the exercise stimulus during the period when cognitive enhancements have previously been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, United States of America.
| | - Kathryn L Gwizdala
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, United States of America
| | - Timothy B Weng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - David C Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, United States of America
| | - Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, United States of America
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Frontal alpha asymmetry and aerobic exercise: are changes due to cardiovascular demand or bilateral rhythmic movement? Biol Psychol 2018; 132:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Reznik SJ, Allen JJB. Frontal asymmetry as a mediator and moderator of emotion: An updated review. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John J. B. Allen
- Department of Psychology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
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A single-bout of Endurance Exercise Modulates EEG Microstates Temporal Features. Brain Topogr 2017; 30:461-472. [PMID: 28528447 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrical neuroimaging is a promising method to explore the spontaneous brain function after physical exercise. The present study aims to investigate the effect of acute physical exercise on the temporal dynamic of the resting brain activity captured by the four conventional map topographies (microstates) described in the literature, and to associate these brain changes with the post-exercise neuromuscular function. Twenty endurance-trained subjects performed a 30-min biking task at 60% of their maximal aerobic power followed by a 10 km all-out time trial. Before and after each exercise, knee-extensor neuromuscular function and resting EEG were collected. Both exercises resulted in a similar increase in microstate class C stability and duration, as well as an increase in transition probability of moving toward microstate class C. After the first exercise, the increase in class C global explained variance was correlated with the indice of muscle alterations (100 Hz paired stimuli). After the second exercise, the increase in class C mean duration was correlated with the 100 Hz paired stimuli, but also with the reduction in maximal voluntary force. Interestingly, microstate class C has been associated with the salience resting-state network, which participates in integrating multisensory modalities. We speculate that temporal reorganization of the brain state after exercise could be partially modulated by the muscle afferents that project into the salience resting-state network, and indirectly participates in modulating the motor behavior.
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Tempest GD, Parfitt G. Prefrontal oxygenation and the acoustic startle eyeblink response during exercise: A test of the dual-mode model. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1070-1080. [PMID: 28370024 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between the prefrontal cortex and amygdala is proposed to explain the regulation of affective responses (pleasure/displeasure) during exercise as outlined in the dual-mode model. However, due to methodological limitations the dual-mode model has not been fully tested. In this study, prefrontal oxygenation (using near-infrared spectroscopy) and amygdala activity (reflected by eyeblink amplitude using acoustic startle methodology) were recorded during exercise standardized to metabolic processes: 80% of ventilatory threshold (below VT), at the VT, and at the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise was assessed prior to, and affective responses recorded during exercise. The results revealed that, as the intensity of exercise became more challenging (from below VT to RCP), prefrontal oxygenation was larger and eyeblink amplitude and affective responses were reduced. Below VT and at VT, larger prefrontal oxygenation was associated with larger eyeblink amplitude. At the RCP, prefrontal oxygenation was greater in the left than right hemisphere, and eyeblink amplitude explained significant variance in affective responses (with prefrontal oxygenation) and self-reported tolerance. These findings highlight the role of the prefrontal cortex and potentially the amygdala in the regulation of affective (particularly negative) responses during exercise at physiologically challenging intensities (above VT). In addition, a psychophysiological basis of self-reported tolerance is indicated. This study provides some support of the dual-mode model and insight into the neural basis of affective responses during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Tempest
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Nice, France
| | - Gaynor Parfitt
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lattari E, Portugal E, Junior RSM, Oliveira BRR, Santos TM, Mura G, Sancassiani F, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Arias-Carrión O, Budde H, Rocha NB, Machado S. Acute Affective Responses and Frontal Electroencephalographic Asymmetry to Prescribed and Self-selected Exercise. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2016; 12:108-119. [PMID: 27867416 PMCID: PMC5095897 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901612010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Our goal was to compare affective responses and frontal electroencephalographic alpha asymmetry induced by prescribed exercise (PE) and self-selected exercise (SS). Method: Twenty active participants underwent a submaximal exercise test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). Participants enrolled a cross-over randomized study where each participant completed three conditions: PE (50%PVO2max), SS and Control. The electroencephalography was performed before and after exercise. The feeling scale, felt arousal scale and heart rate were recorded before, during and after each condition. The ratings of perceived exertion were recorded during and after each condition. Results: The heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion showed higher values in the PE and SS conditions compared to controls, with no differences between the PE and SS conditions. For the feeling scale, the SS presented higher values compared to the PE and Control conditions. The felt arousal scale presented higher values in the PE and SS conditions compared to control. There was no interaction between condition and moment, or main effect for condition and moment for frontal alpha asymmetry (InF4-InF3). Conclusion: The SS provided better affective responses compared to PE, thus can consider self-selected intensity as an appropriate option. In general, no frontal alpha asymmetry was seen due to an exercise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lattari
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil ; Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Portugal
- Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, IPUB/UFRJ, RJ, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise, UERJ, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gioia Mura
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, México; Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, México; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos de Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Secretaria de Salud México DF, México; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Pedagogy, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland; Lithuanian Sport University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Nuno Barbosa Rocha
- Polytechnic Institute of Porto, School of Allied Health Sciences, Portugal; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil; Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
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19
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Seo Y, Burns K, Fennell C, Kim JH, Gunstad J, Glickman E, McDaniel J. The Influence of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Normobaric Hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 2015. [PMID: 26214045 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2015.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous reports indicate that exercise improves cognitive function in normoxia, the influence of exercise on cognitive function in hypoxia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if the impaired cognitive function in hypoxia can be restored by low to moderate intensity exercise. Sixteen young healthy men completed the ANAM versions of the Go/No-Go task (GNT) and Running Memory Continuous Performance Task (RMCPT) in normoxia to serve as baseline (B-Norm) (21% O2). Following 60 minutes of exposure to normobaric hypoxia (B-Hypo) (12.5% O2), these tests were repeated at rest and during cycling exercise at 40% and 60% of adjusted Vo2max. At B-Hypo, the % correct (p≤0.001) and throughput score (p≤0.001) in RMCPT were significantly impaired compared to B-Norm. During exercise at 40% (p=0.023) and 60% (p=0.006) of adjusted Vo2max, the throughput score in RMCPT improved compared to B-Hypo, and there was no significant difference in throughput score between the two exercise intensities. Mean reaction time also improved at both exercise intensities compared to B-Hypo (p≤0.028). Both peripheral oxygen saturation (Spo2) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSo2) significantly decreased during B-Hypo (p≤0.001) and further decreased at 40% (p≤0.05) and 60% (p≤0.039) exercise. There was no significant difference in Spo2 or rSo2 between two exercise intensities. These data indicate that low to moderate exercise (i.e., 40%-60% adjusted Vo2max) may attenuate the risk of impaired cognitive function that occurs in hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsuk Seo
- 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - Keith Burns
- 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - Curtis Fennell
- 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- 2 National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Gunstad
- 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - Ellen Glickman
- 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio
| | - John McDaniel
- 1 Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio.,3 Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Cleveland, Ohio
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20
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Kilpatrick MW, Greeley SJ, Collins LH. The Impact of Continuous and Interval Cycle Exercise on Affect and Enjoyment. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2015; 86:244-251. [PMID: 25811234 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2015.1015673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rates of physical activity remain low despite public health efforts. One form of physical activity that provides significant physiological benefit but has not been evaluated in terms of affective and enjoyment responses is interval exercise. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare affect and enjoyment assessed before, during, and after interval and continuous exercise sessions. METHOD Twenty-four participants (12 men, 12 women; body mass index = 24 ± 4, maximal oxygen consumption = 41 ± 5 mL/kg/min) completed a maximal cycle ergometer test used to prescribe experimental trials: (a) moderate continuous, (b) heavy continuous, (c) heavy interval, and (d) severe interval. All trials were 20 min in length, and all intervals utilized 60-s segments and a 1:1 work-to-rest ratio. RESULTS Affective and enjoyment responses were significantly less positive for the heavy continuous trials in comparison with all other trials during exercise (p < .05; ES = .2-.8). Additionally, both severe and heavy interval exercise were more enjoyable than heavy continuous exercise (p > .05). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that interval protocols produce affective and enjoyment responses that are equal to moderate continuous exercise and more positive than heavy continuous exercise. These results indicate that interval-based exercise may be a viable alternative to continuous exercise in the promotion of health and fitness.
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Chang YK, Chu CH, Wang CC, Song TF, Wei GX. Effect of acute exercise and cardiovascular fitness on cognitive function: An event-related cortical desynchronization study. Psychophysiology 2014; 52:342-51. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Chang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science; National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Chu
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science; National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Wang
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science; National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Tai-Fen Song
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science; National Taiwan Sport University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Gao-Xia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences; Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Science; China
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22
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Kluetsch RC, Ros T, Théberge J, Frewen PA, Calhoun VD, Schmahl C, Jetly R, Lanius RA. Plastic modulation of PTSD resting-state networks and subjective wellbeing by EEG neurofeedback. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 130:123-36. [PMID: 24266644 PMCID: PMC4442612 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback training has been shown to produce plastic modulations in salience network and default mode network functional connectivity in healthy individuals. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of neurofeedback training aimed at the voluntary reduction of alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz) amplitude would be related to differences in EEG network oscillations, functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity, and subjective measures of state anxiety and arousal in a group of individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD Twenty-one individuals with PTSD related to childhood abuse underwent 30 min of EEG neurofeedback training preceded and followed by a resting-state fMRI scan. RESULTS Alpha desynchronizing neurofeedback was associated with decreased alpha amplitude during training, followed by a significant increase ('rebound') in resting-state alpha synchronization. This rebound was linked to increased calmness, greater salience network connectivity with the right insula, and enhanced default mode network connectivity with bilateral posterior cingulate, right middle frontal gyrus, and left medial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION Our study represents a first step in elucidating the potential neurobehavioural mechanisms mediating the effects of neurofeedback treatment on regulatory systems in PTSD. Moreover, it documents for the first time a spontaneous EEG 'rebound' after neurofeedback, pointing to homeostatic/compensatory mechanisms operating in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie C. Kluetsch
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Tomas Ros
- Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Medical Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A. Frewen
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA & Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Rakesh Jetly
- Directorate of Mental Health, Canadian Forces Health Services, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth A. Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Corrigan PW, Rüsch N, Ben-Zeev D, Sher T. The rational patient and beyond: implications for treatment adherence in people with psychiatric disabilities. Rehabil Psychol 2014; 59:85-98. [PMID: 24446671 PMCID: PMC4032025 DOI: 10.1037/a0034935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many people with psychiatric disabilities do not benefit from evidence-based practices because they often do not seek out or fully adhere to them. One way psychologists have made sense of this rehabilitation and health decision process and subsequent behaviors (of which adherence might be viewed as one) is by proposing a "rational patient"; namely, that decisions are made deliberatively by weighing perceived costs and benefits of intervention options. Social psychological research, however, suggests limitations to a rational patient theory that impact models of health decision making. DESIGN The research literature was reviewed for studies of rational patient models and alternative theories with empirical support. Special focus was on models specifically related to decisions about rehabilitation strategies for psychiatric disability. RESULTS Notions of the rational patient evolved out of several psychological models including the health belief model, protection motivation theory, and theory of planned behavior. A variety of practice strategies evolved to promote rational decision making. However, research also suggests limitations to rational deliberations of health. (1) Rather than carefully and consciously considered, many health decisions are implicit, potentially occurring outside awareness. (2) Decisions are not always planful; often it is the immediate exigencies of a context rather than an earlier balance of costs and benefits that has the greatest effects. (3) Cool cognitions often do not dictate the process; emotional factors have an important role in health decisions. Each of these limitations suggests additional practice strategies that facilitate a person's health decisions. CONCLUSION Old models of rational decision making need to be supplanted by multiprocess models that explain supradeliberative factors in health decisions and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamara Sher
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
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Sibold JS, Hammack SE, Falls WA. C57 mice increase wheel-running behavior following stress: preliminary findings. Percept Mot Skills 2012; 113:605-18. [PMID: 22185076 DOI: 10.2466/06.16.20.pms.113.5.605-618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to reduce anxiety in both humans and animals. To date, there are few, if any studies that examine the effect of stress on self-selected exercise using an animal model. This study examined the effect of acute stress on wheel-running distance in mice. Forty 8-week-old, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups: no stress + wheel-running experience, stress + wheel-running experience, or stress with no wheel-running experience. Stressed mice were exposed to foot shock in a brightly lit environment. Following treatment, wheel-running distances were observed for three hours. Stress significantly increased voluntary wheel-running in mice with wheel-running experience as compared to nonstressed controls and stressed mice with no wheel-running experience. These results suggest that mice familiar with wheel-running may self-select this exercise as a modality for the mitigation of accumulated anxiety.
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Vogt T, Schneider S, Abeln V, Anneken V, Strüder HK. Exercise, mood and cognitive performance in intellectual disability—A neurophysiological approach. Behav Brain Res 2012; 226:473-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Minniti A, Tyler CJ, Sunderland C. Effects of a cooling collar on affect, ratings of perceived exertion, and running performance in the heat. Eur J Sport Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2010.536577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu X, Iwanaga K, Koda S. Circulatory and central nervous system responses to different types of mental stress. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2011; 49:265-273. [PMID: 21670554 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the physiological responses to different types of mental stress encountered in the workplace. Circulatory and central nervous system responses were examined in 8 healthy males by exposing them to 20-min of white noise (80 dB(A)) and 20-min of computer-based mental arithmetic tasks as models of vascular and cardiac stress, respectively. The results indicated that both cardiac and vascular stresses increased blood pressure and showed a cumulative effect as exposure period was extended. Heart rate and prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin levels (measured by NIRS) increased in the face of cardiac stress but were not clearly altered by vascular stress and indicated that cardiac stress higher cardiac response and requires more oxygen supply to the brain. As the central nervous system responded, an event-related potential P300 component was elicited by an auditory oddball task presented before and after each stress. The P300 amplitude increased for both stresses. However, P300 latency increased in response to cardiac stress but decreased with vascular stress in the left prefrontal. Thus, the circulatory and central nervous system responses to cardiac stress and to vascular stress may have different underlying mechanisms, and measuring physiological indices appears to be an effective method by which to evaluate the influence of mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan.
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