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Bizualem YD, Nurie AG. A review on recent biodiesel intensification process through cavitation and microwave reactors: Yield, energy, and economic analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24643. [PMID: 38312610 PMCID: PMC10834826 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of biodiesel as a reliable and green energy source has grown over the past few years. Biodiesel is sustainable and biodegradable because it is only made from vegetable contents and waste cooking oil. Although biodiesel has many advantages over conventional fuels, there are still a lot of technological issues that need to be addressed during the production process. The yield of biodiesel produced using conventional methods is poor and the process is time-consuming. Process enhancements like cavitation and microwave have thus been developed to address this problem. Starting with a comparison to the conventional biodiesel process, this paper has reviewed the most recent developments in the increase of mixture and transfer of heat in these two reactors. This paper examined biodiesel improvement using microwave and cavitation reactors, including biodiesel yield, by meticulously reviewing and analyzing previous works. The production of biodiesel from various raw materials using a range of catalysts, energy requirements, as well as operating factors, activation energy, and constraints also have been discussed. Additionally, the economic analysis discusses the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of implementing these technologies on a commercial scale. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the intensification of biodiesel production using cavitation and microwave reactors while considering both the technical and economic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Desta Bizualem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, P.O. Box: 208, Kombolcha, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Gashu Nurie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, P.O. Box: 208, Kombolcha, Ethiopia
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Esteban-Lustres R, Torres MD, Piñeiro B, Enjamio C, Domínguez H. Intensification and biorefinery approaches for the valorization of kitchen wastes - A review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 360:127652. [PMID: 35872274 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Kitchen wastes (KW) are post-consumption residues from household and food service sector, heterogenous in composition and highly variable depending on the particular origin, which are often treated as municipal. There is a need to improve the management of these continuously produced and worldwidely available resources and their valorization into novel and commercially interesting products will aid in the development of bioeconomy. The successful implementation of such approach requires cooperation between academia, industrial stakeholders, public and private institutions, based on the different dimensions, including social, economic, ecologic and technological involved. This review aims at presenting a survey of technological aspects, regarding current and potential management strategies of KW, following either a single or multiproduct processing according to the biorefineries scheme. Emphasis is given to intensification tools, designed to enhance process efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Esteban-Lustres
- CINBIO, Departament of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Ourense, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - María Dolores Torres
- CINBIO, Departament of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Ourense, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Piñeiro
- Economic Resources, CHOU, SERGAS, Ramon Puga Noguerol, 54, 32005 Ourense, Spain
| | - Cristina Enjamio
- Galaria, SERGAS, Edificio Administrativo San Lázaro s/n, 15701 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO, Departament of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Ourense, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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3
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Naghmash MA, El-Molla SA, Mahmoud HR. Synthesis and characterization of novel chlorinated SnO2 nanomaterials for biodiesel production via stearic acid esterification with methanol. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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4
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Khan MJ, Ahirwar A, Schoefs B, Pugazhendhi A, Varjani S, Rajendran K, Bhatia SK, Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Vinayak V. Insights into diatom microalgal farming for treatment of wastewater and pretreatment of algal cells by ultrasonication for value creation. Environ Res 2021; 201:111550. [PMID: 34224710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater management and its treatment have revolutionized the industry sector into many innovative techniques. However, the cost of recycling via chemical treatment has major issues especially in economically poor sectors. On the offset, one of the most viable and economical techniques to clean wastewater is by growing microalgae in it. Since wastewater is rich in nitrates, phosphates and other trace elements, the environment is suitable for the growth of microalgae. On the other side, the cost of harvesting microalgae for its secondary metabolites is burgeoning. While simultaneously growing of microalgae in photobioreactors requires regular feeding of the nutrients and maintenance which increases the cost of operation and hence cost of its end products. The growth of microalgae in waste waters makes the process not only economical but they also manufacture more amounts of value added products. However, harvesting of these values added products is still a cumbersome task. On the offset, it has been observed that pretreating the microalgal biomass with ultrasonication allows easy oozing of the secondary metabolites like oil, proteins, carbohydrates and methane at much lower cost than that required for their extraction. Among microalgae diatoms are more robust and have immense crude oil and are rich in various value added products. However, due to their thick silica walls they do not ooze the metabolites until the mechanical force on their walls reaches certain threshold energy. In this review recycling of wastewater using microalgae and its pretreatment via ultrasonication with special reference to diatoms is critically discussed. Perspectives on circular bioeconomy and knowledge gaps for employing microalgae to recycle wastewater have been comprehensively narrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Benoit Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans, France
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India.
| | - Karthik Rajendran
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Neerukonda, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. HarisinghGour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India.
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Vitidsant R, Kodama S, Sekiguchi H. Transesterification Using Ultrasonic Spray of Triolein Containing CaO Particles into Methanol Vapor in a 3-Phase Reactor. Processes (Basel) 2021; 9:181. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic spraying was used in a three-phase reactor to produce small droplets of triolein mixed with CaO as a solid catalyst at temperatures above the boiling point of methanol for enhancement of the transesterification of triolein. Droplets fell in the methanol countercurrent flow and were collected at the bottom of the reactor, followed by circulation to the ultrasonic spray system. The experimental parameters included triolein flow rates of 2.5–9.0 mL/min, reaction temperatures of 70–100 °C, and catalyst contents of 1.0–7.0 wt%. The methanol feed rate was set to be constant. The results suggested that the enhancement was successful after using the three-phase reactor by generating a high contact surface area for the droplets, which was a key factor for determining the performance. Comparing the results with conventional transesterification in the liquid phase using the same CaO at 60 °C, the three-phase reactor produced a methyl ester yield 2–5% higher during the 60 min trial period. However, the yield became lower after 60 min because the mass transfer of methanol to the droplets was limited. The transesterification kinetics were estimated based on the experimental data—assuming a first-order reaction—and the results indicated a range of the rate constant, an apparent activation energy, and a pre-exponential factor of 1.21–3.70 × 10−2 min−1, 36.1 kJ mol−1, and 64.9 min−1, respectively, suggesting that the three-phase reactor was effective for fast transesterification at the initial stage.
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Yuan G, Wu C, Zeng G, Niu X, Shen G, Wang L, Zhang X, Luque R, Wang Q. Kolbe Electrolysis of Biomass‐Derived Fatty Acids Over Pt Nanocrystals in an Electrochemical Cell. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Departamento de Quimica OrganicaUniversidad de Cordoba Campus de Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Cordoba E-14014 Spain
| | - Chan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Guorong Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica OrganicaUniversidad de Cordoba Campus de Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3) Cordoba E-14014 Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Moscow 117198 Russia
| | - Qingfa Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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Czechlowski M, Marcinkowski D, Golimowska R, Berger WA, Golimowski W. Spectroscopy approach to methanol detection in waste fat methyl esters. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 210:14-20. [PMID: 30419453 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Second-generation biodiesel manufactured from waste cooking oils (WCO) and inedible animal fats (AF) are one of the alternatives to the first generation (1G) vegetable oil-based biodiesel. In this study, a quality control method is proposed to evaluate methanol content in waste fat methyl esters and is based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with multivariate analysis. More specifically, calibration models are constructed using partial least squares regression (PLS) for the prediction of methanol content in rapeseed oil methyl ester (ROME), waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME), chicken fat methyl ester (CFME) and pork fat methyl ester (PFME) by Vis-NIR spectrometer. The calibration models are based on the absorbance spectra and computed data from five wavelength regions of 400-2170 nm, 780-2170 nm, 1400-2170 nm, 1400-1600 nm and 1970-2170 nm. For the cases with the highest prediction ability obtained in this study, the coefficient of determination of the model's goodness-of-fit for methanol concentrations range 0-5% (v/v) was R2 > 0.990, and for concentrations 0-1% (v/v) was R2 > 0.994, indicating the spectroscopic approach effectiveness in methanol content detection relevant to the biofuel quality assessment. A pseudo-univariate limits of detection (LODpu) and quantification (LOQpu) as well as ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) were used to confirm the validity and to evaluate the practical applicability of developed models. In addition, the obtained results indicate the possibility of developing a transmission sensor for online monitoring of the production process and the quality of biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Czechlowski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - D Marcinkowski
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland.
| | - R Golimowska
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - W A Berger
- Physics and Electrical Engineering Department, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
| | - W Golimowski
- Wroclaw University of Economics, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland
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8
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Thoai DN, Tongurai C, Prasertsit K, Kumar A. Review on biodiesel production by two-step catalytic conversion. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kim EJ, Jung W, Lim S, Kim S, Choi HG, Han SJ. Lipid Production by Arctic Microalga Chlamydomonas sp. KNF0008 at Low Temperatures. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:326-337. [PMID: 30443891 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A lipid-producing microalga, Chlamydomonas sp. KNF0008, collected from the Arctic was capable of growing at temperatures ranging from 4 to 20 °C, and the highest cell density was measured at 15 °C and 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1 light intensity under continuous shaking and external aeration. KNF0008 showed the elevated accumulation of lipid bodies under nitrogen-deficient conditions, rather than under nitrogen-sufficient conditions. Fatty acid production of KNF0008 was 4.2-fold (104 mg L-1) higher than that of C. reinhardtii CC-125 at 15 °C in Bold's Basal Medium. The dominant fatty acids were C16:0, C16:4, C18:1, and C18:3, and unsaturated fatty acids (65.69%) were higher than saturated fatty acids (13.65%) at 15 °C. These results suggested that Arctic Chlamydomonas sp. KNF0008 could possibly be utilized for production of biodiesel during periods of cold weather because of its psychrophilic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jae Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Woongsic Jung
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
- Department of Research and Development, GDE, Siheung, 14985, South Korea
| | - Suyoun Lim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
- Functional Genomics R&D Team, Syntekabio, Daejeon, 34025, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Se Jong Han
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
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Seadira T, Sadanandam G, Ntho TA, Lu X, Masuku CM, Scurrell M. Hydrogen production from glycerol reforming: conventional and green production. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2016-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The use of biomass to produce transportation and related fuels is of increasing interest. In the traditional approach of converting oils and fats to fuels, transesterification processes yield a very large coproduction of glycerol. Initially, this coproduct was largely ignored and then considered as a useful feedstock for conversion to various chemicals. However, because of the intrinsic large production, any chemical feedstock role would consume only a fraction of the glycerol produced, so other options had to be considered. The reforming of glycerol was examined for syngas production, but more recently the use of photocatalytic decomposition to hydrogen (H2) is of major concern and several approaches have been proposed. The subject of this review is this greener photocatalytic route, especially involving the use of solar energy and visible light. Several different catalyst designs are considered, together with a very wide range of secured rates of H2 production spanning several orders of magnitude, depending on the catalytic system and the process conditions employed. H2 production is especially high when used in glycerol-water mixtures.
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Cebrián-García S, Balu AM, Luque R. Ultrasound-Assisted Esterification of Valeric Acid to Alkyl Valerates Promoted by Biosilicified Lipases. Front Chem 2018; 6:197. [PMID: 29930937 PMCID: PMC5999784 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, environmentally friendly, and sustainable ultrasound-assisted methodology in the valorization of valeric acid to alkyl valerate using a biosilicified lipase from Candida antarctica is reported. This one-pot room temperature methodology of enzyme biosilicification leads to biosilicified lipases with improved activity and reaction efficiency as compared to free enzymes. Yields in the ultrasound-promoted esterification of valeric acid was ca. 90% in 2 h with 15% m/v of biosilicified lipase (Bio-lipase; 616 U/g biocatalyst enzymatic activity) and a molar ratio 1:2 (valeric acid:ethanol), slightly superior to that observed by the free enzyme (75% conversion, 583U/g biocatalyst enzymatic activity). The reuse of enzymes in these conditions was tested and the results show a relatively good reusability of these biosilicified enzymes under the investigated conditions, particularly preserving fairly stable specific activities (616 vs. 430 U/g biocatalyst after four reuses).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina M Balu
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Scientific Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis of Innovative Compounds for the Medical Industry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russia
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Sivaramakrishnan R, Incharoensakdi A. Microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel production under ultrasound treatment - A review. Bioresour Technol 2018; 250:877-887. [PMID: 29221914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultrasound in biodiesel production has recently emerged as a novel technology. Ultrasound treatment enhances the mass transfer characteristics leading to the increased reaction rate with short reaction time and potentially reduces the production cost. In this review, application of ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production using acid, base and enzyme catalysts is presented. A critical assessment of the current status of ultrasound in biodiesel production was discussed with the emphasis on using ultrasound for efficient microalgae biodiesel production. The ultrasound in the biodiesel production enhances the emulsification of immiscible liquid reactant by microturbulence generated by cavitation bubbles. The major benefit of the ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production is a reduction in reaction time. Several different methods have been discussed to improve the biodiesel production. Overall, this review focuses on the current understanding of the application of ultrasound in biodiesel production from microalgae and to provide insights into future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aran Incharoensakdi
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Maceiras
- Defense University Center; Escuela Naval Militar; Plaza de España 2 36920 Marín Spain
| | - Víctor Alfonsín
- Defense University Center; Escuela Naval Militar; Plaza de España 2 36920 Marín Spain
| | - Ángeles Cancela
- University of Vigo; Chemical Engineering Department, EEI; 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Ángel Sánchez
- University of Vigo; Chemical Engineering Department, EEI; 36310 Vigo Spain
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14
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Bhangu SK, Gupta S, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonic enhancement of lipase-catalysed transesterification for biodiesel synthesis. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 34:305-309. [PMID: 27773250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The production of biodiesel was carried out from canola oil and methanol catalysed by lipase from Candida rugosa under different ultrasonic experimental conditions using horn (20kHz) and plate (22, 44, 98 and 300kHz) transducers. The effects of experimental conditions such as horn tip diameter, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency and enzyme concentrations on biodiesel yield were investigated. The results showed that the application of ultrasound decreased the reaction time from 22-24h to 1.5h with the use of 3.5cm ultrasonic horn, an applied power of 40W, methanol to oil molar ratio of 5:1 and enzyme concentration of 0.23wt/wt% of oil. Low intensity ultrasound is efficient and a promising tool for the enzyme catalysed biodiesel synthesis as higher intensities tend to inactivate the enzyme and reduce its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India
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Shinde K, Nohair B, Kaliaguine S. A Parametric Study of Biodiesel Production Under Ultrasounds. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiesel, a vegetable oil-derived fuel, can be used as a partial or complete substitute to diesel oil. The main argument for its usage in internal combustion engines is its net CO2 balance which is considerably reduced compared to diesel fuel of fossil origin. A systematic study of ultrasound continuous biodiesel production using canola oil was conducted in the presence of methanol and sodium methoxide as catalyst. Effects of various reaction parameters such as residence time, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, ultrasounds amplitude and power, methanol/oil molar ratio were analyzed. Fatty acid methyl esters were produced rapidly by using ultrasound assisted transesterification. In typical conditions (35 °C) conversion to FAME higher than 80 % could be reached at residence time as low as 20 s. The parametric study allowed to establish that the effect of ultrasound wave on transesterification reaction rate is localized in a very small volume surrounding the sonotrode tip. This unprecedented conclusion has significant consequences for the design of the large scale continuous flow biodiesel production reactor.
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Zhang Y, You Q, Fu Y, Zhao M, Fan H, Liu Y, Dai C. Investigation on interfacial/surface properties of bio-based surfactant N -aliphatic amide- N , N -diethoxypropylsulfonate sodium as an oil displacement agent regenerated from waste cooking oil. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Supaporn P, Yeom SH. Optimization of a two-step biodiesel production process comprised of lipid extraction from blended sewage sludge and subsequent lipid transesterification. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mouat AR, Lohr TL, Wegener EC, Miller JT, Delferro M, Stair PC, Marks TJ. Reactivity of a Carbon-Supported Single-Site Molybdenum Dioxo Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan R. Mouat
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tracy L. Lohr
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Evan C. Wegener
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Miller
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Peter C. Stair
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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19
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Naveena B, Armshaw P, Tony Pembroke J. Ultrasonic intensification as a tool for enhanced microbial biofuel yields. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:140. [PMID: 26379772 PMCID: PMC4570611 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonication has recently received attention as a novel bioprocessing tool for process intensification in many areas of downstream processing. Ultrasonic intensification (periodic ultrasonic treatment during the fermentation process) can result in a more effective homogenization of biomass and faster energy and mass transfer to biomass over short time periods which can result in enhanced microbial growth. Ultrasonic intensification can allow the rapid selective extraction of specific biomass components and can enhance product yields which can be of economic benefit. This review focuses on the role of ultrasonication in the extraction and yield enhancement of compounds from various microbial sources, specifically algal and cyanobacterial biomass with a focus on the production of biofuels. The operating principles associated with the process of ultrasonication and the influence of various operating conditions including ultrasonic frequency, power intensity, ultrasonic duration, reactor designs and kinetics applied for ultrasonic intensification are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Naveena
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Materials and Surface Science Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Patricia Armshaw
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Materials and Surface Science Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Materials and Surface Science Institute, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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20
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Fayyazi E, Ghobadian B, Najafi G, Hosseinzadeh B, Mamat R, Hosseinzadeh J. An ultrasound-assisted system for the optimization of biodiesel production from chicken fat oil using a genetic algorithm and response surface methodology. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 26:312-320. [PMID: 25870003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a green (clean), renewable energy source and is an alternative for diesel fuel. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oil, animal fat and waste cooking oil or fat. Fats and oils react with alcohol to produce methyl ester, which is generally known as biodiesel. Because vegetable oil and animal fat wastes are cheaper, the tendency to produce biodiesel from these materials is increasing. In this research, the effect of some parameters such as the alcohol-to-oil molar ratio (4:1, 6:1, 8:1), the catalyst concentration (0.75%, 1% and 1.25% w/w) and the time for the transesterification reaction using ultrasonication on the rate of the fatty acids-to-methyl ester (biodiesel) conversion percentage have been studied (3, 6 and 9 min). In biodiesel production from chicken fat, when increasing the catalyst concentration up to 1%, the oil-to-biodiesel conversion percentage was first increased and then decreased. Upon increasing the molar ratio from 4:1 to 6:1 and then to 8:1, the oil-to-biodiesel conversion percentage increased by 21.9% and then 22.8%, respectively. The optimal point is determined by response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithms (GAs). The biodiesel production from chicken fat by ultrasonic waves with a 1% w/w catalyst percentage, 7:1 alcohol-to-oil molar ratio and 9 min reaction time was equal to 94.8%. For biodiesel that was produced by ultrasonic waves under a similar conversion percentage condition compared to the conventional method, the reaction time was decreased by approximately 87.5%. The time reduction for the ultrasonic method compared to the conventional method makes the ultrasonic method superior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fayyazi
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran 14114, Iran
| | - B Ghobadian
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran 14114, Iran.
| | - G Najafi
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-111, Tehran 14114, Iran
| | - B Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Mechanics of Biosystem, Shahr-e-Kord University, Shahr-e-Kord 115, Iran
| | - R Mamat
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, UMP 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
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21
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Sáez-Bastante J, Ortega-Román C, Pinzi S, Lara-Raya FR, Leiva-Candia DE, Dorado MP. Ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from Camelina sativa oil. Bioresour Technol 2015; 185:116-124. [PMID: 25768413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The main drawbacks of biodiesel production are high reaction temperatures, stirring and time. These could be alleviated by aiding transesterification with alternative energy sources, i.e. ultrasound (US). In this study, biodiesel was obtained from Camelina sativa oil, aided with an ultrasonic probe (20kHz, 70% duty cycle, 50% amplitude). Design of experiments included the combination of sonication and agitation cycles, w/wo heating (50°C). To gain knowledge about the implications of the proposed methodology, conventional transesterification was optimized, resulting in higher needs on catalyst concentration and reaction time, compared to the proposed reaction. Although FAME content met EN 14103 standard, FAME yields were lower than those provided by US-assisted transesterification. Energy consumption measurements showed that ultrasound assisted transesterification required lower energy, temperature, catalyst and reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sáez-Bastante
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Ortega-Román
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - S Pinzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - F R Lara-Raya
- Department of Electrical Engineering, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - D E Leiva-Candia
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - M P Dorado
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, EPS, Edificio Leonardo da Vinci, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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22
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Dubey SM, Gole VL, Gogate PR. Cavitation assisted synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from sustainable feedstock in presence of heterogeneous catalyst using two step process. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 23:165-173. [PMID: 25224854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the intensification aspects for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from a non-edible high acid value Nagchampa oil (31 mg of KOH/g of oil) using two stage acid esterification (catalyzed by H₂SO₄) followed by transesterification in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst (CaO). Intensification aspects of both stages have been investigated using sonochemical reactors and the obtained degree of intensification has been established by comparison with the conventional approach based on mechanical agitation. It has been observed that reaction temperature for esterification reduced from 65 to 40 °C for the ultrasonic approach whereas there was a significant reduction in the optimum reaction time for transesterification from 4h for the conventional approach to 2.5h for the ultrasound assisted approach. Also the reaction temperature reduced marginally from 65 to 60 °C and yield increased from 76% to 79% for the ultrasound assisted approach. Energy requirement and activation energy for both esterification and transesterification was lower for the ultrasound based approach as compared to the conventional approach. The present work has clearly established the intensification obtained due to the use of ultrasound and also illustrated the two step approach for the synthesis of FAME from high acid value feedstock based on the use of heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit M Dubey
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India
| | - Vitthal L Gole
- Chemical Engineering Department, AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune 411 001, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 40019, India.
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23
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Noipin K, Kumar S. Optimization of ethyl ester production assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 22:548-558. [PMID: 25116594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the optimization of the continuous flow potassium hydroxide-catalyzed synthesis of ethyl ester from palm oil with ultrasonic assistance. The process was optimized by application of factorial design and response surface methodology. The independent variables considered were ethanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and ultrasonic amplitude; and the response was ethyl ester yield. The results show that ethanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and ultrasonic amplitude have positive effect on ethyl ester yield, whereas reaction temperature has negative influence on ethyl ester yield. Second-order models were developed to predict the responses analyzed as a function of these three variables, and the developed models predicts the results in the experimental ranges studied adequately. This study shows that ultrasonic irradiation improved the ethyl ester production process to achieve ethyl ester yields above 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Noipin
- Energy Field of Study, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, KlongLuang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - S Kumar
- Energy Field of Study, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, KlongLuang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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24
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Luu PD, Truong HT, Luu BV, Pham LN, Imamura K, Takenaka N, Maeda Y. Production of biodiesel from Vietnamese Jatropha curcas oil by a co-solvent method. Bioresour Technol 2014; 173:309-316. [PMID: 25310867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel fuels (BDFs) was successfully produced from Vietnamese Jatropha curcas oil with high content of free fatty acids (FFAs) in two stages. In the first stage, the esterification process was carried out with the optimal conditions as follows; a methanol-to-FFAs molar ratio of 6:1, 1 wt% H2SO4, at a temperature of 65 °C, and using 30% (wt/wt) acetonitrile as co-solvent. This step reduced the concentration of FFAs in the reaction mixture from 15.93 to 2 wt% in 60 min. In the second stage, the transesterification process generated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) with 99% efficiency was performed in 30 min with the optimal conditions as follows; a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, 1 wt% KOH, at a temperature of 40 °C, and 20% (wt/wt) acetone as co-solvent. The produced biodiesel quality meets the standards JIS K2390 and EN 14214 regarding FAME yield, FFAs and water contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Duc Luu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, 19 Le Thanh Tong St., Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Hoa Thi Truong
- Danang Environmental Technology Center, Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Tran Dai Nghia Road, Ngu Hanh Son District, Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Boi Van Luu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, 19 Le Thanh Tong St., Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Lan Ngoc Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, VNU, 19 Le Thanh Tong St., Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Kyoshi Imamura
- Research Organization for University-Community Collaborations, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Norimichi Takenaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Maeda
- Research Organization for University-Community Collaborations, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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25
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Trentin CM, Popiolki AS, Batistella L, Rosa CD, Treichel H, de Oliveira D, Oliveira JV. Enzyme-catalyzed production of biodiesel by ultrasound-assisted ethanolysis of soybean oil in solvent-free system. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:437-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Choedkiatsakul I, Ngaosuwan K, Cravotto G, Assabumrungrat S. Biodiesel production from palm oil using combined mechanical stirred and ultrasonic reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:1585-1591. [PMID: 24418101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the production of biodiesel from palm oil using a combined mechanical stirred and ultrasonic reactor (MS-US). The incorporation of mechanical stirring into the ultrasonic reactor explored the further improvement the transesterification of palm oil. Initial reaction rate values were 54.1, 142.9 and 164.2 mmol/L min for the mechanical-stirred (MS), ultrasonic (US) and MS-US reactors, respectively. Suitable methanol to oil molar ratio and the catalyst loading values were found to be 6 and 1 of oil, respectively. The effect of ultrasonic operating parameters; i.e. frequency, location, and number of transducer, has been investigated. Based on the conversion yield at the reactor outlet after 1 h, the number of transducers showed a relevant role in the reaction rate. Frequency and transducer location would appear to have no significant effect. The properties of the obtained biodiesel (density, viscosity, pour point, and flash point) satisfy the ASTM standard. The combined MS-US reactors improved the reaction rate affording the methyl esters in higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Choedkiatsakul
- Centre of Excellence in Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - K Ngaosuwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok 10120, Thailand
| | - G Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - S Assabumrungrat
- Centre of Excellence in Catalysis and Catalytic Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Thanh LT, Okitsu K, Maeda Y, Bandow H. Ultrasound assisted production of fatty acid methyl esters from transesterification of triglycerides with methanol in the presence of KOH catalyst: optimization, mechanism and kinetics. Ultrason Sonochem 2014; 21:467-471. [PMID: 24161255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound assisted transesterification of triglycerides (TG) with methanol in the presence of KOH catalyst was investigated, where the changes in the reactants and products (diglycerides (DG), monoglycerides (MG), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and glycerin (GL)) concentrations were discussed to understand the reaction mechanism and kinetics under ultrasound irradiation. The optimum reaction condition for the FAME production was the concentration of KOH 1.0 wt.%, molar ratio of TG to methanol of 1:6, and irradiation time of 25 min. The rate constants during the TG transesterification with methanol into GL and FAME were estimated by a curve fitting method with simulated curves to the obtained experimental results. The rate constants of [Formula: see text] were estimated to be 0.21, 0.008, 0.23, 0.005, 0.14 and 0.001 L mol(-1)min(-1), respectively. The rate determining step for the TG transesterification with methanol into GL and FAME was the reaction of MG with methanol into GL and FAME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tu Thanh
- Research Organization for University-Community Collaborations, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Sciences, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, 227 Nguyen Van Cu St., Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Luu PD, Takenaka N, Van Luu B, Pham LN, Imamura K, Maeda Y. Co-solvent Method Produce Biodiesel form Waste Cooking Oil with Small Pilot Plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 61:2822-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abdala ACDA, dos Santos Garcia VA, Trentini CP, Cardozo Filho L, da Silva EA, da Silva C. Continuous Catalyst-Free Esterification of Oleic Acid in Compressed Ethanol. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014; 2014:1-5. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/803783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The esterification of oleic acid in a continuous catalyst-free process using compressed ethanol was investigated in the present study. Experiments were performed in a tubular reactor and variables investigated were temperature, pressure, and oleic acid to ethanol molar ratio for different residence time. Results demonstrated that temperature, in the range of 473 K to 573 K, and pressure had a positive effect on fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) production. In the experimental range investigated, high conversions can be obtained at low ethanol concentrations in the reaction medium and it was observed that oleic acid to ethanol molar ratios greater than 1 : 6 show no significant increase in conversion. Nonnegligible reaction conversions (>90%) were achieved at 573 K, 20 MPa, oleic acid to ethanol molar ratio of 1 : 6, and 20 minutes of residence time.
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31
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Yang L, Zhu Z, Wang W, Lu X. Microbial recycling of glycerol to biodiesel. Bioresour Technol 2013; 150:1-8. [PMID: 24140944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable supply of lipids is the bottleneck for current biodiesel production. Here microbial recycling of glycerol, byproduct of biodiesel production to biodiesel in engineered Escherichia coli strains was reported. The KC3 strain with capability of producing fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) from glucose was used as a starting strain to optimize fermentation conditions when using glycerol as sole carbon source. The YL15 strain overexpressing double copies of atfA gene displayed 1.7-fold increase of FAEE productivity compared to the KC3 strain. The titer of FAEE in YL15 strain reached to 813 mg L(-1) in minimum medium using glycerol as sole carbon source under optimized fermentation conditions. The titer of glycerol-based FAEE production can be significantly increased by both genetic modifications and fermentation optimization. Microbial recycling of glycerol to biodiesel expands carbon sources for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zou C, Zhao P, Shi L, Huang S, Luo P. Biodiesel fuel production from waste cooking oil by the inclusion complex of heteropoly acid with bridged bis-cyclodextrin. Bioresour Technol 2013; 146:785-788. [PMID: 23972395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion complex of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 with bridged bis-cyclodextrin (CsPW/B) is prepared as a highly efficient catalyst for the direct production of biodiesel via the transesterification of waste cooking oil. CsPW/B is characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the biodiesel is analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. The conversion rate of waste cooking oil is up to 94.2% under the optimum experimental conditions that are methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1, catalyst dosage of 3 wt%, temperature of 65 °C and reaction time of 180 min. The physical properties of biodiesel sample satisfy the requirement of ASTM D6751 standards. The novel CsPW/B catalyst used for the transesterification can lead to 96.9% fatty acid methyl esters and 86.5% of the biodiesel product can serve as the ideal substitute for diesel fuel, indicating its excellent potential application in biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Pinwen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Lihong Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Shaobing Huang
- Yumen Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Jiuquan 735019, PR China
| | - Pingya Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
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Abstract
The recent increase in the world biofuels demand, along with the need to reduce costs while improving the environmental sustainability of the biodiesel production, have led to the search for catalysts that should be economically viable, efficient, and environmentally friendly. This paper reviews recent research and development of organic and inorganic tin catalysts; focusing on kinetic properties and catalytic activity in two key reactions for biodiesel production: free fatty acids (FFA) esterification and triglycerides (TG) transesterification. First the basic knowledge of homogeneous tin catalysts in esterification reactions of different carboxylic acids is provided. Second, main advances obtained in the study of FFA esterification reactions catalyzed by tin chloride are covered. The effect of the principal parameters of reaction on the yield and rate of alkyl esters production is described. Kinetic measurements allowed the determination of the activation energy (46.79 kJ mol−1) and a first-order dependence in relation to both FFA and tin chloride catalyst concentration. Aspects related to recycling of the tin chloride catalyst in phase homogeneous are discussed. Third the advances obtained in the development of homogeneous catalysts based on tin complexes in transesterification reactions are summarized. Finally, results obtained from the use of tin organometallics compounds in reactions of vegetable oils transesterification reactions are concisely presented. The optimization of processes catalytic homogeneous utilized in the transesterification reactions can contribute to the improvement of the technology biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abiney Lemos Cardoso
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio José da Silva
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Verma ML, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Nanobiotechnology as a novel paradigm for enzyme immobilisation and stabilisation with potential applications in biodiesel production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:23-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Fiametti KG, Ustra MK, de Oliveira D, Corazza ML, Furigo A, Vladimir Oliveira J. Kinetics of ultrasound-assisted lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of olive oil in solvent-free system. Ultrason Sonochem 2012; 19:440-451. [PMID: 21982936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work reports experimental kinetic data of solvent-free glycerolysis of olive oil using a commercial immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) under the influence of ultrasound irradiation. The experiments were performed in a mechanically stirred reactor under ultrasound irradiation, evaluating the effects of temperature (50-70 °C), enzyme concentration (2.5-10 wt%) and glycerol to oil molar ratio (0.8:1-3:1). Results show that ultrasound-assisted lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis might be a potential alternative route to conventional methods, as high contents of reaction products, especially monoglycerides, were achieved at mild irradiation power supply (~130 W) and temperature, in a relatively short reaction time (2h) and low enzyme content (7.5 wt%). To completeness, two simplified kinetic modeling approaches, based on the ordered-sequential bi bi mechanism and reaction stoichiometry, were employed to represent the experimental data, thus allowing a better understanding of the reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina G Fiametti
- Department of Food Engineering, URI - Campus de Erechim, Av Sete de Setembro 1621, Erechim 99700-000, RS, Brazil
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Batistella L, Lerin LA, Brugnerotto P, Danielli AJ, Trentin CM, Popiolski A, Treichel H, Oliveira JV, de Oliveira D. Ultrasound-assisted lipase-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil in organic solvent system. Ultrason Sonochem 2012; 19:452-458. [PMID: 22182652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol using two commercial immobilized lipases under the influence of ultrasound irradiation. The experiments were performed in an ultrasonic water bath, following a sequence of experimental designs to assess the effects of temperature, enzyme and water concentrations, oil to ethanol molar ratio and output irradiation power on the reaction yield. Results show that ultrasound-assisted lipase-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol might be a potential alternative route to conventional alkali-catalyzed method, as high reaction yields (~90 wt.%) were obtained at mild irradiation power supply (~100 W), and temperature (60 °C) in a relatively short reaction time, 4h, using Lipozyme RM IM as catalyst. The repeated use of the catalyst under the optimum experimental condition resulted in a decay in both enzyme activity and product conversion after two cycles. The use of Novozym 435 led to lower conversions (about 57%) but the enzyme activity was stable after eight cycles of use, showing, however, a reduction in product conversion after the forth cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Batistella
- Department of Food Engineering, URI - Campus de Erechim, Av Sete de Setembro, 1621 Erechim 99700-000, RS, Brazil
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Thanh LT, Okitsu K, Boi LV, Maeda Y. Catalytic Technologies for Biodiesel Fuel Production and Utilization of Glycerol: A Review. Catalysts 2012; 2:191-222. [DOI: 10.3390/catal2010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Wang Y, Ma S, Wang L, Tang S, Riley WW, Reaney MJT. Solid superacid catalyzed glycerol esterification of free fatty acids in waste cooking oil for biodiesel production. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang X, Liu X, Zhao C, Ding Y, Xu P. Biodiesel production in packed-bed reactors using lipase-nanoparticle biocomposite. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:6352-5. [PMID: 21435865 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of appropriate reactors is crucial for the production of biodiesel. In this study, a packed-bed reactor system using lipase-Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle biocomposite catalyst was successfully developed for biodiesel production based on soybean oil methanolysis. Emulsification before methanolysis improved the reaction rate. The lipase-nanoparticle biocomposite showed high activity and stability in the single-packed-bed reactor at an optimal flow rate (0.25 mL min(-1)). After 240 h of reaction, the conversion rate was sustained as high as 45%. The conversion rate and stability achieved using the four-packed-bed reactor were much higher than those achieved using the single-packed-bed reactor. The conversion of biodiesel was maintained at a high rate of over 88% for 192 h, and it only slightly declined to approximately 75% after 240 h of reaction. The packed-bed reactor system, therefore, has a great potential for achieving the design and operation of enzymatic biodiesel production on the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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Babajide O, Petrik L, Amigun B, Ameer F. Low-Cost Feedstock Conversion to Biodiesel via Ultrasound Technology. Energies 2010; 3:1691-703. [DOI: 10.3390/en3101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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