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Saha S, Boesch C, Maycock J, Wood S, Do T. Sweet Orange Juice Processing By-Product Extracts: A Caries Management Alternative to Chlorhexidine. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1607. [PMID: 38002290 PMCID: PMC10669069 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally in both children and adults. This study investigated the potential of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWE) as a substitute for chlorhexidine (CHX) in managing dental caries. First, the cytotoxicity of ISOWE (40, 80, 120 mg/mL) and CHX (0.1 and 0.2%) on buccal epithelial cells was determined. ISOWE exhibited no overall toxicity, whereas CHX strongly affected cell viability. The combination of ISOWE and CHX significantly enhanced cell proliferation compared to CHX alone. Next, the antimicrobial efficacy of ISOWE, CHX, and their combination was assessed against a 7-day complex biofilm model inoculated with oral samples from human volunteers. CHX exhibited indiscriminate antimicrobial action, affecting both pathogenic and health-associated oral microorganisms. ISOWE demonstrated lower antimicrobial efficacy than CHX but showed enhanced efficacy against pathogenic species while preserving the oral microbiome's balance. When applied to a cariogenic biofilm, the combined treatment of ISOWE with 0.1% CHX showed similar efficacy to 0.2% CHX treatment alone. Overall, the findings suggest that ISOWE is a promising natural anti-cariogenic agent with lower toxicity and enhanced selectivity for pathogenic species compared to CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvro Saha
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
| | - Joanne Maycock
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
| | - Simon Wood
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Thuy Do
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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2
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Elgarahy AM, Eloffy MG, Alengebawy A, El-Sherif DM, Gaballah MS, Elwakeel KZ, El-Qelish M. Sustainable management of food waste; pre-treatment strategies, techno-economic assessment, bibliometric analysis, and potential utilizations: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115558. [PMID: 36842700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) contains many nutritional components such as proteins, lipids, fats, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, and metal ions, which can be reused in some processes to produce value-added products. Furthermore, FW can be converted into biogas, biohydrogen, and biodiesel, and this type of green energy can be used as an alternative to nonrenewable fuel and reduce reliance on fossil fuel sources. It has been demonstrated in many reports that at the laboratory scale production of biochemicals using FW is as good as pure carbon sources. The goal of this paper is to review approaches used globally to promote turning FW into useable products and green energy. In this context, the present review article highlights deeply in a transdisciplinary manner the sources, types, impacts, characteristics, pre-treatment strategies, and potential management of FW into value-added products. We find that FW could be upcycled into different valuable products such as eco-friendly green fuels, organic acids, bioplastics, enzymes, fertilizers, char, and single-cell protein, after the suitable pre-treatment method. The results confirmed the technical feasibility of all the reviewed transformation processes of FW. Furthermore, life cycle and techno-economic assessment studies regarding the socio-economic, environmental, and engineering aspects of FW management are discussed. The reviewed articles showed that energy recovery from FW in various forms is economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elgarahy
- Environmental Chemistry Division, Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt; Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company (EPPC), Port-Said, Egypt.
| | - M G Eloffy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Alengebawy
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Dina M El-Sherif
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Gaballah
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt; College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Khalid Z Elwakeel
- Environmental Chemistry Division, Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed El-Qelish
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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3
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Saha S, Do T, Maycock J, Wood S, Boesch C. Antibiofilm Efficacies of Flavonoid-Rich Sweet Orange Waste Extract against Dual-Species Biofilms. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050657. [PMID: 37242327 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the antibacterial properties of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWEs), which are a rich source of flavonoids. The ISOWEs exhibited antibacterial activity towards the dental cariogenic pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei with 13.0 ± 2.0 and 20.0 ± 2.0 mg/mL for MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and 37.7 ± 1.5 and 43.3 ± 2.1 mg/mL for MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration), respectively. When evaluated in a 7-day dual-species oral biofilm model, ISOWEs dose-dependently reduced the viable bacteria count, and demonstrated strong synergistic effects when combined with the anti-septic chlorhexidine (at 0.1 and 0.2%). Similarly, confocal microscopy confirmed the anti-cariogenic properties of ISOWEs, alone and in combination with chlorhexidine. The citrus flavonoids contributed differently to these effects, with the flavones (nobiletin, tangeretin and sinensetin) demonstrating significantly lower MICs and MBCs compared to the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the potential of citrus waste as a currently underutilised source of flavonoids for antimicrobial applications, such as in dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvro Saha
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - Thuy Do
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - Joanne Maycock
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Simon Wood
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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4
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Sadh PK, Chawla P, Kumar S, Das A, Kumar R, Bains A, Sridhar K, Duhan JS, Sharma M. Recovery of agricultural waste biomass: A path for circular bioeconomy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161904. [PMID: 36736404 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular bio-economy is a significant approach to resolving global issues elevated by environmental pollution. The generation of bioenergy and biomaterials can withstand the energy-environment connection as well as substitute petroleum-based materials as the feed stock production, thereby contributing to a cleaner and low-carbon-safe environment. Open discarding of waste is a major cause of environmental pollution in developing and under developed countries. Agricultural bio-wastes are obtained through various biological sources and industrial processing, signifying a typical renewable source of energy with ample nutrients and readily biodegradable organic substances. These waste materials are competent to decompose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The projected global population, urbanization, economic development, and changing production and consumption behavior result in bounteous bio-waste production. These bio-wastes mainly contain starch, cellulose, protein, hemicellulose, and lipids, which can operate as low-cost raw materials to develop new value-added products. Thus, this review discussed specifically the agricultural waste and valorization processes used to convert this waste into value-added products (biofuel, enzymes, antibiotics, ethanol and single cell protein). These value added products are used in the supply chain and enhance the overall performance of agriculture waste management, execution of circular bio-economy has attained significant importance and it explains a closed-loop system in which the potential resources remain in the loop, allowing them to be sustained into a new value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar Sadh
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Anamika Das
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo 151 302, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 411, Punjab, India
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Joginder Singh Duhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, Haryana, India.
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Haute Ecole Provinciale de Hainaut-Condorcet, 7800 Ath, Belgium.
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Lubinska-Szczygeł M, Kuczyńska-Łażewska A, Rutkowska M, Polkowska Ż, Katrich E, Gorinstein S. Determination of the Major By-Products of Citrus hystrix Peel and Their Characteristics in the Context of Utilization in the Industry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062596. [PMID: 36985567 PMCID: PMC10052365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) is a popular citrus in Southeast Asia. Despite the growing interest in the peel of the fruit, the leaves are the most frequently used part of the fruit. The aim of the study was to determine the main by-products of the peel, such as pectins, minerals, essential oil, and bioactive compounds, and to evaluate the possibility of using them in various branches of industry. In the study of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation performed using the TGA chromatography technique (GC-MS), sabinene (31.93%), β-pinene (26%), and limonene (19%) were selected as the most abundant volatile compounds. Nine microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, Mo, and V), four macroelements (Mg, Ca, K, and Na), and seven ballast substances (Cd, Hg, Pb, Al, V, Sr, and Pt) were also determined using the microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry technique (MP-AES). In the case of microelements, iron 32.72 ± 0.39 mg/kg DW (dry weight) had the highest concentration. In the case of macroelements, the calcium content was 9416 ± 34 mg/kg DW. Optimization of the pectin extraction was also performed by selecting citric acid and obtaining a yield of 7.6–17.6% for acid extraction and 9.9–28.2% for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), depending on the temperature used. The obtained pectins were characterized by the degree of methylation, galacturonic acid content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analysis. Among bioactive compounds, the contents of polyphenols (22.63 ± 2.12 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoids (2.72 ± 0.25 mg CE/g DW, vitamin C (2.43 ± 0.19 mg Asc), xantoproteins + carotenes (53.8 ± 4.24 ug), anthocyanins (24.8 ± 1.8 mg CGE/kg DW), and chlorophylls A and B (188.5 ± 8.1, 60.4 ± 3.23 µg/g DW) were evaluated. Antioxidant capacity using (cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity) CUPRAC and DPPH assays was also provided with the results of 76.98 ± 8.1, and 12.01 ± 1.02 µmol TE/g DW, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Lubinska-Szczygeł
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.L.-S.); (Ż.P.)
| | - Anna Kuczyńska-Łażewska
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.L.-S.); (Ż.P.)
| | - Elena Katrich
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (E.K.)
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (E.K.)
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6
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Davaritouchaee M, Mosleh I, Dadmohammadi Y, Abbaspourrad A. One-Step Oxidation of Orange Peel Waste to Carbon Feedstock for Bacterial Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030697. [PMID: 36771998 PMCID: PMC9920450 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Orange peels are an abundant food waste stream that can be converted into useful products, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Limonene, however, is a key barrier to building a successful biopolymer synthesis from orange peels as it inhibits microbial growth. We designed a one-pot oxidation system that releases the sugars from orange peels while eliminating limonene through superoxide (O2• -) generated from potassium superoxide (KO2). The optimum conditions were found to be treatment with 0.05 M KO2 for 1 h, where 55% of the sugars present in orange peels were released and recovered. The orange peel sugars were then used, directly, as a carbon source for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by engineered Escherichia coli. Cell growth was improved in the presence of the orange peel liquor with 3 w/v% exhibiting 90-100% cell viability. The bacterial production of PHB using orange peel liquor led to 1.7-3.0 g/L cell dry weight and 136-393 mg (8-13 w/w%) ultra-high molecular weight PHB content (Mw of ~1900 kDa) during a 24 to 96 h fermentation period. The comprehensive thermal characterization of the isolated PHBs revealed polymeric properties similar to PHBs resulting from pure glucose or fructose. Our one-pot oxidation process for liberating sugars and eliminating inhibitory compounds is an efficient and easy method to release sugars from orange peels and eliminate limonene, or residual limonene post limonene extraction, and shows great promise for extracting sugars from other complex biomass materials.
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7
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da Costa JS, Maranduba HL, de Sousa Castro S, de Almeida Neto JA, Rodrigues LB. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF ORANGE CITRUS WASTE AS RAW MATERIAL FOR PECTIN AND ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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Kandemir K, Piskin E, Xiao J, Tomas M, Capanoglu E. Fruit Juice Industry Wastes as a Source of Bioactives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6805-6832. [PMID: 35544590 PMCID: PMC9204825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Food processing sustainability, as well as waste minimization, are key concerns for the modern food industry. A significant amount of waste is generated by the fruit juice industry each year. In addition to the economic losses caused by the removal of these wastes, its impact on the environment is undeniable. Therefore, researchers have focused on recovering the bioactive components from fruit juice processing, in which a great number of phytochemicals still exist in the agro-industrial wastes, to help minimize the waste burden as well as provide new sources of bioactive compounds, which are believed to be protective agents against certain diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Although these wastes contain non-negligible amounts of bioactive compounds, information on the utilization of these byproducts in functional ingredient/food production and their impact on the sensory quality of food products is still scarce. In this regard, this review summarizes the most recent literature on bioactive compounds present in the wastes of apple, citrus fruits, berries, stoned fruits, melons, and tropical fruit juices, together with their extraction techniques and valorization approaches. Besides, on the one hand, examples of different current food applications with the use of these wastes are provided. On the other hand, the challenges with respect to economic, sensory, and safety issues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Kandemir
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Piskin
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science
and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense
Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- International
Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303 Istanbul, Turkey
- Merve Tomas:
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Esra
Capanoglu:
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9
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Abstract
Orange bagasse (OB) could be considered a sustainable, renewable, and low-cost biomass for the extraction of cellulose. In this context, reactive extrusion can be considered an excellent, eco-friendly, alternative process for the extraction of cellulose from lignocellulosic materials. Thus, the present study aimed to obtain cellulose-based materials with a reactive extrusion process and also to investigate the impact of pectin on the delignification process. Two groups of samples (OB and depectinizated OB) were submitted to extrusion with sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide in one-step processes. The cellulose content of extruded materials was highly affected by pectin content in the raw material; the thermal profile (TGA curves) and crystallinity also changed. The cellulose content of modified materials ranged from 18.8% to 58.4%, with a process yield of 30.6% to 79.2%. The alkaline reagent provided the highest cellulose content among all extrusion treatments tested, mainly for OB without pectin. The extrusion process was considered an efficient and promising process for extracting cellulose from citrus residue. Materials produced in this study can be used as sources of cellulose fiber for various products and processes, such as in the food industry, fermentation substrates, or refined applications after subsequent treatments.
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Singh S, Negi T, Sagar NA, Kumar Y, Tarafdar A, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Pandey A. Sustainable processes for treatment and management of seafood solid waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152951. [PMID: 34999071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seafood processing is an important economical activity worldwide and is an integral part of the food chain system. However, their processing results in solid waste generation whose disposal and management is a serious concern. Proteins, amino acids, lipids with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carotenoids, and minerals are abundant in the discards, effluents, and by-catch of seafood processing waste. As a result, it causes nutritional loss and poses major environmental risks. To solve the issues, it is critical that the waste be exposed to secondary processing and valorization for recovery of value added products. Although chemical waste treatment technologies are available, the majority of these procedures have inherent flaws. Biological solutions, on the other hand, are safe, efficacious, and ecologically friendly while maintaining the intrinsic bioactivities after waste conversion. Microbial fermentation or the actions of exogenously introduced enzymes on waste components are used in most bioconversion processes. Algal biotechnology has recently developed unique technologies for biotransformation of nutrients, which may be employed as a feedstock for the recovery of important chemicals as well as biofuel. Bioconversion methods combined with a bio-refinery strategy offer the potential to enable environmentally-friendly and cost-effective seafood waste management. The refinement of these wastes through sustainable bioprocessing interventions can give rise to various circular bioeconomies within the seafood processing sector. Moreover, a techno-economic perspective on the developed solid waste processing lines and its subsequent environmental impact could facilitate commercialization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view and critical analysis of the recent updates in seafood waste processing in terms of bioconversion processes and byproduct development. Various case studies on circular bioeconomy formulated on seafood processing waste along with techno-economic feasibility for the possible development of sustainable seafood biorefineries have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhangi Singh
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, -263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Taru Negi
- Department of Food Science and Technology(,) G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 125, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narashans Alok Sagar
- Food Microbiology Lab, Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Saint Longwal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section(,) ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136 713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India.
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11
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Wang X, Li C, Lam CH, Subramanian K, Qin ZH, Mou JH, Jin M, Chopra SS, Singh V, Ok YS, Yan J, Li HY, Lin CSK. Emerging waste valorisation techniques to moderate the hazardous impacts, and their path towards sustainability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127023. [PMID: 34482075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the recent boom in urbanisation, economy, and global population, the amount of waste generated worldwide has increased tremendously. The World Bank estimates that global waste generation is expected to increase 70% by 2050. Disposal of waste is already a major concern as it poses risks to the environment, human health, and economy. To tackle this issue and maximise potential environmental, economic, and social benefits, waste valorisation - a value-adding process for waste materials - has emerged as a sustainable and efficient strategy. The major objective of waste valorisation is to transit to a circular economy and maximally alleviate hazardous impacts of waste. This review conducts bibliometric analysis to construct a co-occurrence network of research themes related to management of five major waste streams (i.e., food, agricultural, textile, plastics, and electronics). Modern valorisation technologies and their efficiencies are highlighted. Moreover, insights into improvement of waste valorisation technologies are presented in terms of sustainable environmental, social, and economic performances. This review summarises highlighting factors that impede widespread adoption of waste valorisation, such as technology lock-in, optimisation for local conditions, unfavourable regulations, and low investments, with the aim of devising solutions that explore practical, feasible, and sustainable means of waste valorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Chong Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Ho Lam
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Zi-Hao Qin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-Hua Mou
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Mushan Jin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Vijay Singh
- Integrated Bioprocessing Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 338, AESB, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Ahmat YM, Kaliaguine S. Epoxidation of Limonene and Pinenes by Dimethyldioxirane in Microemulsions. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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13
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Recent advances in valorization of citrus fruits processing waste: a way forward towards environmental sustainability. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:1601-1626. [PMID: 34925937 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are well known for their medicinal and therapeutic potential due to the presence of immense bioactive components. With the enormous consumption of citrus juice, citrus processing industries are focused on the production of juice but at the same time, a large amount of waste is produced mainly in the form of peel, seeds, pomace, and wastewater. This waste left after processing leads to environmental pollution and health-related hazards. However, it could be exploited for the recovery of essential oils, pectin, nutraceuticals, macro and micronutrients, ethanol, and biofuel generation. In view of the importance and health benefits of bioactive compounds found in citrus waste, the present review summarizes the recent work done on the citrus fruit waste valorization for recovery of value-added compounds leading to zero wastage. Therefore, instead of calling it waste, these could be a good resource of significant valuable components, in this way encouraging the zero-waste theory.
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Mohsin A, Hussain MH, Zaman WQ, Mohsin MZ, Zhang J, Liu Z, Tian X, Salim-Ur-Rehman, Khan IM, Niazi S, Zhuang Y, Guo M. Advances in sustainable approaches utilizing orange peel waste to produce highly value-added bioproducts. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1284-1303. [PMID: 34856847 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.2002805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Orange peel waste (OPW), a discarded part of orange fruit, is a rich source of essential constituents that can be transformed into highly value-added bioproducts. OPW is being generated in million tonnes globally and returns to the environment without complete benefit. Thus, a high volume of annually produced OPW in the industry requires effective valorization. In this regard, limited data is available that summarizes the broader spectrum for the sustainable fate of OPW to produce value-added bioproducts. The main objective of this treatise is to explore the sustainable production of bioproducts from OPW. Therefore, this review covers all the aspects of OPW, from its production to complete valorization. The review encompasses the extraction technologies employed for extracting different valuable bioactive compounds, such as: essential oil (EO), pectin, and carotenoids, from OPW. Furthermore, the suitability of bioconversion technologies (digestion/fermentation) in transforming OPW to other useful bioproducts, such as: biochemicals (lactic acid and succinic acid), biopolysaccharides (xanthan and curdlan gum), and bioenergy (biomethane and bioethanol) is discussed. Also, it includes the concept of OPW-based biorefineries and their development that shall play a definite role in future to cover demands for: food, chemicals, materials, fuels, power, and heat. Lastly, this review focuses on OPW-supplemented functional food products such as: beverages, yogurts, and extruded products. In conclusion, insights provided in this review maximize the potential of OPW for commercial purposes, leading to a safe, and waste-free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Hammad Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Waqas Qamar Zaman
- Institute of Environment Science and Engineering, School of Civil and Environment Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zebo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Salim-Ur-Rehman
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Mehmood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Sobia Niazi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Yingping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Russo C, Maugeri A, Lombardo GE, Musumeci L, Barreca D, Rapisarda A, Cirmi S, Navarra M. The Second Life of Citrus Fruit Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:5991. [PMID: 34641535 PMCID: PMC8512617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits (CF) are among the most widely cultivated fruit crops throughout the world and their production is constantly increasing along with consumers' demand. Therefore, huge amounts of waste are annually generated through CF processing, causing high costs for their disposal, as well as environmental and human health damage, if inappropriately performed. According to the most recent indications of an economic, environmental and pharmaceutical nature, CF processing residues must be transformed from a waste to be disposed to a valuable resource to be reused. Based on a circular economy model, CF residues (i.e., seeds, exhausted peel, pressed pulp, secondary juice and leaves) have increasingly been re-evaluated to also obtain, but not limited to, valuable compounds to be employed in the food, packaging, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, the use of CF by-products is still limited because of their underestimated nutritional and economic value, hence more awareness and knowledge are needed to overcome traditional approaches for their disposal. This review summarizes recent evidence on the pharmacological potential of CF waste to support the switch towards a more environmentally sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (G.E.L.); (L.M.); (D.B.); (A.R.)
- Fondazione “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, 98123 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (G.E.L.); (L.M.); (D.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (G.E.L.); (L.M.); (D.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Laura Musumeci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (G.E.L.); (L.M.); (D.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (G.E.L.); (L.M.); (D.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (G.E.L.); (L.M.); (D.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Santa Cirmi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (G.E.L.); (L.M.); (D.B.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (A.M.); (G.E.L.); (L.M.); (D.B.); (A.R.)
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Abdelaal A, Pradhan S, AlNouss A, Tong Y, Al-Ansari T, McKay G, Mackey HR. The impact of pyrolysis conditions on orange peel biochar physicochemical properties for sandy soil. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2021; 39:995-1004. [PMID: 33327900 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20978456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The citrus industry is considered one of the main contributors to agricultural waste. Peels are commonly used in the food industry or as feedstock in biorefining. In this study, the potential of waste orange peel biochar for agricultural applications in sandy soil was investigated. This will not only increase the percentage of agricultural waste recycling, but also lead to more sustainable agriculture with environmental benefits such as carbon sequestration. Biochar was produced through slow pyrolysis in the temperature range 300-600°C and at two holding durations (10 min and 60 min). Both factors had a significant impact on the physicochemical characteristics of biochar in the heating region 300-450°C. However, varying the holding time for pyrolysis temperatures beyond 450°C had a diminishing effect on biochar properties compared with the impact of increasing pyrolysis temperature. The study also looked at certain properties that are specific to agricultural application not previously reported for orange peel. Very high cation exchange capacities of 70 cmol kg-1 were achieved at 300°C, whereas water holding capacity was not strongly influenced by pyrolysis conditions. Preliminary planting tests indicate potential for improving agricultural sustainability in sandy soils. The technoeconomic analysis of biochar showed that the pyrolysis process can be profitable with sufficient plant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdelaal
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
| | - Snigdhendubala Pradhan
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
| | - Ahmed AlNouss
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
| | - Yongfeng Tong
- Qatar Energy and Environment Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
| | - Tareq Al-Ansari
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
- Division of Engineering Decision and Management Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
| | - Gordon McKay
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
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The Limonene Biorefinery: From Extractive Technologies to Its Catalytic Upgrading into p-Cymene. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Limonene is a renewable cyclic monoterpene that is easily obtainable from citrus peel and it is commonly used as a nutraceutical ingredient, antibacterial, biopesticide and green extraction solvent as well as additive in healthcare, fragrance and food and beverage industries for its characteristic lemon-like smell. Indeed, the lack of toxicity makes limonene a promising bio-alternative for the development of a wide range of effective products in modern biorefineries. As a consequence, industrial demand largely exceeds supply by now. Limonene can be also used as starting substrate for the preparation of building block chemicals, including p-cymene that is an important intermediate in several industrial catalytic processes. In this contribution, after reviewing recent advances in the recovery of limonene from citrus peel and residues with particular attention to benign-by-design extractive processes, we focus on the latest results in its dehydrogenation to p-cymene via heterogeneous catalysis. Indeed, the latest reports evidence that the selective production of p-cymene still remains a scientific and technological challenge since, in order to drive the isomerization and dehydrogenation of limonene, an optimal balance between the catalyst nature/content and the reaction conditions is needed.
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Mitchell DA, Moreira I, Krieger N. Potential of time-stepping stochastic models as tools for guiding the design and operation of processes for the enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124559. [PMID: 33388211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Processes for the enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides in biorefineries are becoming increasingly important. The complex network of reactions involved in polysaccharide hydrolysis can be described by stochastic models that advance in steps of time. Such models have the potential to be important tools for guiding process design and operation, and several have been developed over the last two decades. We evaluate these models. Many of the current stochastic models for the hydrolysis of colloidal polysaccharides use empirical parameters that have no recognized biological meaning. Only one model uses classical parameters of enzyme kinetics, namely specificity constants and saturation constants. Recent stochastic models for the hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose give valuable insights into the molecular-level phenomenon that limit hydrolysis rates. We conclude that, if stochastic models of enzymatic polysaccharide hydrolysis are to become widely used tools for guiding process development, then further improvements are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alexander Mitchell
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19011, Central Polytechnic, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19046, Central Polytechnic, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19011, Central Polytechnic, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nadia Krieger
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19011, Central Polytechnic, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, P.O. Box 19061, Central Polytechnic, Curitiba 81531-980, Paraná, Brazil.
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19
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Jeong D, Park H, Jang BK, Ju Y, Shin MH, Oh EJ, Lee EJ, Kim SR. Recent advances in the biological valorization of citrus peel waste into fuels and chemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124603. [PMID: 33406467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the quest to reduce global food loss and waste, fruit processing wastes, particularly citrus peel waste (CPW), have emerged as a promising and sustainable option for biorefinery without competing with human foods and animal feeds. CPW is largely produced and, as recent studies suggest, has the industrial potential of biological valorization into fuels and chemicals. In this review, the promising aspects of CPW as an alternative biomass were highlighted, focusing on its low lignin content. In addition, specific technical difficulties in fermenting CPW are described, highlighting that citrus peel is high in pectin that consist of non-fermentable sugars, mainly galacturonic acid. Last, recent advances in the metabolic engineering of yeast and other microbial strains that ferment CPW-derived sugars to produce value-added products, such as ethanol and mucic acid, are summarized. For industrially viable CPW-based biorefinery, more studies are needed to improve fermentation efficiency and to diversify product profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deokyeol Jeong
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Heeyoung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwan Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - YeBin Ju
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Min Hye Shin
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Eun Joong Oh
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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20
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Hara KY, Kageyama Y, Tanzawa N, Hirono-Hara Y, Kikukawa H, Wakabayashi K. Development of astaxanthin production from citrus peel extract using Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12640-12647. [PMID: 33089462 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing a use for the inedible parts of citrus, mainly peel, would have great environmental and economic benefits worldwide. Astaxanthin is a value-added fine chemical that affects fish pigmentation and has recently been used in healthcare products for humans, resulting in an increased demand. This study aimed to produce astaxanthin from a citrus, ponkan, peel extract using the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, which has the ability to use both pentose and hexose. Feeding on only ponkan peel extract enhanced X. dendrorhous growth and the concomitant astaxanthin production. Additionally, we determined that pectin and its arabinose content were the main substrate and sole carbon source, respectively, for X. dendrorhous growth and astaxanthin production. Thus, ponkan peel extract could become a valuable resource for X. dendrorhous-based astaxanthin production. Using citrus peel extract for microbial fermentation will allow the development of processes that produce value-added chemicals from agricultural byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Y Hara
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yuya Kageyama
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nanami Tanzawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirono-Hara
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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21
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Talan A, Tiwari B, Yadav B, Tyagi RD, Wong JWC, Drogui P. Food waste valorization: Energy production using novel integrated systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 322:124538. [PMID: 33352392 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Management of food waste (FW) is a global challenge due to increasing population and economic activities. Presently, landfill and incineration are the keyways of FW management, while economical and environmental sustainability have been an issue. Therefore, the biological processes have been investigated for resource and energy recovery from FW. However, these biological approaches have certain drawbacks and cannot be a complete solution for FW management. Therefore, this review aims to offer a detailed and complete analysis of current available technologies to achieve environmental and economical sustainability. In this context, zero solid waste discharge for resource and energy recovery has been put into view. Corresponding to which several innovative technologies using integrated biological methods for resource and energy recovery from FW have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Talan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhagyashree Tiwari
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Bhoomika Yadav
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R D Tyagi
- BOSK-Bioproducts, 100-399 rue Jacquard, Québec (QC) G1N 4J6, Canada; School of Technology, Huzhou University, Huzhou 311800, China.
| | - J W C Wong
- Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Rd, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - P Drogui
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
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Optimization of Vacuum-Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Natural Polyphenols and Flavonoids from Raw Solid Waste of the Orange Juice Producing Industry at Industrial Scale. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26010246. [PMID: 33466479 PMCID: PMC7796447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Orange pomace (OP) is a solid waste produced in bulk as a byproduct of the orange juice industry and accounts for approximately 50% of the quantity of the fruits processed into juice. In numerous literature references there is information about diverse uses of orange pomace for the production of high-added-value products including production of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts rich in polyphenols and flavonoids which can substitute the hazardous chemical antioxidants/antimicrobials used in agro-food and cosmetics sectors. In this work and for the first time, according to our knowledge, the eco-friendly aqueous vacuum microwave assisted extraction of orange pomace was investigated and optimized at real industrial scale in order to produce aqueous antioxidant/antimicrobial extracts. A Response Surface Optimization methodology with a multipoint historical data experimental design was employed to obtain the optimal values of the process parameters in order to achieve the maximum rates of extraction of OP total polyphenols and/or total flavonoids for economically optimum production at industrial scale. The three factors used for the optimization were: (a) microwave power (b) water to raw pomace ratio and (c) extraction time. Moreover, the effectiveness and statistical soundness of the derived cubic polynomial predictive models were verified by ANOVA.
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23
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da Silva GF, Mathias SL, de Menezes AJ, Vicente JGP, Delforno TP, Varesche MBA, Duarte ICS. Orange Bagasse Pellets as a Carbon Source for Biobutanol Production. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:4053-4062. [PMID: 33057752 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the environmental concerns, the conversion of lignocellulosic waste can be the key to produce bioproducts and biofuels such as butanol. This study aimed to present and evaluate orange bagasse pellets (OBP) as a carbon source to produce butan-1-ol production via ABE fermentation using Clostridium beijerinckii. These bagasse pellets were characterized, holocellulose (18.99%), alfacellulose (5.37%), hemicellulose (13.62%), lignin (6.16%), pectin (7.21%), protein (3.14%), and was tested under three different pretreatments, which were the following: (a) ultrasound, (b) autohydrolysis, and (c) acid-diluted hydrolysis followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to verify an amount of fermentable total reducing sugars. ANOVA was used and pretreatments followed by enzymatic hydrolysis do not enhance a significant amount of available sugars compared to raw bagasse. The ABE fermentation was carried out in batch reactors at 37 °C under agitation of 160 rpm and anaerobic conditions, using OBP without treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Using a non-mutant microorganism, the fermentation achieved butyric acid yields of 3762.68 mg L-1 for control and 2488.82 mg L-1 for OBP and the butanol production was 63.86 mg L-1 and 196.80 mg L-1 for OBP and the control (glucose) assay, respectively. The results of this solvent's production have shown that OBP has the potential for ABE fermentation and a promising feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fiori da Silva
- Department of Biology, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110 SP-264, Bairro Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil.
| | - Samir Leite Mathias
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Campus Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Junior de Menezes
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Campus Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Palladino Delforno
- Department of Biology, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110 SP-264, Bairro Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Cristina Silveira Duarte
- Department of Biology, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110 SP-264, Bairro Itinga, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
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Caldeira C, Vlysidis A, Fiore G, De Laurentiis V, Vignali G, Sala S. Sustainability of food waste biorefinery: A review on valorisation pathways, techno-economic constraints, and environmental assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123575. [PMID: 32521468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The need to increase circularity of industrial systems to address limited resources availability and climate change has triggered the development of the food waste biorefinery concept. However, for the development of future sustainable industrial processes focused on the valorisation of food waste, critical aspects such as (i) the technical feasibility of the processes at industrial scale, (ii) the analysis of their techno-economic potential, including available quantities of waste, and (iii) a life cycle-based environmental assessment of benefits and burdens need to be considered. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of food waste valorisation pathways and to analyse to which extent these aspects have been considered in the literature. Although a plethora of food waste valorisation pathways exist, they are mainly developed at lab-scale. Further research is necessary to assess upscaled performance, feedstock security, and economic and environmental assessment of food waste valorisation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Caldeira
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Anestis Vlysidis
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fiore
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Valeria De Laurentiis
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vignali
- University of Parma, Department of Engineering and Architecture, Viale delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Serenella Sala
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Carota E, Petruccioli M, D'Annibale A, Crognale S. Mixed glycerol and orange peel-based substrate for fed-batch microbial biodiesel production. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04801. [PMID: 32984573 PMCID: PMC7494470 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aqueous extraction of orange peel waste (OPW), the byproduct of the juice extraction process generated annually in massive amounts (21 Mton), yields a carbohydrate-rich liquid fraction, termed orange peel extract (OPE). Several studies highlight that the combination of glycerol, a biodiesel byproduct, with carbohydrate mixtures might boost microbial lipid production. This study performed first a shaken flask screening of 15 oleaginous yeast strains based on their growth and lipid-producing abilities on OPE- and glycerol-based media. This screening enabled the selection of R. toruloides NRRL 1091 for the assessment of the process transfer in a stirred tank reactor (STR). This assessment relied, in particular, on either single- and double-stage feeding fed-batch (SSF-FB and DSF-FB, respectively) processes where OPE served as the primary medium and nitrogen-containing glycerol-OPE mixtures as the feeding one. The continuous supply mode at low dilution rates (0.02 and 0.01 h-1 for SSF-FB and DSF-FB, respectively) starting from the end of the exponential growth of the initial batch phase enabled the temporal extension of biomass and lipid production. The SSF-FB and DSF-FB processes attained high biomass and lipid volumetric productions (LVP) and ensured significant lipid accumulation on a dry cell basis (YL/X). The SSF-FB process led to LVP of 20.6 g L-1 after 104 h with volumetric productivity (r L) of 0.20 g L-1 h-1 and YL/X of 0.80; the DSF-FB process yielded LVP, r L and YL/X values equal to 15.92 g L-1, 0.11 g L-1 h-1 and 0.65, respectively. The fatty acid profiles of lipids from both fed-batch processes were not significantly different and resembled that of Jatropha oil, a vastly used feedstock for biodiesel production. These results suggest that OPE constitutes an excellent basis for the fed-batch production of R. toruloides lipids, and this process might afford a further option in OPW-based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Carota
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Petruccioli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Annibale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Crognale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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26
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Alibardi L, Astrup TF, Asunis F, Clarke WP, De Gioannis G, Dessì P, Lens PNL, Lavagnolo MC, Lombardi L, Muntoni A, Pivato A, Polettini A, Pomi R, Rossi A, Spagni A, Spiga D. Organic waste biorefineries: Looking towards implementation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 114:274-286. [PMID: 32683243 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of biorefinery expands the possibilities to extract value from organic matter in form of either bespoke crops or organic waste. The viability of biorefinery schemes depends on the recovery of higher-value chemicals with potential for a wide distribution and an untapped marketability. The feasibility of biorefining organic waste is enhanced by the fact that the biorefinery will typically receive a waste management fee for accepting organic waste. The development and implementation of waste biorefinery concepts can open up a wide array of possibilities to shift waste management towards higher sustainability. However, barriers encompassing environmental, technical, economic, logistic, social and legislative aspects need to be overcome. For instance, waste biorefineries are likely to be complex systems due to the variability, heterogeneity and low purity of waste materials as opposed to dedicated biomasses. This article discusses the drivers that can make the biorefinery concept applicable to waste management and the possibilities for its development to full scale. Technological, strategic and market constraints affect the successful implementations of these systems. Fluctuations in waste characteristics, the level of contamination in the organic waste fraction, the proximity of the organic waste resource, the markets for the biorefinery products, the potential for integration with other industrial processes and disposal of final residues are all critical aspects requiring detailed analysis. Furthermore, interventions from policy makers are necessary to foster sustainable bio-based solutions for waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Alibardi
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, School of Water, Environment and Energy, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Thomas F Astrup
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Fabiano Asunis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - William P Clarke
- Schools of Civil and Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Giorgia De Gioannis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; IGAG - CNR, Environmental Geology and Geoengineering Institute of the National Research Council, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dessì
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Piet N L Lens
- National University of Ireland Galway, University Rd, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Maria Cristina Lavagnolo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (ICEA). University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9 - 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Lidia Lombardi
- Niccolò Cusano University, via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, Rome 00166, Italy.
| | - Aldo Muntoni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; IGAG - CNR, Environmental Geology and Geoengineering Institute of the National Research Council, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Alberto Pivato
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (ICEA). University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9 - 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Polettini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Pomi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andreina Rossi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Spagni
- Laboratory of Technologies for Waste, Wastewater and Raw Materials Management, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), via M.M. Sole 4, Bologna 40129, Italy.
| | - Daniela Spiga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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27
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Anticona M, Blesa J, Frigola A, Esteve MJ. High Biological Value Compounds Extraction from Citrus Waste with Non-Conventional Methods. Foods 2020; 9:E811. [PMID: 32575685 PMCID: PMC7353614 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are extensively grown and much consumed around the world. Eighteen percent of total citrus cultivars are destined for industrial processes, and as a consequence, large amounts of waste are generated. Citrus waste is a potential source of high biological value compounds, which can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries but whose final disposal may pose a problem due to economic and environmental factors. At the same time, the emerging need to reduce the environmental impact of citrus waste and its responsible management has increased. For these reasons, the study of the use of non-conventional methods to extract high biological value compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, essential oils, and pectins from this type of waste has become more urgent in recent years. In this review, the effectiveness of technologies such as ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized water extraction, pulsed electric field, high-voltage electric discharges, and high hydrostatic pressures is described and assessed. A wide range of information concerning the principal non-conventional methods employed to obtain high-biological-value compounds from citrus waste as well as the most influencing factors about each technology are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Jose Esteve
- Nutrition and Food Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda., Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n., 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (M.A.); (J.B.); (A.F.)
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28
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Potential Recovery of Biogas from Lime Waste after Juice Extraction Using Solid–Liquid Extraction Process. RECYCLING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A large percentage of fruit mass is left as waste after the consumption or processing of citrus fruits. The inappropriate disposal of these wastes directly leads to environmental and economic concerns. However, scientific investigations have demonstrated that citrus wastes, due to their high concentration in soluble sugars, can be a source of cellulosic biomass for biogas recovery. d-Limonene, the major constituent of essential oils present in citrus wastes, is however, known to hamper the conversion process of citrus wastes to biogas. With the aim of improving biogas production, a study on the pre-treatment of lime fruit waste to reduce the effect of d-limonene was carried out. The pre-treatment process was done using hexane as the solvent in a solid–liquid extraction process to leach out essential oils from lime wastes. Solid–liquid extraction was carried out in a Soxhlet apparatus with pulverized lime waste at 68 °C for 180 min; then the residue was washed and aerated. From the pre-treatment procedure, 21.3 mL of essential oil was recovered, indicating an oil yield of 3.8%. Substrates of untreated and pre-treated lime waste were digested in batches under mesophilic conditions for a period of 28 days. The biogas yield of each substrate was evaluated and the results compared. Substrate of untreated lime waste yielded 66.9 mL/g VS. biogas after the digestion period. In comparison, pre-treated lime waste gave a better biogas yield of 93.2 mL/g VS. after 28 days, indicating an improvement in biogas yield by about 40%. The findings of this research show that there is a viable recovery option of biogas from lime waste, and recommendations of this research can be further explored to develop an economically viable biogas plant process that efficiently utilizes citrus wastes. This would boost the drive of government towards alternative sources of energy and also fulfil two of the sustainable development goals presented by the United Nations.
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Criado A, Martín M. Integrated Multiproduct Facility for the Production of Chemicals, Food, and Utilities from Oranges. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Criado
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Quı́mica. Universidad de Salamanca. Pza. Caídos 1-5, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
| | - Mariano Martín
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Quı́mica. Universidad de Salamanca. Pza. Caídos 1-5, Salamanca, 37008, Spain
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30
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of orange bagasse and effect of filtration on lactic acid fermentation. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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31
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Orange peel waste-based liquid medium for biodiesel production by oleaginous yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4617-4628. [PMID: 32236680 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Orange peel waste (OPW), the primary byproduct of the juice extraction process, is annually generated in massive amounts (21 Mton), and its aqueous extraction in biorefining operations yields a liquid fraction, referred to as orange peel extract (OPE). Although OPE contains significant amounts of easily assimilable carbohydrates, such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose, no investigations have been conducted yet to assess its possible use in biodiesel production by oleaginous yeasts. Consequently, the objective of the present study was to assess whether OPE might act as the basis of a liquid medium for microbial lipid production. A screening conducted with 18 strains of oleaginous yeasts in shaken flask on the OPE-based medium showed that Rhodosporidium toruloides NRRL 1091 and Cryptococcus laurentii UCD 68-201 gave the best results in terms of lipid production (5.8 and 4.5 g L-1, respectively) and accumulation (77 and 47% on a dry matter basis, respectively). The subsequent scale transfer of the process to a 3-L STR operated in batch mode halved the time required to reach the lipid peak with the ensuing increase in volumetric productivities in R. toruloides NRRL 1091 (3646 mg L-1 day-1) and C. laurentii UCD 68-201 (2970.7 mg L-1 day-1). The biodiesel yields from the lipids of the former and the latter strain were 36.9 and 31.9%, respectively. Based on multivariate analysis of fatty acid methyl ester compositions, the lipids from the former and the latter strain were highly resembling those of Jatropha and palm oils, two commonly used feedstocks for biodiesel manufacturing.
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32
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Accumulation of high-value bioproducts in planta can improve the economics of advanced biofuels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8639-8648. [PMID: 32220956 PMCID: PMC7165473 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000053117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulosic biofuels have not yet reached cost parity with conventional petroleum fuels. One strategy to address this challenge is to generate valuable coproducts alongside biofuels. Engineering bioenergy crops to generate value-added bioproducts in planta can reduce input requirements relative to microbial chassis and skip costly deconstruction and conversion steps. Although rapid progress has been made in plant metabolic engineering, there has been no systematic analysis devoted to quantifying the impact of such engineered bioenergy crops on biorefinery economics. Here, we provide new insights into how bioproduct accumulation in planta affects biofuel selling prices. We present the range of bioproduct selling prices and accumulation rates needed to compensate for additional extraction steps and reach a target $2.50/gal minimum biofuel selling price. Coproduction of high-value bioproducts at biorefineries is a key factor in making biofuels more cost-competitive. One strategy for generating coproducts is to directly engineer bioenergy crops to accumulate bioproducts in planta that can be fractionated and recovered at biorefineries. Here, we develop quantitative insights into the relationship between bioproduct market value and target accumulation rates by investigating a set of industrially relevant compounds already extracted from plant sources with a wide range of market prices and applications, including <$10/kg (limonene, latex, and polyhydroxybutyrate [PHB]), $10 to $100/kg (cannabidiol), and >$100/kg (artemisinin). These compounds are used to identify a range of mass fraction thresholds required to achieve net economic benefits for biorefineries and the additional amounts needed to reach a target $2.50/gal biofuel selling price, using cellulosic ethanol production as a test case. Bioproduct market prices and recovery costs determine the accumulation threshold; we find that moderate- to high-value compounds (i.e., cannabidiol and artemisinin) offer net economic benefits at accumulation rates of just 0.01% dry weight (dwt) to 0.02 dwt%. Lower-value compounds, including limonene, latex, and PHB, require at least an order-of-magnitude greater accumulation to overcome additional extraction and recovery costs (0.3 to 1.2 dwt%). We also find that a diversified approach is critical. For example, global artemisinin demand could be met with fewer than 10 biorefineries, while global demand for latex is equivalent to nearly 180 facilities. Our results provide a roadmap for future plant metabolic engineering efforts aimed at increasing the value derived from bioenergy crops.
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33
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Ozturk B, Winterburn J, Gonzalez-Miquel M. Orange peel waste valorisation through limonene extraction using bio-based solvents. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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34
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Ahn J, Song Y, Kwon JE, Lee SH, Park KS, Kim S, Woo J, Kim H. Food waste-driven N-doped carbon dots: Applications for Fe3+ sensing and cell imaging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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de la Torre I, Martin-Dominguez V, Acedos MG, Esteban J, Santos VE, Ladero M. Utilisation/upgrading of orange peel waste from a biological biorefinery perspective. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5975-5991. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Farrokh P, Sheikhpour M, Kasaeian A, Asadi H, Bavandi R. Cyanobacteria as an eco-friendly resource for biofuel production: A critical review. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2835. [PMID: 31063628 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms which can be found in various environmental habitats. These photosynthetic bacteria are considered as promising feedstock for the production of the third- and the fourth-generation biofuels. The main subject of this review is highlighting the significant aspects of the biofuel production from cyanobacteria. The most recent investigations about the extraction or separation of the bio-oil from cyanobacteria are also adduced in the present review. Moreover, the genetic engineering of cyanobacteria for improving biofuel production and the impact of bioinformatics studies on the designing better-engineered strains are mentioned. The large-scale biofuel production is challenging, so the economic considerations to provide inexpensive biofuels are also cited. It seems that the future of biofuels is strongly dependent to the following items; understanding the metabolic pathways of the cyanobacterial species, progression in the construction of the engineered cyanobacteria, and inexpensive large-scale cultivation of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Farrokh
- Department of cell and molecular biology, School of Biology, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alibakhsh Kasaeian
- Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Asadi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Bavandi
- Branch-Marine Science and Technology Faculty, Islamic Azad University North Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Wikandari R, Millati R, Taherzadeh MJ, Niklasson C. Effect of Effluent Recirculation on Biogas Production Using Two-stage Anaerobic Digestion of Citrus Waste. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123380. [PMID: 30572677 PMCID: PMC6320847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus waste is a promising potential feedstock for anaerobic digestion, yet the presence of inhibitors such as d-limonene is known to limit the process. Effluent recirculation has been proven to increase methane yield in a semi-continuous process for recalcitrant material, but it has never been applied to toxic materials. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of recirculation on biogas production from citrus waste as toxic feedstock in two-stage anaerobic digestion. The first digestion was carried out in a stirred tank reactor (STR). The effluent from the first-stage was filtered using a rotary drum filter to separate the solid and the liquid phase. The solid phase, rich in hydrophobic D-limonene, was discarded, and the liquid phase containing less D-limonene was fed into the second digester in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. A high organic loading rate (OLR 5 g VS/(L·day)) of citrus waste was fed into the first-stage reactor every day. The effluent of the first-stage was then fed into the second-stage reactor. This experiment was run for 120 days. A reactor configuration without recirculation was used as control. The result shows that the reactor with effluent recirculation produced a higher methane yield (160⁻203 NmL/g·VS) compared to that without recirculation (66⁻113 NmL/g·VS). More stable performance was also observed in the reactor with recirculation as shown by the pH of 5⁻6, while without recirculation the pH dropped to the range of 3.7⁻4.7. The VS reduction for the reactor with recirculation was 33⁻35% higher than that of the control without recirculation. Recirculation might affect the hydrolysis-acidogenesis process by regulating pH in the first-stage and removing most of the D-limonene content from the substrate through filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachma Wikandari
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Ria Millati
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | | | - Claes Niklasson
- Department of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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38
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Zema DA, Calabrò PS, Folino A, Tamburino V, Zappia G, Zimbone SM. Valorisation of citrus processing waste: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 80:252-273. [PMID: 30455006 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of citrus peel waste and discusses the systems for its valorisation. Citrus peel waste (CPW) is the main residue of the citrus processing industries and is characterised by a seasonal production (which often requires biomass storage) as well as high water content and concentration of essential oils. The disposal of CPW has considerable constraints due to both economic and environmental factors. Currently this residue is mainly used as food for animals, thanks to its nutritional capacity. If enough agricultural land is available close to the processing industries, the use of CPW as organic soil conditioner or as substrate for compost production is also possible, thus improving the organic matter content of the soil. Recently, the possibility of its valorisation for biomethane or bioethanol production has been evaluated by several studies, but currently more research is needed to overcome the toxic effects of the essential oils on the microbial community. Considering the high added value of the compounds that can be recovered from CPW, it has promising potential uses: in the food industry (for production of pectin, dietary fibres, etc.), and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries (extraction of flavonoids, flavouring agents and citric acid). However, in many cases, these uses are still not economically sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Zema
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - P S Calabrò
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, via Graziella, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - A Folino
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - V Tamburino
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - G Zappia
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - S M Zimbone
- Department AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, loc. Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
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39
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Cypriano DZ, da Silva LL, Tasic L. High value-added products from the orange juice industry waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:71-78. [PMID: 30343803 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An underutilized residue called Citrus Pulp of Floater (CPF), which causes problems during the industrial process of manufacturing of orange juice, was explored for the production of high value-added products. Mixed, first (1G) and second generation (2G) ethanol, a clean and renewable biofuel, was obtained after an enzyme cocktail isolated from the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) was applied in hydrolysis of this biomass. Then, mono- and co-culture fermentations were performed using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and two Candida strains (Candida parapsilosis IFM 48375 and NRRL Y-12969), where the last two were isolated from the orange bagasse in natura. After the enzymatic hydrolysis step, sugars obtained were converted to ethanol achieving a yield of almost 100% after co-fermentation. Hesperidin, a flavonoid widely used for its antimicrobial and/or antioxidant activities, was also extracted from CPF by liquid-solid extraction and precipitation, with the yield of 1.2% and 92.6% pure. Finally, nanocellulose was produced through processes such as extraction, bleaching and nanonization with the yield of 1.4% and over 98% of purity. These products - ethanol, hesperidin and nanocellulose were obtained from three independent processes: (1) after an enzyme-based hydrolysis of CPF, liquid part was used for ethanol production, and solid was preserved; (2) hesperidin was isolated from a dry CPF, and solid residue was preserved; and (3) nanocellulose was obtained from the solid residues after processes cited in 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Z Cypriano
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Lopes da Silva
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Course, Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Km 04, Dois Vizinhos, PR 85660-000, Brazil.
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Department, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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Cristóbal J, Caldeira C, Corrado S, Sala S. Techno-economic and profitability analysis of food waste biorefineries at European level. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:244-252. [PMID: 29567596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Food waste represents a potential source to produce value-added materials replacing the use of virgin ones. However, the use of food waste as feedstock in biorefineries is still at an early stage of development and studies assessing its economic viability at large scale are lacking in the literature. This paper presents a techno-economic and profitability analysis of four food waste biorefineries that use wastes from tomato, potato, orange, and olive processing as feedstock. The study includes the assessment of potentially available quantities of those waste flows in Europe. Due to the low technology readiness level of this kind of biorefineries, a screening methodology to estimate the investment and manufacturing costs as well as two profitability ratios (the return on investment and the payback time) was adopted. Results show that not all the waste feedstocks have the same potential. The most profitable options are those related to implementing fewer plants, namely concentrating the production and capitalising on economies of scale while being at risk of increasing externalities, e.g. due to logistics of the feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cristóbal
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Bio-economy Unit, Via E. Fermi, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Carla Caldeira
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Bio-economy Unit, Via E. Fermi, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Sara Corrado
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Bio-economy Unit, Via E. Fermi, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy
| | - Serenella Sala
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Bio-economy Unit, Via E. Fermi, 21027 Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Jang MO, Choi G. Techno-economic analysis of butanol production from lignocellulosic biomass by concentrated acid pretreatment and hydrolysis plus continuous fermentation. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lotito AM, De Sanctis M, Pastore C, Di Iaconi C. Biomethanization of citrus waste: Effect of waste characteristics and of storage on treatability and evaluation of limonene degradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 215:366-376. [PMID: 29602026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes the evaluation of the suitability of mesophilic anaerobic digestion as a simple technology for the treatment of the citrus waste produced by small-medium agro-industrial enterprises involved in the transformation of Citrus fruits. Two different stocks of citrus peel waste were used (i.e., fresh and stored citrus peel waste), to evaluate the influence of waste composition (variability in the type of processed Citrus fruits) and of storage (potentially necessary to operate the anaerobic digester continuously over the whole year due to the seasonality of the production) on anaerobic degradation treatability. A thorough characterization of the two waste types has been performed, showing that the fresh one has a higher solid and organic content, and that, in spite of the similar values of oil fraction amounts, the two stocks are significantly different in the composition of essential oils (43% of limonene and 34% of linalyl acetate in the fresh citrus waste and 20% of limonene and 74% of linalyl acetate in the stored citrus waste). Contrarily to what observed in previous studies, anaerobic digestion was successful and no reactor acidification occurred. No inhibition by limonene and linalyl acetate even at the maximum applied organic load value (i.e., 2.72 gCODwaste/gVSinoculum) was observed in the treatment of the stored waste, with limonene and linalyl acetate concentrations of 104 mg/l and 385 mg/l, respectively. On the contrary, some inhibition was detected with fresh citrus peel waste when the organic load increased from 2.21 to 2.88 gCODwaste/gVSinoculum, ascribable to limonene at initial concentration higher than 150 mg/l. A good conversion into methane was observed with fresh peel waste, up to 0.33 [Formula: see text] at the highest organic load, very close to the maximum theoretical value of 0.35 [Formula: see text] , while a lower efficiency was achieved with stored peel waste, with a reduction down to 0.24 [Formula: see text] at the highest organic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Maria Lotito
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, viale De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco De Sanctis
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, viale De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Pastore
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, viale De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Iaconi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, viale De Blasio 5, 70132 Bari, Italy.
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Wu W, Maravelias CT. Synthesis and techno-economic assessment of microbial-based processes for terpenes production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:294. [PMID: 30386431 PMCID: PMC6203976 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in metabolic engineering enable the production of chemicals from sugars through microbial bio-conversion. Terpenes have attracted substantial attention due to their relatively high prices and wide applications in different industries. To this end, we synthesize and assess processes for microbial production of terpenes. RESULTS To explain a counterintuitive experimental phenomenon where terpenes such as limonene (normal boiling point 176 °C) are often found to be 100% present in the vapor phase after bio-conversion (operating at only ~ 30 °C), we first analyze the vapor-liquid equilibrium for systems containing terpenes. Then, we propose alternative production configurations, which are further studied, using limonene as an example, in several case studies. Next, we perform economic assessment of the alternative processes and identify the major cost components. Finally, we extend the assessment to account for different process parameters, terpene products, ways to address terpene toxicity (microbial engineering vs. solvent use), and cellulosic biomass as a feedstock. We identify the key cost drivers to be (1) feed glucose concentration (wt%), (2) product yield (% of maximum theoretical yield) and (3) VVM (Volume of air per Volume of broth liquid per Minute, i.e., aeration rate in min-1). The production of limonene, based on current experimental data, is found to be economically infeasible (production cost ~ 465 $/kg vs. market selling price ~ 7 $/kg), but higher glucose concentration and yield can lower the cost. Among 12 terpenes studied, limonene appears to be the most reasonable short-term target because of its large market size (~ 160 million $/year in the US) and the relatively easier to achieve break-even yield (~ 30%, assuming a 14 wt% feed glucose concentration and 0.1 min-1 VVM). CONCLUSIONS The methods proposed in this work are applicable to a range of terpenes as well as other extracellular insoluble chemicals with density lower than that of water, such as fatty acids. The results provide guidance for future research in metabolic engineering toward terpenes production in terms of setting targets for key design parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wu
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Christos T. Maravelias
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering and DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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Statistical optimization of acid catalyzed steam pretreatment of citrus peel waste for bioethanol production. RESOURCE-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Conversion of citric pectin into D-galacturonic acid with high substrate loading using a fermented solid with pectinolytic activity. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Finkler ATJ, Biz A, Pitol LO, Medina BS, Luithardt H, Luz LFDL, Krieger N, Mitchell DA. Intermittent agitation contributes to uniformity across the bed during pectinase production by Aspergillus niger grown in solid-state fermentation in a pilot-scale packed-bed bioreactor. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Putnik P, Bursać Kovačević D, Režek Jambrak A, Barba FJ, Cravotto G, Binello A, Lorenzo JM, Shpigelman A. Innovative "Green" and Novel Strategies for the Extraction of Bioactive Added Value Compounds from Citrus Wastes-A Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E680. [PMID: 28448474 PMCID: PMC6154587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus is a major processed crop that results in large quantities of wastes and by-products rich in various bioactive compounds such as pectins, water soluble and insoluble antioxidants and essential oils. While some of those wastes are currently valorised by various technologies (yet most are discarded or used for feed), effective, non-toxic and profitable extraction strategies could further significantly promote the valorisation and provide both increased profits and high quality bioactives. The present review will describe and summarize the latest works concerning novel and greener methods for valorisation of citrus by-products. The outcomes and effectiveness of those technologies such as microwaves, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields and high pressure is compared both to conventional valorisation technologies and between the novel technologies themselves in order to highlight the advantages and potential scalability of these so-called "enabling technologies". In many cases the reported novel technologies can enable a valorisation extraction process that is "greener" compared to the conventional technique due to a lower energy consumption and reduced utilization of toxic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Danijela Bursać Kovačević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy.
| | - Arianna Binello
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, Turin 10125, Italy.
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, c/Galicia, 4, San Ciprián de Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Avi Shpigelman
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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Dávila JA, Rosenberg M, Cardona CA. A biorefinery for efficient processing and utilization of spent pulp of Colombian Andes Berry (Rubus glaucus Benth.): Experimental, techno-economic and environmental assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:227-236. [PMID: 27792932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated a model biorefinery for producing phenolic compounds extract, ethanol and xylitol from spent blackberry pulp (SBP). The biorefinery was investigated according to four potential scenarios including mass and heat integrations as well as cogeneration system for supplying part of the energy requirements in the biorefinery. The investigated SBP had 61.54% holocellulose; its total phenolic compounds was equivalent to 2700mg of gallic acid/100g SBP, its anthocyanins content was 126.41mg/kg of SBP and its total antioxidant activity was 174.8μmol TE/g of SBP. The economic analysis revealed that the level of integration in the biorefinery significantly affected the total production cost. The sale-to-total-production-cost ratio indicated that both, mass and heat integrations are of importance relevance. The cost of supplies (enzymes and reagents) had the most significant impact on the total production cost and accounted between 46.72 and 58.95% of the total cost of the biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Dávila
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Engineering, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 110311 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Moshe Rosenberg
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlos A Cardona
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Km. 7 via al Magdalena, Campus la Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
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Torquato LDM, Pachiega R, Crespi MS, Nespeca MG, de Oliveira JE, Maintinguer SI. Potential of biohydrogen production from effluents of citrus processing industry using anaerobic bacteria from sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:181-193. [PMID: 27825704 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Citrus crops are among the most abundant crops in the world, which processing is mainly based on juice extraction, generating large amounts of effluents with properties that turn them into potential pollution sources if they are improperly discarded. This study evaluated the potential for bioconversion of effluents from citrus-processing industry (wastewater and vinasse) into hydrogen through the dark fermentation process, by applying anaerobic sewage sludge as inoculum. The inoculum was previously heat treated to eliminate H2-consumers microorganisms and improve its activity. Anaerobic batch reactors were operated in triplicate with increasing proportions (50, 80 and 100%) of each effluent as substrate at 37°C, pH 5.5. Citrus effluents had different effects on inoculum growth and H2 yields, demonstrated by profiles of acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid and ethanol, the main by-products generated. It was verified that there was an increase in the production of biogas with the additions of either wastewater (7.3, 33.4 and 85.3mmolL-1) or vinasse (8.8, 12.7 and 13.4mmolL-1) in substrate. These effluents demonstrated remarkable energetic reuse perspectives: 24.0MJm-3 and 4.0MJm-3, respectively. Besides promoting the integrated management and mitigation of anaerobic sludge and effluents from citrus industry, the biohydrogen production may be an alternative for the local energy supply, reducing the operational costs in their own facilities, while enabling a better utilization of the biological potential contained in sewage sludges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian D M Torquato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renan Pachiega
- Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels, Biofuels, Crude Oil and Derivatives (CEMPEQC), Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa S Crespi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurílio Gustavo Nespeca
- Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels, Biofuels, Crude Oil and Derivatives (CEMPEQC), Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo de Oliveira
- Center for Monitoring and Research of the Quality of Fuels, Biofuels, Crude Oil and Derivatives (CEMPEQC), Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), CP 355, 14801-970 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra I Maintinguer
- Institute of Research on Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13500-230 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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50
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Homogeneous carboxymethylated orange pulp cellulose: Characterization and evaluation in terms of drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1141-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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