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Wang W, Shen A, Wang L, Liu H. Measurements, emission characteristics, and control methods of fire effluents generated from tunnel asphalt pavement during fire: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64267-64297. [PMID: 35840830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tunnels are widely used in high-grade roads, particularly in mountainous areas; however, tunnel fires often result in severe economic losses and casualties. The fire effluents produced from asphalt pavement have attracted significant research attention. The main objective of this study is to assimilate information on various aspects of bituminous mixture emissions during fires. In this study, the fume emissions of bitumen and bituminous mixtures during combustion are comprehensively reviewed and summarized. First, the test methods for fire effluents produced by bitumen and bituminous mixtures after combustion are summarized. Second, the factors influencing the fume concentration and composition are determined. In addition, different methods to reduce the emission of fire effluents are compared, particularly for the suppression of toxic gas emissions. Then, reasonable suggestions are proposed to reduce the damage caused by hazardous gases to humans and the environment. This review is beneficial for comprehensively understanding the fume emission behaviour and future research on the smoke suppression of highway tunnel asphalt pavements during fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Wang
- School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aiqin Shen
- School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory for Special Area Highway Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, China.
| | - Lusheng Wang
- School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongchang Liu
- School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Arranz JI, Miranda MT, Montero I, Sepúlveda FJ. Thermal Study and Emission Characteristics of Rice Husk Using TG-MS. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206203. [PMID: 34683793 PMCID: PMC8537879 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rice husks are a by-product that is generated in large quantities in Spain. However, they are not used efficiently. One of their possible applications is its thermal use in power generation equipment. For that purpose, it is important to know the characteristics of rice husks and their thermal behavior, as well as their possible pollutant emission to the atmosphere with respect to its thermal use as a biofuel. In this work, the thermal characteristics of rice husks and their thermal behavior were studied by using thermogravimetry and mass spectroscopy for two different atmospheres (oxidizing and inert). This way, the thermal profiles and the main characteristics were studied, as well as the emission of possible pollutants to the atmosphere, such as CO2, CH4, NO2, NH3, SO2, and H2S. Moreover, three different methods (FWO, KAS, and Starink) were used to carry out a thermal analysis, in order to obtain the main thermal parameters such as activation energy. The results of the analysis predicted that rice husks could be used as biofuel in industrial thermal equipment based on its acceptable calorific value, good thermal characteristics, and low gas emissions both in oxidizing and inert atmosphere (although they have a high ash content).
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Wzorek M, Junga R, Yilmaz E, Niemiec P. Combustion behavior and mechanical properties of pellets derived from blends of animal manure and lignocellulosic biomass. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112487. [PMID: 33873020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the possibility of valorization of animal manure (camel and cow) by mixing it with agro-industrial biomass (cotton stalk and rapeseed oil cake) to produce pellets for use in power generation processes. Feedstocks were mixed in specific proportions based on certain assumptions concerning the energy and mechanical parameters of pellets. The assessment concerned both the combustion behavior as well as mechanical properties of four types of pellets derived from blends of animal manure and agro-industrial biomass. Thermogravimetry (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) techniques are applied to analyze the reaction areas, characteristic temperatures as well as heat flow rates of raw materials and their blends. Results showed that addition of agro-industrial biomass (even 10%) to animal manure changed the specific combustion parameters: initiation and burn-out temperature and combustion time. For blends of cow manure (COM) and rapeseed oil cake (ROC), a reduction in the initiation temperature was achieved compared to the combustion of raw cow manure, and the combustion time increased by 1/3. In the case of camel manure (CAM) with the addition of cotton stalk (CS) the burn-out temperature and combustion time decreased. The addition of agro-biomass also causes a change in the heat release profiles, for the blends no pronounced DSC peaks are obtained in the area of devolatilization as it happens animal manure alone and in the area of fixed carbon combustion as for cotton stalk and rapeseed oil cake. The heat released from camel manure blends was 9.2-9.3 kJ/kg and from cow manure blends 10.2-10.4 kJ/kg. An evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties showed that all types of pellets at a moisture content of 10-15% have a similar drop strength in the range of 80-85%, while this strength decreases to 40-60% after the pellets have absorbed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wzorek
- Department of Process and Environmental Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 5 Mikołajczyka St, 45-271, Opole, Poland.
| | - Robert Junga
- Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Opole University of Technology, 5 Mikołajczyka St, 45-271, Opole, Poland
| | - Ersel Yilmaz
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, South Campus, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Patrycja Niemiec
- Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Opole University of Technology, 5 Mikołajczyka St, 45-271, Opole, Poland
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Parthasarathy P, Fernandez A, Al-Ansari T, Mackey HR, Rodriguez R, McKay G. Thermal degradation characteristics and gasification kinetics of camel manure using thermogravimetric analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 287:112345. [PMID: 33735671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the sustainable valorisation of camel manure has been studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The gasification tests were performed from ambient conditions to 950 °C at 10, 20, and 50 °C/min under an O2 environment. The TGA data were applied to determine the kinetics of the O2 gasification. Single-heating rate models (Arrhenius and Coats-Redfern) and multi-heating rate models (Distributed activation energy, Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Starink, and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose) were applied to estimate the kinetics of the process. Between the two single-heating rate models, the Coats-Redfern method fitted best with the experimental data. Among the multi-heating rate models, the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model fitted best with the experimental results. The kinetic parameters-frequency factor, activation energy, and order of reaction were estimated using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa model (the best-fitting model) and the estimated kinetic parameters were used to calculate the thermodynamic properties-Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. The information on these kinetic and thermodynamic properties can be useful for the design of gasifiers and for optimising the O2 gasification operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Parthasarathy
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box:, 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Anabel Fernandez
- Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería (UNSJ), Grupo Vinculado al PROBIEN (CONICET-UNCo), San Juan, Argentina
| | - Tareq Al-Ansari
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box:, 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Division of Engineering Management and Decision Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box:, 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamish R Mackey
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box:, 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rosa Rodriguez
- Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería (UNSJ), Grupo Vinculado al PROBIEN (CONICET-UNCo), San Juan, Argentina
| | - Gordon McKay
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box:, 34110, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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Salema AA, Ting RMW, Shang YK. Pyrolysis of blend (oil palm biomass and sawdust) biomass using TG-MS. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:439-446. [PMID: 30553084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to pyrolyze individual (oil palm shell, empty fruit bunch and sawdust) as well as blend biomass in a thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS) from room temperature to 800 °C at constant heating rate of 15 °C/min. The results showed that the onset TG temperature for blend biomass shifted slightly to lower values. Activation energy values were also found to decrease slightly after blending the biomass. Interestingly, the MS spectra of selected gases (H2O CH4, H2O, C2H2, C2H4 or CO, CH2O, CH3OH, HCl, C3H6, CO2, HCOOH, and C6H12) evolved from blend biomass showed decreased in the intensity as compared to their individual biomass. Overall, the blend biomass showed synergy which provides ways to expand the possibility of utilizing multiple feedstocks in one thermo-chemical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Adam Salema
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ryan Man Wai Ting
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kuan Shang
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lang Q, Zhang B, Liu Z, Chen Z, Xia Y, Li D, Ma J, Gai C. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of corn stalk and swine manure: Combustion behavior of hydrochar by thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:75-83. [PMID: 30265955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The combustion behavior of the hydrochar from co-hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of corn stalk (CS) and swine manure (SM) was thermogravimetrically investigated. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) were used for kinetic analysis, and the thermodynamic parameters were determined. Results showed that HTC decreased the combustion property and stability of SM, while co-HTC with CS significantly improved the combustion performance of the hydrochar including the increased ignition temperature and decreased burnout temperature. HTC of SM decreased the average activation energy (Ea) value from 140.40 and 137.31 KJ/mol to 124.40 and 120.17 KJ/mol by FWO and KAS, respectively, and increasing proportion of CS during co-HTC increased the Ea value of the hydrochar to 141.53-171.23 and 138.35-169.66 KJ/mol, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters confirmed the enhanced combustion reactivity of the hydrochar from co-HTC of CS and SM. These findings demonstrated that co-HTC with CS benefited the hydrochar production from SM with improved combustion performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shandong Province Environmental Technology Service Center, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Gai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Liu J, Huang L, Sun G, Chen J, Zhuang S, Chang K, Xie W, Kuo J, He Y, Sun S, Buyukada M, Evrendilek F. (Co-)combustion of additives, water hyacinth and sewage sludge: Thermogravimetric, kinetic, gas and thermodynamic modeling analyses. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 81:211-219. [PMID: 30527037 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Additives and biomass were co-combusted with sewage sludge (SS) to promote SS incineration treatment and energy generation. (Co-)combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS), water hyacinth (WH), and 5% five additives (K2CO3, Na2CO3, Mg2CO3, MgO and Al2O3) were quantified and compared using thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) and numerical analyses. The combustion performance of SS declined slightly with the additives which was demonstrated by the 0.03-to-0.25-fold decreases in comprehensive combustibility index (CCI). The co-combustion performed well given the 0.31-fold increase in CCI. Kinetic parameters were estimated using the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods. Apparent activation energy estimates by OFW and KAS were consistent. The addition of K2CO3 and MgCO3 decreased the weighted average activation energy of SS. Adding K2CO3 to the blend reduced CO2, NO2, SO2, HCN and NH3 emissions. CO2, NO2 and SO2 emissions were higher from WH than SS. Adding WH or K2CO3 to SS increased CO2, NO2 and SO2 but HCN and NH3 emissions. Based on both catalytic effects and evolved gases, K2CO3 was potentially an optimal option for the catalytic combustion among the tested additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyong Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Limao Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guang Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiacong Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengwei Zhuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kenlin Chang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wuming Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahong Kuo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuiyu Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Musa Buyukada
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14052 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14052 Bolu, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Ardahan University, 75002 Ardahan, Turkey
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Opportunities and Barriers to Bioenergy Conversion Techniques and Their Potential Implementation on Swine Manure. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hao Z, Yang B, Jahng D. Combustion characteristics of biodried sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 72:296-305. [PMID: 29153905 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of biodrying on the characteristics of sewage sludge and the subsequent combustion behavior were investigated. 7-Day of biodrying removed 49.78% of water and 23.17% of VS initially contained in the sewage sludge and increased lower heating value (LHV) by 37.87%. Meanwhile, mass contents of C and N decreased from 36.25% and 6.12% to 32.06% and 4.82%, respectively. Surface of the biodried sewage sludge (BDSS) appeared granulated and multi-porous, which was thought to facilitate air transfer during combustion. According to thermogravimetric (TG) analysis coupled with mass spectrometer (MS) with a heating rate of 10 °C/min from 35 °C to 1000 °C, thermally-dried sewage sludge (TDSS) and BDSS lost 74.39% and 67.04% of the initial mass, respectively. In addition, combustibility index (S) of BDSS (8.67 × 10-8 min-2 K-3) was higher than TDSS. TG-MS analyses also showed that less nitrogenous gases were generated from BDSS than TDSS. It was again showed that the average CO and NO concentrations in exit gas from isothermal combustion of BDSS were lower than those from TDSS, especially at low temperatures (≤800 °C). Based on these results, it was concluded that biodrying of sewage sludge was an energy-efficient water-removal method with less emission of air pollutants when BDSS was combusted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongdi Hao
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongjiro, Cheoingu, Yonginshi, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Benqin Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Deokjin Jahng
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongjiro, Cheoingu, Yonginshi, Gyeonggido 17058, Republic of Korea.
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Huang L, Xie C, Liu J, Zhang X, Chang K, Kuo J, Sun J, Xie W, Zheng L, Sun S, Buyukada M, Evrendilek F. Influence of catalysts on co-combustion of sewage sludge and water hyacinth blends as determined by TG-MS analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:217-225. [PMID: 28950129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the three metal carbonates (K2CO3, Na2CO3, and MgCO3) were quantified on catalytic co-combustion of the sewage sludge and water hyacinth (SW) blend using a thermogravimetric-mass spectrometric (TG-MS) analysis and kinetics modeling. The main dominating steps of the catalysts were the organic volatile matter release and combustion stage. Weighted mean values of activation energy (Em) were estimated at 181.18KJ·mol-1, 199.76KJ·mol-1, 138.76KJ·mol-1, and 177.88KJ·mol-1 for SW, SW+5% K2CO3, SW+5% Na2CO3, and SW+5% MgCO3, respectively. The lowest Em occurred with SW+5% Na2CO3. Overall, catalyst effect on co-combustion appeared to be negligible as indicated by Gibbs free energy (ΔG). The normalized intensities of SW+MgCO3 were strongest. The addition of Na2CO3 and MgCO3 to SW increased flue gases emissions (CO2, NO2, SO2, HCN, and NH3) of SW, whereas the addition of K2CO3 to SW reduced flue gases emissions from the entire combustion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limao Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Candie Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - KenLin Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahong Kuo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuiyu Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Musa Buyukada
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
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11
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Vamvuka D, Alloimonos N. Combustion behaviour of Olive pruning/animal manure blends in a fluidized bed combustor. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00385. [PMID: 28948236 PMCID: PMC5602778 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive pruning and animal manure blends were burned in a fluidized bed system, in order to investigate their valorization for thermal energy production. Combustion performance was studied in terms of efficiency and emissions under various operating conditions. Both fuels burned mostly within the bed. The maximum temperature of animal manure was 50 °C lower than that of olive pruning, however efficiency was nearly 99%. CO emissions were low, SO2 emissions were negligible, whereas NOx emissions of blends exceeded legislation limits, when excess air ratio was over 1.4. Decreasing excess air from 50 to 30%, or reducing reactor loading, resulted in improved burnout. The optimum performance for the blends was achieved when the feed rate was 0.6 kg/h and excess air was 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Vamvuka
- Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Greece
| | - Nicolaos Alloimonos
- Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Greece
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12
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Li H, Xia S, Ma P. Thermogravimetric investigation of the co-combustion between the pyrolysis oil distillation residue and lignite. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:615-622. [PMID: 27416511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-combustion of lignite with distillation residue derived from rice straw pyrolysis oil was investigated by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of distillation residue improved the reactivity and combustion efficiency of lignite, such as increasing the weight loss rate at peak temperature and decreasing the burnout temperature and the total burnout. With increasing distillation residue content in the blended fuels, the synergistic interactions between distillation residue and lignite firstly increased and then decreased during co-combustion stage. Results of XRF, FTIR, (13)C NMR and SEM analysis indicated that chemical structure, mineral components and morphology of samples have great influence on the synergistic interactions. The combustion mechanisms and kinetic parameters were calculated by the Coats Redfern model, suggesting that the lowest apparent activation energy (120.19kJ/mol) for the blended fuels was obtained by blending 60wt.% distillation residue during main co-combustion stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqian Xia
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peisheng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
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13
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Ekpo U, Ross AB, Camargo-Valero MA, Fletcher LA. Influence of pH on hydrothermal treatment of swine manure: Impact on extraction of nitrogen and phosphorus in process water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:637-644. [PMID: 27187568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of pH on extraction of nitrogen and phosphorus from swine manure following hydrothermal treatment. Conditions include thermal hydrolysis (TH) at 120°C and 170°C, and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) at 200°C and 250°C in either water alone or in the presence of 0.1M NaOH, H2SO4, CH3COOH or HCOOH. Phosphorus extraction is pH and temperature dependent and is enhanced under acidic conditions. The highest level of phosphorus is extracted using H2SO4 reaching 94% at 170°C. The phosphorus is largely retained in the residue for all other conditions. The extraction of nitrogen is not as significantly influenced by pH, although the maximum N extraction is achieved using H2SO4. A significant level of organic-N is extracted into the process waters following hydrothermal treatment. The results indicate that operating hydrothermal treatment in the presence of acidic additives has benefits in terms of improving the extraction of phosphorus and nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ekpo
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A B Ross
- Energy Research Institute, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - M A Camargo-Valero
- Institute for Public Health and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Campus La Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - L A Fletcher
- Institute for Public Health and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Yu D, Chen M, Wei Y, Niu S, Xue F. An assessment on co-combustion characteristics of Chinese lignite and eucalyptus bark with TG–MS technique. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Fernandez-Lopez M, Puig-Gamero M, Lopez-Gonzalez D, Avalos-Ramirez A, Valverde J, Sanchez-Silva L. Life cycle assessment of swine and dairy manure: pyrolysis and combustion processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 182:184-192. [PMID: 25698410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The valorization of three different manure samples via pyrolysis and combustion processes was evaluated. Dairy manure (sample Pre) was biologically pretreated by anaerobic digestion (sample Dig R) whereas swine manure (sample SW) was pretreated by a biodrying process. Thermal behavior of manure samples were studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). These processes could be divided into four general stages: dehydration, devolatilization, char transformation (oxidation for combustion) and inorganic matter decomposition. The main differences observed among the samples were attributed to their different composition and pretreatment. The economic feasibility, energetic and environmental impacts of pyrolysis and combustion technologies for dairy samples were carried out by means of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Four different scenarios were analyzed. The economic feasibility of the pyrolysis process was demonstrated, being sample Dig R the best environmental option. However, the combustion of sample Pre was the best energetic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernandez-Lopez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Puig-Gamero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D Lopez-Gonzalez
- CNRS, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon, France
| | | | - J Valverde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L Sanchez-Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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16
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Di Gregorio F, Santoro D, Arena U. The effect of ash composition on gasification of poultry wastes in a fluidized bed reactor. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2014; 32:323-330. [PMID: 24638275 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14525821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ash composition on the fluidized bed gasification behaviour of poultry wastes was investigated by operating a pre-pilot scale reactor with two batches of manure obtained from an industrial chicken farm. The experimental runs were carried out by keeping the fluidized bed velocity fixed (at 0.4m s(-1)) and by varying the equivalence ratio between 0.27 and 0.40, so obtaining bed temperature values between 700 and 800 °C. The performance of the gasification process was assessed by means of mass balances as well as material and feedstock energy analyses, and reported in terms of cold gas efficiency (CGE), specific energy production, low heating value of obtained syngas and yield of undesired by-products. The experimental results indicate the crucial role of ash amount and composition of the two poultry wastes. In particular, higher ash content (25.1% instead of 17.2%) and higher fractions of calcium, phosphorous and potassium (with an increase of 24, 30 and 28%, respectively) induce a dramatic reduction of all the process performance parameters: CGE reduces from 0.63 to 0.33 and the specific energy from 2.1 to 1.1 kWh kg(fuel)(-1). At the same time, the formation of alkali compounds and their behaviour inside the fluidized bed reactor determine an increase of feedstock energy losses, which is related to occurrence of sintering and bridging between bed particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Di Gregorio
- 1AMRA s.c. a r.l. - Analysis and Monitoring of Environmental Risk, Via Nuova Agnano, Naples, Italy
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17
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Sharara M, Sadaka S. Thermogravimetric Analysis of Swine Manure Solids Obtained from Farrowing, and Growing-Finishing Farms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jsbs.2014.41008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Goldfarb JL, Liu C. Impact of blend ratio on the co-firing of a commercial torrefied biomass and coal via analysis of oxidation kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:208-215. [PMID: 24113546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of torrefied biomass into coal-fired power plants could potentially lower the SOx and net CO2 emissions resulting from electricity generation. However, concerns over lower heating values and slightly higher ash content of torrefied biomass suggest that blending it with coal in industrial boilers may be preferable to complete fuel transition. By studying the oxidation kinetics of coal-torrefied biomass blends in a thermogravimetric analyzer at a heating rate of 100°C/min, we find an additive nature among the fuels for peak mass loss rates and enthalpies of combustion. The activation energy required to initiate decomposition decreases from 132.6 to 77.6 kJ/mol as the torrefied biomass increases from 0 to 100 wt%, with a sharp decrease between 0 and 40 wt%. Data suggest that incorporation of torrefied biomass into coal-fired boilers is dependent on the ability to sacrifice heating value for the lower emissions of SOx and net CO2 garnered using bio-coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Goldfarb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, 15 St. Mary's St., Brookline, MA 02446, United States.
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Liu Z, Quek A, Kent Hoekman S, Srinivasan MP, Balasubramanian R. Thermogravimetric investigation of hydrochar-lignite co-combustion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 123:646-52. [PMID: 22960124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Co-combustion of hydrochar with lignite was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis. Hydrochars were produced from coconut fibers and eucalyptus leaves under hydrothermal conditions at 250°C. The hydrochar was added in varying amounts to lignite for combustion. The results indicated that hydrothermal treatment decreased the volatile matter content and increased the fixed carbon content of the biomaterials. The elevated energy density and decreased ash content of the hydrochar improved its combustion behavior when co-fired with lignite for energy production. The hydrochars derived from coconut fiber and eucalyptus leaves had similar chemical compositions and showed similar influences on lignite combustion. Hydrochar addition increased the burnout and shortened the combustion range of the hydrochar-lignite blends. High combustion efficiency was observed due to the synergistic interactions between hydrochar and lignite during the co-combustion process. A kinetic study showed that the combustion process of hydrochar-lignite blends followed first-order reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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20
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Energy Analysis of a Biomass Co-firing Based Pulverized Coal Power Generation System. SUSTAINABILITY 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/su4040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Cai J, Chen Y. Iterative linear integral isoconversional method: theory and application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 103:309-312. [PMID: 22055094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the theory of the iterative linear integral isoconversional method was illustrated in detail. This method allows the dependence of the activation energy (Eα) on the conversion degree to be accurately determined in a short time. Moreover, the method can yield the term [Aαf(α)] (Aα: the frequency factor at conversion α, f(α): the reaction model). The obtained Eα and [Aαf(α)] values can be used to reconstruct the kinetic conversion data at experimental and extrapolated conditions. The suggested method was applied to the experimental data of combustion of biomass fast pyrolysis char, and the corresponding kinetic parameters were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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