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Kundu C, Samudrala SP, Kibria MA, Bhattacharya S. One-step peracetic acid pretreatment of hardwood and softwood biomass for platform chemicals production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11183. [PMID: 34045559 PMCID: PMC8160206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive renewable resource to produce biofuel or platform chemicals. Efficient and cost-effective conversion systems of lignocellulosic biomass depend on their appropriate pretreatment processes. Alkali or dilute acid pretreatment of biomass requires a high temperature (> 150 °C) to remove xylan (hemicellulosic sugar) and lignin partially. In this study, peracetic acid was used to pretreat biomass feedstocks, including hardwood and softwood species. It was found that the thermally-assisted dilute acid pretreatment of biomass conducted under the mild temperature of 90 °C up to 5 h resulted in the effective removal of lignin from the biomass with a negligible loss of carbohydrates. This thermally-assisted pretreatment achieved 90% of delignification, and this result was compared with the microwave-assisted pretreatment method. In addition, the crystallinity index (CrI), surface morphology, and chemical structure were significantly changed after the acid pretreatment. The biomass digestibility increased significantly with increased reaction time, by 32% and 23% for hardwood and softwood, respectively. From this study, it is clear that peracetic acid pretreatment is an effective method to enrich glucan content in biomass by delignification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kundu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Mahmud Arman Kibria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia.
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2
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Gu S, Zhang D, Gao Y, Qi R, Chen W, Xu Z. Fabrication of porous carbon derived from cotton/polyester waste mixed with oyster shells: Pore-forming process and application for tetracycline removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129483. [PMID: 33418214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Porous carbon was fabricated from cotton/polyester-based textile wastes as a carbon source coupled with oyster shells for tetracycline removal. The preparation conditions were optimized and detailed characterization was conducted to study the effects of oyster shells on cotton/polyester pyrolysis. The optimal pyrolysis temperature (900 °C), pyrolysis time (1 h) and mass ratio (OS/CPW of 1:1) were determined using the Box-Behnken experiment. The best porous carbon reached a surface area of 645.05 m2/g. Oyster shells acted as templates to produce cotton/polyester-based porous carbon and a possible pore-forming process was proposed. CaO was converted from CaCO3, which played the dominant role in developing the mesoporous structure. CO2 gas released from CaCO3 promoted the creation of micropore structure. In addition, the impurites of oyster shells acted as the dispersing agent inhibiting CaCO3 and CaO aggregation and growth. Fe2O3 and K2O from impurities reacted with the carbon skeleton to increase microporosity. Finally, the well-developed and uniform porous carbon was obtained. The first-pseudo order model and Langmuir isotherms were suitable. The maximum adsorption capacity of PC-OS-900 was 515.17 mg/g which competed with other waste-based adsorbents. The TET adsorption mechanism was related to pore distribution, hydrogen bonds, π-π EDA interactions and electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Gu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Daofang Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Yuquan Gao
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Renzhi Qi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Weifang Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
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3
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Tu W, Liu Y, Xie Z, Chen M, Ma L, Du G, Zhu M. A novel activation-hydrochar via hydrothermal carbonization and KOH activation of sewage sludge and coconut shell for biomass wastes: Preparation, characterization and adsorption properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 593:390-407. [PMID: 33744547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A two-stage method of hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation technology was applied to prepare a novel, large surface area and rich-pore structure activation-hydrochar from sludge sewage and coconut shell due to its mild, low-cost, and well-developed merits. The pore-making mechanism of activation-hydrochar was discussed by FT-IR, XPS, SEM, TG, TG-MS, XRD, and BET characterization. These results illustrated that the first stage of hydrothermal carbonization achieved the rich-pore structure hydrochar via dehydration, decarboxylation, deamination, and rearrangement reactions. The subsequent KOH activation was conducive to the pore-forming process. Specifically, the pore structure of activation-hydrochar was ameliorated and abundant active adsorption sites were obtained by the modification. The adsorption properties of activation-hydrochar on Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) were systematically investigated, and the max adsorption capacities of those were obtained with 623.37 mg/g and 228.25 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir models were both fit to elucidate the adsorption process for both dyes. Thermodynamics revealed adsorption performance accompanied by the spontaneous and endothermic processes. In general, the research clearly indicated the synthesis route for activation-hydrochar, and its further adsorption performance, capacity, and mechanism on MB and CR. This research demonstrated that activation-hydrochar with the abundant surface area and rich-pore structure made it a candidate for the production of effective adsorption material. It is prospective to achieve the utilization of wastes and its further application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Tu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China.
| | - Zhengfeng Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Mingyan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Lili Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Guoyong Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
| | - Meng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China
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4
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Gao Y, Yue Q, Gao B, Li A. Insight into activated carbon from different kinds of chemical activating agents: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141094. [PMID: 32745853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) is an important material in various fields owing to its low cost, well-developed porosity, and favorable chemical stability. Key factors for the optimal synthesis of AC are the carbon precursors, activation pathways, activating agents, and design of the procedure parameters. So far, no case studies have reviewed the activating agents used during the chemical activation process. Accordingly, the present review provides a summary of recent research, highlighting the development of activating agents during the process of AC. Detailed lists of pore-forming mechanisms by various activating agents, including alkaline, acidic, neutral, and self-activating agents, have been systematically summarized. Furthermore, the effects of activating agents on the experimental procedures have also been established. Finally, a comprehensive discussion about the influences of activating agents on the physical and chemical properties of the resultant AC is included. The objective of this study is to reveal and distinguish the individual roles of different activating agents during AC synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, PR China
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5
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Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by the Valorization of Biomass and Synthetic Waste. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235539. [PMID: 33255864 PMCID: PMC7728366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pollutants are a looming threat to the entire ecosystem, including wildlife, the environment, and human health. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural biodegradable microbial polymers with a promising potential to replace synthetic plastics. This research is focused on devising a sustainable approach to produce PHAs by a new microbial strain using untreated synthetic plastics and lignocellulosic biomass. For experiments, 47 soil samples and 18 effluent samples were collected from various areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were primarily screened for PHA detection on agar medium containing Nile blue A stain. The PHA positive bacterial isolates showed prominent orange-yellow fluorescence on irradiation with UV light. They were further screened for PHA estimation by submerged fermentation in the culture broth. Bacterial isolate 16a produced maximum PHA and was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. It was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia HA-16 (MN240936), reported first time for PHA production. Basic fermentation parameters, such as incubation time, temperature, and pH were optimized for PHA production. Wood chips, cardboard cutouts, plastic bottle cutouts, shredded polystyrene cups, and plastic bags were optimized as alternative sustainable carbon sources for the production of PHAs. A vital finding of this study was the yield obtained by using plastic bags, i.e., 68.24 ± 0.27%. The effective use of plastic and lignocellulosic waste in the cultivation medium for the microbial production of PHA by a novel bacterial strain is discussed in the current study.
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6
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Xu Z, Zhou Y, Sun Z, Zhang D, Huang Y, Gu S, Chen W. Understanding reactions and pore-forming mechanisms between waste cotton woven and FeCl 3 during the synthesis of magnetic activated carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125120. [PMID: 31683447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
FeCl3 is a valuable iron salt used in the synthesis of magnetic waste cotton woven-based activated carbon. Although it has received extensive research attention, more information is required regarding its interactions with the carbon matrix. This systematic study describes the potential reactions of FeCl3 and waste cotton woven. First, the textural properties of waste cotton woven-based activated carbon synthesized under various conditions were investigated via element analysis, N2 sorption/desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscopy. Then, the possible reaction mechanisms were deduced through various characterization methods. The results demonstrate that FeCl3 can lower the initial decomposition temperature of WCW to 135 °C and catalyze decarboxylation and decarbonylation at 100-330 °C to elevate the formation of microporous structures. Moreover, FeCl3 can also form Lewis acid sites at 330-700 °C and promote the cross-linking reaction to develop intricate microporous structures and carbonaceous materials with the synergistic effect of Fe3+ and Cl-. FeCl3 could be used as a template-like agent to form mesoporous structures. Meanwhile, it can also act as a magnetizer that Fe3O4 derived from the decomposition of FeCl3 would insert into the carbon matrix and combine with C-Cl to tailor the magnetic controllable activated carbon. Finally, we confirmed that extending the activation time could convert the structure of waste cotton woven-based activated carbon and increase the number of active sites, thereby further improving the catalytic properties of FeCl3 in pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Daofang Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
| | - Yuanxing Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Siyi Gu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Weifang Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
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7
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Khalil U, Vongsvivut J, Shahabuddin M, Samudrala SP, Srivatsa SC, Bhattacharya S. A study on the performance of coke resistive cerium modified zeolite Y catalyst for the pyrolysis of scrap tyres in a two-stage fixed bed reactor. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:139-148. [PMID: 31677521 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis is a useful technique for the conversion of scrap tyres into liquid fuels. Zeolite catalysts were employed in the pyrolysis of scrap tyres for the production of aromatic rich fuel. Deactivation of zeolite catalysts during pyrolysis reaction was investigated which played an important role in the product quality and composition. Herein, the performance of microporous zeolite catalysts and mesoporous MCM-41 catalyst was evaluated in a two-stage fixed bed reactor for the pyrolysis of scrap tyres. Comparative studies showed the increase in the production of aromatic compounds up to 23.7% over zeolite catalyst as compared to 18.7% over MCM-41 catalyst. However, Zeolite Y catalyst exhibited higher coke formation led to the rapid deactivation. The stability of zeolite catalysts is addressed by the incorporation of Cerium metal within the framework of two zeolite catalysts namely Zeolite Y and ZSM-5 through the ion-exchange technique. Parent and spent catalysts were characterised using synchrotron FT-IR spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), N2 Physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPD). A higher percentage of aromatics were produced over the large pore Zeolite Y. Cerium ion-exchange decreased the formation of coke from 8.1% to 5.7% over submicron and large pore Zeolite Y catalyst. Moreover, naphthalene production decreased over both Ce-Zeolite Y and Ce-ZSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Khalil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | | | - M Shahabuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | | | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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8
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Parihar A, Vongsvivut J, Bhattacharya S. Synchrotron-Based Infra-Red Spectroscopic Insights on Thermo-Catalytic Conversion of Cellulosic Feedstock to Levoglucosenone and Furans. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:8747-8757. [PMID: 31459964 PMCID: PMC6648375 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-catalytic conversion of cellulosic feedstock, such as lignocellulose, to platform chemicals offers a renewable alternative to fossil-based chemicals. Mechanistic insights behind thermochemical conversion of lignocellulose would facilitate thermo-catalytic process development for bio-based chemicals. This study employed synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to investigate chemical changes in acid-catalyzed cellulose and lignocellulose and glucose during pyrolysis. Major changes in glucose occurred at 200 °C, where it underwent reactions including ring opening and tautomerization. Acid treatment did not change the molecular structure of cellulose but disrupted the lignocellulose network. The observed synchrotron FTIR spectral features provided evidence for acceleration of catalytic dehydration of cellulose and lignocellulose to levoglucosenone and furans. Catalytic passivation of alkali and alkaline earth metals in lignocellulose was also observed at low acid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Parihar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared
Microspectroscopy Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton 3800, Australia
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Samsudin MH, Hassan MA, Idris J, Ramli N, Mohd Yusoff MZ, Ibrahim I, Othman MR, Mohd Ali AA, Shirai Y. A one-step self-sustained low temperature carbonization of coconut shell biomass produced a high specific surface area biochar-derived nano-adsorbent. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2019; 37:551-555. [PMID: 30727859 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x18823953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A one-step self-sustained carbonization of coconut shell biomass, carried out in a brick reactor at a relatively low temperature of 300-500°C, successfully produced a biochar-derived adsorbent with 308 m2/g surface area, 2 nm pore diameter, and 0.15 cm3/g total pore volume. The coconut shell biochar qualifies as a nano-adsorbent, supported by scanning electron microscope images, which showed well-developed nano-pores on the surface of the biochar structure, even though there was no separate activation process. This is the first report whereby coconut shell can be converted to biochar-derived nano-adsorbent at a low carbonization temperature, without the need of the activation process. This is superior to previous reports on biochar produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hafif Samsudin
- 1 Department of Bioprocess Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- 1 Department of Bioprocess Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- 2 Department of Process and Food Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Juferi Idris
- 3 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
- 4 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ramli
- 1 Department of Bioprocess Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Izzudin Ibrahim
- 1 Department of Bioprocess Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ridzuan Othman
- 1 Department of Bioprocess Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Amiruddin Mohd Ali
- 5 Department of Biological Functions and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shirai
- 5 Department of Biological Functions and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan
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10
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Yang B, Liu Y, Liang Q, Chen M, Ma L, Li L, Liu Q, Tu W, Lan D, Chen Y. Evaluation of activated carbon synthesized by one-stage and two-stage co-pyrolysis from sludge and coconut shell. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:722-731. [PMID: 30580167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Waste biomass and sewage sludge were used to obtain an adsorbent material with excellent performance qualities by adopting a KOH activation process via one-stage (ACone) or two-stage (ACtwo) co-pyrolysis. The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of both methods in terms of the physicochemical properties and adsorption capacities for methylene blue (MB). Textural analyses revealed that the surface area (Stot= 683.82 m2/g) and total pore volume (Vtot= 0.72 cm3/g) of ACtwo were more than two-fold compared with ACone (Stot= 285.33 m2/g; Vtot= 0.35 cm3/g). Thus, two-stage co-pyrolysis produced activated carbon with increased porosity, which was favorable for MB adsorption. Nevertheless, the intensity of the surface functional groups of ACtwo was weaker than for ACone, which could be due to the pore-forming mechanism. Two-stage co-pyrolysis increased the yield and aromaticity of activated carbon, but sufficient activation caused more functional groups to decompose. For the adsorbate MB, the maximum adsorption capacity of ACtwo (602.80 mg/g) was more than five-fold greater than that of ACone (101.88 mg/g), due to its excellent porosity properties. Furthermore, the interactions of MB molecules with activated carbon were via hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction. The adsorption process of MB onto activated carbon was accurately described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption equilibrium evaluated Langmuir isotherms demonstrated that MB formed a monolayer by adsorption onto the activated carbon. Adsorption thermodynamics was used to investigate the influence of temperature on the adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that MB adsorption onto activated carbon was spontaneous and endothermic. In conclusion, our results showed that two-stage co-pyrolysis improves the adsorption capabilities of activated carbon, so achieving better economic value from waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qingling Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; Research Institute of Industrial Hazardous Waste Disposal and Resource Utilization, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenwen Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Dawei Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
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11
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Tan G, Liu Y, Xiao D. Influence of different pyrolysis methods on the sorption property of rice straw biochar. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1553981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangqun Tan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Analysis and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Molina-Guerrero CE, de la Rosa G, Castillo-Michel H, Sánchez A, García-Castañeda C, Hernández-Rayas A, Valdez-Vazquez I, Suarez-Vázquez S. Physicochemical Characterization of Wheat Straw during a Continuous Pretreatment Process. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Molina-Guerrero
- Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Circuito 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario 31125 Chihuahua México
- Universidad de Guanajuato; Depto. Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica; División de Ciencias e Ingenierías; Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, Col. Lomas del Campestre, Léon 37150 Guanajuato México
| | - Guadalupe de la Rosa
- Universidad de Guanajuato; Depto. Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica; División de Ciencias e Ingenierías; Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, Col. Lomas del Campestre, Léon 37150 Guanajuato México
- The University of Texas; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN); 500 West University Avenue 79968 El Paso, TX USA
| | | | - Arturo Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería Avanzada; Laboratorio de Futuros en Bioenergía; Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN; Av. del Bosque 1145, Col. El Bajío, Zapopan 45019 Jalisco México
| | - Concepción García-Castañeda
- CONACyT-Universidad de Guanajuato; Loma del Bosque 103, Col. Lomas del Campestre. León 37150 Guanajuato México
| | - Angélica Hernández-Rayas
- Universidad de Guanajuato; Depto. de Ingeniería Física. División de Ciencias e Ingenierías; Campus León, Loma del Bosque 103, Col Lomas del Campestre, León 37150 Guanajuato México
| | - Idania Valdez-Vazquez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería; Blvd. Juriquilla 3001 76230 Querétaro México
| | - Santiago Suarez-Vázquez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Facultad de Ingeniería Civil; Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455 Nuevo León México
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Cheng X, Zhang M, Wang Z, Xu G, Ma C. IR and kinetic study of sewage sludge combustion at different oxygen concentrations. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 74:279-287. [PMID: 29317161 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermal degradation of sewage sludge disposal is attracting more attention due to the increase in municipal wastewater treatment. In this work the performance of the thermochemical processes of sewage sludge at different oxygen concentrations was investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) study. The oxygen concentrations were varied systematically from 0 to 20%, representing heating process from pyrolysis to full combustion. The evolutions of surface functional groups in these processes were also investigated by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra (DRIFT), which helped to understand the reaction mechanism during the thermal degradation, especially when the reaction conditions were different. The heating process was divided into four stages, dehydration (below 200 °C), devolatilization (200-400 °C), char combustion (above 400 °C), and secondary devolatilization (above 650 °C). Reaction mechanism and kinetic model was proposed based on the stages of heating process. Oxygen concentration was presented explicitly in the reactions and kinetic equations. The model was then developed for the heating processes at different oxygen concentrations, followed by fittings of kinetic parameters. Some of the parameters in the model were fixed as constants to minimize the number of variations. The fitted model agreed well with the TG curves at different oxygen concentrations and could illustrate the evolution of intermediates and products during the heating process. The developed kinetic model could be further applied for the modeling of sewage sludge pellets combustion considering oxygen diffusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Cheng
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutant Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutant Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutant Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Guiying Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
| | - Chunyuan Ma
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutant Emission Reduction, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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14
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Liu H, Lv H, Kan K, Liu Y, Zhang W, Wang Y, Ikram M, Du L, Shi K, Yu HT. Biocarbon-templated synthesis of porous Ni–Co-O nanocomposites for room-temperature NH3 sensors. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03832e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous nickel–cobalt oxide (Ni–Co-O) nanocomposites were fabricated using a mesoporous biocarbon material (BCM), resulting from hemp stem, as a template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
| | - He Lv
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Kan Kan
- Daqing Branch
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences
- Daqing 163319
- China
- Institute of Advanced Technology
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Technology
- Heilongjiang Academy of Science
- Harbin, 150080
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Harbin Normal University
- Harbin 150025
- China
| | - Keying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
| | - Hai-tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- China
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15
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Li F, Srivatsa SC, Batchelor W, Bhattacharya S. A study on growth and pyrolysis characteristics of microalgae using Thermogravimetric Analysis-Infrared Spectroscopy and synchrotron Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 229:1-10. [PMID: 28088575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This two-part study firstly investigated Tetraselmis suecica grown in different CO2 (0.04-15%v/v) concentration through indoor and outdoor cultivation systems. A high CO2 concentration led to a high lipid content, and low nitrogen and oxygen content, which are desirable for transport fuel production. Pyrolysis characteristics were investigated by TG-IR and synchrotron IR microscopy. The results show Tetraselmis suecica grown in 10%CO2 had the highest decomposition rate corresponding to more volatile products produced during the main thermal cracking stage and derived from protein-and lipid-corresponding functional groups. Moreover, a high reaction temperature and CO2 concentration resulted in a low retention of surface functional groups. The nitrogen functional groups initially decomposed at a temperature range of 250-300°C and still remained at 550°C, while the lipid-corresponding functional groups completely disappeared at a temperature range of 400-500°C. Besides, the decomposition of chemical components followed the order of carbohydrate, protein and lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Warren Batchelor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sankar Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Cheng H, Wu S, Huang J, Zhang X. Direct evidence from in situ FTIR spectroscopy that o-quinonemethide is a key intermediate during the pyrolysis of guaiacol. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2531-2537. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Comparison of activated carbons from epoxy resin of waste printed circuit boards with KOH activation by conventional and microwave heating methods. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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